LT6027B - Gravity - based elevated hydro - technical structure - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention aims to create a generally new gravity-based elevated hydro-technical structure, designed for receiving the mooring vessels, with the aim to increase stability and reliability of the construction, as well as to ensure simple mounting works. According to this invention, gravity-based elevated hydro-technical structure consists not only of piles but also of large diameter steel shell structures, mounted on the bottom of the water area. These steel shell structures function as shock-absorbers and do not let water to the piles, while the cavity inside these shell structures is filled with sand (soil). The steel shell structures have piles hammered inside, which are interconnected with a reinforced concrete grillage, on top of which longitudinal and transverse beams are mounted. A reinforced concrete superstructure / trestle is mounted on the longitudinal and transverse beams. The reinforced concrete superstructure connected with steel shell structures and grillage forms a firm gravity-based construction, on top of which mooring bollards and stops are mounted. Practically all constructive elements of this hydro-technical structure can be assembled and mounted on the shore; the assembling works are simple and low-cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to the construction of marinas, bridges and harbors. Especially with hydrotechnical structures for receiving mooring vessels.

TECHNICAL LEVEL

It is known that hydrotechnical structures for receiving mooring vessels must have the following properties: good resistance to horizontal loads caused by berthing vessels and waves (waves) and good resistance to vertical loads caused by machinery and all that is built, integrated or placed on a trestle (reinforced concrete superstructure). An analysis of the long history of hydrotechnical structures reveals that the main cause of failure of hydrotechnical structures is the sea / ocean waves, which (weakly or severely) permanently adversely affect the said hydrotechnical structure and, over time, damage it.

There are many patents, protection structures, fastenings and stabilization mechanisms patented in the world, which in one way or another solve the problems of stability and reliability of the aforementioned hydrotechnical structures. However, surges, especially during storms, are a very serious challenge and the area is likely to remain open for innovation and innovation for a long time to come.

Known English patent no. GB391366, published 1933 April 27 This patent deals with the construction of a hydroelectric structure which, compared to standard structures, provides a more stable and reliable structure of the marina using a greater number (number) of piles on which the ramp rests. When constructing pole rows (the pole row is perpendicular to the wave direction), the distance between the poles is gradually reduced (the closer the pole is to the shore, the smaller the distance between the poles): this gradually dampens the waves and reduces the load on each pole. for the individual pole separately and for the structure as a whole. However, the construction is very cumbersome and solves the problem with a simple principle: greater safety - more poles.

Also known is Chinese patent no. CN1435540, Published 2003 August 13 This patent relates to a hydrotechnical structure based on a relatively large area (relative to a pole significantly smaller than the trestle area) of a rectangular concrete or other structural material-filled form / support on which the overhead section is erected / erected (trestle area). is comparable / similar to the area of said completed form). A distinctive feature of this patent is that a trapezoidal promotion is molded at the bottom of said filled support and is integral with said support, which prevents the waves from whipping into said support at full force. However, this construction has a few minuses: first - it requires a lot of construction materials to form / mold said support; the second is that large-area structures, although at first glance appear to be very strong, are very afraid of even medium (strength) planar waves (so the trapezoidal promotion mentioned in the present invention is not so much an improvement as a necessity and an inevitable solution).

Known English patent no. GB395534, published 1933 July 20 This patent relates to a quay wall support that protects the shore against the effects of (transverse) waves. This support consists of periodically spaced columns, where adjacent columns are interconnected using panels. A distinctive feature of the present invention is that said columns are constructed of blocks of different shapes which reduce the impact power of the waves. However, this structure is designed to protect the shore from the adverse effects of waves and is not well suited for the construction / realization of hydraulic structures. To use the structure of this patent in the structure (architecture) of hydraulic structures would be too expensive (because it requires a lot of building materials) and too complicated (because it is too cumbersome). Assembly work would also be very problematic.

Also known is U.S. Pat. US3479824, published June 1969. November 25 This patent discloses panels / panels having rectangular holes. These panels can be placed in the water and fastened to the seabed on special supports so that they can move / swing slightly with the movement / swell of the water under stronger waves. Such panels carry water but suppress stronger waves. However, this wave suppression structure or system cannot be used in quays, as they are navigated by vessels and such underwater structures are undesirable.

The closest to the prior art is the US patent US1204946, published in 2011. November 14 This patent discloses a trestle that rests on poles that are interconnected by "X" joints. The essence of this patent is the reinforcement of the pole of the gantry by joints. However, this reinforcement is not radical, it only slightly strengthens the strength of the whole structure. In addition, there are many connections that need to be maintained / repaired over time.

Below is described and presented a fundamentally new gravity-trestle design that does not deal directly with the waves (because directly resisting the waves is too hard and pointless), but addresses the issues of pier stability and reliability in a radical, efficient and simple way.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to provide a radically new design of a hydrotechnical structure that significantly enhances the strength, reliability and stability of the marina ramp with respect to waves and is also simple in terms of assembly / construction work.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a gravitational-trestle-type hydraulic structure designed to accept:

the horizontal loading of mooring vessels with the ramp on piles and the vertical loads on machinery constructed, integrated or placed on the ramp.

According to the present invention, a gravity-trestle-type hydrotechnical structure consists of large diameter (diameter) steel shells mounted on the bottom of the aquatorium at a certain step (repetitive distance) from each other with steel piles on which the trestle is mounted. These piles provide a guaranteed load-bearing capacity and are fitted with a reinforced concrete grid on which longitudinal and transverse beams are mounted. The longitudinal and transverse beams are fitted with a reinforced concrete superstructure, otherwise known as a pavement or trestle. Steel shells are filled with quality sand. The reinforced concrete superstructure is connected to steel shells and a grid forming a rigid gravity structure on which mooring posts and stakes are mounted.

Compared to existing hydrotechnical structures, this gravitational trestle type hydrotechnical structure has the following features / advantages:

under geologic conditions, fewer piles are needed to provide the same rig design reliability;

the bearing capacity of each individual pole is significantly increased as it is hammered into the sand in the steel shell;

the gravitational part of the structure does not accept vertical loads, which increases its stability and economy;

longitudinal and transverse beams can be equipped with higher capacity technological equipment;

the dimensions of the grid are significantly smaller than those of the "pure gantry";

virtually all structural elements of a hydro structure can be assembled and prepared on the shore, their installation saves time and reduces construction costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a general gravity-aesthetic-type hydraulic structure of the present invention.

FIG. Figure 2 is a top sectional view of a gravitational - trestle hydraulic structure.

FIG. Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a gravity-elevated-hydraulic structure.

PREFERRED {LIVING OPTIONS

Currently, the gravitational - gantry structures of marinas in the world are mostly based on piles, on which the entire gantry structure is mounted. However, the bottleneck of such a structure is the piles, since they carry all kinds of effects: horizontal loads on mooring vessels, vertical loads on cargo, equipment and machinery, as well as the permanent destructive effects of water waves and underwater currents.

The present invention is intended to improve the design of a gravity-rig-type (pole-based) hydrotechnical structure for receiving mooring vessels to increase its stability and reliability while at the same time ensuring ease of installation.

The destructive effects of waves and underwater currents have been known since time immemorial: over the water, water destroys everything. And strong waves are damaging to all ships and all shore structures. Below is described and presented a fundamentally new gravity-trestle construction that does not deal directly with the waves (because directly resisting the waves is too difficult and pointless), but addresses the issues of pier stability and reliability in a radical and efficient way and at the same time.

FIG. 1 illustrates the general structure of the gravitational-trestle-type hydrotechnical structure (1) of the present invention, consisting of the following basic structural elements: piles (2), reinforced concrete grid (3), longitudinal and transverse beams (4: 4a and 4b), reinforced concrete / trestle (5), mooring pole (6), stump (7), steel hull (8) and soil / sand (9).

The whole idea of the present invention is to protect said poles (2) from waves and underwater currents, from vessel pressure and from the effects of ice, i.e. from external influences. For this purpose, the gravitational part of the structure consists of large diameter steel shells (8) mounted on the bottom of the aquatorium (10) at certain distances from one another and filled with sand / soil (9) as shown in Figs. 1. It is these steel hollow shells (8) which are inserted into the bottom of the aquatorium (10) and which protect the poles (2) against the effects of waves. Each steel shell (8) has a relatively light-weight reinforced concrete ring (11) and an empty cavity filled with soil or sand (9). The optimum diameter of said steel shell (8) is 8-20 m, but other dimensions may be available.

Since said shells (8) are round in shape, they are not afraid of transverse waves of various directions. They are also very durable and cheap at the same time as their outer shell is reinforced by a reinforced concrete ring (11) and the interior is filled with sand or earth (9). Because these shells (8) are reasonably large in diameter (8), they withstand even strong direct shocks. In addition, direct impacts or impacts on the shells (8) are not transmitted to the piles (2). FIG. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a gravitational-elevated-type hydrotechnical structure; Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a gravity-elevated-hydraulic structure.

Inside each steel shell (8), piles (2) are formed which are interconnected at the top by reinforcing bars (3). These reinforced concrete gratings (3) serve as the foundations of the trestle: they are fitted with longitudinal (4a) and transverse (4b) beams (4), which connect adjacent steel shells (8). On the longitudinal and transverse beams (4) a reinforced concrete cover is formed and a reinforced concrete superstructure / overpass (5) is built on which mooring posts (6) and bollards (7) are mounted.

If necessary, the geometry of said steel shells (8) can be not only circular but also irregular in shape (eg, specially adapted to the embankment, wave direction, etc.).

The trestle (5) of such a hydraulic structure (1) can accept very high operational loads. By using the aforementioned steel shells (8) and ensuring a sufficient degree of reliability of the ramp (5), fewer poles (2) can be used.

The present invention is also unique in that the gravitational structure does not accept vertical loads, which greatly increases its stability and economy. The bearing capacity of each individual pole (2) is also significantly increased as it is embedded in the sand (9) inside the steel shell (8).

The longitudinal and transverse beams (4) of the structure (1) of the present invention can be equipped with high-capacity technological equipment, because the whole structure (1) is considerably stronger than currently used structures (the trestle can withstand approximately 30% more weight). and more reliable (the degree of reliability increases approximately twice).

In addition, this structure is easy to assemble and prepare on shore, i.e. the present invention not only provides a higher degree of reliability of a hydrotechnical structure, but at the same time provides a cheap and easy assembly / installation in terms of assembly work.

To illustrate and describe the present invention, a description of the most preferred embodiment is given above. It is not a complete or limiting invention that seeks to determine the exact form or embodiment. The description above should be viewed as an illustration rather than a limitation. It will be appreciated that many modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and embodiments are selected and described to best illustrate the construction and best practical application of the present invention for different embodiments with different modifications suitable for a particular application or embodiment. because, in the particular construction of a gravitational-aesthetic-type hydrotechnical structure, the quantitative design parameters of the present invention may vary. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the appended definition and its equivalents, in which all of the foregoing terms have the widest meaning unless otherwise indicated. It will be appreciated that the embodiments described by those skilled in the art can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Gravity-trestle construction of a hydrotechnical structure consisting of: piles, reinforced concrete gratings, longitudinal and transverse beams, trestles, mooring posts and bumps, characterized in that the gravitational part of the structure consists of large diameter steel shells (8) mounted on the bottom (10) of the water area at certain distances and filled with soil / sand (9), which protect the piles (2) from external influences; where: each round steel shell (8) having a reinforced concrete ring (11) and an empty cavity filled with soil or sand (9); piles (2) formed inside each steel shell (8), which are interconnected at their upper part by reinforcing bars (3); reinforced concrete gratings (3) perform the function of a trestle foundation: they are fitted with longitudinal (4a) and transverse (4b) beams (4) which connect adjacent steel shells (8); reinforcing concrete is formed on the longitudinal and transverse beams (4) and a reinforced concrete superstructure / overpass (5) is erected on which mooring posts (6), bollards (7) and other equipment are installed. 2. Gravity-trestle hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the steel shell (8) is irregular (i.e., specially adapted to the embankment, wave direction and the like).