LT5955B - Composting cover - Google Patents
Composting cover Download PDFInfo
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- LT5955B LT5955B LT2011082A LT2011082A LT5955B LT 5955 B LT5955 B LT 5955B LT 2011082 A LT2011082 A LT 2011082A LT 2011082 A LT2011082 A LT 2011082A LT 5955 B LT5955 B LT 5955B
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- composting
- cover
- layer
- compost
- environment
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003108 parasitologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Išradimas susijęs su nuotekų dumblo kompostavimu bei kompostavimo dangomis, mažinančiomis dujinių teršalų išsiskyrimą į aplinką.The present invention relates to the composting of sewage sludge and composting coatings which reduce the release of gaseous pollutants into the environment.
Nuotekų dumblas priskiriamas biologiškai skaidžių atliekų kategorijai, kuri, netinkamai tvarkoma kelia pavojų aplinkai, teršia orą, vandenį ir dirvožemį. Nuotekų dumblo tvarkymas ir nukenksminimas šiuo metu globali problema, ir jos sprendimui ieškoma efektyvių būdų.Sewage sludge belongs to the category of biodegradable waste, which, if not handled properly, presents a risk to the environment, polluting the air, water and soil. Sewage sludge management and decontamination is currently a global problem and effective solutions are being sought.
Nuotekų valymo įrenginiuose sulaikyto dumblo apdorojimas - tai fizinių, cheminių ir biologinių procesų sąveika. Sutirštintas dumblas dezinfekuojamas ir stabilizuojamas taikant įvairius šių procesų derinius: nusausinimas, kompostavimas, džiovinimas, ilgalaikis sandėliavimas, apdorojimas kalkėmis, anaerobinis pūdymas, termofilinis aerobinis pūdymas, terminė hidrolizė, pasterizavimas ir kt.The treatment of sludge trapped in wastewater treatment plants is the interaction of physical, chemical and biological processes. The thickened sludge is disinfected and stabilized by a combination of the following processes: drainage, composting, drying, long-term storage, lime treatment, anaerobic digestion, thermophilic aerobic digestion, thermal hydrolysis, pasteurisation, etc.
Nuotekų dumblas, kaip ir kitos biologiškai skaidžios atliekos gali būti aerobiškai arba anaerobiškai kompostuojamas. Aerobinis atliekų kompostavimas yra natūralus biologinio skaidymo procesas, kurio metu deguonies prisotintoje aplinkoje tarpstančios bakterijos pūdo atliekas. Šio oksidacijos proceso metu teršalai suskaidomi į anglies dioksidą (CO2), vandenį (H2O), nitratus, nitritus, sulfatus ir biomasę.Sewage sludge, like other biodegradable waste, can be aerobically or anaerobically composted. Aerobic waste composting is a natural process of biodegradation in which bacteria in an oxygen-enriched environment decompose the waste. This oxidation process breaks down pollutants into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O), nitrates, nitrites, sulfates and biomass.
Anaerobinis kompostavimas (pūdymas) - tai sudėtingas biocheminis procesas, vykstantis keliais etapais, mikroorganizmams organines medžiagas skaidant bedeguonėje aplinkoje. Proceso metu išsiskiria biodujos, kurių didžiąją dalį sudaro metanas (CH4) ir anglies dioksidas (CO2).Anaerobic composting (digestion) is a complex biochemical process that takes place in several steps, with microorganisms decomposing organic matter in an oxygen-free environment. The process releases biogas, which is predominantly methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
Pagrindiniai veiksniai ir sąlygos, leidžiantys optimizuoti kompostavimo procesus ir sutrumpinti kompostavimo trukmę nuo kelių mėnesių ar metų iki keleto savaičių yra deguonies (O2) kiekis, maisto medžiagos, anglies ir azoto santykis (C/N), drėgmė, poringumas, dalelių struktūra ir dydis, pH, temperatūra.The key factors and conditions for optimizing the composting process and shortening the composting time from several months or years to several weeks are oxygen (O 2 ) content, nutrients, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C / N), humidity, porosity, particle structure and size , pH, temperature.
Apdorojant nuotekų dumblą viena svarbiausių - išsiskiriančių dujinių emisijų, o ypač nemalonių kvapų problema. Dėl teršalų dujinio būvio ši problema sunkiai sprendžiamaOne of the most important issues in the treatment of sewage sludge is the problem of gaseous emissions and especially unpleasant odors. The gaseous state of the pollutants makes this problem difficult to solve
Nuotekų dumblo tvarkymas - aktuali problema ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir Europos bei kitose šalyse. Griežtėjantys aplinkosauginiai reikalavimai skatina diegti modernias ir efektyvias nuotekų valymo technologijas, kurios generuoja vis didesnius dumblo kiekius. Dabartiniai tvarkymo būdai kelia grėsmę aplinkai, nebeatitinka ilgalaikių visuomenės interesų, prieštarauja darnios plėtros principams. Vienas iš dumblo apdorojimo būdų — kompostavimas, kurio metu dumblas stabilizuojamas, sumažinamas jo kiekis, pagerinama dumblo struktūra ir mikrobiologiniaiparazitologiniai parametrai. Pasaulyje žinomos ir taikomos atviro tipo kompostavimo technologijos, kai į aplinką išsiskiria ne tik nemalonaus kvapo, bet ir šiltnamio efektą sukeliančios dujos. Dideli amoniako (NH3), sieros vandenilio (H2S) ir šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų (CH4, CO2) kiekiai išsiskiria ir dumblo saugojimo metu. Tinkamas nuotekų dumblo (biologiškai skaidžių atliekų) tvarkymas pastaruoju metu ypač svarbus, nes irimo produktai daro žymų poveikį klimato kaitos procesui. Todėl aktualūs efektyvūs ir pigūs kompostavimo dujų išsiskyrimo į aplinką mažinimo būdai, naudojant natūralias medžiagas.Sewage sludge management is a topical issue not only in Lithuania but also in Europe and other countries. Increasing environmental requirements encourage the introduction of modern and efficient wastewater treatment technologies that generate increasing amounts of sludge. Current management practices are a threat to the environment, are no longer in the long-term public interest, and run counter to the principles of sustainable development. One of the methods of sludge treatment is composting, which stabilizes the sludge, reduces its amount, improves sludge structure and microbiological and parasitological parameters. Open-type composting technologies are known and applied worldwide, which emit not only odorous but also greenhouse gases. Large quantities of ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and greenhouse gases (CH 4 , CO 2 ) are also released during sludge storage. The proper management of sewage sludge (biodegradable waste) has become particularly important lately, as degradation products have a significant impact on the climate change process. Therefore, efficient and inexpensive ways to reduce the release of composting gas into the environment using natural materials are relevant.
Yra daug būdų ir technologijų, naudojamų sulaikyti išsiskiriančias iš komposto dujas ir nemalonius kvapus. Tai pasiekiama naudojant uždaro tipo kompostavimo įrenginius (LT5675B; US4255389; US3845939; US206172411; CA2436322). Svarbiausias šių įrenginių tikslas pagreitinti kompostavimosi procesus. Tunelio ar konteinerio uždaro tipo kompostavimo įrenginiai reikalauja sudėtingų inžinerinių sprendimų. Uždaro tipo kompostavimo įrenginiai gali užtikrinti tik kompostavimo metu išsiskyrusių dujų surinkimą, tačiau šių dujų valymui reikalingos papildomos investicijos į oro valymo įrenginius. Žinomos kompostavimo ir dujų (kvapų) biologinio valymo sistemos (LT4400B; US5574093; US6337203).There are many techniques and technologies used to contain compost gas and unpleasant odors. This is achieved by using closed-type composters (LT5675B; US4255389; US3845939; US206172411; CA2436322). The main purpose of these facilities is to speed up the composting process. Tunnel or container closed type composting plants require sophisticated engineering solutions. Closed composting units can only ensure the collection of gas that is emitted during composting, but the cleaning of this gas requires additional investment in air purification plants. Known composting and gas (odor) biological treatment systems (LT4400B; US5574093; US6337203).
Kompostuojant ne uždaro tipo įrenginiuose, svarbu užtikrinti išsiskiriančių dujų sulaikymą. Šiam tikslui yra naudojami įvairių medžiagų ir sudėties kompostavimo dangos. Pagrindinis kompostavimo dangoms keliamas uždavinys siejamas su oro taršos bei kvapų problemos sprendimu.When composting in non-closed facilities, it is important to ensure that the gas released is contained. Compost coatings of various materials and compositions are used for this purpose. The main challenge for composting coatings is related to solving the problem of air pollution and odors.
Siūlomos kompostavimo dangos, skirtos sulaikyti išsiskiriančias dujas, privalumas yra tas, kad ji sumažina išsiskiriančių į atmosferą dujų kiekį, kartu sumažindama ir kvapų problemą. Siūlomos kvapus mažinančios dangos prototipas yra kompostavimo danga (patentas US 2009/0053499 Al). Išradimas priklauso priemonėms, pagerinančioms kompostavimo procesą komposto dangoms. Išradimas apima kelis metodus, sprendimas „viskas viename“. Danga sulaiko šilumą, galimas perteklinės drėgmės išgaravimas, bei oro konvekcija sudaro idealią aplinką mikroorganizmų veiklai. Prototipo komposto dangą sudaro išorinis apsauginis audinys su užpildu. Užpildą sudaro šilumos izoliacinė sintetinio pluošto medžiaga. Pasirinkto prototipo aprašyme kompostavimo danga yra labai paprasta, užtikrinanti tik ultravioletinių spindulių (UV) atspindėjimą, oro ir vandens cirkuliaciją, bei šilumos sulaikymą komposto kaupo viduje.The advantage of the proposed composting coating, which is designed to contain the evolved gas, is that it reduces the amount of gas released into the atmosphere while also reducing the odor problem. The prototype of the proposed deodorant coating is a composting coating (US patent 2009/0053499 Al). The invention relates to means for improving the composting process for compost coatings. The invention involves several methods, an all-in-one solution. The coating retains heat, the possible evaporation of excess moisture, and air convection provide an ideal environment for microorganisms to function. The compost cover of the prototype consists of an outer protective fabric with padding. The filler consists of heat insulating synthetic fiber material. In the description of the chosen prototype, the composting coating is very simple, providing only ultraviolet (UV) reflection, air and water circulation, and heat retention inside the compost bin.
Prototipo trūkumai - naudojamos sintetinės medžiagos bei neužtikrinamas išsiskiriančių dujinių teršalų kiekio mažinimas ar jų sulaikymas. Prototipo aprašyme siūlomos kompostuoti atliekos pateikiamos kaip žaliosios atliekos, virtuvės ir kitos organinės, o tai reiškia, kad danga tinkama tik mažiems biologiškai skaidžių atliekų srautams, susidarantiems namų ūkiuose. Dar vienas pasirinkto prototipo trūkumas - galimybė jį naudoti tik mažiems kompostuojamų atliekų kiekiams.The disadvantages of the prototype are the use of synthetic materials and the reduction or retention of gaseous pollutants. In the description of the prototype, the proposed composted waste is presented as green waste, kitchen and other organic, which means that the coating is only suitable for small streams of biodegradable waste produced by households. Another disadvantage of the prototype chosen is its ability to be used only for small amounts of compostable waste.
Pasirinkto prototipo aprašyme pateikiama, kad ši komposto danga sugeria šilumą saulėtomis dienomis, bei sumažina komposto kaupo vidinių sluoksnių paros temperatūrų svyravimus. Apsaugo ne tik nuo medžiagų išplovimo lyjant, bet ir nuo išdžiūvimo.Išorinis sintetinis audinys, atsparus UV spindulių poveikiui, pralaidus orui ir drėgmei, atsparus vandens poveikiui. Sudarytas iš polipropileno ir poliesterio. Dangos užpildas sudarytas iš sintetinio pluošto, kuris skirtas izoliuoti šilumą.The description of the chosen prototype states that this compost coating absorbs heat on sunny days and reduces the daily temperature fluctuations of the compost accumulation layers. Protects not only from leaching, but also from drying. Outer synthetic fabric, UV resistant, breathable and moisture resistant, water resistant. Composed of polypropylene and polyester. The coating filler is made of synthetic fiber, which is used for heat insulation.
Siūlomas išradimas gali būti naudojamas ne tik nuotekų dumblo kompostavimui, bet ir kitoms biologiškai skaidžioms atliekoms, taip pat tinkamas tiek dideliems, tiek mažiems kompostuojamiems atliekų kiekiams. Siūloma danga gali būti naudojama tiek komposto kaupų padengimui, tiek atviro tipo tuneliniams įrenginiams.The present invention can be used not only for sewage sludge composting but also for other biodegradable wastes, and is suitable for both large and small compostable wastes. The proposed coating can be used for both compost heaps and open tunnel installations.
Išradimo tikslas - patobulinti kompostavimo dangą. Įvedant daugiau sluoksnių, bei naudojant tik natūralias (gamtines) medžiagas, išliks ne tik prototipo aprašyme išvardintos teigiamos savybės, bet ir pasipildys naujomis, t.y. dujų ir kvapų sulaikymas/valymas, perteklinio azoto fiksacija. Tikslas pasiekiamas naudojant dviejų sluoksnių dangą. Pirmas (apatinis) dangos sluoksnis sudarytas iš medžio žievės 5-10 cm sluoksnio, antras sluoksnis - sudarytas iš tekstilės bei 4—6 cm durpių/dirvožemio sluoksnio su žoline augalija.The object of the invention is to improve the composting coating. Adding more layers and using only natural (natural) materials will not only keep the positive features listed in the prototype description, but will also add new ones, i.e. gas / odor retention / purification, fixation of excess nitrogen. The goal is achieved by using a two-layer coating. The first (bottom) layer consists of a tree bark 5-10 cm, the second layer consists of textile and 4-6 cm peat / soil layer with grassy vegetation.
Atliktų tyrimų duomenys parodo kompostavimo dangos sudarytos iš žolinės augalijos sluoksnio, bei dangos iš medžių žievės ir žolės sluoksnio, efektyvumą, lyginant su duomenimis gautais nenaudojant kompostavimo dangų.The research results show the efficiency of composting cover consisting of a layer of herbaceous vegetation and cover of tree bark and grass layer, compared to the data obtained without using composting coverings.
lentelė. Kompostavimo dangų efektyvumastable. Effectiveness of composting coatings
Išradimo esmei paaiškinti pateikiamas brėžinys, kuriame dangos vaizdas.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A drawing showing an image of a coating is provided.
Kompostavimo dangą sudaro:The composting cover consists of:
parodytas bendras kompostavimoshowing general composting
1. Nuotekų dumblas ir (arba) kitos kompostuojamos atliekos, brėžinyje pažymėta 1.1. Sewage sludge and / or other compostable waste as indicated in Figure 1.
2. Kompostavimo dujų sulaikymo ir valymo sluoksnis sudarytas iš smulkintos medžio žievės 2.2. The composting gas retention and purification layer consists of shredded bark 2.
3. Tekstilė 3.3. Textiles 3.
4. Durpių/dirvožemio sluoksnio su žoline augalija 4.4. Peat / soil layer with grassy vegetation 4.
Kompostavimo dangos veikimo principasPrinciple of composting pavement operation
Kompostuojamos medžiagos (nuotekų dumblas ir kitos struktūrinės medžiagos) sukraunamos j kaupus ar j tunelinio tipo kompostavimo įrenginius su aktyviu (perforuoti vamzdžiai su oro padavimo sistema) ar pasyviu aeravimu. Komposto paviršius padengiamas kompostavimo dangos sluoksniais iš natūralių medžiagų. Vidiniai kompostavimo dangos sluoksniai 2, 4 sudaryti iš žievės ir durpių/dirvožemio, kurie ne tik sulaiko šilumą, bet ir išsiskiriančias kompostavimo metu dujas. Viršutinis augalų sluoksnis greitina nuotekų dumblo (biologiškai skaidžių atliekų) humifikaciją. Augalai nitrifikacijos proceso dėka asimiliuoja azotą, taip sumažėja dujinių azoto junginių išsiskyrimas j aplinką, mažėja perteklinio azoto kiekiai dumble. Didėjant CCk koncentracijai, išauga augalų fotosintezės aktyvumas ir biomasės produkcija, didėja bendras anglies asimiliuotas kiekis, todėl mažėja kompostavimo metu susidarančio anglies dioksido išsiskyrimas į aplinką. Augalų šaknų sistema sukuria papildomą komposto kaupo aeraciją.Compostable materials (sewage sludge and other structural materials) are loaded into bulk or tunnel-type composting units with active (perforated pipes with air supply system) or passive aeration. The compost surface is covered with layers of natural materials for composting. The inner layers 2, 4 of the composting coating consist of bark and peat / soil, which not only retain heat but also release gas during composting. The top layer of plants accelerates the humification of sewage sludge (biodegradable waste). Plants assimilate nitrogen through the nitrification process, thereby reducing the release of gaseous nitrogen compounds into the environment and reducing the amount of excess nitrogen in the sludge. As the concentration of CCk increases, the photosynthetic activity of plants and biomass production increases, the total carbon assimilated content increases, thus reducing the release of carbon dioxide from composting. The plant root system creates additional aeration of the compost accumulates.
Išradimo apibrėžtisDefinition of the Invention
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2011082A LT5955B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Composting cover |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2011082A LT5955B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Composting cover |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LT2011082A LT2011082A (en) | 2013-03-25 |
| LT5955B true LT5955B (en) | 2013-07-25 |
Family
ID=47890768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2011082A LT5955B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Composting cover |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| LT (1) | LT5955B (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3845939A (en) | 1972-12-06 | 1974-11-05 | Waste Treat Inc | Composting apparatus |
| US4255389A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1981-03-10 | Kutsch-Consult Gmbh | Apparatus for rapid machine composting of sewage sludge |
| US5574093A (en) | 1994-06-10 | 1996-11-12 | Pyrocap International Corporation | Odor-reducing, nutrient-enhancing composition |
| LT4400B (en) | 1997-01-28 | 1998-10-26 | Bedminster Bioconversion Corporation | Compost curing and odor control system |
| US6337203B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2002-01-08 | Groupe Conporec, Inc. | Odor-free composting method and installation |
| CA2436322A1 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2004-07-17 | Harry Neal Windle | Rotatable aerating composter |
| US20090053499A1 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2009-02-26 | Wong Nelson G | Covering for Compost |
| LT5675B (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2010-08-25 | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Composting equipment |
| US20160072411A1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2016-03-10 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Piezoelectric power generation |
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 LT LT2011082A patent/LT5955B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3845939A (en) | 1972-12-06 | 1974-11-05 | Waste Treat Inc | Composting apparatus |
| US4255389A (en) | 1975-05-02 | 1981-03-10 | Kutsch-Consult Gmbh | Apparatus for rapid machine composting of sewage sludge |
| US5574093A (en) | 1994-06-10 | 1996-11-12 | Pyrocap International Corporation | Odor-reducing, nutrient-enhancing composition |
| LT4400B (en) | 1997-01-28 | 1998-10-26 | Bedminster Bioconversion Corporation | Compost curing and odor control system |
| US6337203B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2002-01-08 | Groupe Conporec, Inc. | Odor-free composting method and installation |
| CA2436322A1 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2004-07-17 | Harry Neal Windle | Rotatable aerating composter |
| US20090053499A1 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2009-02-26 | Wong Nelson G | Covering for Compost |
| LT5675B (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2010-08-25 | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Composting equipment |
| US20160072411A1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2016-03-10 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Piezoelectric power generation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LT2011082A (en) | 2013-03-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| BB1A | Patent application published |
Effective date: 20130325 |
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| FG9A | Patent granted |
Effective date: 20130725 |
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| MM9A | Lapsed patents |
Effective date: 20150920 |