LT5360B - Method for heat-mass-energy exchange and device for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to acoustic (for example, ultrasound) methods for intensifying the heat-mass-energy exchange of fluid, gas and gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions, in particular to a method and device for a heat-mass-energy exchange by acoustical resonance excitation of product flows. Said excitation consists in passing oppositely directed flows through interconnected vortex tubes. The interaction of flows in the crossing area thereof takes place in the top layers at a depthwhich provides the acoustical excitation of said flows caused by the shearing deformation thereof with respect to each other. Afterwards, the excited flows are integrated into a common acoustical chamber and discharged for utilisation.

Description

The present invention relates to acoustic (e.g., ultrasonic) methods of heat, mass and energy intensification of liquid, gaseous, gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions in mechanical physico-chemical processes of conversion, mixing, emulsifying, dispersing, homogenizing, heat treatment, saturation, extraction and the like.

Description of the Related Art

Techniques for intensifying heat, mass, and energy metabolism by acoustic excitation of transient product fluxes by transferring the energy of vibration to a liquid by a source of mechanical vibrations that interact with the liquid are known. This technique is used in hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters with plate and rod resonant oscillators, vortex and rotary pulsators.

Another way of intensifying heat, mass, and energy by acoustic excitation may be the interaction of jet flows between themselves, transferring kinetic energy from one stream to another. This technique is used in jet machines (ejectors, injectors, jet pumps) where the potential energy is kinetically transformed and the heat, mass and energy are exchanged in the interacting media. There is a known acoustic method for intensifying chemical reactions [RF Patent 2232629, B01J19 / 10, published July 20, 2004], characterized in that sound energy is injected into a liquid medium at a point in a reactor contact chamber, and sound transducers are arranged in pairs and directed in respect of; specific frequency ranges of sound energy and corresponding sound power are determined. Disadvantages of this technique are: special audio converters with certain frequency amplitude and power characteristics, power loss and distortion of frequency amplitude and power characteristics when transmitting sound through the wall, as well as the complexity of technical realization of all sound technology, bearing in mind the authors treat sound waves in the infrared, audio and ultrasonic spectra.

The closest to the technical essence and the result achieved is a method of resonant excitation of a liquid and a method and apparatus for heating a liquid [RF Patent 2232630, B01J19 / 10, published July 20, 2004], wherein the method of resonance excitation is affected by empirical dependence. The method of heating the liquid is based on the acoustic treatment of the liquid. It comprises: supplying fluid to a rotating impeller cavity and venting a series of outlets from the peripheral impeller annular wall to the annular chamber and then to the collection chamber, subject to certain relationships between the impeller rotation speed, the peripheral wall radius, and the resonant frequency . Disadvantages of this method are: technical complexity, excitation selectivity, multifactor dependence of resonant excitation on geometric, frequency parameters and limited possibility to use this method for other heat, mass and energy metabolism processes.

The essence of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a novel acoustic mode of heat, mass, and energy exchange that enables, in the context of a special arrangement of vortex flows,

Increase the resonant excitation duration and power of the product over a wider and more controlled range of amplitude frequencies;

to increase the efficiency of the destructive conversion of chemical compounds and the dispersed aggregate state of the product, as well as the acoustic activation of chemical compounds at the molecular level;

to use this method universally in a variety of applications for heat, mass and energy metabolism.

The proposed task is solved as follows: heat, mass and energy exchange of product streams is accomplished by allowing upstream streams through interconnecting vortex tubes, and the interactions in their intersectional area occur in their outer layers at depths that provide their acoustic excitation due to deformation in the pipe intersection area. The excited flows are then combined in a common acoustic chamber and released for use.

In the proposed method, additional acoustic resonant excitation can be used by installing additional axial resonators in the vortex tubes. In addition, additional acoustic excitation is possible in vortex tubes by providing additional tangential product or reagent inlets along the tube.

In order to realize this method, a heat, mass and energy exchange intensification device is proposed, which consists of two or more vortex tubes which communicate with one another due to their partial intersection, which are connected at the outlet by a common acoustic chamber. The exit end of the creation tubes can be flat or of any more complex configuration. In the acoustic chamber, a partition with one or more openings may be provided between the outlet end of the creation tubes and the outlet duct. Axially twisted displacement cylinders may be provided along the axes of the vortex tubes to enhance the resonant excitation by the interaction of the outer layers of the vortex flows. Along the axes of the vortex tubes, axial vortex displacement cylinders may be provided for increasing resonant excitation in the presence of vortex flow surface layers. Along the axis of the vortex tubes, resonators constructed as movable cylinders may be provided, with movable channels directed in their open portion to the inner surface of the outer energetically active layer of the creation flow. In this case, additional resonant excitation arises due to the interaction of the inner layers of the creation flow with the channels created by the axial creation resonator. By rotating the spin resonator around its axis and orienting it with respect to the tangential inputs, a common resonant excitation can be achieved. The manifold tubes with tangential inlets can be made as sections, joined in their extension between themselves by their axes, with or without partitions separating them, and each section may have separate tangential inlets for the product or energy carrier. In addition, the use of additional tangential inlets spaced several locations along the winding tubes allows additional product or carrier energy (liquid, gas, vapor, etc.) to be introduced, while generating additional acoustic excitation of the products to be connected or processed. The term "energetically active layer" is understood to mean a certain depth of the creation flow layer, which has a maximum kinetic energy slightly varied across the depth of that layer.

The term "strain-displacement interaction between structures" means the optimum depth of penetration of surfactant layers into one another, where product strain displacement provides the most efficient conditions for extended cavitation, acoustic excitation, without interfering with subsequent interactions between structures in acoustic excitation modes. Of the total number of tangential inlets, two may be opposed, disposed in the intersection of the vortex tubes, and slid in different directions relative to the string plane of the intersection of the vortex tubes.

Brief description of the drawings

FIG. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the interaction of swirl flows in two swirl pipes.

FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the interaction of swirl flows in two swirl tubes with additionally fitted cylindrical pushers.

FIG. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the interaction of vortex flows in two vortex tubes with additionally provided axial rotation resonators.

FIG. Figure 4 shows a device for intensifying heat, mass and energy metabolism with two twisted tubes (section).

FIG. Fig. 5 shows a device with cylindrical pushers, a cross-section at the level of the tangential inlets.

FIG. Fig. 6 shows a device with axially created resonators, a cross-section at the level of tangential inlets.

FIG. Fig. 7 shows a device with axial spin resonators and various spatial configuration variations of the spout tube outlet end.

FIG. Fig. 8 shows a device with several winding pipes, a cross-section at the level of tangential inlets.

FIG. Fig. 9 shows a device with several winding pipes, a cross-section at the level of tangential inlets.

FIG. Fig. 10 shows a device with cascade tubular configurations with additional tangential inlets (section).

FIG. Fig. 11 shows a device with spigot pipes, which are made as sections and with ring dividers (section).

Description of Embodiment of the Invention

The method of intensifying heat, mass, and energy metabolism in physicochemical conversion processes by acoustic resonance excitation of jet flows interacting with one another is implemented by providing junctions between themselves. FIG. 1 is a conditional representation of the interaction of the creation flows 1 and 2 in the creation tubes 3 and 4 (hereafter referred to as the tubes). The creation flows 1 and 2 are formed in the pipes by tangential inlet nozzles 5 (hereinafter referred to as tangential inlets) to which the product is supplied under pressure from an external source, such as a pump, compressor. Pipes 3 and 4 are formed with streams 1 and 2 such that they are directed opposite to one another by their energetically active layers 6 at intersection zone 7 of pipes 3 and 4. The energetic active layers of the creation flow are of a certain thickness, and the kinetic energy varies slightly at different depths of this layer. To describe the interaction of flows, the concepts of the upper surface 8 of the outer layer and the inner surface 9 of the outer layer, which are the boundaries of the energetically active layer 6, are introduced. In the convergence zone 7 of the convoluted flows, the displacement deformations of the flows, the sudden pressure difference between the zone 7 and the other part of the flow, acoustic vibrations, pulsations and developed cavitation propagating in radial and tangential directions occur. However, the portion of the jet stream flowing around the axis space has a much lower kinetic energy reserve and is practically not involved in the energy metabolism, meaning that it is less affected by heat, mass and energy intensification. In order to increase the degree of intensification, the cylindrical pushers 10 (Fig. 2) are introduced along the axes 1 and 2 of the swirl streams. In this way, there is no inefficiency in the created volume, thus forming an energy-efficient, circular flow fully exposed to acoustic excitation. It should be noted that as the flow flows through the tube, the kinetic energy decreases and consequently the frequency amplitude characteristics of the auditory excitation change. If the cylindrical ejector 10 is provided with axial rotation resonators 11 (Fig. 3), then additional acoustic excitation occurs due to interaction of the inner surface 9 of the energetic active layer of annular flows with the rotation channels 12 of the axial rotation resonator 11. resonance from two excitation sources can be achieved with respect to the inputs 5: the interaction of energetic active layer outer surface 8 in zone 7 and energetic active layer inner surface 9 interaction with spin formation in channels 12 created by axial creation resonator 11. excitation at other frequency amplitude characteristics, and the processed product is output for use.

In order to realize the described method of intensifying heat, mass and energy metabolism, the construction of the device is proposed as a separate variant of construction, shown in Fig. 4. The device comprises an inlet nozzle 13, a housing 14 housing two vortex tubes 3 and 4, with an upper nozzle cover 15, product inlet manifolds 16, tangential inlets 5, acoustic chamber 17. FIG. Figure 5 shows a device with cylindrical ejectors 10, in section at the level of the tangential inlets. FIG. Fig. 6 shows a device with axially created resonators 11, in section at the level of tangential inlets. FIG. 7 (in cross-section) illustrates a device with axial spin resonators 11, a flat outlet end 18 of spin tubes 3 and 4, variants with figurative ends 19, 20 and a septum 21. FIG. 8 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the device in which four tubes 4 are arranged around the central swirl tube 3, which communicate with each other, provided with cylindrical pushers 10 and an axial swing resonator 11. FIG. Figure 9 illustrates a variant of line arrangement of pipes. FIG. Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a device with cascade tubular configurations and additional tangential inlets arranged along the pipes. One tube 22 is constructed as a step taper and the second tube 23 as a taper taper. FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the device in which the tubular tubes 3 and 4 are made as sections, interconnected by axially spaced annular partitions 24. In the embodiment, the device can be manufactured in any combination of the embodiments shown and other combinations.

For a description of the operation of the device, consider, as an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of FIG. 6 and 7 The product is supplied under pressure through inlet nozzle 13 to receiving chamber 14 of housing 14 and through the openings or holes in nozzle cover 15 (not shown in the drawing) further into manifolds 16 from where tangential inlets 5 in the form of flat (or circular) currents The tangent enters the winding tubes 3 and 4. In these tubes, the axial rotation resonator 11 forms an energetically active circular flow, which spirally traverses the tube toward the exit to the acoustic chamber 17. It generates multiple interactions in the zone 7 as the vortex is formed. with analog counter-current, raising acoustic excitation along the entire length of zone 7. At the same time, the annular annular flow interacts with the channels 12 created by the axial vortex resonator 11 on its inner surface, causing additional pulsations and advanced cavitation. These interactions result in the resonant excitation of the annular flows of both builds. At the outlet of the manifolds, both streams, rotating in one direction and contacting each other with the opposing layers, enter the acoustic chamber 17 and decompose under the action of residual kinetic energy, thereby creating a low-frequency turbulence mode of the connected outflow. The baffle 21, which divides the acoustic chamber into two parts, plays the role of a threshold device forming efficient modes of flow and flow decomposition of the structures. Therefore, the most important factors in this process are: the number of holes in the baffle 21, their placement and the distance between this baffle and the end plane 18. The baffle 21 may be in close contact with the end plane 18 and then depending on the hole arrangement therein schema), another mode of efficient disruption of creation flows is formed. In addition, the shape and dynamics of the effective disruption of the article flows, depending on the rheological properties of the product (viscosity, density, etc.), can be formed by changing the surface of the end plane 18 to any surface 19 or 20 different from the end plane 15. The efficiency of heat, mass and energy intensification also depends on the arrangement of the pipes in relation to each other. FIG. 8 illustrates the preferred arrangement of the spout tubes, which include four spout intersection zones 7, the optimum arrangement of the tangential inlets 5 and the product inlet manifolds 16. FIG. 8 shows that 16 different products can be delivered in the most efficient way by supplying them separately to four product manifolds. FIG. Figure 9 shows the arrangement of creation cameras in a single line. Depending on the rheological properties of the product, the device can be made in the form of a casing tube with cascaded casing contours (Fig. 10), with separate tangential inlets to the product or energy carrier (vapor, air or any gas with different energy characteristics). In this case, the interaction of creature streams with different energies further intensifies their excitation and thus produces the required effect. FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a device in which the conduits are made as sections, connected along their axes by or without annular partitions separating them, each section having tangential inlets for the product or energy carrier.

The author's layouts demonstrated good results in producing water-fuel emulsions: fuel oil 70% - water 30%; diesel fuel 60% - water 40%. Efficient combustion, minimal sputtering of products and high stability of emulsions were observed. The use of the given intensification method and the device for its realization enables to intensify the heat, mass and energy metabolism at lower energy and labor costs.

Claims (10)

1. The heat, mass and energy exchange method of acoustic resonance excitation of product flow streams, characterized in that the excitation is effected by passing countercurrent flows through self-interconnecting tubes, and the flow interactions take place in their outer layers at depths which ensure their acoustic the excitation due to the postural deformation of the flows relative to each other, then the excited flows are combined in a common acoustic chamber and the flow is output for use. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it creates additional acoustic excitation in the ducting by providing additional ducting arranged in the ducting. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic tubes create additional acoustic excitation by providing additional tangential inlets of the product or reagent along the tube. 4. A heat, mass, and energy exchange device comprising means for creating a jet stream, comprising two or more jet tubes communicating with one another at their partial intersection, and then connected by a common acoustic chamber. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the outlet end of the creation tubes is made as spatially flat. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the acoustic chamber is provided with a partition with one or more holes between the outlet end of the manifold tubes and the outlet duct. 7. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that cylindrical pushers are provided along the axes of the forming tubes. 8. A device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that axially formed resonators in the form of cylinders are formed along the axes of the creating tubes, with the created channels therein directed at their open part to the inner surface of the energetically active outer layer. 9. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow of the flows to the winding pipes is effected via tangential inlets, two of which, arranged in the intersection of the winding pipes, are directed opposite and pushed in different directions relative to the string plane of the winding pipes. 10. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the manifolds with tangential inlets are made as sections, connected in their extension between themselves along their axes through partitions separating them, and each section has separate tangential inlets for the product or reagent or energy carrier.