KR20180048434A - Passive safety system and nuclear power plant having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a passive safety system. The passive safety system includes an emergency cooling water storage part disposed outside a compartment part and storing cooling water for removing heat transferred in an accident; a thermoelectric element mounted on the outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part and producing electricity by a temperature difference between the outer wall and the outside of the emergency cooling water storage part; and a storage battery connected to the thermoelectric element and storing electricity produced in the thermoelectric element. It is possible to improve the safety of a nuclear power plant.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a passive safety system,

The present invention relates to a passive safety system configured to produce electricity using a thermoelectric element and a nuclear power plant having the same.

Nuclear reactors are divided into active reactors, which use the same power as pumps, and passive reactors, which use force such as gravity or gas pressure, depending on how the safety system is constructed. On the other hand, a separate type reactor (eg, domestic pressurized light water reactor) in which main devices (steam generator, pressurizer, pump impeller, etc.) are installed outside the reactor (eg, domestic pressurized light water reactor) Yes, SMART reactors).

Generally, a containment structure that protects the outside of a reactor vessel (or a reactor coolant system of a separate reactor) is referred to as a containment building (or reactor building) when constructed and constructed using reinforced concrete, (A safety protection container in the case of a small size).

A passive-type nuclear power plant is designed to maintain the nuclear power plant in a safe stop state for at least 72 hours after an accident without assistance of an external power source such as an operator action or an emergency AC power source, by using an emergency storage battery and a passive safety system. In the case of a passive-type nuclear power plant, it is monitored through various measuring devices whether or not the nuclear power plant maintains a safe stop state in the event of an accident. Since these signals are collected in the main control room and the remote station, The power supply must be supplied for more than an hour. Accordingly, a large-capacity emergency storage battery is required in a passive-type nuclear power plant.

In the nuclear industry, the cooling system (or the cooling system of the compartment part) including the integrated reactor is discharged from the various reactors due to the occurrence of the coolant loss or steam tube breakage, In this case, the steam is condensed and the internal air is cooled to lower the pressure, which is widely used as a system for maintaining the integrity of the storage part. In the method used for similar purposes to the cooling system, the system uses a suppression tank (a commercial BWR, CAREM: Argentina, IRIS: Westinghouse, USA) which uses a decompression tank (SW1000: France Pramatom ANP, AHWR: India, SBWR: United States GE), etc., which uses steel containment vessel and cooling (spray and air) external wall (AP1000: Westinghouse of USA) . The heat exchanger of the coin-driven cooling system according to the present invention is mainly a shell and tube type heat exchanger or a condenser (SBWR: American GE Company, etc.), and depends on natural circulation.

On the other hand, in the nuclear industry, the residual heat removal system (supplementary water supply system or passive residual heat removal system) includes heat of the reactor coolant system (sensible heat of the reactor coolant system and residual heat of the core) And is adopted as a system to remove the water.

Among the residual heat removal systems, the fluid circulation method using the natural circulation by the difference of the density of the steam and the water in general is a method of cooling the reactor by directly circulating the primary cooling water of the reactor coolant system (AP1000: Westinghouse, USA) (SMART reactor: domestic) by indirectly cooling the reactor by circulating the secondary cooling water using the steam generator, and a method of directly condensing the primary cooling water into the tank (CAREM: Argentina) is also used have.

Cooling the outside of the heat exchanger (condensation heat exchanger) of the passive residual heat removal system is water-cooled (US AP1000), which is applied in most reactors, and some air-cooled (WWER1000) (IMR: Japan) is used. The heat exchanger of the passive residual heat removal system transfers the heat received from the reactor to the outside (final heat sink) through the emergency cooling tank or the like, and the condensation heat exchanger using the vapor condensation phenomenon Has been adopted.

On the other hand, there are Seebeck effect, Peltier effect (1834) and Thomson effect (1854) on thermoelectric elements related to thermoelectric elements or thermoelectric generators. The Seebeck effect refers to a phenomenon in which an electromotive force is generated and current flows when two types of metals or semiconductors are connected to form a closed circuit and a temperature difference is given between two contacts. This current is referred to as a heat current, and the electromotive force generated between metal wires is referred to as a thermoelectric power. The magnitude of the heat current depends on the type of metal mated and the temperature difference between the two contacts. In addition, the electrical resistance of the metal wire is also involved here. The Peltier effect is opposite to the Seebeck effect, and when the current flows, the opposite phenomenon occurs between the exothermic and endothermic phenomena on both sides. The Thompson effect is a phenomenon where the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect are correlated.

A thermoelectric generator is an energy conversion device that directly converts thermal energy into electric energy, so that when there is a heat source, power can be generated without using any other mechanical driving element. The thermoelectric power generation uses a Seebeck effect in which two different metals are connected to each other and an electromotive force is generated by a temperature difference between both ends. As shown in Fig. A, a current flows due to an absorption / heating phenomenon of the thermoelectric module.

A thermoelectric generator is an energy conversion device that directly converts thermal energy into electric energy, so that when there is a heat source, power can be generated without using any other mechanical driving element. The thermoelectric power generation utilizes the Seebeck effect in which an electromotive force is generated due to a temperature difference between two different metals. As shown in FIG. 6A, the current flows due to the absorption / heating phenomenon of the thermoelectric module.

This thermoelectric power generation technology is a practical technology that can reuse low-grade waste heat as electricity because it can be converted into electricity near the room temperature, and it is being applied to seawater temperature difference power generation and solar heat power generation.

Therefore, a configuration in which a thermoelectric element is applied to the passive safety system to produce electric power through the thermoelectric generator can be considered.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generation system for generating electric power through thermoelectric generation by temperature difference by applying a thermoelectric element to an emergency cooling tank performing a heat sink function of a passive safety system, And to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants.

To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a passive safety system comprising: an emergency cooling water storage unit disposed outside a compartment and configured to store cooling water for removing heat transferred during an accident; A thermoelectric element mounted on an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part and adapted to produce electricity by a temperature difference between the outer wall and the exterior of the emergency cooling water storage part; And a battery connected to the thermoelectric element and configured to store electricity produced by the thermoelectric element.

In the passive safety system, the emergency cooling water storage unit includes a driven-by-bed cooling system for suppressing a rise in pressure inside the compartment and removing heat, and a driven-heat eliminating system for removing residual heat of the reactor coolant system and residual heat of the core Or the like.

The passive safety system may further include a cooling fin mounted on the thermoelectric element and configured to increase a contact area with the outside air of the emergency cooling water storage part.

The emergency cooling water storage part may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular cross section, and the thermoelectric element may be mounted on an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part, which is curved.

The passive safety system may be configured such that at least a part of electricity produced in the thermoelectric device is stored in the battery or supplied to a safety device requiring an operation at an accident.

The passive safety system includes an emergency cooling water storage unit for storing the inside of the emergency cooling water storage unit through an opening communicating with the outside in the emergency cooling water storage unit so as to vaporize the cooling water stored at a relatively low temperature by keeping the inside of the emergency cooling water storage unit at a low pressure Further comprising a steam discharge fan and a motor configured to discharge the steam to the outside, and one of the safety devices may include the steam discharge fan and the motor.

The passive safety system includes: a heat exchanger connected to the emergency cooling water storage unit and configured to remove heat from the emergency cooling water storage unit and to remove heat; And a heat exchanger cooling fan and a motor disposed adjacent to the heat exchanger and configured to circulate air around the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger, wherein one of the safety devices includes the cooling fan and the motor Lt; / RTI >

The passive safety system includes a duct part formed to surround the emergency cooling water storage part and configured to increase a stack effect by a difference in density between inside and outside so as to increase a flow rate of air exchanged with the thermoelectric element .

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emergency cooling system, comprising: an emergency cooling water storage unit disposed outside a compartment and configured to store cooling water for eliminating heat transferred during an accident; A first heat exchanger installed on an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage unit; A second heat exchanger connected to the first heat exchanger for heat exchange; A thermoelectric element mounted on an outer wall of the second heat exchanger and adapted to produce electricity by a temperature difference between the outer wall and the outside of the second heat exchanger; And a battery connected to the thermoelectric device and configured to store electricity generated in the thermoelectric device.

The passive safety system may be circulated by natural circulation between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

The passive safety system can be circulated by a pump installed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

Further, the present invention provides a nuclear power plant including a passive safety system configured to guide a nuclear power plant to a safe state in an accident, wherein the passive safety system is disposed outside the compartment and stores cooling water for removing heat transferred at the time of an accident An emergency cooling water storage unit configured to store the emergency cooling water; A thermoelectric element mounted on an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part and adapted to produce electricity by a temperature difference between the outer wall and the exterior of the emergency cooling water storage part; And a battery connected to the thermoelectric device and configured to store electricity produced in the thermoelectric device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emergency cooling system, comprising: an emergency cooling water storage unit disposed outside the compartment and configured to store cooling water for eliminating heat transferred during an accident; and an emergency cooling water storage unit mounted on an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage unit, And a thermoelectric element configured to produce electricity by a temperature difference between the external atmosphere. As a result, the electricity generated by thermoelectric power generation at the time of the accident can be used to charge the battery, to drive various safety devices constituting the passive safety system, various measuring instruments for accident monitoring, power source for operation of the main control room of nuclear power plants, And can be utilized in various forms.

In addition, it is possible to produce electricity by using a thermoelectric element that operates on the natural principle by temperature difference in the accident of a nuclear power plant, and to reduce the capacity of the battery by converting electric power produced by the thermoelectric power generation into charging the battery.

In addition, by using a power source produced by thermoelectric power generation, the passive safety system can be downsized or a flexible passive safety system can be constructed. In addition, it is possible to reduce the size of the emergency cooling water storage part by removing the residual heat transferred to the emergency cooling water storage part during the operation of the thermoelectric power generation through the thermoelectric element.

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a nuclear accident in the passive safety system shown in FIG. 4A.
5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a nuclear accident in the passive safety system shown in FIG. 5A. FIG.
6A is a conceptual diagram showing a thermoelectric element mounted in the emergency cooling water storage unit shown in FIG.
FIG. 6B is a conceptual view of a thermoelectric element mounted on the emergency cooling water storage unit shown in FIG. 1 in a plan view.
FIG. 6C is a conceptual diagram showing an example in which the duct portion is installed in the emergency cooling water storage portion shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
6D is a conceptual diagram of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
6E is a conceptual diagram of a passive safety system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7A is a conceptual diagram showing a normal operation of a nuclear power plant having the passive safety system shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
7B is a conceptual diagram showing an accident of a nuclear power plant having the passive safety system shown in FIG. 7A.

Hereinafter, a passive safety system according to the present invention and a nuclear power plant having the same will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In other respects, the same or similar reference numerals are given to the same or similar components to those of the previous embodiment, and a duplicate description thereof will be omitted.

In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of related arts will be omitted when it is determined that the gist of the embodiments disclosed herein may be obscured.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. It should be understood that it includes water and alternatives.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6A illustrates a thermoelectric element 120 mounted on the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 shown in FIG. FIG. 6B is a conceptual view of the thermoelectric element 120 mounted on the emergency cooling water storage part 110 shown in FIG. 1 in a plan view, FIG. 6C is a conceptual view showing the emergency cooling water storage part 110 FIG. 7A is a conceptual diagram showing a normal operation state of the nuclear power plant 10 including the passive safety system 100 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 7B is a conceptual view showing a state Fig. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a nuclear accident of a nuclear power station 10 having a passive safety system 100 shown in Fig. 7a. Fig.

Referring to the drawings, the passive safety system 100 includes an emergency cooling water storage unit 110, a thermoelectric element 120, and a battery 130.

The emergency cooling water storage unit 110 is disposed outside the compartment 11 and is configured to store cooling water for removing the heat transferred when the nuclear power plant 10 is in an accident. For example, the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 includes a to-be-poured cooling system for suppressing a rise in the pressure inside the compartment 11 and for removing heat, a sensible heating system for heating the sensible heat of the reactor coolant system 12 and the heat of the core 12a And a passive residual heat removal system configured to remove residual heat. In the inside of the emergency cooling water storage part 110, a driven residual heat eliminating system heat exchanger 101 constituting the driven residual heat eliminating system may be installed. The isolation valve 101a and the check valve 101b may be provided on the connection flow path connected to the driven residual heat removal system heat exchanger 101 so as to be closed when the nuclear reactor 10 is operated normally and to be opened in case of an accident.

On the other hand, the containment structure that protects the outside of the reactor vessel (12, reactor coolant system in the case of the separable reactor) is called the containment building (or reactor building) when it is built and built using reinforced concrete. (A safety protection container in the case of a small size). In the present invention, the containment building, the reactor building, the containment vessel, the safety protection vessel, and the like are collectively referred to as a compartment 11 unless otherwise specified. In addition, the emergency cooling water storage part 110 may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular section as shown in FIG. 6B.

The thermoelectric element 120 is mounted on the outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 and is configured to generate electricity according to a temperature difference between the outer wall and the exterior of the emergency cooling water storage part 110. The outer wall exhibits a high temperature due to the relatively high temperature fluid (H) contained in the emergency cooling water storage part (110). In addition, the thermoelectric elements 120 may be composed of one or more than one. 6A, the passive safety system 100 includes a cooling pin (not shown) mounted on the thermoelectric element 120 and configured to increase the contact area with the outside air of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 120a. In addition, the thermoelectric element 120 may be mounted on the outer wall 110b of the emergency cooling water storage part 110, which is formed as a curved surface, as shown in FIG. 6B.

At least a part of the electricity generated by the thermoelectric element 120 may be stored in the battery 130 or may be supplied to various safety equipments F that require operation in case of an accident of the nuclear power plant 10, 100 or the internal and external power system 140 constituting the nuclear power plant 10. The various safety devices F may be a pump or an instrument of a nuclear power plant 10 safety system or a device of a valve or a main control room of a nuclear power plant 10 and may be configured in a combination of two or more.

1, the electricity E produced by the thermoelectric element 120 includes a thermoelectric element cooling fan disposed adjacent to the thermoelectric element 120 to cool the thermoelectric element 120, (121).

The battery 130 is charged from the internal and external power system 140 at the time of normal operation of the nuclear power plant and connected to the thermoelectric element 120 at the time of an accident so that various safety devices F And stores the remaining electricity (E). The electricity E generated by the thermoelectric element 120 can be transmitted to the battery 130 through the battery charger 131 or according to the configuration.

Meanwhile, the passive safety system 100 may further include a duct unit 160.

6C, the duct 160 is formed so as to surround the emergency cooling water storage part 110 so as to increase the flow rate of the air to be heat-exchanged with the thermoelectric element 120, Can be made to increase the stack effect. The chimney effect means that the air in the chimney is buoyantly increased when the temperature of the inside of the chimney is higher than the outside temperature and the density is low. A circulation fan and a motor 123 configured to increase the flow rate of the air flowing through the duct unit 160 may be installed at the inlet side of the duct unit 160.

With the above configuration, even when the power supply from the inside / outside power system 140 is interrupted at the time of an accident, the capacity of the required battery 130 can be reduced or supplied to the various safety equipments F Thereby reducing the size of the safety device (F) and contributing to improvement of the economic efficiency and safety of the nuclear power plant.

Hereinafter, a passive safety system 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention and a nuclear power plant 10 having the same will be described. In the following description, the same or similar components as those of the passive safety system 100 and the nuclear power station 10 described above will not be described in detail.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a passive safety system 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG.

2, the passive safety system 100 includes an emergency cooling water storage unit 110, a thermoelectric element 120, and a battery 130. The thermoelectric cooling fan 100 and the motor 121 That is, the thermoelectric-element cooling fan and the motor 121, which are disposed adjacent to the thermoelectric element 120 so as to cool the thermoelectric element 120, may not be included.

Referring to FIG. 3, the passive safety system 100 includes a to-be-poured cooling system heat exchanger 102 constituting a pseudo-pneumatic cooling system disposed inside the compartment 11, The emergency cooling water storage unit 110 may be connected to the unit 102. The isolation valves 102a and 102b and the check valve 102c may be installed on the connection channel connected to the to-be-poured cooling system heat exchanger 102 so as to be closed during normal operation of the nuclear power plant 10, .

4A is a conceptual view illustrating a normal operation of the passive safety system 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4B is a schematic view showing a state of a nuclear accident of the passive safety system 100 shown in FIG. Fig.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the passive safety system 100 may further include a steam discharge fan and a motor 141.

The steam discharging fan and the motor 141 are disposed adjacent to the opening 110a communicating with the outside in the emergency cooling water storage part 110. The steam discharging fan and the motor 141 maintain the inside of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 at a low pressure, The steam inside the emergency cooling water storage part 110 may be discharged to the outside so that the stored cooling water is vaporized. Accordingly, by lowering the boiling point of the cooling water stored in the emergency cooling water storage section 110, the performance of the driven residual heat elimination system and the as-dispensed cooling system can be further improved.

5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a normal operation of a passive safety system 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5B is a view illustrating a state of a nuclear accident of the passive safety system 100 shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the passive safety system 100 may further include a heat exchanger 150 and a heat exchanger cooling fan and a motor 142.

The heat exchanger 150 may be connected to the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 and may receive heat from the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 to be removed. A circulation pump 125 may be installed on the circulation flow path between the heat exchanger 150 and the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 to supply the cooling water of the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 to the heat exchanger 150 The circulation pump 125 can be driven by the motor 123 that receives the electricity E produced by the thermoelectric element 120. [ The circulation pump 125 may be provided for circulating the cooling water forcibly to lower the cooling water temperature more efficiently and may not be installed depending on the characteristics required for the nuclear power plant.

The heat exchanger cooling fan and the motor 142 are disposed adjacent to the heat exchanger 150 and may be configured to cool the heat exchanger 150 by circulating air around the heat exchanger. With the above arrangement, the efficiency of the heat exchanger 150 can be increased and the capacity of the heat exchanger 150 can be greatly reduced.

1, the emergency cooling water storage part 110 may be formed in a closed form, unlike the emergency cooling water storage part 110 shown in FIG. 1. The pressure inside the emergency cooling water storage part 110 And an opening / closing part 112 configured to open when the pressure is higher than a preset pressure.

Hereinafter, the operation of the passive safety system 100 will be described with reference to Figs. 5A and 5B, Figs. 7A and 7B.

When the coolant loss accident occurs, the hot coolant is discharged from the reactor coolant system 12 and vaporized by the vapor, so that the pressure inside the chamber 11 rises. When an accident occurs, the isolation valve (not shown) and the main steam system isolation valves 13a and 13b are closed according to the operation signal of the related system, and the isolation valve 101a of the driven residual heat removal system, The passive safety system 100 is operated while the isolation valves 102a and 120b of the equivalent piping cooling system and the isolation valve 15a of the passive safety injection system 15 and the check valve 15b are opened.

The sensible heat of the reactor coolant system 12 and the residual heat of the core 12a are removed by the driven residual heat removal system. Further, safety injection is performed by the passive safety injection system 15 to maintain the water level of the reactor coolant system 12 including the core 12a. Further, the pressure rise of the chamber 11 is suppressed by the to-be-poured cooling system.

More specifically, the air inside the compartment 11 and the vapor (containing the radioactive substance) emitted from the reactor coolant system 12 at the time of the accident are introduced into the to-be-matched cooling system heat exchanger 102 and cooled or condensed. The heat transferred to the to-be-poured cooling system heat exchanger 102 is transferred to the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 by natural circulation. The heat transferred from the reactor coolant system 12 to the secondary side of the steam generator 13 forms steam and is supplied to the driven residual heat eliminating system heat exchanger 101. In the driven residual heat eliminating system heat exchanger 101, And supplies the water to the steam generator (13) again. Heat is transferred to the cooling water of the emergency cooling water storage part (110) through the driven residual heat removal system heat exchanger (101).

Meanwhile, if the passive safety system 100 is provided with a cooling fan, the power of the battery 130 may be used at the initial stage of the accident to speed up the operation time. When the temperature of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 rises and the thermoelectric power generation by the thermoelectric element 120 is performed in earnest, various kinds of cooling fans are driven using electricity produced. The remaining electricity is supplied to the battery 130.

When the heat transferred to the emergency cooling water storage part (110) exceeds the heat removal performance, the opening and closing part (112) is opened and steam is discharged to prevent the emergency cooling water storage part (110) from being damaged by pressure. That is, when the heat removal performance is exceeded, a part of the heat transferred to the emergency cooling water storage part 110 is discharged to the external environment through the steam discharge. The circulation pump 125 of the emergency cooling water storage portion cooling system and the cooling fan and motor 142 and the thermoelectric element cooling fan and the motor 121 are operated to cool the cooling system of the emergency cooling water storage portion 110 and the thermoelectric element 120 increases the cooling performance.

On the other hand, the steam supplied to the to-be-poured cooling system heat exchanger 102 is condensed, and the condensed water is recovered to the cooling water storage portion 16, and the air is cooled and discharged again into the storage portion 11. [ The condensed water recovered into the cooling water storage portion 16 is mixed with the cooling water (boric acid water) of the cooling water storage portion 16 and is discharged to the outside when the pressure of the reactor coolant system 12 is reduced, 11) When the internal pressure reaches a similar equilibrium state, the mixed cooling water is injected into the reactor coolant system 12 by the gravity head. An isolation valve 16a and check valves 16b and 16c may be installed on the flow path between the cooling water storage unit 16 and the reactor coolant system 12. [

As the accident of the nuclear power plant 11 proceeds, the continuous operation of the passive residual heat removal system and the decrease of the residual heat of the reactor reduce the temperature of the reactor coolant system 12 so that the reactor maintains a safe shutdown state. Further, as the temperature of the reactor coolant system 12 decreases, the pressure also decreases, and the flow rate of cooling water (steam) discharged to the compartment 11 also decreases.

FIG. 6D is a conceptual diagram of a passive safety system 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6E is a conceptual diagram of a passive safety system 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

6D, the passive safety system 200 includes an emergency cooling water storage unit 210, a first heat exchanger 220, a second heat exchanger 230, a thermoelectric element 240, and a battery 250 . The emergency cooling water storage unit 210 and the storage battery 250 are similar in structure and effectiveness to the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 and the battery 130 provided in the passive safety system 100 described above.

The first heat exchanger (220) is installed on the outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part (210).

The second heat exchanger (230) is connected to the first heat exchanger (220) for heat exchange. The thermoelectric element 240 is mounted on the outer wall of the second heat exchanger 230 and generates electricity by a temperature difference between the outer wall of the second heat exchanger 230 and the outside of the second heat exchanger 230 .

The passive safety system 200 may further include a duct unit 260 configured to surround the second heat exchanger 230 and the thermoelectric module 240. A circulation fan and a motor 243 configured to increase a flow rate of air flowing through the duct unit 260 may be installed at an inlet side of the duct unit 260.

6D and 6E, the contact area between the emergency cooling water storage part and the thermoelectric element 240 can be increased to provide more thermoelectric elements 240 and the shape of the duct 260 for increasing the chimney effect can be seen It can be easily configured.

Referring to FIG. 6E, unlike the passive safety system 200 shown in FIG. 6D, the first heat exchanger 220 may not be provided. Here, the second heat exchanger 230 may be connected to the emergency cooling water storage unit 210 to be heat-exchanged.

According to the present invention described above, the emergency cooling water storage unit 110 is disposed outside the compartment 11 to store the cooling water for removing the heat transferred in the event of an accident, And a thermoelectric element 120 for producing electricity by a temperature difference between an outer wall of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 and an external atmosphere of the emergency cooling water storage part 110. Accordingly, the electricity E generated by the thermoelectric power generation at the time of the accident can be used for charging the battery, driving various safety devices (F) constituting the passive safety system, various measuring instruments for accident monitoring, And a power supply for operation of the vehicle.

The electric power E generated by the thermoelectric power generator can be supplied to the battery 130 for charging the battery 130. [ The capacity of the battery 130 can be reduced.

In addition, the passive safety system 100 can be downsized or a flexible passive safety system 100 can be constructed by using a power source E produced by thermoelectric power generation. In addition, it is possible to reduce the size of the emergency cooling water storage part 110 by removing the residual heat transferred to the emergency cooling water storage part 110 during the operation of the thermoelectric power generation through the thermoelectric element 120.

In the nuclear power station 10, the passive safety system 100 uses natural forces generated by natural phenomena such as gravity, gas pressure, density difference, and the like, so that it is very limited to construct the system. The passive safety system 100 is excellent in terms of safety because it operates by using a small scale battery power source necessary for opening the valve even when there is no emergency AC power supply or external power supply, The design options are very limited and the driving force is generally very small and the economic viability is likely to decrease. Accordingly, various designs for increasing the safety of the passive safety system 100 can be derived when utilizing the electricity E generated by the thermoelectric generator of the thermoelectric device 120 of the present invention.

For example, if a heat exchanger carries heat between two fluids, the heat transfer coefficients of the two fluids will be different if the two fluids do not have the same fluid and flow conditions. The two fluids have different heat transfer coefficients Thereby increasing the size of the heat exchanger. When the heat transfer coefficient is increased by constructing a forced flow by using a fan or a pump in a flow path having a small heat transfer coefficient or a circulating flow which is difficult to be formed by using the electricity E produced by the present invention, Thereby improving the economical efficiency. On the other hand, when the heat exchanger is downsized, the problems of arrangement and structural load inside and outside the compartment 11 can be greatly alleviated.

100: Passive safety system 110: Emergency cooling water storage unit
120: thermoelectric element 130:
140: Internal and external power system 150: Heat exchanger
160: Duct part

Claims (8)

An emergency cooling water storage portion disposed outside the compartment and configured to store cooling water for removing heat transferred in the event of an accident;
A heat exchanger connected to the emergency cooling water storage unit and configured to remove heat from the emergency cooling water storage unit and remove the heat;
A thermoelectric element mounted on an outer wall of the heat exchanger and adapted to generate electricity by a temperature difference between an outer wall of the heat exchanger and an outside of the heat exchanger; And
And a storage battery connected to the thermoelectric device and configured to store electricity produced in the thermoelectric device. The method according to claim 1,
The emergency cooling water storage unit may be connected to at least one of a sensible heat of the pneumatic cylinder cooling system and a driven residual heat elimination system for removing residual heat of the reactor core coolant system and suppressed pressure rise of the inside of the compartment, And wherein said safety system comprises: The method according to claim 1,
And a cooling fin mounted on the thermoelectric element and configured to increase a contact area of the heat exchanger with the outside air. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein at least a part of the electricity generated by the thermoelectric element is stored in the battery or supplied to a safety device requiring operation at the time of an accident. 5. The method of claim 4,
The steam inside the emergency cooling water storage portion is discharged to the outside through the opening portion communicating with the outside in the emergency cooling water storage portion so that the stored cooling water is vaporized at a relatively low temperature by keeping the inside of the emergency cooling water storage portion at a low pressure Further comprising a steam discharge fan and a motor,
Wherein one of the safety devices comprises the steam discharge fan and a motor. 5. The method of claim 4,
Further comprising a heat exchanger cooling fan and a motor disposed adjacent to the heat exchanger and configured to circulate air around the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger,
Wherein the safety device comprises a cooling fan for the heat exchanger and a motor. The method according to claim 1,
And a duct part formed to surround the emergency cooling water storage part and configured to increase a stack effect by a difference in density between inside and outside in order to increase a flow rate of air to be heat-exchanged with the thermoelectric element. Passive safety system. A nuclear power plant including a passive safety system configured to guide a nuclear power plant to a safe state in an accident,
In the passive safety system,
An emergency cooling water storage portion disposed outside the compartment and configured to store cooling water for removing heat transferred in the event of an accident;
A heat exchanger connected to the emergency cooling water storage unit and configured to remove heat from the emergency cooling water storage unit and remove the heat;
A thermoelectric element mounted on an outer wall of the heat exchanger and adapted to generate electricity by a temperature difference between an outer wall of the heat exchanger and an outside of the heat exchanger; And
And a storage battery connected to the thermoelectric element and configured to store electricity generated from the thermoelectric element.

Images