KR20170139156A - Treatment fittings for treatment of water-soluble suspended fibrous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fitting for a treatment of fibrous material suspended in water in a treatment gap (4) consisting of a base body (5) with treatment elements (6) facing the treatment gap (4) (2,3). ≪ / RTI > In this case, the cost of manufacture will be reduced due to the fact that the treatment elements 6 are at least partially applied as a layered structure of liquid or solid material and thereby undergo a physical or chemical hardening or melting process .

Description

Treatment fittings for treatment of water-soluble suspended fibrous materials

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fitting for a treatment of a fibrous material that is water-suspended in a treatment gap comprising a base body with treatment elements facing the treatment gap .

The present invention also includes a fitting for a treatment of fibrous material that is water-suspended in a treatment gap bounded by two treatment surfaces that are rotated about each other about an axis of rotation and are formed by fittings, The fittings comprise a base body with three elongate treatment elements facing the gap and at least one directional component extending radially, produced by the method according to the invention.

Fittings of this type are intended to be suitable for mechanical treatment of suspended fibrous material. This mainly refers to the refining of paper fibers, the dispersion and deflaking of contaminants and fibers, i.e. the breakdown of agglomerates. Fittings are installed, for example, in refinement machines-so-called purifiers. In the purifiers, the suspension has a solids content of about 2-8%. The deflakers also flow at similar concentrations. In machines for higher concentrations, references are made, for example, to high purifiers, dispersers or kneaders. Internal mechanical treatments can cover the dispersion of the entire fibrous material, and therefore also of the fibers contained therein.

Such machines have at least one rotor and at least one stator with disc-shaped or wedge-shaped surfaces to which the fittings are attached, so that the gaps can be formed between them. Many fittings have webs and grooves on the work surfaces, and for this reason are also referred to as "blade fittings. &Quot; Other fittings have the shape of tooth type rings.

In addition to the shapes of such webs, grooves and toothed portions, it has been found that the material from which the fittings are constructed also consists of a material that has an effect on the processing of the fibrous material.

The fittings are subject to wear and therefore must be replaced at certain intervals. In addition, wear can lead to changing processing action during service life.

Much of the operating costs incurred during the mechanical treatment of fibrous materials in the pulp and paper industries arise from energy costs. Therefore, there have always been attempts to construct and operate fittings and machines used in a manner that does not require an excessively high energy input - measured by the desired success.

Therefore, it is understandable that, for the development of fittings, a considerable amount of effort is spent to reflect the configuration of the features and the choice of materials. To reduce the cost of making fittings, for example in DE 10 2004 016 661 A1, it is proposed to assemble fittings from a plurality of elements and then weld or braze them together.

It is an object of the present invention to extend the configuration freedom of such fittings with an economically acceptable expense.

According to the invention, the object has been achieved in that the treatment elements are at least partly applied as layers of liquid or solid material and undergo a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process. As a result of the application of the layers, the material and shape of the treatment elements can be more simply and more completely adapted to the specific requirements. In each case, the core of the treatment elements is integrally connected to the base body and at least one outer zone, preferably an outer portion of the treatment elements facing the treatment gap, is applied as layers of liquid or solid material, Or undergo a chemical curing or fusing process.

In this manner, the treatment elements may be provided with a wear layer. Here, if the color of the core must be different from the color of the exterior part of the treatment element, conclusions can be drawn about reaching the wear limit through the color change. In addition, reconditioning of the worn fittings is possible by application of a wear layer. The core of the treatment elements not only serves as a connecting element to the base body, but also reduces the required quality and the usually expensive, wear resistant material.

However, if more degrees of freedom are provided to the arrangement and composition of the treatment elements, it is advantageous that the treatment elements are applied as a whole to layers of liquid or solid material and undergo a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process. It also allows the use of universally available base bodies. In this way, cheaper, different materials can be used in the base body, since the materials applied as layers are usually expensive.

Due to the high loading in such machines for purifying, dispersing or defibrating fibrous materials, the material applied as the layers must be in powder form and / or contain one or more metals or metal compounds. Here, it is advantageous if the material applied as a layer is sintered or fused by lasers. The ceramic layers may also be produced in this manner.

In addition, the surface roughness of the treatment element can be influenced by the grain size of the powder.

The manufacturing method according to the present invention makes it possible to select materials according to certain requirements, and for this reason, the treatment elements formed by the upper side and the two side surfaces, which are located between the gaps and directed towards the gap, At least a portion of the surface of the base body, preferably the entirety, should be made of a material different from that of the base body. Thus, the treatment elements can be configured to be highly abrasive with minimal use of expensive materials, such as tungsten carbide.

Due to the generally higher loading of the treatment elements for the base body, at least a plurality of, preferably all, of the treatment elements must be made of a material that is different from the base body material in particular.

By material selection, but especially by application as layers, it is possible to form at least the surfaces of the treatment elements facing the gap in a profiled manner, which improves the fibrillation of the fibers.

This profile on the upper side of the treatment elements is formed by recesses and the recesses are formed by the webs extending between the treatment elements and at the edge of the upper side, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > webs < / RTI >

Due to the high stresses on the profile during rotation of the treatment surfaces and during the treatment of the fibrous material suspension, it is preferred that at least in the case of a rotating treatment surface, preferably in the direction of rotation and on the fixed treatment surface (the other, the rotating treatment surface) Along the side surfaces of the treatment elements facing away from the direction of rotation in the case of the recesses, the webs must have a greater width than the webs extending between the recesses.

Comprehensive protection of the profile, regardless of direction of rotation, ensures that, along both side surfaces of the treatment elements, the webs forming part of the side surfaces have a greater width than the webs extending between the recesses .

With regard to the preferred method of manufacture here, for the sake of simplicity of the preferred method of manufacture, at least the outer region of the treatment elements lying under the profile is fully filled with a suitable material over a thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, It has proven advantageous for the density of this material in the sections located above the recesses to be higher than in the sections above. Thus, this allows a flat application of the powdered material, in particular as a layer over the entire cross section of the treatment element, and the subsequently applied material is concentrated only in the region of the webs, in particular in the region of the webs, ≪ / RTI > Because of the small dimensions of the recesses and webs, in a region which is usually substantially less than 1 mm, this greatly simplifies manufacturing.

If the profile of the treatment elements is worn out as a result of wear, the material is also gradually separated from the recesses or washed out, so that the specific profile depth remains guaranteed over a long operating period. The separated material is not critical to the fibrous material treatment process because it is a small amount of material compared to the amount of treated fiber.

Alternatively or additionally, it may likewise be advantageous if the profile of the webs changes at least partially right angles towards the upper side of the treatment elements. In this way, it is possible to implement recesses beneath the upper side of the treatment elements which are open towards the upper side only by increased wear. Therefore, the permanent closure of the recesses through the fibrous materials or fine particles can be effectively prevented and the stability of the treatment elements can be increased.

Generally, treatment machines for preparing fibrous material have circular or annular treatment surfaces assembled from a plurality of fittings. Here, the advantages of the manufacturing process according to the invention in terms of manufacturability and economics are that the base body has the shape of a circular segment or an annular segment, and the product of the segment angle (in units) and the circular diameter (in units of cm) When it is bigger than 6500, it becomes clear. The manufacturing process according to the present invention allows for larger fittings and thus reduces the number of fittings per treatment area, which improves treatment uniformity. The circular diameter of the base body lies between 35 and 150 cm.

Apart from previous conventional casting of fittings, the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the base body and therefore also to reduce the material requirements and weight of the base body. It has proved to be particularly advantageous that the thickness of the base body is less than the height of the treatment elements and in particular less than 85%, preferably less than 75% of the height of the treatment elements. Considering the thickness of the base body, a locally limited thickness for fixation, for example to a housing, etc., is neglected.

As a result of intentional use of strong abrasion resistant materials, the height of the treatment elements, starting from the base body, can be reduced to the same operating time, which in turn simplifies their application as layers. In addition, the idling power of the machine is reduced and the lower height of the treatment elements is advantageous.

Therefore, the height of the treatment elements should be at least partially, preferably totally less than 5 mm, preferably less than 4 mm.

In order to strengthen the treatment, the manufacturing method according to the invention, apart from the previous conventional casting, allows very narrow treatment elements and likewise short distances between adjacent treatment elements. For this reason, the treatment elements should have a three-elongate cross-sectional shape parallel to the base surface and should have a width at least partially, preferably 0.1 to 5 mm overall, in particular 0.1 to 1 mm overall, and / The distance between the elements should be at least in part, preferably in total 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular 0.1 to 2 mm.

In addition, it is advantageous if the radius of the transition between the base body and the treatment element is less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and the treatment elements can be implemented without any molding draft. This leads to a larger open useful surface, an improved transfer action of the fittings and optimal utilization of the treatment area.

The method according to the invention now also allows undercuts on the treatment elements. Thus, for example, it may be advantageous that at least one of the side surfaces of the treatment elements be inclined with respect to the normal to the direction of rotation of the treatment surface. To create a transfer action with respect to the fibrous material to be treated, in the case of a rotating treatment surface, the side surfaces of the treatment elements facing in the direction of rotation must be inclined in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation with respect to the normal to the direction of rotation.

For optimal arrangement of the treatment elements, it is often advantageous, at least in some sections, that the elongate treatment elements extend non-linearly, i. E., Have curved or curved. With a preferred manufacturing method, this is now also possible with inclined side surfaces.

The invention will be described in more detail below using a number of exemplary embodiments.

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section taken along a tablet arrangement.
Figure 2 shows a top view of the fittings 2, 3 of the tablet arrangement.
Figures 3-6 show cross sections taken along different fittings 2, 3.
Figures 7-9 show plan views of two different treatment elements (6).

In the housing of the tablet arrangement, according to FIG. 1, the tablet gap 4 is formed by a rotating tablet surface about a rotational axis 15 and a stationary tablet surface coupled to the housing. The two annular tablet surfaces (treatment surfaces) extend parallel to each other and the distance therebetween is usually adjustable.

Wherein the rotating tablet surface is moved in the rotational direction by a shaft (16) rotatably mounted on the housing. The shaft 16 is likewise driven by a drive present in the housing.

In the example shown here, the fibrous suspension 1 to be purified reaches the purification gap 4 between the two tablet surfaces via a feed through the center. However, a feed through openings in the fitting is also possible.

The fibrous suspension (1) radially passes through the interacting tablet surfaces towards the outer chamber and leaves the adjacent annular chamber through the discharge. Means (known per se) for generating a force to press two tablet surfaces against each other is not illustrated.

The two tablet surfaces are each formed by a plurality of tablet fittings 2, 3 each in the form of circular segments or annular segments according to Figure 2, each extending over a circumferential segment of the corresponding tablet surface.

In parallel with each other in the circumferential direction, the fittings 2 lead to a fixed tablet surface, and the other fittings 3 cause a rotating tablet surface.

2, the fittings 2, 3 include a plurality of substantially bar-shaped treatment elements 6 extending substantially radially and a base plate 6 with grooves 9 interposed therebetween, (5).

The cross section of the treatment elements 6, also referred to as knives, is generally rectangular, as illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 6, but there are also other shapes. Thus, according to Figures 5a-c, one or both of the side surfaces 18 of the treatment elements 6, which usually extend at approximately right angles to the rotational direction 17 of the tablet surface, (17) or may be inclined in the opposite direction. The conveying action of the tablet gap 4 and thus also the strengthening of the fiber treatment is achieved by means of the treatment elements 6 facing the direction of rotation 17 in the case of a rotating tablet surface, When the side surface 18 of the rotor 17 is inclined in the opposite direction to the rotation direction 17 with respect to the normal to the rotation direction 17, According to figure 5c, both sides of the treatment elements 6 are inclined in the same direction. 5a, in order to reinforce the upper region of the treatment elements 6 due to their high wear, the side surface 18, which is opposite to the direction of rotation 17, Or may extend at right angles to the rotational direction 17, as in Figure 5b. However, the deformation of the slopes of the side surfaces 18 is not limited thereto, but may also be performed according to the intended action, for example in the case of stationary tablet surfaces.

Parallel to the base surface 5, the treatment elements 6 have a truncated cross-sectional shape and the upper side 19 of the treatment elements 6 facing the treatment gap 4 is generally in the shape of a base Extends parallel to the outer surface of the body (5). For purposes of optimization of the arrangement and its operation, the treatment elements 6 are at least on a radial section, often in a non-linear manner, i.e. in a curve, in a waveform, or in a curved configuration, . This is now possible with the following fabrication methods, even for the inclined side surfaces 18 now.

In order to reduce the manufacturing costs of the fittings 2 and 3, only the treatment elements 6 of the fittings are at least partially applied as layers of liquid or solid material, thereby undergoing a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process. This means that the materials can be selected according to specific stresses and requirements. Thus, in particular, the base body 5 can be cast inexpensive metal and have the same shape for the differently configured fittings 2, 3. It is even possible to reuse the base body 5. Since the base body 5 does not experience any increased wear during operation, there are no specific requirements for this wear resistance.

In contrast, the treatment elements 6 undergo increased wear, and for this reason the upper side 19 and the two side surfaces 18, which are formed between the gaps 4 and directed towards the gap 4, At least a part of the surface of the treatment elements 6 formed by the base body 5 is made of a wear-resistant material different from the material of the base body 5.

Due to the extremely high stresses in the machines for the treatment of the fibrous material 1, the application as a layer of ceramic or a powdered material comprising one or more metals or metal compounds is particularly suitable. This material, which is then applied as layers, can be sintered or fused by lasers after each layer.

3 and 5, the arrangement of the treatment elements 6 on the base body 5 can be selected as required.

This is made possible by the fact that all the treatment elements 6 are made entirely of a material different from the material of the base body 5. Thus, the treatment elements 6 may be applied as layers of liquid or solid material as a whole and may undergo a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process.

Alternatively, each of the treatment elements 6 of FIGS. 4 and 6 has a core 7 connected integrally to the base body 5. Therefore, even if the arrangement of the treatment elements 6 is formed in advance, on the other hand, a very strong fixation to the base body 5 is also ensured by the cores 7. Thus, also only the outer zones of the treatment elements 6 are applied as layers of liquid or solid material and undergo a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process.

In Figure 4, this is done only on the top side 19 facing the treatment gap 4, whereas in Figure 4 the entire surface of the treatment elements 6 is created as layers. In this case, for example, tungsten carbide is suitable as an outer wear layer for the layered structure, and the thickness of the wear layer of 1 mm is usually appropriate.

The total wear of the material applied as layers on the top side 19 of the treatment elements 6 facing the gap 4 is reduced due to the fact that the material applied as layers differs from the material of the base body 5, Can be easily detected. This is mainly applied to the treatment elements 6 with the core 7, which is particularly suitable for the reconditioning of the worn treatment elements 6.

To improve the fibrillation of the fibers, at least the top side 19 of the treatment elements 6 facing the gap 4 may be configured to be profiled. This profile includes recesses 20 on the top side 19 substantially and the recesses 20 extend through the webs 21 extending between the recesses 20 and on the top side Is bounded by the webs 22 forming the portion of the side surface 18 of the treatment elements 6, 7 and 9, the recesses 20 are formed by open slots towards the gap 4 and by open honeycombs in FIG. 8, the webs 22 along the side surface 18 of the treatment elements 6 extend between the other webs 21, particularly the recesses 20, because the profile undergoes high stresses. Gt; webs. ≪ / RTI > The reinforced webs 21 are located on the side facing the rotational direction 17 in the case of a rotating tablet surface and on the side facing away from the rotational direction 17 in the case of a fixed tablet surface, Rotating tablet surface).

7, the webs 22 along both side surfaces 18 of the treatment elements 6 have a greater width than the webs 21 extending between the recesses 20 I have.

Wherein the outer zone of the treatment elements 6 located below the profile is completely filled with a suitable material over a thickness of at least 4 mm and in the sections with the webs 21, It is also important that the density of the recesses 20 is higher than the density in the sections with the recesses 20 positioned above. In Fig. 3b this density difference will extend over a substantial portion of the treatment element 6 by way of example, whereas in Fig. 6a it will be found up to the core 7. This simplifies the manufacturing process because the powdered material for the treatment element 6 is no longer applied precisely to the webs 21 and 22 but only to the recesses 5, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 20 < / RTI > Then, however, the sintering of this material following application of each layer is carried out to a maximum extent only in the region of the webs 21, 22 located above in the direction of the gap. While the portion of the material to be fused is relatively hard and wear resistant, the portion of the material that is not treated or slightly treated by the laser is porous. As the wear of the profile increases, the porous material is washed out, which in turn leads to deepening of the recess 20. As a result, the fittings 2, 3 become available for a significantly longer period of time.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment in which the profile of the webs 21,22 changes at right angles towards the upper side 19 of the treatment elements 6. As wear of the profile increases as a result of wear, new recesses 20 are opened. In practical terms, the treatment elements 6 here consist of a plurality of layers arranged on top of one another towards the purification gap 4, and the webs 21 of one layer are made of a layer Shaped recesses 20, as shown in FIG. In this way, the action of the profile can be maintained over a long operating time.

The thickness 11 of the base body 5 may be lower than the height 10 of the treatment elements 6 because the entire fittings 2 and 3 are no longer cast, , 3). ≪ / RTI > This in turn likewise allows the segment angle 8 of the fittings 2 and 3 to be selected to be larger than usual so that the product of the segment angle 8 (in units of degrees) and the circular diameter (in units of cm) , Preferably greater than 6500. Here, the circular diameter of the base body 5 is set at 35 to 150 cm.

For example, the height 10 of the treatment elements 6 is less than 5 mm, the width 12 of the treatment elements 6 is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the distance between the adjacent treatment elements 6 The distance 13 is 0.1 to 2 mm. The new manufacturing method additionally allows smaller radii 14 of less than 0.3 mm at the transition between the base body 5 and the treatment element 6, which is positive for the transfer action.

Claims (21)

A method for producing fittings (2, 3) for the treatment of a fibrous material (1) suspended in water in a treatment gap (4)
Characterized in that the fitting (2, 3) comprises a base body (5) having treatment elements (6) facing the gap (4)
The treatment elements 6 are applied at least in part as layers of liquid or solid material and are subjected to a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). The method according to claim 1,
In each case the core 7 of the treatment elements 6 is integrally connected to the base body 5 and at least one outer zone of the treatment elements 6 Liquid or solid material and undergoes a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). The method according to claim 1,
The treatment elements 6 are generally applied as layers of liquid or solid material and are subjected to a physical or chemical hardening or fusing process,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The material applied as layers is different from the material of the base body 5,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The materials applied as layers are in powder form and preferably comprise one or more metals or metal compounds,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The material applied as layers may be sintered or fused by lasers,
A method for manufacturing a fitting (2, 3). Fittings (2) for treatment of the fibrous material (1) suspended in water in a treatment gap (4) bounded by two treatment surfaces formed by fittings, rotating about each other about an axis of rotation , 3)
Characterized in that the fittings comprise at least one radially extending directional component and at least one elongate treatment element (6) facing the gap (4), produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 And a base body (5)
At least a part of the surface of the treatment elements 6 formed by the upper side 19 and the two side surfaces 18 located between the gaps 4 and directed towards the gap 4, The base body 5 is made of a material different from that of the base body 5,
Fittings (2, 3). 8. The method of claim 7,
A plurality of, preferably all, of said treatment elements (6) are made of a material different from the material of the base body (5)
Fittings (2, 3). 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8,
At least the upper side 19 of the treatment elements 6 facing the gap 4 preferably has a profile formed by the recesses 20 and the recesses 20 are between themselves Which are bounded by webs 21 extending at the edges of the treatment elements 6 and at the edges and also by the webs 22 forming part of the side surface 18 of the treatment elements 6. [
Fittings (2, 3). 10. The method of claim 9,
(18) of the treatment elements (6) facing away from the direction of rotation (17), preferably at least in the case of a rotating treatment surface and in the case of a fixed treatment surface, The webs 22 have a greater width than the webs 21 extending between the recesses 20,
Fittings (2, 3). 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10,
Along the opposite side surfaces 18 of the treatment elements 6 the webs 22 have a greater width than the webs 21 extending between the recesses 20,
Fittings (2, 3). 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,
The outer zone of the treatment elements 6 under the profile is completely filled with a suitable material over a thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 4 mm, and the webs 21, The density of this material in the sections is higher than in the sections where the recesses 20 are located above,
Fittings (2, 3). 13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12,
The profile of the webs (21, 22) varies at least partially at right angles toward the upper side (19) of the treatment elements (6)
Fittings (2, 3). 14. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 13,
The base body 5 has the shape of a circular segment or an annular segment and the product of the segment angle 8 (in units of degrees) and the circular diameter (in units of cm) is greater than 6000, preferably greater than 6500,
Fittings (2, 3). 15. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 14,
The thickness 11 of the base body 5 is lower than the height 10 of the treatment elements 6,
Fittings (2, 3). 16. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
The height 10 of the treatment elements 6 is at least partially, preferably less than 5 mm overall, preferably less than 4 mm,
Fittings (2, 3). 17. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 16,
At least partially, preferably entirely, the elongated treatment elements 6 have a width 12 of 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular 0.1 to 1 mm,
Fittings (2, 3). 18. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 17,
A radius 14 at the transition between the base body 5 and the treatment element 6 is less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.3 mm,
Fittings (2, 3). 19. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 18,
At least one side surface (18) of the treatment elements (6) is inclined with respect to a normal to the rotational direction (17) of the treatment surface,
Fittings (2, 3). 20. The method of claim 19,
In the case of a rotating treatment surface, the side surface 18 of the treatment elements 6 facing the direction of rotation 17 is opposite to the direction of rotation 17 about the normal to the direction of rotation 17 Direction,
Fittings (2, 3). 21. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 20,
In at least some sections, the elongated treatment elements 6 are non-linearly extended,
Fittings (2, 3).

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