KR20170109797A - An Electrochromic Device, Method for Preparing the same and Method for controlling transmittance of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to an electrochromic device. The electrochromic device of the present application has an ion storage layer which simultaneously contains two regions having different atomic% concentration changes of constituent elements.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrochromic device, a method of manufacturing the electrochromic device, and a method of controlling the transmittance of the electrochromic device,

The present application relates to an electrochromic device, a method for manufacturing the electrochromic device, and a method for controlling the transmittance of the electrochromic device.

The electrochromic device refers to a device that utilizes a reversible color change that occurs when an electrochromic material causes an electrochemical oxidation or reduction reaction. Although such an electrochromic device has a disadvantage in that the response speed is slow, it has an advantage that a device having a large area can be manufactured with a small cost and power consumption is lower than anything. Accordingly, electrochromic devices have attracted attention in various fields such as smart windows, smart mirrors, electronic paper, or next generation architectural window materials.

Fig. 1 shows a configuration of a general electrochromic device 100. Fig. 1, an electrochromic device includes a first electrode 110, an electrochromic layer 120 provided on the first electrode, an electrolyte layer 130 provided on the electrochromic layer, An ion storage layer 140 provided on the ion storage layer, and a second electrode 150 provided on the ion storage layer. The electrochromic layer and / or the ion storage layer may include an electrochromic material, and the color may change according to an applied voltage. Although not shown, a transparent substrate formed of glass or polymer resin may be further provided on one surface of the first electrode and / or the second electrode.

Since most of the electrochromic devices having the above-described configuration have the object of maximizing the difference in transmittance during coloring and the difference in transmittance during decolorization, the thickness of the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer can be adjusted to a level That is, the minimum thickness. In addition, the optical characteristics such as the light transmittance of the electrochromic device have mostly depend on the color unique to the electrochromic material which changes according to the redox reaction.

One object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic device having an ion storage layer which simultaneously contains two regions having different atomic% concentrations of constituent elements.

Another object of the present application is to provide a method of controlling the light transmittance of an electrochromic device by providing two regions in the ion storage layer where the atomic% concentration changes of constituent elements are different.

The above and other objects of the present application can be all solved by the present application, which is described in detail below.

In one example, the present application relates to an electrochromic device. The electrochromic device of the present application may include a power source, two electrode layers arranged opposite to each other, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and an ion storage layer.

In one example, the ion storage layer of the electrochromic device of the present application may include both a removable color active region and a removable color inactive region. The detachable color active region and the attaching / detaching color inactive region are physically continuous regions in the ion storage layer which include the same ion storage material as the ion storage layer. However, when the device is colored and decolorized, And the atomic% concentration change of the atomic concentration may be different. The coloring of the electrochromic device in the present application means that the light transmittance of the entire device is reduced by the oxidation or reduction reaction of the electrochromic material, and the decolorization is a phenomenon in which the light transmittance of the entire device is increased as the electrochromic material is reduced or oxidized It can mean something. Oxidation or reduction of the electrochromic material may occur in both the ion storage layer and the electrochromic layer, including the electrochromic material, as described below. Accordingly, it can be said that when the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer are colored at the same time, the light transmittance is low, the device is colored, and conversely, when the light transmittance of the device is high, the device is discolored.

In one example, the ion storage layer of the present application may comprise an oxide of a metallic element as a color-changing material. For example, an oxide of at least one oxide of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe may be contained as a color discoloring substance. In one example, the ion storage layer may comprise an oxidative discoloration substance or a reducing discoloration substance. In this case, the oxidative discoloring substance may mean a substance that is discolored when an oxidation reaction occurs, and the reducing discoloring substance may denote a substance that discolors when a reducing reaction occurs. To oxidative color change materials include Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Cr, an oxide, for example of Mn and _{Fe LiNiO 2, IrO 2, NiO} , V 2 O 5, LixCoO 2, Rh 2 O 3 or CrO ₃ And oxides of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W, such as WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , Ta ₂ O ₅ or TiO ₂ However, the oxides do not limit the discoloring materials of the present application.

As described above, the attaching / detaching color inactive region and the attaching / detaching color inactive region included in the ion storage layer are formed so as to include any one of the listed electrochromic materials and to be physically continuous, so that one ion storage layer Can be configured. In one example, the coloring material contained in the ion storage layer may be formed on the electrode layer by deposition, as described below. For example, a lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO _x ) can be formed on the electrode layer by the DC sputtering method, and the density of the coloring material to be deposited can be 1 g / cm ³ to 8 g / cm ³ .

The attachment / detachment color active region and the attaching / detaching color inactive region may have different atomic% concentration changes of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer when the device is colored and discolored. The ^" atomic% concentration _" in the present application can be measured by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry), and the ^" change _" of the atomic concentration can be calculated at each point of oxidation or reduction of the electrochromic material, Thickness) of the element to be measured. The depth (thickness) at which the atomic% concentration is measured can be ascertained, for example, by converting the etching rate for the ion storage layer having a certain thickness. In addition, the sum of the element contents measured by SIMS can be converged to 100% within the error range.

More specifically, the " attaching / detaching color inactive region " may mean a region where the atomic% concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer is less than 10% when the coloring material contained in the ion storage layer is colored or discolored. The "attachment / detachment color active region" may mean a region where the atomic% concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer is 10% or more, 20% or more, or 30% or more when the device is colored or discolored. The upper limit of the atomic% concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer of the attaching / detaching color active region is not particularly limited, but may be 50% or less. In the present application, the constituent elements of the ion storage layer are inserted into the ion storage layer from the electrolyte layer in accordance with the applied voltage and removed from the ion storage layer in addition to the elements constituting the electrochromic material contained in the ion storage layer, And the like can be considered as a constituent element of the electrolyte. For example, when lithium nickel oxide (LiNiOx) is used as a coloring material for the ion storage layer and the electrolyte layer contains a lithium element (Li ⁺ ) as an electrolyte ion, each element of Li, Ni, As shown in Fig. When the ion storage layer and the electrolyte ion having the above-described structure are used, the ion storage layer can be colored or discolored by the oxidation-reduction reaction of LiNiOx as shown in the following general formula 1. In the process, % Concentration may vary. In addition, the reaction represented by the following general formula (1) can be reversibly reversed according to the polarity of the applied voltage.

[Formula 1]

LiNiO ₂ (Coloration: brown) + Li ⁺ + e ^-? Li ₂ NiO ₂ (Discoloration: colorless)

When the reversible oxidation-reduction reaction as in the above-mentioned general formula 1 occurs, the atomic% concentration of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer is changed, and the concentration change value may be different in the detachable color active region and the attaching / . In one example, the atomic% concentration change of the electrolyte element, for example, lithium ion (Li ⁺ ) inserted in the ion storage layer and released from the ion storage layer, is changed most greatly And the detachable color active region and the attaching / detaching color inactive region can be distinguished by the atomic% concentration change of the electrolyte element.

The detachable color active region may mean a region in which the atomic% concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer ranges from 10% to 50%, or from 15% to 50%. If the concentration of the atomic concentration is less than 10%, the concentration of ions to be released from the ion storage layer or from the ion storage layer is insufficient, so that the change of color or light transmittance of the device is not good. Characteristic, that is, repeat durability is not good.

The detachable color inactive region is a region excluding the detachable color active region in the ion storage layer. When the oxidation or reduction reaction is performed for the detachment color of the colorant contained in the ion storage layer, the concentration change of the ion storage layer constituent element It is a small area. More specifically, the attaching / detaching color inactive region may be a region where the atomic% concentration change of the ion storage layer constituent element is less than 10%. In the conventional case, an electrochromic layer or an ion storage layer is formed only at an optimal thickness, that is, a minimum thickness, capable of electrochemical reaction for device color change during the manufacture of the electrochromic device. However, Further comprising a detachable color inactive area having a different atomic% concentration change from the detachable color active area, as well as a detachable color inactive area that is effectively involved. Accordingly, the present application can additionally ensure a light blocking effect by the attaching / detaching color inactive region in addition to the light blocking ratio of the electrochromic device predicted due to the characteristics of the coloring material.

In one example, as shown in FIG. 2, the attaching and detaching color active area 210 and the attaching and detaching color inactive area 220 may have the same area as the ion storage layer 200. At this time, the detachable color active region may have a thickness ranging from 20% to 70% of the total thickness of the ion storage layer, and the thickness of the ion storage layer outside the range may be occupied by the detachable color inactive region. For example, the removable color inactive region may be formed to have a thickness ranging from 30% to 80% of the entire thickness of the ion storage layer. The 'area' in the present application may mean an area of an object to be recognized such as an electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, or an ion storage layer when the electrochromic device is observed from above the normal direction of the device surface. For example, when the ion storage layer has a thickness in the range of 50 nm to 300 nm, the removable active area having the same area as the ion storage layer may have a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 210 nm. If the thickness of the active region is less than 20% of the thickness of the ion storage layer, the oxidation or reduction reaction for discoloration is not sufficient. If the thickness exceeds 70%, the effect of securing additional light blocking factor by the inactive region is not good.

The ion storage layer of the present application may have a transmittance of 35% to 90% upon decolorization and a transmittance of 5% to 40% upon coloring. In one example, the ion storage layer may have a transmittance of 60% or less, or 40% or less, and a transmittance of 30% or less, or 20% or less of the ion storage layer depending on the thickness of the attaching / ≪ / RTI > Unless otherwise defined, the transmittance in the present application may mean, for example, the transmittance in the range of 350 nm to 750 nm, more specifically in the wavelength range of 550 nm. Since the ion storage layer of the present application further includes a detachable color inactive region, a lower transmittance can be secured than when an ion storage layer containing only a detachable color active region is formed. Accordingly, in the conventional electrochromic device, the transmittance of the entire device converges in the range of 70% to 90%, which is the transmittance of the general electrode upon decolorization. In contrast, the electrochromic device of the present application adds a light blocking effect due to the attaching / The light transmittance can be in the range of 5% to 40%, 5% to 30%, or 5% to 10% at the time of coloring and 40% or more at 50% Or more, 60% or more, or 70% or more. Particularly, the light transmittance of 10% or less at the time of coloring is a numerical value which is difficult to attain in a general device in which the transmittance of the device converges on the electrode layer. However, the present application having the ion storage layer including the attaching / A visible light transmittance in a low range can be realized.

The electrochromic layer may include a coloring material having a coloring property that is complementary to that of the electrochromic material contained in the ion storage layer. The complementary coloring property refers to a case where the types of reactions in which the electrochromic materials are colored are different from each other. For example, when an oxidative discoloration substance is used in the ion storage layer, a reducing discoloring substance is used in the electrochromic layer . The coloring of the electrochromic layer due to the reduction reaction and the coloring of the ion storage layer due to the oxidation reaction can be performed at the same time as the coloring material having the complementary coloring property is contained in the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer, , And in the opposite case, the decoloring of the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer can be simultaneously performed. As a result, coloring and decolorization of the entire device can be performed at the same time. Such coloration and decolorization may be alternated according to the polarity of the voltage applied to the device.

In one example, when an oxidative discoloration material is used in the ion storage layer, the electrochromic layer may include a reducing discoloration material such as tungsten oxide (WO _x ) as an electrochromic material. The method of forming the electrochromic layer including the electrochromic material is not particularly limited and may be performed by, for example, vapor deposition. When WO _x is used as the electrochromic layer forming material, the electrochromic layer is discolored or discolored _by the reversible oxidation-reduction reaction of WO _{x shown by} the following general formula (2).

[Formula 2]

WO ₃ (discoloration: transparent) + xe ^- + xM ⁺ ⇔ M _x WO ₃ (coloration: dark blue)

(Where M ⁺ is an electrolyte ion, H ⁺ , or an ion of an alkali metal such as Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ ).

In one example, the electrochromic layer may have a thickness in the range of 100 nm to 500 nm. In another example, the electrochromic layer may have a transmittance in the range of 70% to 85% at the time of decolorization, and a transmittance in the range of 10% to 40% at the time of coloring.

The electrolyte layer can provide ions involved in the discoloration reaction. The type of the electrolyte used in the electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, and a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte or an inorganic solid electrolyte may be used.

The electrolyte may comprise one or more compounds, for example, compounds comprising H ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ , or Cs ⁺ . In one example, the electrolyte layers are _{LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6} , LiPF _6, or , ≪ / RTI > but are not limited thereto. The ions contained in the electrolyte are inserted into or removed from the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer according to the polarities of the applied voltages, as shown in the general formulas 1 and 2, and are involved in the change of color or light transmittance of the device .

In one example, the electrolyte may further comprise a carbonate compound. Since the carbonate compound has a high dielectric constant, the ion conductivity provided by the lithium salt can be increased. As the carbonate compound, compounds such as propylene carbonate (EC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), or ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) may be used.

In one example, when an inorganic solid electrolyte is used in the electrolyte layer, the electrolyte may comprise LiPON or Ta ₂ O ₅ . The inorganic solid electrolyte may be an electrolyte in which components such as B, S, and W are added to LiPON or Ta ₂ O ₅ .

In one example, the electrolyte layer may have a thickness in the range of 10 [mu] m to 200 [mu] m, and the transmittance of the electrolyte layer to visible light may range from 80% to 95%.

The electrode layer is a structure capable of supplying electric charge to the electrochromic layer and includes any one of transparent conductive oxide, conductive polymer, silver nano wire, metal mesh, or OMO (oxide metal oxide) . In one example, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) ), NTO (Niobium-doped Titanium Oxide), ZnO, Oxide / Metal / Oxide (OMO), or CTO may be used as the electrode material. The electrode layer may have a structure in which two or more of the electrode materials are laminated.

The method of forming the electrode layer is not particularly limited, and any known method may be used without limitation. For example, a thin film electrode layer containing transparent conductive oxide particles can be formed on the glass base layer through a process such as sputtering. The electrode layer thus produced may have a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 400 nm. In one example, the electrode layer may have a transmittance of 70% to 95% with respect to visible light.

A voltage may be applied to the electrode layer through an external circuit. The voltage may be applied by a direct current or an alternating current power source, and the power source device for applying the voltage or the method thereof may be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art. In one example, a voltage ranging from 0.5 V to 10 V, or from 1 V to 5 V may be applied, but is not limited thereto.

In another example, the present application also relates to a method of manufacturing an electrochromic device. The manufacturing method may include the step of providing an ion storage layer on one transparent electrode layer, wherein the ion storage layer has a thickness ranging from 20% to 70% of the total thickness of the ion storage layer, As shown in FIG. In one example, the manufacturing method may further include the step of providing a electrochromic layer on another transparent electrode layer. The concrete structure and physical properties of the ion storage layer are as mentioned above.

In the manufacturing method of the present application, the ion storage layer may be provided so that the ion storage layer further includes a removable color inactive region having a thickness in the range of 30% to 80% of the thickness of the ion storage layer, in addition to the removable color active region . Specific structures and characteristics of the attaching / detaching color active area and the attaching / detaching color inactive area are as described above.

In another example, the method of providing the ion storage layer and the electrochromic layer on each electrode layer is not particularly limited. For example, by using deposition, spin coating, dip coating, screen printing, gravure coating, sol-Gel method, or slot die coating . The deposition can be performed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Examples of the physical vapor deposition method that can be used include a sputtering method, an E-beam evaporation method, a thermal evaporation method, a laser molecular beam epitaxy (L-MBE) method, or a pulsed laser deposition method Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)). Examples of the chemical vapor deposition method include a thermal chemical vapor deposition method, a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, a light chemical vapor deposition method (Light Chemical Vapor Deposition) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition, Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), or Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) But is not limited thereto.

In one example, when the electrochromic material contained in the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer is formed by sputtering deposition, the color material is deposited to have a density ranging from 1 g / cm ³ to 8 g / cm ³ .

In addition to the ion storage layer, the constitution and physical properties of each constitution contained in the electrochromic device are as described above.

In another example, the present application relates to a method of controlling the transmittance of an electrochromic device. The transmittance control method includes the steps of: determining a detachable color active region included in an ion storage layer containing an electrochromic material and having an atomic% concentration change of 10% to 50% of an ion storage layer constituent element; And the ion storage layer may further include an ion storage layer in addition to the detachable color active area so that the ion storage layer further includes a detachable color inactive area having an atomic% concentration change of less than 10% in the ion storage layer constituent element. In one example, the detachable color active region can be determined within a range of 20% to 70% of the entire thickness of the ion storage layer.

The attaching / detaching color inactive area may reduce the transmittance of the ion storage layer or the electrochromic device by the transmittance of the attaching / detaching color inactive area. More specifically, for example, an ion storage layer containing a removable active region having a transmittance of 10% to 40% at the time of coloring and a transmittance of 70% to 90% at the time of decolorization has an atomic% If the transmittance range that the attaching / detaching color inactive area has may be 20% to 50%, for example, the transmittance of the entire ion storage layer or the electrochromic device may be 2% or less at the time of coloring, To 20% in decolorization, and from 14% to 45% in decolorization.

As described above, unlike the prior art in which the optical characteristics of the device, such as the transmittance, depend only on the inherent coloring characteristics of the electrochromic material, two regions having different atomic% concentrations of constituent elements in the ion storage layer are provided at the same time , It is possible to secure an additional light blocking effect and control the transmittance of the device.

The electrochromic device of the present application includes an ion storage layer having a detachable color active area and a detachable color inactive area, and the light transmission characteristic of the device can be controlled through the additional detachable color inactive area.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a general electrochromic device.
Figure 2 schematically shows an ion storage layer according to an example of the present application.

Hereinafter, the present application will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments described below.

Experimental Example  One: Removable color  That contain both active and inactive areas Ion storage layer  Produce

Atomic% measurement of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer : The concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer was measured according to SIMS while applying voltage to the prepared ion storage layer as described below. Specifically, the atomic% concentration of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer was measured according to the depth (thickness) of the ion storage layer while etching the ion storage layer for 2,000 seconds. Then, while applying a voltage, the atomic% concentration change of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer was further measured in the same manner. The atomic% concentration in the coloring of the ion storage layer is shown in the following graph 2, and the atomic% concentration in decoloring of the ion storage layer is shown in the graph 3. Considering that the thickness of the ion storage layer used in Example 1 is 100 nm, the etching rate for 2,000 seconds can be calculated as 0.05 nm / s or 3 nm / min.

Example  One: Ion storage layer  Manufacture of half-cells containing

Using an DC sputtering method, an ion storage layer formed of LiNiOx was provided on the OMO electrode to a thickness of 100 nm.

[Graph 1] Atomic% concentration of constituent elements of the ion storage layer containing LiNiOx

[Graph 2] Atomic% concentration change of constituent elements of ion storage layer during coloring (lithium ion desorption) of LiNiOx

[Graph 3] Atomic% concentration change of constituent elements of ion storage layer during decolorization (insertion of lithium ion) of LiNiOx

From the graph 3, even in the case where the most Li element is present in the ion storage layer due to the decolorization of the ion storage layer, that is, the lithium ion is inserted into the ion storage layer, the maximum depth at which the lithium ion concentration is changed, 800 seconds, that is, about 40 nm. It has been found that when the etching process is performed over 800 seconds, that is, when the thickness is deeper than 40 nm, there is no effective concentration change of the ion storage layer constituent ions. On the other hand, the graphs 1 to 3 show that the Li, Ni, and O concentrations are effectively changed only at a depth lower than 40 nm even when LiNiOx is oxidized or reduced.

Experimental Example  2: Ion storage layer  Comparison of transmittance

Light Transmittance Measurement: A light transmittance of 300 nm or more, in particular, visible light was measured using a UV-vis spectrometer, and the results are shown in the following graph 4. The measured light transmittance is the transmittance at the time of coloring of the ion storage layer.

Example 2: A half-cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the light transmittance was measured at the time of coloring.

Example 3: The light transmittance of the half-cell fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2 was measured, except that the thickness of the ion storage layer was 150 nm.

Comparative Example 1 The light transmittance of the half-cell manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 was measured except that the thickness of the ion storage layer was 50 nm.

[Graph 4]

As shown in the graph 4, the ion storage layers of Examples 2 and 3 including the attaching and detaching color inactive areas can secure an additional light blocking effect by the attaching and detaching color inactive areas, so that the transmittance to visible light is low .

Experimental Example  3: Ion storage layer  Comparison of driving characteristics and transmittance

The same voltage (1 V) was applied to the half cells manufactured in Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, and the current change in the ion storage layer was measured with a Potentiostat equipment. Respectively. The charge amount in Table 1 is a value expressed by a cumulative current value obtained by integrating the current value measured as described above with respect to time.

[Graph 5]

[Table 1]

From the above results, it can be seen that the half-cells of Examples 2 and 3 and the half-cell of Comparative Example 1 which does not include the attaching / detaching color inactive region have similar driving characteristics (cycle characteristics) in relation to the voltage and charge amount. However, since half cells of Examples 2 and 3 can secure an additional light shielding effect by the attaching / detaching color inactive region, it can be confirmed that the transmittance of Comparative Example 1 is lower.

100: electrochromic device
110, 150: electrode
120: electrochromic layer
130: electrolyte layer
140, 200: ion storage layer
210: removable color active area
220: Removable color inactive area

Claims (32)

An electrochromic device comprising a power source, two oppositely disposed electrode layers, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and an ion storage layer, wherein the ion storage layer has a thickness ranging from 20% to 70% An electrochromic device comprising an active region.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ion storage layer further comprises a removable color inactive region having a thickness ranging from 30% to 80% of the thickness of the ion storage layer, Wherein an atomic% concentration change of the layer constituent element is less than 10%.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the detachable color active region has a change in atomic% concentration of an ion storage layer constituent element in a range of 10% to 50% in the coloring and decoloring reaction of the device.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the ion storage layer has a thickness in the range of 50 nm to 300 nm.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the ion storage layer and the electrochromic layer include electrochromic materials complementary to each other.
The electrochromic device according to claim 5, wherein the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer comprises a reducing coloring material, and the reducing coloring material is an oxide of at least one of oxides of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer comprises an oxidative discoloration material, and the oxidative color material is at least one of an oxide of Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Cr, Color-changing element
The ion storage layer according to claim 5, wherein the ion storage layer has a transmittance of 5% to 40% with respect to visible light upon coloring of the color-changing material contained in the ion storage layer, and a transmittance with respect to visible light of 35% % Electrochromic device.
The electrochromic device according to claim 5, wherein the electrochromic layer has a transmittance of visible light in the coloring of the electrochromic layer of 10% to 40%, a transmittance of visible light of 70% Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 85%.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the electrochromic layer has a thickness ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises any one of a liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, and an inorganic solid electrolyte.
12. The electrochromic device of claim 11, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of H ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Rb ⁺ , or Cs ⁺ .
The electrochromic device according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , and LiBF ₄ .
The electrochromic device according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte further comprises at least one of propylene carbonate (EC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylmethyl carbonate .
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a thickness ranging from 10 탆 to 200 탆, and a transmittance to visible light ranges from 80% to 95%.
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluoro-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) A transparent conductive oxide selected from the group consisting of Indium-doped Zinc Oxide (ITO), Niobium-doped Titanium Oxide (NTO), ZnO, Oxide / Metal / Oxide (OMO) and CTO; Ag nanowires; Metal mesh; Or OMO (oxide metal oxide).
17. The electrochromic device according to claim 16, wherein the electrode layer has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 400 nm.
The electrochromic device according to claim 16, wherein a transmittance of the electrode layer to visible light ranges from 70% to 95%.
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the electrochromic device has a transmittance of visible light in a range of 5% to 30% and a transmittance of visible light in a range of 40% to 90%.
The electrochromic device according to claim 19, wherein the electrochromic device has a transmittance of 5% to 10% with respect to visible light in coloring.
And providing an ion storage layer on one transparent electrode layer, wherein the ion storage layer comprises an electrochromic material provided to include a removable active region having a thickness ranging from 20% to 70% of the total thickness of the ion storage layer, / RTI >
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the ion storage layer is further provided with a removable color inactive region having a thickness ranging from 30% to 80% of the thickness of the ion storage layer.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the detachable color active region satisfies the range of 10% to 50% in the atomic% concentration change of the ion storage layer constituent element during the coloring and decoloring reaction of the device, Wherein the atomic% concentration change of the constituent element of the ion storage layer is less than 10% in the decolorization reaction.
The method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to claim 21, further comprising the step of providing an electrochromic layer on another transparent electrode layer.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer comprise an electrochromic material having a coloring property complementary to that of the electrochromic material.
The method of claim 24, wherein the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer is formed by a method selected from the group consisting of deposition, spin coating, dip coating, screen printing, gravure coating, sol- Wherein the electrochromic device is provided by one of a slot die and a slot die.
The method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to claim 26, wherein the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer is provided on an electrode layer by vapor deposition.
The method of claim 27, wherein the production of an electrochromic device deposited electrochromic material is to have a density of 1g / cm ³ to 8g / cm ³ range, respectively contained in the ion storage layer and the electrochromic layer.
Determining a removable color active region in which the electrochromic material is contained in the deposited ion storage layer and the atomic% concentration change of the ion storage layer constituent is in the range of 10% to 50%; And
Wherein the ion storage layer includes an ion storage layer in addition to the detachable color active area so that the ion storage layer further includes a detachable color inactive area having an atomic% concentration change of less than 10% Control method.
The method of controlling the transmittance of an electrochromic device according to claim 29, wherein the attaching and detaching color inactive area reduces the transmittance of the electrochromic device by the transmittance of the attaching and detaching color inactive area.
The method of controlling the transmittance of an electrochromic device according to claim 29, wherein the detachable color active region has a thickness ranging from 20% to 70% of the total thickness of the ion storage layer.
The electrochromic device according to claim 29, wherein the electrochromic material is one or more oxides of oxides of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Cr, .

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