KR20160068687A - 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20160068687A KR20160068687A KR1020150172358A KR20150172358A KR20160068687A KR 20160068687 A KR20160068687 A KR 20160068687A KR 1020150172358 A KR1020150172358 A KR 1020150172358A KR 20150172358 A KR20150172358 A KR 20150172358A KR 20160068687 A KR20160068687 A KR 20160068687A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- active material
- ion conductor
- cathode active
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002084 calcia-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021526 gadolinium-doped ceria Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017812 (ZrO2)1-2x(Sc2O3)x Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[La] Chemical compound [Sr].[La] PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002119 nickel–yttria stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 LSGM Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 14
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017815 (ZrO2)1-2x-z(Sc2O3)x(CeO2)z Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002607 Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910008337 ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 제조예 1에서 제조한 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸을 투과 전자 현미경을 관찰한 사진이다.
도 2는 제조예 1에서 제조한 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸에 대한 X선 회절 분석(XRD) 결과를 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예 2-1 내지 2-6, 및 비교예 2-1 내지 2-3에서 제조한 리튬 이차전지의 용량 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 실시예 2-1 내지 2-6, 및 비교예 2-1 내지 2-3에서 제조한 리튬 이차전지의 사이클 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
| 에칭시간 (초) |
입자 표면으로부터의 거리(nm) | 실시예 1-1 | |
| Y(atom%) | Zr(atom%) | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.8 |
| 30 | 3 | 0.04 | 0.6 |
| 50 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.7 |
| 100 | 10 | 0 | 0.5 |
| 200 | 20 | 0 | 0.2 |
| 300 | 30 | 0 | 0.3 |
| 500 | 50 | 0 | 0.2 |
| 1000 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Claims (27)
- 양극 활물질용 금속의 전구체를 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸과 혼합하여 상기 전구체 표면에 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸을 흡착시키는 단계, 및
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸이 흡착된 전구체를 리튬 원료물질과 혼합한 후 열처리하여, 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자를 포함하고, 상기 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자의 표면 측에 존재하는 리튬 복합금속 산화물이 상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 금속 원소로 도핑된 양극 활물질을 제조하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 지르코니아계 세라믹, 세리아계 세라믹, 란타늄계 세라믹 및 이들의 서멧으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아, 가돌리니아 도핑된 세리아, 란타늄 스트론튬 갈레이트 마그네사이트, 란타늄 스트론튬 망가네이트, 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아, 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아, 및 니켈-이트리아 안정화 지르코니아 서멧으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아, 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아, 가돌리니아 도핑된 세리아, 란타늄 스트론튬 갈레이트 마그네사이트 및 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,
상기 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아는 Zr(1-x)YxO2 -x/2 (0.01≤x≤0.30)인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,
상기 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아는, 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아 총 중량에 대해 CaO를 1몰% 내지 20몰%로 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,
상기 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아는 (ZrO2)1- 2x(Sc2O3)X, (ZrO2)1- 2x(Sc2O3)x -z(Y2O3)z 및 (Zr02)1-2x- z(Sc2O3)x(CeO2)z(0.01≤x≤0.2, 0.01≤z≤0.l)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 비정질인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 수산화물 형태를 갖는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 평균 입경(D50)이 1 nm 내지 100 nm인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸은, 글리콜계 용매 중에 세라믹계 이온전도체 형성용 금속의 전구체를 용해시켜 반응시킨 후, 물을 첨가하여 제조되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 글리콜계 용매는 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 디에틸렌 글리콜, 트리에틸렌 글리콜 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체 형성용 금속의 전구체의 용해 후 물을 첨가하기 전에, 120 ℃ 내지 글리콜계 용매의 비점 이하의 온도에서 열처리하는 공정이 더 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질용 금속의 전구체와 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸의 혼합시, 알루미늄(Al), 니오븀(Nb), 티타늄(Ti), 텅스텐(W), 몰리브덴(Mo), 크롬(Cr), 구리(Cu), 바나듐(V) 및 아연(Zn)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 금속을 포함하는 나노졸이 더 첨가되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질용 금속의 전구체는 Ni, Co 및 Mn를 포함하는 니켈코발트망간의 수산화물인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 열처리는 700 ℃ 내지 950 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 16 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 제조방법에 의해 제조되며,
리튬 복합금속 산화물의 입자를 포함하고,
상기 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자의 표면 측에 존재하는 리튬 복합금속 산화물이 세라믹계 이온전도체의 금속 원소로 도핑된 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 금속원소는 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자의 반직경에 대해 입자 표면에서부터 0% 내지 30%의 거리에 해당하는 영역 내에 분포하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,
상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 금속원소로 도핑된 리튬 복합금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1의 화합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질:
<화학식 1>
ALi1+aNi1-b-cMnbCoc· (1-A)M'sM"vO2
상기 화학식 1에서,
M'는 Y, Zr, La, Sr, Ga, Mg, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Co, Mn 및 Fe로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 2종 이상의 혼합 원소를 포함하며,
M"는 Al, Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cr, Cu, V 및 Zn로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 2종 이상의 혼합 원소를 포함하며, 그리고
0<A<1, 0≤a≤0.33, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.5, 0<s≤0.2, 0≤v≤0.2이다.
- 제 19 항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 1에 있어서, 0≤a≤0.09인 양극 활물질.
- 제 19 항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 1에서, M' 및 M"은 각각 독립적으로 리튬 복합금속 산화물의 입자 표면에서부터 중심으로 갈수록 감소하는 농도구배로 분포하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제 22 항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 23 항에 따른 리튬 이차전지를 단위셀로 포함하는 전지모듈.
- 제 24 항에 따른 전지모듈을 포함하는 전지팩.
- 제 25 항에 있어서,
중대형 디바이스의 전원으로 사용되는 것인 전지팩.
- 제 26 항에 있어서,
상기 중대형 디바이스가 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차 및 전력 저장용 시스템으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 전지팩.
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| US15/531,113 US10340517B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | Positive electrode active material, method for preparing the same and lithium secondary battery including the same |
| PCT/KR2015/013265 WO2016089176A1 (ko) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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| KR20180004672A (ko) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 이차전지용 양극활물질 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018008952A1 (ko) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 이차전지용 양극활물질 |
| KR20180004672A (ko) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 이차전지용 양극활물질 |
| US10637056B2 (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2020-04-28 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Method of preparing positive electrode active material for secondary battery and positive electrode active material for secondary battery prepared thereby |
| WO2018143753A1 (ko) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| CN110915031A (zh) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-03-24 | 日本斯频德制造株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池的正极用浆料的制造方法及其装置 |
| CN110915031B (zh) * | 2017-07-19 | 2023-04-21 | 日本斯频德制造株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池的正极用浆料的制造方法及其装置 |
| WO2023239144A1 (ko) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 양극 활물질 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3229294B1 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
| JP2018502421A (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
| CN107004846A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| US20170271656A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
| US10340517B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
| JP6536918B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 |
| EP3229294A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
| CN107004846B (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
| EP3229294A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
| KR101748963B1 (ko) | 2017-06-19 |
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