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KR20150116789A - Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment - Google Patents

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20150116789A
KR20150116789A KR1020150048811A KR20150048811A KR20150116789A KR 20150116789 A KR20150116789 A KR 20150116789A KR 1020150048811 A KR1020150048811 A KR 1020150048811A KR 20150048811 A KR20150048811 A KR 20150048811A KR 20150116789 A KR20150116789 A KR 20150116789A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
separator
catalytic converter
oxidation catalytic
internal combustion
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KR1020150048811A
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Korean (ko)
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KR102271576B1 (en
Inventor
플라멘 토셰프
안드레아스 되링
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만 디젤 앤 터보 에스이
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0224—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being granular
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    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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    • B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines

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Abstract

내연 기관을 위한 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은, 황산화물들의 화학 흡착을 위한 내연 기관(1)의 하류에 배열되는 칼슘 함유 알갱이들을 포함하는 세퍼레이터(4)를 구비하며, 그리고 SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위해 내연 기관(1)의 하류이자 세퍼레이터(4)의 상류에 배열되는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)를 구비한다. After the exhaust gas for an internal combustion engine processing system 2 it is provided with a separator 4 comprising a calcium-containing pellets which are arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1 for the chemisorption of the sulfur oxides, and the SO 2, SO for 3 oxidation and a downstream and the oxidation catalytic converter 3 which is arranged upstream of the separator (4) of the internal combustion engine (1).

Description

배기 가스 후-처리 시스템 및 배기 가스 후-처리 방법{EXHAUST GAS AFTER-TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE EXHAUST GAS AFTER-TREATMENT}[0001] EXHAUST GAS AFTER-TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE EXHAUST GAS AFTER-TREATMENT [0002]

본 발명은 배기 가스 후처리 시스템에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 나아가 배기 가스 후처리 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment method.

예를 들어 발전소에서 사용되는 고정형 내연 기관들에서의 연소 프로세스 도중에, 그리고 예를 들어 선박에서 사용되는 비고정형 내연 기관들에서의 연소 프로세스에서, SO2 및 SO3 와 같은 황산화물들이 생성되며, 이러한 황산화물들은 전형적으로, 탄, 석탄, 갈탄, 오일 또는 중유와 같은 황 함유 화석 연료들의 연소 도중에 형성된다. 이러한 이유로 인해, 그러한 내연 기관들에, 특히 내연 기관을 떠나는 배기 가스의 탈황을 위해 작용하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템들이 구비된다. During the combustion process in stationary internal combustion engines used in power plants, for example, and in combustion processes in non-stationary internal combustion engines used, for example, in ships, sulfur oxides such as SO 2 and SO 3 are produced, Sulfur oxides are typically formed during the combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels such as coal, coal, lignite, oil or heavy oil. For these reasons, exhaust gas aftertreatment systems are provided for such internal combustion engines, particularly for desulfurization of the exhaust gases leaving the internal combustion engine.

배기 가스를 탈황시키기 위해, 흡수적 방법들이 주로 종래 기술로부터 공지되며, 흡수제로서 생석회(CaO), 소석회(Ca(OH)2) 또는 탄산칼슘(CaCO3)이 주로 사용된다. 프로세스에서, 먼지 또는 알갱이가 형성되며, 황산칼슘 먼지를 배기 가스로부터 제거하기 위해, 필터 장치가 탈황 단계의 하류에 채택되어야만 한다. In order to desulfurize the exhaust gas, absorbent methods are mainly known from the prior art, and calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) or calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is mainly used as the absorbent. In the process, dust or kernels are formed and the filter device must be employed downstream of the desulfurization step to remove calcium sulfate dust from the exhaust gas.

DE 36 03 365 C2 로부터, 질소 산화물 및 먼지를 함유하는 배기 가스의 처리를 위한 방법 및 배기 가스 후처리 시스템이 공지된다. From DE 36 03 365 C2 a method and an exhaust aftertreatment system for the treatment of exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides and dust are known.

부가적으로, 소위 세정기들(scrubber)이 또한, SO2 가 물의 도움으로 배기 가스로부터 제거되는 탈황 단계를 위해 채택될 수 있다. 세정수 내에 함유되는 이산화황은 후속적으로, 예를 들어 NaOH 와 같은 염기(bases)의 도움으로 중화된다. 이러한 중화 이전에, 세정되어 나온 SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화가 대부분의 경우에 부가적으로 실행되며, 이는 더 양호한 분리를 약속하며 그리고, SO3 함께 CaSO4 를 형성하며 그리고 그에 따라 침전될 수 있는, 칼슘 화합물의 사용을 허용하기 때문이다. 이는 통상적으로 저장통(sump) 내로 공기를 불어넣음에 의해 달성될 수 있다(US 4515754 A1 참조). In addition, so-called scrubbers can also be employed for the desulfurization step, in which SO 2 is removed from the exhaust gas with the aid of water. The sulfur dioxide contained in the wash water is subsequently neutralized with the aid of bases, for example NaOH. Prior to this neutralization, the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 , which has been washed out, is additionally carried out in most cases, which promises better dissociation and forms CaSO 4 with SO 3 and can be precipitated accordingly , Allowing the use of calcium compounds. This can typically be accomplished by blowing air into the sump (see US 4515754 A1).

이로 부터 시작하여, 본 발명의 목적은 새로운 유형의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템 및 새로운 유형의 배기 가스 후처리 방법을 창출하는 것에 있다. It is therefore an object of the present invention to create a new type of exhaust gas after-treatment system and a new type of exhaust gas after-treatment method.

이러한 목적은 청구항 1에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템을 통해 해결된다. 본 발명에 따른 내연 기관을 위한 배기 가스 후처리 시스템은 황산화물의 화학 흡착을 위해 내연 기관의 하류에 배열되는 칼슘 함유 알갱이를 구비하는 세퍼레이터 및 SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위해 내연 기관의 하류이자 세퍼레이터의 상류에 배열되는 산화 촉매 컨버터를 포함한다. 세퍼레이터를 사용함에 의해, 배기 가스로부터 황산칼슘 또는 황산나트륨 먼지를 제거하기 위한 필터 장치를 생략하는 것이 가능하다. 이산화황은 세퍼레이터의 칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이와 반응하며 그리고 알갱이들을 통해 방출될 수 있다. SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위한 산화 촉매 컨버터의 사용은, SO3 가 SO2 보다 세퍼레이터의 칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이와 더욱 신속하게 반응하기 때문에, 세퍼레이터 내에서의 배기 가스의 짧은 체류 시간을 가능하게 한다. 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템은 배기 가스의 효과적인 탈황을 가능하게 한다. This object is solved by an exhaust gas after-treatment system according to claim 1. An exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention comprises a separator comprising calcium-containing granules arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine for the chemical adsorption of sulfur oxides, and a separator having an inlet downstream of the internal combustion engine for oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 And an oxidation catalytic converter arranged upstream of the separator. By using the separator, it is possible to omit the filter device for removing calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate dust from the exhaust gas. Sulfur dioxide can react with the calcium or sodium or magnesium containing granules of the separator and be released through the granules. The use of the oxidation catalytic converter for oxidation to SO 3 SO 2 will, due to SO 3 is to more quickly react with the granules containing calcium or sodium or magnesium of the separator than SO 2, the short residence time of the exhaust gas in the separator . The exhaust aftertreatment system according to the present invention enables effective desulfurization of the exhaust gas.

유리한 추가적 개선예에 따르면, 세퍼레이터 내의 알갱이들은, CaO 및/또는 Ca(OH)2 및/또는 CaCO3 및/또는 Na2CO3 및/또는 MgO 를 포함하며, 여기서 알갱이들의 낱알 크기는 1 mm 내지 8 mm 사이이다. 여기서, 세퍼레이터는 특히 이동하는 베드 또는 유동화된 베드(fluidised bed)를 갖는 교차 유동 세퍼레이터로서 설계된다. 이는 배기 가스의 특히 효과적인 탈황을 가능하게 한다. According to an advantageous further improvement, the grains in the separator comprise CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO 3 and / or Na 2 CO 3 and / or MgO, 8 mm. Here, the separator is specifically designed as a moving bed or a cross flow separator with a fluidised bed. This enables a particularly effective desulfurization of the exhaust gas.

유리한 추가적 개선예에 따르면, 배기 가스를 350 ℃ 초과의, 바람직하게 400 ℃ 초과의, 특히 바람직하게 450 ℃ 초과의 온도로 가열하는, 가열 장치가 산화 촉매 컨버터의 상류에 배열된다. 이는 SO2 의 SO3 로의 특히 효과적인 산화 그리고 그에 따라 배기 가스의 효과적인 탈황을 가능하게 한다. According to an advantageous further improvement, a heating device is arranged upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter which heats the exhaust gas above 350 ° C, preferably above 400 ° C, particularly preferably above 450 ° C. This enables a particularly effective oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 and thus effective desulfurization of the exhaust gas.

배기 가스 과급 내연 기관의 경우, 산화 촉매 컨버터는 배기 가스 터보 과급기의 터빈의 상류에 배치되며, 여기서 세퍼레이터는 배기 가스 터보 과급기의 터빈의 하류에 배치된다. 터빈의 상류에 존재하는 비교적 높은 온도 및 압력을 통해, 산화 촉매 컨버터 내에서의 SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화가 촉진된다. In the case of an exhaust gas boost internal combustion engine, the oxidation catalytic converter is disposed upstream of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the separator is disposed downstream of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Through the relatively high temperature and pressure present upstream of the turbine, the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 in the oxidation catalytic converter is promoted.

다른 유리한 추가적 개선예에 따르면, 배기 가스 후처리 시스템은, 산화 촉매 컨버터의 하류에 배열되는, 배기 가스 내로 NH3 전구체 물질(urea: 요소) 또는 가스상의 NH3 를 주입하기 위한 장치를 포함한다. 배기 가스의 탈황은 그에 따라 더욱 개선될 수 있다. According to another advantageous further improved embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment system, NH 3 precursor material into the exhaust gases, arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter: include or device for injecting a gaseous NH 3 (urea element). Desulfurization of the exhaust gas can be further improved accordingly.

본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 방법이 청구항 12에 한정된다. The exhaust gas after-treatment method according to the present invention is defined in claim 12.

본 발명의 바람직한 추가적 개선예들이 종속항들 및 뒤따르는 설명으로부터 달성된다. 본 발명의 예시적인 실시예들은, 이에 국한되는 것은 아니만, 도면의 도움으로 더욱 상세하게 설명된다.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 제1 배기 가스 후처리 시스템의 블록도이며;
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 제2 배기 가스 후처리 시스템의 블록도이고;
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 제3 배기 가스 후처리 시스템의 블록도이며; 그리고
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 제4 배기 가스 후처리 시스템의 블록도이다. Further preferred refinements of the invention are achieved from the dependent claims and the ensuing description. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in greater detail with the aid of the drawings, but not by way of limitation.
1 is a block diagram of a first exhaust gas after-treatment system in accordance with the present invention;
2 is a block diagram of a second exhaust aftertreatment system in accordance with the present invention;
3 is a block diagram of a third exhaust aftertreatment system in accordance with the present invention; And
4 is a block diagram of a fourth exhaust aftertreatment system in accordance with the present invention.

본 발명은, 예를 들어 발전소의 고정형 내연 기관을 위한 또는 선박의 비고정형 내연 기관을 위한 배기 가스 후처리 시스템에 관한 것이다. 배기 가스 후처리 시스템은 특히 중유로 작동되는 선박용 디젤 엔진에 사용된다. The present invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for a stationary internal combustion engine of a power plant or for a non-fixed internal combustion engine of a ship, for example. Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems are especially used in marine diesel engines operating with heavy oil.

도 1은 내연 기관(1)의 하류에 위치하게 되는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)의 제1 예시적 실시예를 도시하며, 여기서 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은, 내연 기관(1)의 하류에 배열되는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)를 포함한다. 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)에서, SO2 는 뒤따르는 반응식에 따라 SO3 로 반응한다. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 2 which is located downstream of an internal combustion engine 1 wherein the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 2 comprises an internal combustion engine 1, And an oxidation catalyst converter 3 arranged downstream. In the oxidation catalytic converter 3, SO 2 reacts with SO 3 according to the following reaction formula.

2SO3 + O2 → 2SO2 2SO 3 + O 2 → 2SO 2

뒤따르는 화학 원소들이 SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위해 산화 촉매 컨버터(3) 내에서 활성 성분들로서 사용된다: V (바나듐) 및/또는 K (칼륨) 및/또는 Na (나트륨) 및/또는 Fe (철) 및/또는 Ce (세륨) 및/또는 Cs (세슘) 및/또는 이러한 원소들의 산화물들.The following chemical elements are used as active ingredients in the oxidation catalytic converter 3 for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 : V (vanadium) and / or K (potassium) and / or Na (sodium) and / or Fe (Iron) and / or Ce (cerium) and / or Cs (cesium) and / or oxides of these elements.

바나듐(V)의 성분은, 5 % 초과, 바람직하게 7 % 초과, 특히 바람직하게 9 % 초과에 이른다. The content of vanadium (V) is above 5%, preferably above 7%, particularly preferably above 9%.

기반 물질로서, 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)는, 바람직하게 WO3 (산화텅스텐)에 의해 안정화된, TiO2 (산화 티타늄) 및/또는 SiO2 (산화규소)를 활용한다. As a base material, the oxidation catalytic converter 3 utilizes TiO 2 (titanium oxide) and / or SiO 2 (silicon oxide), preferably stabilized by WO 3 (tungsten oxide).

부가적으로, 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은, 칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이들을 포함하는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에 배열되는 세퍼레이터(4)를 포함하며, 세퍼레이터(4)는 바람직하게 이동 베드 반응기 또는 유동화된 베드 반응기이다. Additionally, the exhaust aftertreatment system 2 according to the present invention comprises a separator 4 arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3 comprising calcium or sodium or magnesium containing grains, and the separator 4 ) Is preferably a moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor.

칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이들은 바람직하게, CaO 및/또는 Ca(OH)2 및/또는 CaCO3 및/또는 Na2CO2 또는 NaHCO3 , MgO 를 포함한다. 여기서, 황산화물들은 뒤따르는 반응식들에 따라 칼슘 함유 알갱이들과 반응한다.Calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing granules are preferably, including CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO 3 and / or Na 2 CO 2, or NaHCO 3, MgO. Here, the sulfur oxides react with the calcium-containing granules according to the following reaction schemes.

즉, 뒤따르는 반응식들에 따라 Ca(OH)2 에 대해,That is, for Ca (OH) 2 according to the following reaction equations,

Ca(OH)2 + SO2 ↔ CaSO3 + H2OCa (OH) 2 + SO 2 ↔ CaSO 3 + H 2 O

Ca(OH)2 + SO2 + 1/2O2 ↔ CaSO4 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + SO 2 + 1 / 2O 2 ↔ CaSO 4 + H 2 O

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ↔ CaCO3 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2 ↔ CaCO 3 + H 2 O

Ca(OH)2 + SO3 ↔ CaSO4 + H2OCa (OH) 2 + SO 3 ↔ CaSO 4 + H 2 O

그리고 뒤따르는 반응식들에 따라 CaCO3 에 대해,And according to the following reactions, for CaCO 3 ,

CaCO3 + SO2 ↔ CaSO3 + CO2 CaCO 3 + SO 2 ↔ CaSO 3 + CO 2

CaCO3 + SO2 + 1/2O2 ↔ CaSO4 + CO2 CaCO 3 + SO 2 + 1 / 2O 2 ↔ CaSO 4 + CO 2

CaCO3 + SO3 ↔ CaSO4 + CO2CaCO 3 + SO 3 ↔ CaSO 4 + CO2

그리고 뒤따르는 반응식들에 따라 Na2CO3 및 NaHCO3 에 대해,And for Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 according to the following reaction schemes,

Na2CO3 + SO2 ↔ Na2SO3 + CO2 Na 2 CO 3 + SO 2 ↔ Na 2 SO 3 + CO 2

Na2CO3 + SO3 ↔ Na2SO4 + CO2 Na 2 CO 3 + SO 3 ↔ Na 2 SO 4 + CO 2

2NaHCO3 + SO3 ↔ Na2SO4 + CO2 + 2H2O 2NaHCO 3 + SO 3 ↔ Na 2 SO 4 + CO 2 + 2H 2 O

그리고 뒤따르는 반응식들에 따라 MgO 에 대해,And according to the following reaction schemes, for MgO,

MgO + SO2 + O2 → MgSO4 MgO + SO 2 + O 2 - > MgSO 4

MgO + SO3 + 1/2O2 → MgSO4 MgO + SO 3 + 1 / 2O 2 → MgSO4

여기서, SO3 가 SO2 보다 칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이들과 더욱 신속하게 반응한다는 것이 본 발명에 따라 중요하며, 이것이 SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위한 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)가 내연 기관(1)의 하류이자 세퍼레이터(4)의 상류에 배열되는 이유이다. 이 때문에, 탈황 효율이 증가하게 될 수 있다. Here, SO 3 is that is important in accordance with the invention, this is an oxidation catalytic converter (3) for the oxidation of to SO 3 SO 2 that more rapid reaction with the calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing pellets than the SO 2 is the internal combustion engine ( 1 and downstream of the separator 4 and is arranged upstream of the separator 4. Therefore, the desulfurization efficiency can be increased.

바람직하게, SO2의 SO3 로의 산화가, 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에서 배기 가스 내의 모든 황산화물(SOx) 내의 SO3 성분이, 적어도 20 %, 바람직하게 40 % 초과, 특히 바람직하게 60 % 초과에 이르는 방식으로, 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)에서 일어난다. Preferably, the oxidation to SO 3 in SO 2, to all the sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3 is SO 3 component in the (SO x), than at least 20%, preferably 40%, particularly preferably In the oxidation catalytic converter 3, in a manner leading to more than 60%.

세퍼레이터(4) 내에서, 황산화물들은 알갱이들과 함께 황산칼슘 또는 황산나트륨 또는 황산마그네슘으로 반응하며, 이들은 세퍼레이터(4)의 알갱이들과 함께 방출될 수 있다. In the separator 4, the sulfur oxides react with the granules together with calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, which can be released together with the granules of the separator 4.

세퍼레이터(4) 내의 알갱이들의 낱알 크기는 1 mm 내지 8 mm 사이에, 바람직하게 4 mm 내지 8 mm 사이에 이른다. 상기한 바와 같은 알갱이들의 비교적 큰 낱알 크기 때문에, 부가적으로, 중심에 이르기까지 황산화물들과 반응하지 않는 반면, 아직 황산화물과 반응하지 않은 적어도 일부의 성분들이 코어를 이루며, 코어는 이때 황산칼슘 외피에 의해 둘러싸인다. The grain size of the grains in the separator 4 is between 1 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. Because of the relatively large grain size of the grains as described above, additionally, at least some of the components that do not react with the sulfur oxides to the center, yet do not react with the sulfur oxides, form the core, Surrounded by the envelope.

세퍼레이터(4)는 바람직하게, 알갱이들을 통해 이동 베드 또는 유동화된 베드에서 가로챈, 이동 베드 반응기 또는 유동화된 베드 반응기로부터 알갱이들과 함께 배출되는, 황산칼슘을 알갱이들로부터 분리하기 위한 장치를 구비한다. 이 장치는 예를 들어, 드럼 탈피기(drum peeler), 드럼 스크린 또는 분쇄기(mill)일 수 있다. 황산칼슘으로부터 해방된 알갱이들은 이후, 그에 따라 알갱이 회로를 형성하도록 그리고 더욱 효과적으로 알갱이들을 활용하도록, 세퍼레이터(4)로 복귀하게 될 수 있다. The separator 4 preferably comprises an apparatus for separating the calcium sulfate from the granules, which is discharged with the granules from a moving bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor interrupted at the moving bed or fluidized bed through the granules . The apparatus may be, for example, a drum peeler, a drum screen or a mill. The granules released from the calcium sulfate can then be returned to the separator 4 so as to form the granulation circuit and utilize the granules more effectively.

도 2는, 내연 기관(1)이 배기 가스 과급 내연 기관으로서 도시되며, 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)이 따라서 배기 가스 터보 과급기의 터빈(5)을 포함하며, 내연 기관(1)의 떠나는 배기 가스가 기계적 에너지를 추출하기 위해 팽창되는, 본 발명의 버전을 도시한다. 그러한 배기 가스 과급 내연 기관의 경우에, 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)는 배기 가스 유동 방향에서 터빈(5)의 상류에 보이도록 배열되며, 여기서 세퍼레이터(4)는 터빈(5)의 하류에 배열된다. 터빈(5)의 상류에 존재하는 배기 가스 유동 내의 높은 압력 및 온도는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3) 내에서의 SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화를 촉진한다. Figure 2 shows an internal combustion engine 1 as an exhaust gas supercharging internal combustion engine in which the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 2 comprises a turbine 5 of an exhaust gas turbocharger, And the gas is expanded to extract mechanical energy. In the case of such an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine, the oxidation catalytic converter 3 is arranged to appear upstream of the turbine 5 in the exhaust gas flow direction, wherein the separator 4 is arranged downstream of the turbine 5. The high pressure and temperature in the exhaust gas flow upstream of the turbine 5 facilitates the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 in the oxidation catalytic converter 3.

내연 기관을 위한 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)의 추가적인 예시적 실시예가 도 3에 도시되며, 여기서 도 3의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은 도 1의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)과 똑 같이, 산화 촉매 컨버터(3) 및 세퍼레이터(4)를 포함한다. 부가적으로, 도 3의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 상류에 배열되는 가열 장치(6)를 포함하며, 가열 장치는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 상류의 배기 가스를 350 ℃ 초과의, 바람직하게 400 ℃ 초과의, 특히 바람직하게 450 ℃ 초과의 온도로 가열한다. 이는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)에서의 SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화를 촉진한다. A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system 2 according to the present invention for an internal combustion engine is shown in FIG. 3, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system 2 of FIG. 3 comprises an exhaust aftertreatment system 2, the oxidation catalyst converter 3 and the separator 4 are included. In addition, the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 3 includes a heating device 6 arranged upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3, and the heating device is connected to the exhaust gas upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3 Is heated to a temperature of more than 350 DEG C, preferably more than 400 DEG C, particularly preferably more than 450 DEG C. This promotes the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 in the oxidation catalyst converter 3.

내연 기관을 위한 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)의 추가적인 예시적 실시예가 도 4에 도시되며, 여기서 도 4의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은, 도 4의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)과 똑 같이 산화 촉매 컨버터(3), 터빈(5), 세퍼레이터(4)를 그리고 부가적으로 가스상의 NH3 를 배기 가스 내로 주입하기 위한 장치(7)를 포함하며, 여기서 가스상의 NH3 를 배기 가스 내로 주입하기 위한 이러한 장치(7)는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에 배열되어, 따라서 NH3 가 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에서 내연 기관(1)의 배기 가스 내로 주입된다. 프로세스에서, 이러한 장치는, 직접적으로 가스 형태로 배기 가스 유동 내로 NH3 를 주입하기 위해, 또는 예를 들어 요소와 같은 NH3 전구체 물질을 배기 가스 유동 내로 주입하고 이를 배기 가스 유동 내에서 NH3 로 증발시키기 위해 제공된다. 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에서 배기 가스 유동 내로 가스상의 NH3 를 주입하는 것은 따라서, 이 때문에 후속의 탈황 단계가 개선될 수 있다는 이점을 갖는다. A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system 2 according to the present invention for an internal combustion engine is shown in Fig. 4, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system 2 of Fig. 4 comprises an exhaust aftertreatment system 2 and the same as including a device (7) for injecting the gaseous NH 3 into the exhaust gas by the oxidation catalytic converter 3, the turbine 5, a separator 4, and additionally, wherein the gaseous NH 3 is injected into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3 so that NH 3 is injected into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 . In the process, such an apparatus is that the NH 3 precursor material such as, or example, an element for directly injecting NH 3 into the exhaust gas flow in gaseous form to the NH 3 in the injection, and this exhaust gas flows into the exhaust gas flow Evaporation. Injecting gaseous NH 3 into the exhaust gas flow downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 3 therefore has the advantage that the subsequent desulfurization step can be improved.

도 1 내지 도 4의 배기 가스 후처리 시스템들(2)과 더불어, 바람직하게 이동 베드 반응기 또는 유동화된 베드 반응기로서 설계되는 복수-스테이지 세퍼레이터(4)가 황산칼슘 또는 황산나트륨 또는 황산마그네슘의 분리를 개선하기 위해 사용될 수 있으며, 여기서 특히 복수-스테이지 세퍼레이터(4)가 사용될 때, 상이한 낱알 크기의 알갱이들이 세퍼레이터(4)의 개별적인 스테이지들에서 사용된다. In addition to the exhaust gas after-treatment systems 2 of FIGS. 1 to 4, the multi-stage separator 4, which is preferably designed as a moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor, may improve the separation of calcium sulfate or sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate Where different grain size granules are used in the individual stages of the separator 4, especially when the multi-stage separator 4 is used.

바람직하게, 교차 유동 세퍼레이터로서 설계되는 세퍼레이터(4)가 활용된다. Preferably, a separator 4 designed as a cross flow separator is utilized.

본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)은, 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 방법에 의한 배기 가스의 효과적인 탈황을 허용한다. 본 발명에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)의 도움으로 배기 가스를 탈황하기 위해 탈황시키기 위해, 내연 기관을 떠나는 배기 가스가, SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화를 가능하게 하기 위해 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)를 통해 초기에 전달된다. 이에 뒤따라, 배기 가스는 칼슘 함유 알갱이들을 포함하는 세퍼레이터(4)를 통해 전달된다. 설명된 바와 같이, 배기 가스의 탈황은 배기 가스 내로 NH3 를 주입함에 의해 개선될 수 있다. SO2 의 SO3 로의 산화는 높은 배기 가스 온도를 제공하거나 활용함에 의해 개선될 수 있다. 도 1 내지 도 4에 관한 설명들이 참조된다. The exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) according to the present invention permits effective desulfurization of the exhaust gas by the exhaust gas after-treatment method according to the present invention. To desulfurization to desulfurization of the exhaust gas with the aid of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system (2) according to the present invention, the exhaust gases leaving the internal combustion engine, an oxidation catalytic converter (3 to enable the oxidation of SO 2, SO 3 ). ≪ / RTI > Subsequently, the exhaust gas is passed through a separator 4 comprising calcium-containing grains. As described, desulfurization of the exhaust gas can be improved by injecting NH 3 into the exhaust gas. Oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 can be improved by providing or utilizing a high exhaust gas temperature. Reference is made to the description relating to Figs. 1 to 4.

알갱이들의 사용에 부가하여, SO2 산화를 위한 촉매 컨버터의 하류에 배열되는 배기 가스 세정기의 도움에 의한 분리가 또한 방편이다. 이 때문에, 배기 가스 세정기 내에서의 분리 속도는 한편으로, SO3 가 SO2 보다 물에 상당히 더 잘 용해될 수 있기 때문에, 증가되며, 그 결과 분리 성능이 개선될 수 있으며 및/또는 세정기의 크기가 감소하게 될 수 있다. 부가적으로, US 4515754 A1에 설명된 바와 같이, SO2 의 산화를 위한 저장통 내로 공기를 불어넣는 것은 생략될 수 있다. In addition to the use of granules, the separation by the aid of an exhaust gas scrubber arranged downstream of the catalytic converter for SO 2 oxidation is also a convenience. Because of this, the separation rate in the exhaust scrubber is increased on the one hand, because the SO 3 can be much more soluble in water than SO 2 , so that the separation performance can be improved and / or the size of the scrubber Can be reduced. Additionally, blowing air into the reservoir for oxidation of SO 2 , as described in US 4515754 A1, may be omitted.

1: 내연 기관 2: 배기 가스 후처리 시스템
3: 산화 촉매 컨버터 4: 세퍼레이터
5: 터빈 6: 가열 장치
7: 장치1: Internal combustion engine 2: Exhaust gas post-treatment system
3: oxidation catalytic converter 4: separator
5: Turbine 6: Heating device
7: Device

Claims (15)

내연 기관을 위한 배기 가스 후처리 시스템(2)으로서,
내연 기관(1)의 하류에 배열되는 배기 가스 세정기를 갖는, 또는
황산화물의 화학 흡착을 위한 칼슘 또는 나트륨 또는 마그네슘 함유 알갱이들을 포함하는 세퍼레이터(4)를 갖는, 및/또는
SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위한 내연 기관(1)의 하류이자 세퍼레이터(4)의 상류에 배열되는 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)를 갖는 것인, 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.
An exhaust aftertreatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine,
Having an exhaust gas cleaner arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine (1), or
Having a separator (4) comprising calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing grains for the chemical adsorption of sulfur oxides, and / or
And an oxidation catalytic converter (3) arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine (1) for SO 2 to SO 3 and upstream of the separator (4).
제 1항에 있어서,
상기 세퍼레이터(4) 내의 상기 알갱이는 CaO 및/또는 Ca(OH)2 및/또는 CaCO3 및/또는 Na2CO2 및/또는 NaHCO3 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.The method according to claim 1,
The granules are CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO 3 and / or Na 2 CO 2 and / or the exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising a NaHCO 3 in the separator 4. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서,
상기 알갱이들의 낱알 크기는 1 mm 내지 8 mm 사이인 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the grain size of the grains is between 1 mm and 8 mm. 제 1항 내지 제 3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 세퍼레이터(4)는 이동 베드 반응기 또는 유동화된 베드 반응기로서 설계되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Characterized in that the separator (4) is designed as a moving bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. 제 1항 내지 제 4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 세퍼레이터(4)는 교차 유동 세퍼레이터로서 설계되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Characterized in that the separator (4) is designed as a cross flow separator. 제 1항 내지 제 5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 세퍼레이터(4)는 복수 스테이지를 갖도록 설계되며, 상기 세퍼레이터(4)의 개별적인 스테이지 내의 상기 알갱이들의 낱알 크기는 서로 상이한 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Wherein the separator (4) is designed to have a plurality of stages, and the grain sizes of the grains in the individual stages of the separator (4) are different from each other. 제 1항 내지 제 6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 산화 촉매 컨버터 (3)는, SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위한 활성 성분들로서, 바나듐 및/또는 칼륨 및/또는 나트륨 및/또는 철 및/또는 세륨 및/또는 세슘 및/또는 이러한 원소들의 산화물들을 포함하며, 여기서, 상기 산화 촉매 컨버터는, 기반 물질로서, 바람직하게 산화텅스텐에 의해 안정화된, 산화 티타늄 및/또는 산화규소를 활용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The oxidation catalytic converter 3 comprises active components for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 in the form of vanadium and / or potassium and / or sodium and / or iron and / or cerium and / or cesium and / Wherein the oxidation catalytic converter utilizes titanium oxide and / or silicon oxide, preferably stabilized by tungsten oxide, as the base material. 제 1항 내지 제 7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 산화 촉매 컨버터 (3)는, 활성 성분으로서, 5 % 초과의, 바람직하게 7 % 초과의, 특히 바람직하게 9 % 초과의 바나듐 성분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Characterized in that the oxidation catalytic converter (3) comprises, as the active component, a vanadium component of more than 5%, preferably more than 7%, particularly preferably more than 9%. 제 1항 내지 제 8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
배기 가스 과급 내연 기관의 경우, 상기 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)는 배기 가스 터보 과급기의 터빈(5)의 상류에 배치되며, 여기서 상기 세퍼레이터(4)는 상기 배기 가스 터보 과급기의 터빈(5)의 하류에 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
In the case of an exhaust gas supercharging internal combustion engine, the oxidation catalytic converter 3 is disposed upstream of the turbine 5 of the exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the separator 4 is located downstream of the turbine 5 of the exhaust turbocharger And the exhaust gas after-treatment system. 제 1항 내지 제 9항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 상류에, 배기 가스를 350 ℃ 초과의, 바람직하게 400 ℃ 초과의, 특히 바람직하게 450 ℃ 초과의 온도로 가열하는, 가열 장치(6)가 배열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Characterized in that a heating device (6) is arranged upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (3), heating the exhaust gas to a temperature of more than 350 DEG C, preferably more than 400 DEG C, particularly preferably more than 450 DEG C Exhaust gas aftertreatment system. 제 1항 내지 제 10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
산화 촉매 컨버터(3)의 하류에 배열되는, 배기 가스 유동 내로 가스상의 NH3 를 주입하기 위한 장치(7)에 의해 특징지어 지는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
Constructed that the exhaust gas aftertreatment system characterized by an apparatus (7) for injecting the gaseous NH 3 into the exhaust gas flow, is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (3). 제 1항 내지 제 11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
SO2-산화 촉매 컨버터의 하류에서 SO3/SOx- 비율은, 적어도 0.4, 바람직하게 적어도 0.5, 가장 바람직하게 적어도 0.6에 이르는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
The SO 3 / SO x - ratio downstream of the SO 2 -oxidation catalytic converter is at least 0.4, preferably at least 0.5, most preferably at least 0.6. 제 1항 내지 제 12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 알갱이들의 황화층이 제거되며 그리고 상기 알갱이들이 상기 세퍼레이터의 상류에 및/또는 상기 세퍼레이터 내로 복귀하게 되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배기 가스 후처리 시스템.13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
Wherein the sulphide layer of the granules is removed and the granules are returned upstream of the separator and / or into the separator. 내연 기관을 떠나는 배기 가스의 배기 가스 후처리를 위한 방법으로서,
배기 가스가 SO2의 SO3 로의 산화를 위해 산화 촉매 컨버터(3)를 통해 그리고 후속적으로 황산화물들의 화학 흡착을 위한 칼슘 함유 알갱이들을 포함하는 세퍼레이터(4)를 통해 전달되는 것인, 배기 가스 후처리 방법.A method for exhaust gas aftertreatment of an exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine,
Wherein the exhaust gas is passed through an oxidation catalytic converter (3) for oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 and subsequently through a separator (4) containing calcium-containing granules for the chemical adsorption of sulfur oxides Post treatment method. 제 14항에 있어서,
상기 배기 가스 후처리 방법은, 제 1항 내지 제 13항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배기 가스 후처리 시스템의 도움으로 수행되는 것인, 배기 가스 후처리 방법. 15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment method is carried out with the aid of an exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
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