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KR20140019930A - Aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy Download PDF

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KR20140019930A
KR20140019930A KR1020120086043A KR20120086043A KR20140019930A KR 20140019930 A KR20140019930 A KR 20140019930A KR 1020120086043 A KR1020120086043 A KR 1020120086043A KR 20120086043 A KR20120086043 A KR 20120086043A KR 20140019930 A KR20140019930 A KR 20140019930A
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aluminum alloy
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alloy
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aluminum
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이후담
이종국
박훈모
민병호
이경문
최광훈
이태규
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현대자동차주식회사
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

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Abstract

주성분을 Al로 하고, Si : 12~18wt%, Ti : 0.1~3wt%, B : 0.1~1wt%(1은 불포함)를 포함하는 조성으로 구성되어 TiB2 화합물이 형성될 수 있는 알루미늄합금이 소개된다.An aluminum alloy capable of forming a TiB 2 compound is composed of a composition containing Al as its main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, and B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included). do.

Description

알루미늄합금 {ALUMINUM ALLOY}Aluminum alloy {ALUMINUM ALLOY}

본 발명은 알루미늄에 특정 원소를 첨가하여 미세조직을 변화시켜 내마모성을 향상시킨 주조용 알루미늄합금에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for casting in which a specific element is added to aluminum to change the microstructure to improve wear resistance.

알루미늄합금은 알루미늄의 성질을 개량하여 우수한 특성을 발휘한다. 고력(高力) 알루미늄합금은 알루미늄에 구리를 첨가한 것으로 강도가 크며, 두랄루민이 그 대표적인 예이다. 이것에 마그네슘을 첨가하면 초(超)두랄루민, 다시 아연을 첨가한 초초두랄루민은 항공기의 재료로 사용된다. 고력 알루미늄합금은 내식성(耐蝕性)에서 문제점이 있다. 구조용 알루미늄합금은 마그네슘·아연을 가한 것인데 내식성이 우수하며 철도차량·교량 등에 사용된다. 주물용은 규소를 가한 합금을 사용하며, 이 밖에 내열(耐熱)·광휘(光輝) 등 목적에 따라서 다른 금속을 배합하여 사용한다.
Aluminum alloys exhibit excellent properties by improving the properties of aluminum. High-strength aluminum alloy is copper with aluminum, and has a high strength, and duralumin is a representative example. If magnesium is added to this, ultra-duralumin and zinc-added ultra-duralumin are used as aircraft materials. High-strength aluminum alloys have problems in corrosion resistance. Structural aluminum alloy is made of magnesium and zinc. It is excellent in corrosion resistance and is used for railway vehicles and bridges. For casting, a silicon-added alloy is used, and other metals are mixed and used depending on the purpose such as heat resistance and brightness.

그리고 이러한 알루미늄합금을 크게 구별하면, 전신재(展伸材)용과 주조재용이 있다. 전자에는 Al-Cu -Mg계(두랄루민, 초두랄루민), Al-Mn계, Al-Mg-Si계, Al-Mg계, Al- Zn-Mg계(극초두랄루민) 등이 있다. 후자에는 Al-Cu계, Al-Si계(실루민) Al-Cu-Si계(라우탈), Al-Mg계(히드로날륨), Al-Cu-Mg-Si계(Y합금), Al-Si-Cu- Mg-Ni계(로ㆍ엑스합금) 등이 있다.
In addition, the aluminum alloy can be largely divided into a whole body material and a casting material. Examples of the former include Al-Cu-Mg (duralumin, ultraduralumin), Al-Mn, Al-Mg-Si, Al-Mg, and Al-Zn-Mg (ultraduralamine). The latter includes Al-Cu, Al-Si (silamine) Al-Cu-Si (lautal), Al-Mg (hydronallium), Al-Cu-Mg-Si (Y alloy), Al-Si -Cu-Mg-Ni-type (low / ex alloy) etc. are mentioned.

최근 이러한 알루미늄합금들은 P나 Ca 등을 첨가 원소로 사용하여 Si의 미세조직을 개량화해 왔다. 그러나 기존 Al-Si의 공정 조직은 침상조직으로 내마모성은 우수하나 소성 가공 시 크랙이 발생하는 문제가 있다. Recently, these aluminum alloys have improved the microstructure of Si using P or Ca as an additive element. However, the existing Al-Si process structure is acicular structure, but wear resistance is excellent, but there is a problem that cracks occur during plastic processing.

따라서, 이러한 단점을 극복할 수 있는 주조용 알루미늄 소재로서의 알루미늄합금이 필요한 것이다.
Therefore, there is a need for an aluminum alloy as a casting aluminum material that can overcome these disadvantages.

상기의 배경기술로서 설명된 사항들은 본 발명의 배경에 대한 이해 증진을 위한 것 일뿐, 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진자에게 이미 알려진 종래기술에 해당함을 인정하는 것으로 받아들여져서는 안 될 것이다.
The foregoing description of the background art is merely for the purpose of promoting an understanding of the background of the present invention and should not be taken as admission that the conventional art is known to those skilled in the art.

본 발명은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 것으로, 내마모성이 향상된 주조용 알루미늄 소재로서의 알루미늄합금을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.
The present invention has been proposed to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide an aluminum alloy as an aluminum material for casting with improved wear resistance.

상기의 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 알루미늄합금은, 주성분을 Al로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt% (1은 불포함)를 포함하는 조성으로 구성되어 TiB2 화합물이 형성될 수 있다. The aluminum alloy according to the present invention for achieving the above object, the main component is Al, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included) The TiB 2 compound may be formed by the composition to include the TiB 2 compound.

상기 알루미늄합금은 Al을 주성분으로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함), Fe : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Mn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Ni : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Sn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함) 및 기타 불가결한 불순물을 포함하는 조성으로 구성될 수 있다. The aluminum alloy has Al as a main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included), Fe: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) , Mn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Ni: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Sn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) and other indispensable impurities .

상기 Ti : B의 조성 비율은 2.5~3 : 1 일 수 있다.
The composition ratio of Ti: B may be 2.5 to 3: 1.

상술한 바와 같은 구조로 이루어진 알루미늄합금에 따르면, Ti 및 B를 첨가하여 정출상의 미세화 및 구상화를 통해, 알루미늄합금의 내마모성이 보다 향상된다.
According to the aluminum alloy having the structure as described above, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is further improved through the refinement and spheroidization of the crystallized phase by adding Ti and B.

도 1은 Al-12Si 합급의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진.
도 2는 Al-12Si-1B 합금의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진.
도 3은 Al-12Si-2.7Ti 합금의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진.
도 4는 Al-12Si-2.7Ti-1B 합금의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진.
1 is a photograph taken with an optical microscope of a tissue of Al-12Si alloy.
2 is a photograph taken with an optical microscope of the structure of the Al-12Si-1B alloy.
3 is a photograph taken with an optical microscope of the structure of the Al-12Si-2.7Ti alloy.
4 is a photograph taken with an optical microscope of the structure of the Al-12Si-2.7Ti-1B alloy.

이하에서는 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예에 따른 알루미늄합금 및 그 제조방법에 대하여 살펴본다.
Hereinafter, an aluminum alloy according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

본 발명에 따른 알루미늄합금은, 주성분을 Al로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함)를 포함하는 조성으로 구성되어 TiB2 화합물이 형성될 수 있다.
The aluminum alloy according to the present invention is composed of a composition containing Al as the main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, and B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included). 2 compounds may be formed.

한편, 일 실시예로서의 본 발명은 상기 알루미늄합금은 Al을 주성분으로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함), Fe : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Mn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Ni : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Sn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함) 및 기타 불가결한 불순물을 포함하는 조성으로 구성될 수 있다.
On the other hand, the present invention as an embodiment of the aluminum alloy is Al as the main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included), Fe: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Mn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Ni: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Sn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) and other indispensable impurities It may be composed of a composition containing.

본 발명의 알루미늄합금은 Al-Si 합금의 미세조직을 제어하여 내마모성이 향상되는 것을 특징으로 한다. 종래의 Al-12Si의 공정 조직은 침상형태이므로 내마모성은 우수하나 가공 시에 소재에 크랙이 발생된다.
Aluminum alloy of the present invention is characterized in that the wear resistance is improved by controlling the microstructure of the Al-Si alloy. Since the conventional Al-12Si process structure is acicular, it is excellent in abrasion resistance but cracks occur in the material during processing.

크랙 발생을 방지하기 위해 Si의 첨가량을 더 증가시키면 내마모성은 증가하나, Si가 공정점 이상 첨가되면 초정 Si가 많아져서 연성이 떨어지게 된다. 게다가 석출된 Si는 마모성은 우수하나 기지내에서 조대화되게 된다. 또 침상형태는 변하지 않기 때문에 가공을 하거나 변형을 하면 조직이 파괴가 되는 단점은 유지된다. 따라서, 이러한 알루미늄합금의 단점을 보완하기 위해서 Al-Si 조직에 Ti와 B를 첨가하는 것이다.
In order to prevent the occurrence of cracks further increase the addition amount of Si wear resistance, but when the Si is added above the process point, the primary Si increases, the ductility is reduced. In addition, the precipitated Si has excellent abrasion but coarsens in the base. In addition, since the needle shape does not change, the disadvantage that the tissue is destroyed by processing or deformation is maintained. Therefore, in order to compensate for the disadvantages of the aluminum alloy, Ti and B are added to the Al-Si structure.

Si의 범위는 12~18 wt% 로 정하며, 내마모성 향상이 목적이기 때문에 Si의 양을 최소 12 wt% 로 하며, 주조성을 감안하여 최대양은 18 wt% 이하로 제한한다. Ti의 범위는 0.1~3 wt% 로 하며, Ti 첨가 시에는 주조성이 떨어지며, 첨가로 인한 불순물이 다량 생기기 때문에 그 양을 최소화한다. B의 범위는 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함) 로 하며, 1.5 wt% 이상일 경우에는 B의 산화 반응으로 인하여 용탕 청정도가 저해된다. 그 밖의 Fe : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Mn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Ni : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Sn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함) 로 제한하고, 그 외 기타 불가결한 불순물을 포함하는 조성으로 구성될 수 있다.
The range of Si is set at 12 to 18 wt%, and the amount of Si is at least 12 wt% for the purpose of improving wear resistance, and the maximum amount is limited to 18 wt% or less in view of castability. The Ti is in the range of 0.1 to 3 wt%, and the castability is inferior when Ti is added, and the amount is minimized because a large amount of impurities are generated. The range of B is 0.1 to 1 wt% (1 is not included), and when it is 1.5 wt% or more, the purity of molten metal is impaired due to the oxidation reaction of B. Other Fe: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Mn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Ni: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Sn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) It may be limited, and may be composed of a composition containing other indispensable impurities.

상기 Ti : B의 조성 비율은 2.5~3 : 1 일 수 있다. Ti와 B를 2.5~3 : 1 로 넣어 TiB2를 극대화시킬 수 있다. 도 1은 Al-12Si 합금의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진으로, 침상형태의 모습을 볼 수 있다. 도 2와 는 도 1의 합금에 1의 비율로 B를 첨가한 사진이고, 도 3은 도 1의 합금에 2.7의 비율로 Ti를 첨가한 사진이다. 도 2와 도 3에서 보듯이, Ti와 B를 각각 첨가했을 때는, 미세조직이 침상형태가 그대로 남아 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 4는 Al-12Si-2.7Ti-1B 합금의 조직을 광학 현미경으로 촬영한 사진으로 도 1에 Ti와 B를 2.7 : 1의 비율로 첨가한 것이다. Si 조직이 침상에서 구상으로 변했으며, 간격이 치밀해진 것을 볼 수 있다.
The composition ratio of Ti: B may be 2.5 to 3: 1. Ti and B can be added 2.5 ~ 3: 1 to maximize TiB 2 . 1 is a photograph taken of the structure of the Al-12Si alloy with an optical microscope, the shape of the needle can be seen. 2 and 2 are photographs in which B is added to the alloy of FIG. 1 at a ratio of 1. FIG. 3 is a photograph of Ti added to the alloy of FIG. 1 at a ratio of 2.7. 2 and 3, when Ti and B are added, it can be seen that the needle-like microstructure remains as it is. 4 is an optical microscope photograph of the structure of the Al-12Si-2.7Ti-1B alloy, in which Ti and B are added at a ratio of 2.7: 1 in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the Si structure has changed from needle bed to spherical shape, and the gap is tight.

상기한 바와 같이, Ti와 B를 각각 첨가하면, 단순 정출물이 증가하여 마모성이 오히려 높아지고, 미세조직에는 큰 변화가 없다. 그러나 Ti와 B를 상기한 비율로 첨가하면, 조직의 형태가 침상에서 구상으로 변화하고, 조직의 간격 역시 치밀하게 된다. 또한, 미세조직이 개량화되고, 정출상이 미세화되고, 구상화되어 내마모성이 상당히 증가한다. 특히 Ti : B의 조성 비율이 상기한 바와 같이 2.5~3 : 1 일 때, 공정 Si의 크기가 수십 ㎛ ~ 수백 ㎛ 였던 것이 수 ㎛ 로 미세화되어, 내마모성이 증가하고, 마모도 역시 향상된다.
As described above, the addition of Ti and B, respectively, increases the simple crystallization, which leads to a higher wear, and there is no significant change in the microstructure. However, when Ti and B are added at the above ratios, the shape of the tissue changes from needle bed to spherical shape, and the space between the tissues becomes dense. In addition, the microstructure is improved, the crystallized phase is refined, and spheroidized to significantly increase the wear resistance. In particular, when the composition ratio of Ti: B is 2.5 to 3: 1 as described above, the size of the process Si is tens of micrometers to several hundreds of micrometers, and it becomes fine to several micrometers, and abrasion resistance increases and wear also improves.

Claims (3)

주성분을 Al로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함)를 포함하는 조성으로 구성되어 TiB2 화합물이 형성된 알루미늄합금.An aluminum alloy having a TiB 2 compound formed of a composition containing Al as a main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, and B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included). 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 알루미늄합금은 Al을 주성분으로 하고, Si : 12~18 wt%, Ti : 0.1~3 wt%, B : 0.1~1 wt%(1은 불포함), Fe : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Mn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Ni : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함), Sn : 0.5 wt% 이하(0은 불포함) 및 기타 불가결한 불순물을 포함하는 조성으로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 알루미늄합금.
The method according to claim 1,
The aluminum alloy has Al as a main component, Si: 12-18 wt%, Ti: 0.1-3 wt%, B: 0.1-1 wt% (1 is not included), Fe: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) , Mn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Ni: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included), Sn: 0.5 wt% or less (0 is not included) and other indispensable impurities Aluminum alloy.
청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 Ti : B의 조성 비율은 2.5~3 : 1인 것을 특징으로 하는 알루미늄합금.




The method according to claim 1,
The composition ratio of Ti: B is aluminum alloy, characterized in that 2.5 to 3: 1.




KR1020120086043A 2012-08-07 2012-08-07 Aluminum alloy Ceased KR20140019930A (en)

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CN111270111A (en) * 2020-04-01 2020-06-12 湖南理工学院 Aluminum-silicon alloy containing Ti and B and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111270111A (en) * 2020-04-01 2020-06-12 湖南理工学院 Aluminum-silicon alloy containing Ti and B and preparation method thereof

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