KR20120081840A - Extruded pellet feed composition for flatfish - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a moor meal EP feed composition for flounder not using fish meal, 15 to 20 parts by weight of fish meat by-products, 20 to 40 parts by weight, 5 to 10 parts by weight of krill, based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition. Soybean meal, 8 to 15 parts by weight, fish oil 5 to 8 parts by weight, squid liver powder 5 to 10 parts by weight, wheat flour 12 to 18 parts by weight, corn gluten 5 parts by weight, additives 8 parts by weight or less The cost is reduced and the nutrients necessary for the flounder growth are sufficiently supplied to show the same growth rate as the conventional fish meal, and provides a lean fish feed EP feed composition for the flounder that can reduce the excretion of protein and phosphorus.

Description

Extruded pellet feed composition for flatfish

The present invention relates to an EP fish feed composition for halibut, more specifically, the cost is reduced without using fish meal, while sufficient nutrients necessary for the halibut growth are supplied and show the same growth rate as the conventional fish meal, protein and phosphorus The amount of excretion relates to the Moorish EP feed composition for flounder which can be reduced.

Flounder belongs to the flounder flounder family and is a carnivorous fish with a length of about 45cm, and is distributed in temperate waters such as the Korean Offshore, South Japan, South China Sea, and the East China Sea. This flounder has been artificially farmed since 1990, and has emerged as an important aquaculture species with the fastest growth and high feed efficiency among marine fish.

This type of flounder is currently farmed using raw fish based moist pellets (MP). Wet feed is mixed and pulverized to include 80 ~ 90% by weight, 10 ~ 20% by weight of powdered feed to the whole feed, it is formed into pellets frozen frozen, the growth rate is good.

However, these wet feeds are easily collapsed at rapid feeding rate and the water penetrates quickly and easily sinks, resulting in a high loss of 20 to 30%. It is working. In addition, there is a problem that the frequent occurrence and mortality of fish diseases caused by nutrient imbalance increases, and the unstable supply of fish caught due to the depletion of fish stocks and the fluctuation of price resulting therefrom, and the storage, manufacture, and restoring of fish There was a problem that entails enormous costs.

Recently, an EP feed (extruded pellet) of a form which is extruded and dried in a certain form has been produced. However, these EP feeds have the disadvantage of slow growth rate compared to wet feeds due to their hard physical properties, as well as ingestion and digestive disorders.The feed cost is expensive because the content of expensive fish meal is very high (60-70% by weight). However, the problem of high water pollution remains.

Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of expensive fish meal to lower feed costs and minimize water pollution. In addition, the feed cost should be lowered as described above, and sufficient nutrients necessary for growth in the feed should be included to smoothly grow the flounder so that the fish quality can be equalized. Among the various nutrients required for fish growth, protein is an essential nutrient for growth, but it is necessary to develop a feed containing enough protein so that the protein / energy ratio does not affect the flounder growth.

The present invention is to solve the above problems,

While the excretion of protein and phosphorus, which is a source of water pollution, minimizes the amount of nutrients necessary for the growth of the flounder, and does not use fishmeal to provide a moorish EP feed composition for flounder that can be reduced in cost.

Another object of the present invention is to increase the intake rate of feed and to meet the insufficient nutrition.

Still another object of the present invention is to supply sufficient protein and energy to facilitate growth.

The present invention to achieve the above object,

15 to 20 parts by weight of fish by-products, 20 to 40 parts by weight of meat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of krill, 8 to 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 to 8 parts by weight of fish oil, liver squid powder 5 It provides ˜10 parts by weight, wheat flour 12-18 parts by weight, corn gluten 5 parts by weight or less, additives 8 parts by weight or less for halibut flour EP feed composition comprising.

In addition, the additive is characterized in that one or more selected from attractants, vitamins, phosphate, minerals.

In addition, the mineral material is NaCl, MgSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, NaH ₂ PO ₄ ~ 2H ₂ O, KH ₂ PO ₄ , CaH ₄ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ~ H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, CuCl ₂ At least one compound selected from AlCl ₃ -6H ₂ O, KIO ₃ , MnSO ₄ -H ₂ O, ferric citrate and calcium lactate.

In addition, the EP feed composition is characterized in that the ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy is maintained 26 ~ 29g DP / MJ DE.

As described above, since the use of expensive fish meal for the flounder according to the present invention does not use any expensive fish meal at all, it is possible to reduce the cost of feed and at the same time have sufficient nutritional ingredients necessary for the flounder growth. In the case of flounder, the survival rate and growth rate are the same as or better than that of the conventional fish meal, while minimizing the excretion of protein and phosphorus that may cause water pollution.

In addition, the addition of attractants, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, water-soluble vitamins choline, phospholipids, or minerals can increase the intake of feed to eliminate digestive disorders, and to satisfy skeletal nutrients to improve skeletal growth. By activating the digestive tract has an effect that further activates the flounder growth.

In addition, by maintaining an appropriate ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy, essential nutrients are supplied at an appropriate level, so that the flounder grows smoothly, and prevents excessive accumulation of fat in the fish body to equalize the value as food. It has the effect of preventing the excretion of water by preventing nitrogen excretion.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the present invention, it is possible to supply essential nutrients including enough protein necessary for the growth of the flounder without lowering the price of fish meal at all while maintaining the growth rate and minimizing the excretion of protein and phosphorus causing water pollution. The present invention relates to a moorish EP feed composition for flounder.

The EP feed composition of the present invention includes fish meat by-products, meat powder, krill powder, soybean meal, fish oil, squid liver powder, wheat flour, corn gluten, and additives. Can be produced by drying and cooling.

More specifically, the EP feed composition is 15 to 20 parts by weight of fish by-products, 20 to 40 parts by weight, 5 to 10 parts by weight of krill, 5 to 10 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 to 15 parts by weight of fish oil, based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition. ~ 8 parts by weight, squid liver powder 5 to 10 parts by weight, wheat flour 12 to 18 parts by weight, corn gluten is characterized in that it comprises 5 parts by weight or less, additives 8 parts by weight or less.

More specifically, fish hydrolysate is a product in which the head, intestines, bones, cartilage, and epidermis of fish, except for human intake, are hydrolyzed by the involvement of water and enzymes. Through the action of enzymes, protein molecules are broken down into peptides and amino acids. These by-products have aroma and flavor not found in the original protein, and have an excellent effect in terms of amino acid composition and utilization.

In addition, when the fish meat by-product is added in less than 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, the flavor and flavor of the feed is not rich, palatability is lowered, amino acid imbalance and its utilization rate is lowered to cause malnutrition Can be. On the contrary, if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, the feed cost is increased and economic efficiency is lowered.

The meat meal is used for protein supply, which is degreased, dried and pulverized by putting a tissue from a mammalian slaughter process into a steam jacketed drum and treating it with a dry heat method. It is.

When such a meat meal is included in less than 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, nutritional deficiency may occur due to insufficient supply of proteins necessary for the flounder growth, if contained in excess of 40 parts by weight, amino acid imbalance Degraded growth and increased protein excretion can cause water pollution.

The krill meal (krill meal) is included to improve the weight gain and feed efficiency, if the krill content is less than 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition is essential amino acids and vitamins such as lysine (lysine) It may be difficult to supply enough and the flounder's weight gain and feed efficiency may not improve. In addition, when the krill powder is included in excess of 10 parts by weight, only the cost is increased without increasing the effect of containing a large amount, it is difficult to achieve the cost reduction effect to be achieved in the present invention.

The soybean meal has the advantage that the amino acid composition is good and quantitatively produced as a vegetable protein source having an average protein content of 44% as a by-product of crushing soybeans and extracting oil with hexane. If soybean meal is contained in less than 8 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, nutritional deficiency may occur due to lack of protein source, and when included in excess of 15 parts by weight, feed intake is reduced due to amino acid imbalance and reduced palatability The flounder's growth may be delayed.

The fish oil is included to supply essential fatty acids and energy, and contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA), even in the EP feed composition of the present invention does not use fish meal, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids as in the conventional feed composition This polyunsaturated fatty acid serves to improve the fluidity and enzyme activity of the biological membrane. Such fish oil is oil obtained by boiling and compressing fat-rich meat such as sardines, herring and mackerel, shark liver oil, pollack liver oil, whale oil, squid oil, anchovy oil and the like.

In this case, when the fish oil is included in less than 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, it is difficult to maintain the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the same ratio as in the prior art may not improve the fluidity of the cells and lower the vitality of the digestive tract When included in excess of 8 parts by weight, excessive accumulation of essential fatty acids may cause growth disorders and the like, and the value of the product may be lowered.

The squid liver powder (squid liver powder) is to supply a fatty acid and phospholipids with fish oil at the same time to supply a protein, preferably 5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, this range If you do, nutrients may be biased.

The wheat flour is a carbohydrate source that serves as a binder for the energy supply and pellet formation of the feed composition for the flounder growth, when the wheat flour is included in less than 12 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition, the lack of carbohydrate source As it does not provide enough energy for growth, it interferes with growth, and it is difficult to form feeds because each component does not bind to each other. In addition, when the wheat flour is included in excess of 18 parts by weight, an excessive supply of wheat flour causes an imbalance with other nutrients, and the feed is not dispersed well, which may cause digestive disorders.

The corn gluten is a vegetable protein source, it can be used to supplement the amino acids insufficient by the use of wheat flour, or to increase the content of the insufficient protein source.

At this time, the corn gluten can be freely added in the range of 5 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition. However, when the corn gluten is included in more than 5 parts by weight, the palatability may be reduced, which is not preferable.

The additive is included in order to increase feed intake and supplement ingredients not satisfied with the above-mentioned ingredients, and is a hygroscopic attractant, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E or water-soluble vitamin choline, or phosphate or trace minerals. One or two or more selected from the back and the like may be added, and such additives are preferably used in an amount of 8 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total EP feed composition.

If more than 8 parts by weight is used, the relative content of other ingredients may be reduced, resulting in an imbalance of nutritional ingredients.

In this case, the attractant having high hygroscopicity may soften the physical properties of the feed to increase the intake rate and eliminate digestive disorders. Specifically, a betaine-containing material may be used.

When the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E are added, there is an effect of increasing the antioxidant activity of the skeletal growth and cells, and by increasing the mixing ratio with the addition of water-soluble vitamin choline can reduce the liver fat accumulation rate. In addition, the addition of phospholipids and trace minerals can improve the fluidity of the cells and further increase the vitality of the digestive tract.

At this time, the minerals are NaCl, MgSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, NaH ₂ PO ₄ ~ 2H ₂ O, KH ₂ PO ₄ , CaH ₄ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ~ H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, CuCl ₂ , _{AlCl 3? 6H 2 O, KIO} 3, MnSO 4? H 2 O, can be used one or more compounds selected from ferric sites rate (ferric citrate) and calcium lactate (calcium lactate).

Moorish EP feed composition for halibut according to the present invention formed by mixing with the above components and the compounding ratio is as shown in Table 1, the total nutritional components, which is the level of nutrients necessary for the flounder growth. In other words, when made in the compounding ratio of the present invention, the balance of essential nutrients and the balance of essential fatty acids as follows can be maintained.

nutrient Content (unit) moisture 10.0% or less Crude protein 52.0% or more Crude fat 10.0% or more Crude fiber 3.0% or less Views min 14% less than calcium 1.0% or more A total person 1.5% or less Valid 0.6% or more Digestible protein (g DP) More than 460g / kg Digestible energy (MJ DE) 18.0MJ / kg or less g DP / MJ DE 26-29

In addition, it is preferable to maintain the ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy 26 ~ 29g DP / MJ DE of the halibut flour for olive flounder according to the present invention, the flounder consisting of the components and the compounding ratio according to the present invention In the case of the molten powder EP feed composition, the ratio range of plasticizing protein / plasticization energy as described above may be maintained.

If the ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy is less than 26g DP / MJ DE, the energy content is too high compared to the protein content, so the feed intake of the flounder decreases, and thus the growth is slowed because it cannot receive enough other essential nutrients. As a result, protein and phosphorus emissions are increased to increase the water pollution rate, and as the energy content of the feed is too high, the fish's liver fat is excessively depleted, thereby reducing the vitality of the liver.

On the contrary, if the ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy exceeds 29g DP / MJ DE, the energy is insufficient compared to the protein content. In addition, it can lead to excessive nitrogen excretion due to ammonia production as well as slowing growth.

That is, by maintaining the proper ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy as described above, essential nutrients are supplied at an appropriate level so that the flounder grows smoothly, and the liver function can be improved by preventing excessive accumulation of fatty liver in the fish body. It has the effect of preventing excessive nitrogen excretion to prevent water pollution.

Although the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

<Examples 1 to 3>

After mixing each composition in the composition ratio (unit: weight%) as shown in Table 2, by extrusion molding in the form of a constant pellet to dry and cool to prepare a marinade feed, fish meal and wet feed. Component analysis of the Moorish feed (Example 1) was carried out in the following manner.

Composition Example 1
(Moorish feed) Example 2
(Fish food) Example 3
(Wet feed) Fish meal (super prime) - 70 - Fish hydrolysate 18 - - Wheat flour 15 15 - Soybean meal (dehulled soybean meal) 10 5 - Squid liver powder 5 2 - Corn gluten 3 - - Krill meal 6 - - Additives 8 5 2 Fish oil 5 3 - Meat meal 30 - - Trash meal - - 90 Mash feed - - 8 sum 100 100 100

<Experimental Example 1>

In order to measure the weight increase rate, feed count, mortality rate, protein excretion, and phosphorus excretion of the flounder bred for 8 weeks using the feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3, the following experiment was carried out. Table 3 shows.

-Breeding and management of flounder-

2,000 halibut fish with an average weight of 153.5 ± 5.2g were housed in an 8 × 9 m concrete tank and fed twice a day for 8 weeks. The water temperature supplied 17 ℃ of underground seawater, and dissolved oxygen needed for normal growth. It was kept at 7 ppm or more and was bred using the natural light cycle. In addition, the feeding test was flow type.

 - How to measure -

In order to analyze protein and phosphorus emissions, 10 horses were randomly extracted for each experimental group, and protein and phosphorus were analyzed. The weight gain was calculated by the difference between the total weight at the end of the experiment and the total weight at the beginning of the experiment. Feed intake was calculated by adding up the weekly intake. The dry weight of the ingested feed amount was calculated by obtaining a moisture content after drying a certain amount of samples in a 105 ℃ oven for 24 hours. The number and metering of all experimental fish were measured after fasting for one day at the beginning and end of the experiment.

* Weight gain = total weight at the end of the experiment-total weight at the beginning of the experiment

* Feed factor = total feed consumed (dry weight) ÷ weight gain (wet weight)

* Mortality: mortality / total number of experiments started × 100

* Protein excretion: [(Weight of body × end-word protein content)-(Weight of body at start of body × content of starting word protein)] / weight increase × 1000

* Phosphorus excretion: [(Body weight × end word phosphorus content)-(Body weight at start of experiment × starting word phosphorus content)] / weight increase × 1000

feed Weight gain
(g) Relative value
(%) Feed factor Relative value
(%) Mortality
(%) Relative value
(%) protein
Excretion
(g) Relative value
(%) sign
Excretion
(g) Relative value
(%) Example 1 143.9 97.1 0.83 100.0 3.45 78.4 285.6 102.7 7.6 78.3 Example 2 148.2 100.0 0.83 100.0 4.40 100 278.1 100.0 9.7 100.0 Example 3 138.0 93.1 1.20 144.6 5.65 128.4 473.9 170.4 18.6 190.8

As shown in Table 3, the feed of Example 1, which is composed of the ingredients and the blending ratio of the present invention, maintains a similar level to that of Example 2, which is a fish meal, while Example 3, which is a wet feed, is Example 1 and It can be seen that the weight gain is lowered as compared to Example 2, through which the EP feed composition prepared according to the ingredient blending ratio of the present invention can be confirmed that the flounder grows smoothly.

In addition, in the case of the feed coefficient of the feed of Example 1 according to the present invention, the feed coefficient is 0.83, the feed efficiency corresponds to about 120%, which can be seen that the same value as in Example 2 (fish feed). On the other hand, in Example 3, the feed coefficient is 1.20, which indicates that the feed efficiency (inverse of the feed coefficient is expressed as a percentage) is about 83%, which is lower than that of Example 1 or Example 2, according to the present invention. When using the feed of Example 1 it can be seen that the amount of feed used for the growth of the flounder can be reduced.

In addition, in the case of the mortality it can be seen that the case of Example 1 is significantly reduced compared to the case of Example 2 and Example 3. As described above, in Example 1, despite the high survival rate of the flounder, protein excretion was maintained at a level similar to that in Example 2, and in the case of phosphorus excretion, it was confirmed that the reduction was about 21.7% compared to Example 2.

<Experimental Example 2>

The chemical composition of the feed composition of Example 1 according to the blending ratio of the present invention was measured, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.

At this time, crude protein (N × 6.25) was analyzed using Auto Kjeldahl System (Gerhardt VAP500T / TT125, KG, Germany). Crude fat was obtained by acid hydrolysis and dried at 105 ° C for 24 hours. The crude powder was obtained by incubating at 550 ° C. for 4 hours. Crude fibers were analyzed using a Fibertec (Tecator, Sweden) automated analyzer. Calcium was titrated with KMnO4 by wet calcification and phosphorus was analyzed by vanado-molybdate method (AOAC, 1990). The total energy content of the feed was measured using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr-6200, Moline, IL). The plasticizing protein and plasticizing energy contents were obtained by indirect method by collecting the powder after mixing 0.5% Cr ₂ O 3 in the feed mixture.

nutrient Example 1 (%) moisture 8.98 ± 0.91 Crude protein 53.01 ± 0.46 Crude fat 11.84 ± 0.36 Crude fiber 1.12 ± 0.23 Views min 10.94 ± 0.26 calcium 1.84 ± 0.04 A total person 1.45 ± 0.02 Valid 0.64 (calculated) Digestible protein (g DP) 476 g / kg Digestible energy (MJ DE) 17.9 MJ / kg g DP / MJ DE 26.6

As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the EP feed composition prepared according to the compounding ratio of the present invention is included in the nutrient level described in Table 1 above.

That is, when the flounder is bred using the EP feed composition consisting of the ingredient and the compounding ratio according to the present invention, the survival rate and the growth rate are minimized while minimizing the excretion of protein and phosphorus that may cause water pollution. It can be confirmed that it is equivalent to or better than.

In addition, as described above, the EP feed composition according to the present invention does not use expensive fish meal at all, thereby reducing feed cost and at the same time obtaining a feed composition having sufficient nutritional ingredients for flounder growth.

<Experimental Example 3>

Comparison of the protein emissions and phosphorus emissions according to the salary of Example 1 and two commercial EP feeds are shown in Table 5 below. At this time, the breeding, management, and measuring method of the flounder are the same as in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 is Korea Special Feed Co., Ltd., Comparative Example 2 is Purina product.

feed Protein excretion (g) Phosphorus excretion (g) Example 1 285.6 7.6 Comparative Example 1 308.3 11.0 Comparative Example 2 296.3 9.8

As shown in Table 4, the Moorish EP feed composition of Example 1 according to the present invention can be seen that the emission of protein and phosphorus is significantly reduced compared to the conventional EP feed. That is, the Moorish EP feed composition for the flounder according to the present invention is less protein and phosphorus emissions than conventional commercial EP feed, which can be expected to be effective in the prevention of water pollution.

Claims (4)

15 to 20 parts by weight of fish by-products, 20 to 40 parts by weight of meat, 5 to 10 parts by weight of krill, 8 to 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 5 to 8 parts by weight of fish oil, liver squid powder 5 -10 parts by weight, wheat flour 12-18 parts by weight, corn gluten 5 parts by weight or less, oyster flour EP feed composition comprising 8 parts by weight or less of the additive. The method according to claim 1,
Said additives are one or more than one selected from attractants, vitamins, phospholipids, minerals, halibut flour EP feed composition. The method according to claim 2,
The minerals include NaCl, MgSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, NaH ₂ PO ₄ ~ 2H ₂ O, KH ₂ PO ₄ , CaH ₄ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ~ H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ ~ 7H ₂ O, CuCl ₂ , AlCl _{3 ~} 6H ₂ O, KIO ₃ , MnSO ₄ ? H ₂ O, Moorish EP feed for flounder characterized by using at least one compound selected from ferric citrate and calcium lactate Composition. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The EP feed composition is a Moorish EP feed composition for flounder, characterized in that the ratio of plasticized protein / plasticization energy is maintained 26 ~ 29g DP / MJ DE.