KR20120064297A - Fuel additives - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel additive, and more particularly, at least one ester selected from the group consisting of methyl ester, ethyl ester and methyl ethyl ester; Alcohols; N-methyl pyrrolidone; Amyl methylether; And heptamethylnonane is provided. The fuel additive according to the present invention is added to fuel such as diesel oil (diesel oil) to improve low temperature fluidity and prevent clogging of filters or pipes, and have an effect of reducing the amount of harmful emissions (soot).

Description

Fuel additives {FUEL ADDITIVES}

The present invention relates to a fuel additive, and more particularly, to a fuel additive that can be added to a fuel such as diesel oil (diesel oil) to improve low temperature fluidity and reduce the amount of emitted gas (soot).

In general, a small amount of fuel additives are added to fuels such as automobiles, for example, gasoline (gasoline), diesel oil (diesel oil), and the like to improve the performance of automobiles or to reduce emissions. In particular, fuel additives are added to improve problems such as deterioration of automobile performance, increased emissions, knocking problems and increased fuel consumption due to carbon deposits produced by incomplete combustion. The main functions of fuel additives are to increase octane number or cetane number to save fuel or remove sediment in the engine, enhance engine clean function, reduce harmful emissions (soot) and improve fuel economy.

Fuel additives have been used by dispersing fine powders such as metal compounds and carbonates in dispersants (surfactants). However, such a conventional fuel additive has been pointed out that the precipitation phenomenon occurs during storage, and when added to the fuel is precipitated in the pipe portion or the burner portion to cause the engine closing and wear. Accordingly, paraffins, naphthas, olefins, aromatics, and the like are mainly used in recent years, and paraffins occupy the largest proportion. However, paraffins are difficult to have a high octane number and are expensive. To this end, an attempt was made to increase the octane number by using an anti-rust agent called 4-ethyl lead. However, 4-ethyl lead contains lead (Pb), which is itself a pollutant and has a large impact on the atmospheric environment. Is being stopped.

As a prior patent document relating to fuel additives, U. S. Patent No. 4,264, 335 discloses a technique using cerium-2-ethylhexanoate as a means for suppressing octane requirements in an engine. U. S. Patent No. 5,240, 896 also discloses a technique using a ceramic material comprising a metal oxide (rare earth oxide). However, it is pointed out that cerium-2-ethylhexanoate or metal oxides presented in the above selected patent documents are highly viscous or solid, and are difficult to be mixed with fuel (petrol), and above all, to generate deposits.

In addition, Korean Patent No. 0351794 includes methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) for the purpose of preventing generation of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) and carbon monoxide (CO) while increasing the octane number. Fuel additives are shown. However, while methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) reduces air pollution, research has confirmed that a health disorder has been confirmed, and that it is a carcinogen, the use of it should be banned.

As above, conventional fuel additives are expensive (paraffinic) or lack practicality, and are themselves contaminants or health barriers, causing sediment. In addition, the fuel generates harmful emissions (soot) such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO _x ), and sulfur oxides (SO _x ) by incomplete combustion. Lack of reduction capacity

On the other hand, in the case of diesel, when the temperature falls in winter, the wax in the diesel becomes granulated and begins to cloud. As the temperature gradually decreases, the wax particles become larger and deposited. These wax deposits are fed to the engine along the fuel pipe and block the filter or pipe making the vehicle difficult to drive. Accordingly, additives for improving winter low temperature fluidity have been developed and commercialized. However, the conventional low temperature fluidity improver has a problem of low effectiveness due to low low temperature fluidity.

 The present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, has good miscibility with fuel such as diesel (diesel oil), improves low-temperature fluidity to prevent clogging of the filter or pipe, and harmful emissions ( Its purpose is to provide fuel additives that can reduce emissions.

The present invention to achieve the above object,

One or more esters selected from the group consisting of methyl esters, ethyl esters and methyl ethyl esters;

Alcohols;

N-methyl pyrrolidone;

Amyl methylether; And

Provided is a fuel additive comprising heptamethylnonane.

Fuel additive according to the present invention, preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight of alcohol, 10 to 40 parts by weight of N-methyl pyrrolidone with respect to 100 parts by weight of esters; Amyl methyl ether (5 to 30 parts by weight); And heptamethylnonane (Heptamethylnonane) is preferably included 1 to 20 parts by weight.

In addition, the alcohol is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of methyl alcohol (methyl alcohol), ethyl alcohol (ethyl alcohol), isopropyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) and the like. In addition, the fuel additive according to the present invention may further include at least one selected from a cryoprotectant, a detergent, and a corrosion inhibitor.

According to the present invention, the fuel additive contains the above components, has good miscibility with fuels such as diesel oil (diesel oil), improves low temperature fluidity, prevents clogging of filters and pipes, and prevents harmful exhaust gas (soot ) It has the effect of reducing the amount generated.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The fuel additive according to the present invention is composed of a clean component which does not itself contain contaminants and does not leave a deposit after combustion.

Fuel additives according to the present invention include esters, alcohols, N-methyl pyrrolidone, amyl methylether and heptamethylnonane. The fuel additive according to the present invention may additionally further comprise functional additional components in addition to the above components. For example, antifreeze agent to prevent the freezing of the fuel during sub-zero winter; Cleaners to clean fuel and remove rust from the engine; And additional components such as a corrosion inhibitor for preventing corrosion of the engine and the like.

The esters may be at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl esters, ethyl esters and methyl ethyl esters. According to the present invention, the above-mentioned esters improve the miscibility with fuels (light oils, etc.), improve combustion, and work effectively on reducing exhaust gases. In particular, it is possible to reduce the emission gas by improving the miscibility with biodiesel fuels (vegetable / animal oil-producing biodiesel oils), which are recently developed as alternative fuels for fossil fuels.

The alcohols are added to improve combustion to improve fuel efficiency and to emulsify the esters, which may be lower alcohols having 5 or less carbon atoms. The alcohols may be more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and the like, and most preferably, isopropyl alcohol (isopropyl). alcohol) is good. Such alcohols may be included in an amount of 2 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esters. In this case, when the content of alcohol is less than 2 parts by weight, fuel economy improvement and ester emulsifying ability may be insignificant, and when it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the volatility of the additive composition may be increased, which may be undesirable.

In addition, the N-methyl pyrrolidone is added for low temperature fluidity. According to the present invention, the N-methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl pyrrolidone) significantly improves the low-temperature fluidity of the winter by preventing the precipitation (wax) of the winter (when the temperature drop) is granulated and precipitated. As a result, clogging of the winter filter and the pipe can be prevented. Such N-methyl pyrrolidone may be included in an amount of 10 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esters. In this case, when the content of N-methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl pyrrolidone) is less than 10 parts by weight, the effect of improving low temperature fluidity may be insignificant, and when it exceeds 40 parts by weight, fuel efficiency may be lowered, which may be undesirable.

Amyl methyl ether (amyl methyl ether) is an ether compound having an amyl group (amyl group; C ₅ H _11- ) in the molecule, it may be named pentyl methyl ether (pentyl methyl ether). The amyl methyl ether (amyl methyl ether) is mixed with the fuel to increase the cetane number during combustion and improve the miscibility between the components constituting the fuel additive according to the present invention and usefully reduce the exhaust gas. As such amyl methyl ether, t-amyl methyl ether can be preferably used. Amyl methyl ether (amyl methyl ether) is preferably contained in 5 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esters. At this time, if the amount of amyl methyl ether (amyl methyl ether) is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of its inclusion is insignificant, and if it exceeds 30 parts by weight can generate a hydrocarbon (HC) gas.

In addition, the heptamethylnonane (Heptamethylnonane) is added for the flammability, etc., which may be included in 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ester. At this time, if the content of heptamethylnonane (Heptamethylnonane) is less than 1 part by weight, the effect of improving the complexability is insignificant. If it exceeds 20 parts by weight, the handleability is poor and economically undesirable.

The fuel additive according to the present invention includes the components described above, has good miscibility with fuel such as diesel, and the cetane number can be improved to reduce fuel economy. In particular, the low-temperature fluidity can be improved to prevent clogging of filters and pipes, and to reduce the amount of harmful emissions (soot).

In addition, according to the present invention, the fuel additive may further include additional functional ingredients in the art. It is preferable to further include at least one additional component selected from antifreeze, detergent and corrosion inhibitor.

The cryoprotectant may be selected from surfactants, for example, to prevent freezing of fuel in sub-zero weather. More specifically, the cryoprotectant is not particularly limited, but polyoxyethylene sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl ammonium sulfate, polyoxyethylene lauryl sulfate, lauric acid ethanol amide, alkenic succinimide, alkyl Orthophosphorimide, alkyl phosphoricimide, aryl sulfonicimide, lauryl diethyl amine oxide, alkyldimethylamine oxide, diethanol amide, monoethanol amide and the like. Such cryoprotectant may be added in a small amount in the fuel additive, but not particularly limited, may be added in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esters.

In addition, the cleaning agent may be selected from compounds such as amines, amides, imidazolines, etc., to clean fuels and remove engine rust, and the preservatives may be selected from alkenic succinic acid, alkyl orthophosphoric acid, Esters such as alkyl phosphoric acid and aryl sulfonic acid, amine salts and the like. The detergent and the corrosion inhibitor may be added in a small amount in the fuel additive, and are not particularly limited, but they may be added in 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esters, respectively.

In addition, according to the present invention, the fuel additive may further include an oxidative stabilizer, a cetane number improver, a combustion enhancer, a colorant, and the like, which are commonly added in the art, as the functional additive. These are commonly used in the art, for example, the oxidative stabilizer may be selected from phenols, amines and the like, the cetane number improver may be selected from alkyl nitrate, ether nitrate, nitroso and the like, the combustion enhancer is calcium It may be selected from organometallic compounds including metals such as manganese and barium.

The fuel additive according to the present invention described above may be used in addition to fuel, for example, diesel oil (diesel oil), kerosene, bunker-C oil, and the like, and preferably used as an additive for automobile fuels such as diesel oil (diesel oil). Can be. In this case, the diesel oil (diesel oil) includes biofuel (diesel oil) as well as diesel oil as a general fossil fuel. Specifically, as produced from animal / vegetable oil, etc., for example, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, jatropha oil, palm oil, coconut oil, corn oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, poppy oil, walnut oil , Vegetable oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, camellia oil, castor oil, olive oil, animal oils such as tallow, pork, sunny, fish oil, and waste cooking oil. Biodiesel oil produced therefrom. The fuel additive according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be added in an amount of 0.5 ml to 400 ml per liter of diesel oil, for example, when added to an automotive diesel fuel.

Hereinafter, the Example and comparative example of this invention are illustrated. The following examples are provided by way of example only to assist in understanding the present invention, whereby the technical scope of the present invention is not limited.

[Examples 1-3]

First, isopropyl alcohol and methyl / ethyl ester are placed in a reactor, and then N-methyl pyrrolidone, t-amyl methyl ether and heptamethyl are added thereto. Nonane (Heptamethylnonane) was slowly added dropwise, and then mixed and stirred at 40 rpm at 100 rpm for 30 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, a cryoprotectant (alkenic succinimide) and a detergent (polybutene amine) were further added and mixed. The composition (component and content) of the fuel additive according to the embodiments prepared as described above is as Table 1 below.

Comparative Example 1

Compared to Example 1 except that N-methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl pyrrolidone), t-amyl methyl ether (tert-amyl methyl ether) and heptamethylnonane was not used in the same manner It was. The composition (component and content) of the fuel additive according to Comparative Example 1 is shown together in the following [Table 1].

Fuel additives according to each of the above-described examples and comparative examples were added to diesel fuel for general automobiles (added at a volume ratio of 10 ml of fuel additive per liter of diesel fuel), and then applied to automobiles to measure the amount of harmful emissions. The results are shown in the following [Table 2]. And when the fuel additive is not used (not added), the emission amount was also evaluated and the results are shown together in the following [Table 2].

As shown in [Table 2], it can be seen that the addition of the fuel additive according to the embodiment of the present invention is evaluated to have better emission reduction ability than the other cases (comparative example and no addition). In addition, as the amount of amyl methyl ether increases, the amount of emitted gas decreases, which means that the amyl methylether forms the fuel additive, as well as the miscibility between the fuel additive and the diesel. It can be seen that reducing the emissions by increasing the.

On the other hand, to determine the degree of low temperature fluidity improvement for the fuel additive according to each of the prepared examples and comparative examples measured the cold filter plug point (Cold-Flow Plug Point, CFPP) and the results are shown in the following [Table 3] It was. At this time, the fuel was measured by mixing each of the general diesel and bio diesel oil (palm oil) for automobiles.

As shown in [Table 3], it can be seen that the addition of the fuel additive according to the embodiment of the present invention lowers the low temperature filter clogging point than when it is not (comparative example), thereby significantly improving low temperature fluidity. In particular, as the content of N-methyl pyrrolidone (N-methyl pyrrolidone) increased it was found that the low temperature filter plugging significantly lowered.

As confirmed in the above embodiments, it can be seen that the fuel additive according to the present invention has good miscibility with diesel (diesel oil), reduces the amount of harmful emissions (soot) and improves low temperature fluidity.

Claims (3)

One or more esters selected from the group consisting of methyl esters, ethyl esters and methyl ethyl esters;
Alcohols;
N-methyl pyrrolidone;
Amyl methylether; And
A fuel additive comprising heptamethylnonane.
The method of claim 1,
The fuel additive is 2 to 30 parts by weight of alcohol, 10 to 40 parts by weight of N-methyl pyrrolidone with respect to 100 parts by weight of esters; Amyl methyl ether (5 to 30 parts by weight); And heptamethylnonane (Heptamethylnonane) fuel additive comprising 1 to 20 parts by weight.
The method of claim 1,
The alcohol is a fuel additive, characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl alcohol (methyl alcohol), ethyl alcohol (ethyl alcohol) and isopropyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol).