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KR20090021807A - Fuel cell system with cooling function - Google Patents

Fuel cell system with cooling function Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20090021807A
KR20090021807A KR1020070086639A KR20070086639A KR20090021807A KR 20090021807 A KR20090021807 A KR 20090021807A KR 1020070086639 A KR1020070086639 A KR 1020070086639A KR 20070086639 A KR20070086639 A KR 20070086639A KR 20090021807 A KR20090021807 A KR 20090021807A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
hot water
cooling
heat exchanger
stack
heat
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KR1020070086639A
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Korean (ko)
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김기영
황남선
공민석
서석호
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주식회사 효성
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel cell system having an air conditioning function is provided to perform the cooling by using the waste heat of a stack at the time which does not use the waste heat of stack like summer season, thereby improving the energy efficiency. A fuel cell system having an air conditioning function comprises a stack heat exchanger(2), a heat storage tank(3), a boiler(4) and an ejector type cooling apparatus(30). The stack heat exchanger removes the heat of a stack(1). The heat storage tank stores warm water containing the heat of a stack through the stack heat exchanger. The boiler heats the warm water of the heat storage tank more and supplies it to the place required for hot water and heating. The ejector type air conditioner comprises a heat exchanger(31) for cooling, which uses the warm water discharged from the boiler as a high heat source.

Description

냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템{fuel cell system having air conditioning function}Fuel cell system having air conditioning function

본 발명은 연료전지 시스템에 관한 것으로, 특히 여름철 실내 냉방이 가능하도록 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly to a fuel cell system having a cooling function to enable indoor cooling in summer.

연료전지 시스템은 스택에서 수소와 산소를 반응시켜 전기를 생산하는 발전 시스템으로써 전기 생산시 부수적으로 스택에서 열이 발생하므로 그 폐열을 급탕 및 난방에 이용하는 열병합 시스템으로 구성하여 사용하고 있다.A fuel cell system is a power generation system that generates electricity by reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a stack. Since heat is generated in the stack incidentally during electricity production, the fuel cell system is used as a cogeneration system using the waste heat for hot water supply and heating.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 종래 연료전지 시스템은 연료전지 스택(1)의 냉각수 순환라인에 스택열교환기(2)를 설치하여 스택(1)의 열을 제거하고, 그 열을 포함한 온수를 축열조(3)에 보관하며, 축열조(3)의 온수를 직접 급탕 및 난방에 이용하거나 필요에 따라서는 별도의 보일러(4)를 이용하여 축열조(3)의 온수를 더욱 가열하여 사용할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3)의 사이에는 온수의 원활한 순환을 위하여 펌프(5)가 설치된다.As shown in FIG. 1, in the conventional fuel cell system, a stack heat exchanger 2 is installed in a cooling water circulation line of a fuel cell stack 1 to remove heat from the stack 1, and the hot water including the heat is stored in a heat storage tank ( 3) and the hot water of the heat storage tank (3) is used for direct hot water supply and heating or, if necessary, by using a separate boiler (4) is configured to further heat the hot water of the heat storage tank (3). A pump 5 is installed between the stack heat exchanger 2 and the heat storage tank 3 for smooth circulation of hot water.

그런데, 종래의 연료전지 시스템은 열사용량이 많은 봄, 가을 및 겨울에는 발전시 생산된 열을 상기와 같이 급탕 및 난방에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있지만, 열 사용량이 적은 여름철에는 스택에서 발생된 열을 이용할 방법이 없어 연료전지의 가동을 중지하거나 그대로 폐열로서 발산시킴으로써 시스템의 에너지 이용 효율이 저하되는 문제점이 있었다.By the way, the conventional fuel cell system can use the heat produced during power generation in spring, autumn and winter with a large amount of heat for the hot water supply and heating as above, but in the summer when the heat consumption is low There is a problem that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is lowered by stopping the fuel cell or dissipating it as waste heat.

이에 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로, 여름철과 같이 스택의 폐열을 이용하지 않는 시기에 상기 폐열을 이용하여 냉방을 실시할 수 있게 됨으로써 여름철 에너지 이용 효율을 향상시킬 수 있도록 된 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, it is possible to perform the cooling by using the waste heat at the time when the waste heat of the stack, such as in the summer to be able to improve the energy use efficiency in summer It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system having a cooling function.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은,The present invention for achieving the above object,

스택의 열을 제거하는 스택열교환기와, 상기 스택열교환기를 통해 스택의 열을 함유한 온수가 저장되는 축열조와, 상기 축열조의 온수를 더 가열하여 급탕 및 난방 수요처로 공급하는 보일러를 포함하여 이루어진 연료전지 시스템에 있어서,A fuel cell comprising a stack heat exchanger for removing heat from the stack, a heat storage tank for storing hot water containing the heat of the stack through the stack heat exchanger, and a boiler for further heating the hot water of the heat storage tank to supply hot water and a heating demand source. In the system,

상기 보일러에서 배출되는 온수를 고열원으로 하는 냉방용열교환기를 포함하여 구성된 이젝터타입 냉방장치를 더 구비하여 이루어진다.It further comprises an ejector-type cooling device configured to include a heat exchanger for cooling the hot water discharged from the boiler as a high heat source.

즉, 상기 냉방용열교환기의 저열원은 상기 이젝터 냉방장치의 냉매가 된다.That is, the low heat source of the cooling heat exchanger becomes a refrigerant of the ejector cooling device.

상기와 같이 연료전지 시스템에 스택 폐열을 이용하여 작동되는 냉방장치가 부가되어 냉방기능을 갖게 됨으로써 연료전지 시스템의 이용 분야가 넓어질 뿐만 아니라 여름철에도 스택의 폐열을 낭비하지 않고 이용할 수 있게 되어 연료전지 시스템의 에너지 이용 효율이 증대되는 효과가 있다.As described above, the cooling device operated by using the stack waste heat is added to the fuel cell system to provide a cooling function, thereby expanding the field of use of the fuel cell system and enabling the fuel cell to be used without wasting the waste heat of the stack even in summer. The energy utilization efficiency of the system is increased.

이하, 본 발명을 첨부된 예시도면을 참조하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템의 구성도로서, 본 발명은 스택(1)의 냉각수순환라인에 연결되는 스택열교환기(2)와, 이 스택열교환기(2)를 순환하는 온수순환라인에 연결되는 축열조(3)와, 이 축열조(3)의 온수를 더 가열하여 급탕 및 난방용 온수로 배출하는 보일러(4)를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템에 있어서, 상기 보일러(4)의 배출수를 고열원으로써 이용하는 냉방용열교환기(31)를 포함하는 이젝터타입 냉방장치(30)를 더 구비하여 이루어진다.2 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system having a cooling function according to the present invention. The present invention relates to a stack heat exchanger (2) connected to a cooling water circulation line of a stack (1), and a circulation of the stack heat exchanger (2). A fuel cell system comprising: a heat storage tank (3) connected to a hot water circulation line; and a boiler (4) for further heating hot water of the heat storage tank (3) to discharge hot water and hot water for heating. It further comprises an ejector type cooling device (30) comprising a cooling heat exchanger (31) for utilizing the discharge water as a high heat source.

상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 보일러(4) 배출수를 공급하는 냉방용온수공급라인(21)은 보일러(4)의 배출라인과 냉방용열교환기(31)의 온수유입구 사이를 연결한다.The cooling hot water supply line 21 for supplying the boiler 4 discharged water to the cooling heat exchanger 31 connects between the discharge line of the boiler 4 and the hot water inlet of the cooling heat exchanger 31.

이때 보일러(4) 배출라인의 상기 냉방용온수공급라인(21) 분지지점에는 삼방밸브(11)가 설치되어 이 삼방밸브(11)의 개방방향에 따라 보일러(4)의 배출수가 급탕 및 난방 수요처로 공급되거나 또는 상기 냉방용온수공급라인(21)을 통해 냉방용열교환기(31)로 공급된다.At this time, a three-way valve 11 is installed at the branch point of the cooling hot water supply line 21 of the discharge line of the boiler 4 so that the discharged water of the boiler 4 is supplied to the hot water supply and heating according to the opening direction of the three-way valve 11. It is supplied to or through the cooling hot water supply line 21 is supplied to the cooling heat exchanger (31).

상기 냉방용열교환기(31)에서 이젝터타입 냉방장치(30)의 냉매와 열교환한 저온온수를 배출하는 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)은 냉방용열교환기(31)의 온수배출구와 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인 사이에 연결된다.The cooling hot water return line 22 for discharging the low temperature hot water heat exchanged with the refrigerant of the ejector type cooling device 30 in the cooling heat exchanger 31 is a hot water outlet of the cooling heat exchanger 31 and the heat storage tank 3. ) And the hot water circulation line connecting the stack heat exchanger (2).

이때 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인의 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22) 연결부에는 삼방밸브(12)가 구비되어 이 삼방밸브(12)의 개방방향에 따라 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)의 온수만 스택열교환기(2)쪽으로 유입되거 나 또는 상기 축열조(3)의 온수만 스택열교환기(2)쪽으로 유입되게 된다.At this time, the three-way valve 12 is provided at the connection portion of the cooling hot water return line 22 of the hot water circulation line connecting the heat storage tank 3 and the stack heat exchanger 2 to the opening direction of the three-way valve 12. Only hot water of the cooling hot water return line 22 is introduced into the stack heat exchanger 2, or only hot water of the heat storage tank 3 is introduced into the stack heat exchanger 2.

이때 스택열교환기(2)쪽으로의 온수 유입 즉, 연결된 온수라인의 온수순환을 원활하게 하기 위하여 상기 삼방밸브(12)와 스택열교환기(2) 사이에는 펌프(5)가 설치된다.In this case, a pump 5 is installed between the three-way valve 12 and the stack heat exchanger 2 in order to facilitate hot water inflow to the stack heat exchanger 2, that is, hot water circulation of the connected hot water line.

한편, 상기 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3)의 사이와 상기 축열조(3)와 보일러(4)의 사이에 각각 삼방밸브(13,14)가 구비되고, 이들 삼방밸브(13,14)는 바이패스라인(23)이 연결된다.Meanwhile, three-way valves 13 and 14 are provided between the stack heat exchanger 2 and the heat storage tank 3 and between the heat storage tank 3 and the boiler 4, respectively, and these three-way valves 13 and 14 are provided. The bypass line 23 is connected.

따라서, 상기 삼방밸브(13,14)의 개방방향에 따라서 스택열교환기(2)에서 배출되는 온수가 상기 축열조(3)를 거치지 않고 바이패스라인(23)을 통해 직접 보일러(4)로 유입될 수 있도록 되어 있다.Accordingly, hot water discharged from the stack heat exchanger 2 may flow directly into the boiler 4 through the bypass line 23 without passing through the heat storage tank 3 according to the opening directions of the three-way valves 13 and 14. It is supposed to be.

한편, 상기 이젝트타입 냉방장치(30)는 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로부터 배출된 포화증기상태의 냉매를 고속으로 통과시키고 이에 의해 증발기(35)에서 배출된 기체 냉매를 흡입하여 동시에 배출하는 이젝터(32)와, 상기 이젝터(32)에서 배출된 기체 냉매를 응축하여 액체 상태로 상변화시키는 콘덴서(33)와, 상기 콘덴서(33)에서 배출된 액체 냉매의 일부가 공급받아 단열팽창시킴으로써 온도를 감소시키는 팽창밸브(34)와, 상기 팽창밸브(34)에서 배출된 저온 액체 냉매를 외부공기와 열교환시켜 증발시키는 상기 증발기(35)와, 상기 콘덴서(33)로부터 배출된 액체 냉매의 나머지 일부를 공급받아 보일러(4)에서 공급된 냉방용온수와 열교환하여 포화증기상태로 만드는 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 이루어진다.On the other hand, the ejection type cooling device 30 passes through the refrigerant in a saturated steam state discharged from the cooling heat exchanger 31 at high speed, thereby ejecting and simultaneously discharging the gas refrigerant discharged from the evaporator 35 (32), a condenser (33) for condensing the gas refrigerant discharged from the ejector (32) into a liquid state, and a portion of the liquid refrigerant discharged from the condenser (33) is supplied with adiabatic expansion to increase the temperature. An expansion valve (34) for reducing, the evaporator (35) for evaporating the low temperature liquid refrigerant discharged from the expansion valve (34) by external air, and the remaining part of the liquid refrigerant discharged from the condenser (33). It consists of the cooling heat exchanger (31) which is supplied with the cooling hot water supplied from the boiler (4) to make a saturated steam state.

또한, 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로의 원활한 냉매 유입을 위하여 냉방용열교 환기(31)의 냉매유입라인에는 펌프(36)가 설치된다.In addition, the pump 36 is installed in the refrigerant inlet line of the cooling heat exchanger 31 for smooth refrigerant inflow into the cooling heat exchanger 31.

이제, 본 발명의 작동을 설명한다.Now, the operation of the present invention will be described.

도 3은 냉방장치(30)를 사용하지 않는 상태의 시스템 작동상태도이다.3 is a diagram illustrating a system operation state in which the air conditioner 30 is not used.

이때 상기 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3) 사이에 설치된 삼방밸브(13)는 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3)를 연결하고, 상기 축열조(3)와 보일러(4) 사이에 설치된 삼방밸브(14)는 축열조(3)와 보일러(4)를 연결하며, 상기 보일러(4) 배출라인의 냉방용온수공급라인(21) 분지지점에 설치된 삼방밸브(11)는 보일러(4)와 급탕 및 난방 수요처를 연결한다. 또한, 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인의 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22) 연결부에 설치된 삼방밸브(12)는 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결한다.At this time, the three-way valve 13 installed between the stack heat exchanger (2) and the heat storage tank (3) connects the stack heat exchanger (2) and the heat storage tank (3), and is installed between the heat storage tank (3) and the boiler (4). The three-way valve 14 connects the heat storage tank 3 and the boiler 4, and the three-way valve 11 installed at the branch point of the cooling hot water supply line 21 of the discharge line of the boiler 4 is connected to the boiler 4; Connect hot water supply and heating demand. In addition, the three-way valve 12 installed in the cooling hot water return line 22 of the hot water circulation line connecting the heat storage tank (3) and the stack heat exchanger (2) is the heat storage tank (3) and the stack heat exchanger (2) Connect it.

따라서, 스택열교환기(2)에서 배출된 온수는 축열조(3)에 저장되고, 축열조(3)의 온수는 필요에 따라 보일러(4)에서 가열되어 급탕 및 난방 수요처로 공급되며, 또한 사용되지 않는 축열조(3)의 온수는 상기 스택열교환기(2)로 재순환되어 스택(1)의 열을 흡수하여 승온될 수 있도록 되어 있다.Therefore, the hot water discharged from the stack heat exchanger 2 is stored in the heat storage tank 3, and the hot water of the heat storage tank 3 is heated in the boiler 4 as needed to be supplied to the hot water supply and heating demand destination, and is not used. The hot water of the heat storage tank 3 is recycled to the stack heat exchanger 2 so as to absorb the heat of the stack 1 to be heated up.

반면, 냉방장치(30)가 가동되는 여름철에는 도 4와 같은 작동상태를 갖는다.On the other hand, in the summertime when the cooling device 30 is operated has a working state as shown in FIG.

이때 상기 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3) 사이에 설치된 삼방밸브(13)는 스택열교환기(2)와 바이패스라인(23)을 연결하고, 상기 축열조(3)와 보일러(4) 사이에 설치된 삼방밸브(14)는 상기 바이패스라인(23)과 보일러(4)를 연결하며, 상기 보일러(4) 배출라인의 냉방용온수공급라인(21) 분지지점에 설치된 삼방밸브(11)는 보일러(4)와 상기 냉방용온수공급라인(21)을 연결한다. 또한, 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열 교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인의 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22) 연결부에 설치된 삼방밸브(12)는 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)과 스택열교환기(2)를 연결한다.In this case, the three-way valve 13 installed between the stack heat exchanger 2 and the heat storage tank 3 connects the stack heat exchanger 2 and the bypass line 23, and between the heat storage tank 3 and the boiler 4. The three-way valve 14 installed in the connection line between the bypass line 23 and the boiler 4, the three-way valve 11 is installed at the branch point for cooling hot water supply line 21 of the discharge line of the boiler (4) The boiler 4 and the cooling hot water supply line 21 are connected. In addition, the three-way valve 12 installed in the cooling hot water return line 22 of the hot water circulation line connecting the heat storage tank (3) and the stack heat exchanger (2) is stacked with the cooling hot water return line (22) Connect the heat exchanger (2).

이때 상기 바이패스라인(23)을 통한 온수의 축열조(3) 바이패스는 축열조(3) 전후의 삼방밸브(13,14)들의 개방방향을 조절함으로써 선택적으로 실시할 수 있다. 즉, 스택열교환기(2)로부터 배출되는 상대적으로 고온의 온수를 직접 보일러(4)로 공급하여 가열함으로써 사용 연료량을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 경우에 따라 축열조(3)로부터 충분한 온도의 온수가 배출될 경우에는 축열조(3)의 온수를 보일러(4)로 공급하여 사용할 수도 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 축열조(3)로부터 공급된 온수를 사용하는 경우에는 냉방용열교환기(31)에 공급될 온수의 온도조건을 충족시키기 위해 보다 많은 가열이 필요하므로 사용 연료량이 증가되는 경향이 있다.In this case, the bypass of the heat storage tank 3 of the hot water through the bypass line 23 may be selectively performed by adjusting the opening directions of the three-way valves 13 and 14 before and after the heat storage tank 3. That is, the amount of fuel used can be reduced by directly supplying relatively high temperature hot water discharged from the stack heat exchanger 2 to the boiler 4 to heat it, and in some cases hot water of sufficient temperature can be discharged from the heat storage tank 3. In this case, hot water of the heat storage tank 3 may be supplied to the boiler 4 for use. However, in most cases, when the hot water supplied from the heat storage tank 3 is used, the amount of fuel used tends to increase because more heating is required to satisfy the temperature condition of the hot water to be supplied to the cooling heat exchanger 31.

한편, 보일러(4)를 경유하여 충분한 정도로 가열된 고온의 온수는 냉방용온수공급라인(21)을 통해 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 공급되고, 여기서 냉방장치(30)의 냉매와 열교환하여 열을 빼앗기고 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)을 통해 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인으로 복귀하여 스택열교환기(2)로 유입됨으로써 상기의 순환을 계속하게 된다.On the other hand, hot water heated to a sufficient degree via the boiler (4) is supplied to the cooling heat exchanger (31) through the cooling hot water supply line (21), where the heat exchange with the refrigerant of the cooling device (30) The heat is lost and returned to the hot water circulation line connecting the heat storage tank 3 and the stack heat exchanger 2 through the cooling hot water return line 22 to flow into the stack heat exchanger 2 to continue the circulation. .

이제 상기 냉방장치(30)의 작동을 설명한다.The operation of the cooling device 30 will now be described.

상기한 과정을 거쳐 냉방용열교환기(31)에는 고온의 온수가 항상 공급되어 열교환기의 고열원으로서 작용하게 된다. 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)의 저열원은 냉방장치(30)를 순환하는 냉매이다.Through the above process, the hot air is always supplied to the cooling heat exchanger 31 to act as a high heat source of the heat exchanger. The low heat source of the cooling heat exchanger 31 is a refrigerant circulating in the cooling device 30.

콘덴서(33)에서 배출된 액체 냉매의 일부는 펌프(36)에 의해 압송되어 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 유입되고, 여기서 보일러(4)로부터 공급된 고온의 냉방용온수로부터 열을 얻어 포화증기 상태로 기화된다.A portion of the liquid refrigerant discharged from the condenser 33 is pumped by the pump 36 to flow into the cooling heat exchanger 31, where heat is obtained from the high temperature cooling hot water supplied from the boiler 4 and saturated. Vaporizes to vapor.

포화증기 상태의 냉매는 상기 이젝터(32)를 고속으로 통과하게 되는데 이때 상기 증발기(35)로부터 배출되어 이젝터(32)의 또 다른 유입구로 유입되는 저온 기체 냉매가 흡입되어 동시에 이젝터(32)로부터 배출된다.The refrigerant in a saturated steam state passes through the ejector 32 at a high speed. At this time, the low-temperature gas refrigerant flowing from the evaporator 35 and flowing into another inlet of the ejector 32 is sucked and simultaneously discharged from the ejector 32. do.

이젝터(32)로부터 배출된 혼합 기체 냉매는 상기 콘덴서(33)에서 응축되어 고온 액체 냉매가 되며, 이 고온 액체 냉매중 일부는 전술한 바와 같이 펌프(36)를 통해 냉방용열교환기(31)로 공급되고, 다른 일부는 팽창밸브(34)로 유입되어 단열팽창됨으로써 저온 액체 냉매가 된다.The mixed gas refrigerant discharged from the ejector 32 is condensed in the condenser 33 to become a high temperature liquid refrigerant, and some of the high temperature liquid refrigerant is transferred to the cooling heat exchanger 31 through the pump 36 as described above. The other part is supplied to the expansion valve 34 and adiabaticly expanded to become a low temperature liquid refrigerant.

상기 저온 액체 냉매는 상기 증발기(35)를 통과하면서 증발기(35)를 경유하는 외부 공기와 열교환하여 그로부터 열을 얻어 증발하게 되며, 그 증발열만큼 외부 공기의 온도가 감소되어 냉방용 저온 공기가 얻어진다.The low temperature liquid refrigerant exchanges heat with external air passing through the evaporator 35 while passing through the evaporator 35 to obtain heat therefrom, and the temperature of the external air is reduced by the heat of evaporation, thereby obtaining cold air for cooling. .

상기 증발기(35)를 통과하여 증발한 기체 냉매는 전술한 과정을 반복하여 순환하게 된다.The gas refrigerant evaporated through the evaporator 35 is circulated by repeating the above-described process.

이와 같이, 연료전지 시스템의 스택에서 발생되는 폐열을 이용하여 냉방장치(30)를 가동할 수 있게 됨으로써 열수요가 적은 여름철에도 연료전지 시스템을 정지시키지 않고 가동할 수 있게 되므로 연료전지 시스템의 가동율을 향상시킬 수 있게 되고, 또한 폐열을 활용하므로 연료전지 시스템의 에너지 이용 효율을 증대시킬 수 있게 된다.As such, the cooling device 30 can be operated by using the waste heat generated from the stack of the fuel cell system, so that the operation of the fuel cell system can be performed without stopping the fuel cell system even in the summer when heat demand is low. In addition, by utilizing waste heat, it is possible to increase the energy use efficiency of the fuel cell system.

도 1은 종래 열병합 연료전지 시스템의 구성도,1 is a block diagram of a conventional cogeneration fuel cell system,

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 냉방기능을 갖춘 연료전지 시스템의 구성도,2 is a block diagram of a fuel cell system having a cooling function according to the present invention;

도 3은 본 발명의 일반 온수 공급을 위한 작동 상태도,3 is an operating state diagram for the general hot water supply of the present invention,

도 4는 본 발명의 냉방기능 수행을 위한 작동 상태도이다.4 is an operating state diagram for performing a cooling function of the present invention.

*도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

1 : 스택 2 : 스택열교환기1: stack 2: stack heat exchanger

3 : 축열조 4 : 보일러3: heat storage tank 4: boiler

5 : 펌프 11,12,13,14 : 삼방밸브5: pump 11, 12, 13, 14: three-way valve

21 : 냉방용온수공급라인 22 : 냉방용온수리턴라인21: cooling hot water supply line 22: cooling hot water return line

23 : 바이패스라인 30 : 이젝터타입 냉방장치23: bypass line 30: ejector type cooling device

31 : 냉방용열교환기 32 : 이젝터31: heat exchanger for cooling 32: ejector

33 : 콘덴서 34 : 팽창밸브33: condenser 34: expansion valve

35 : 증발기 36 : 펌프35: evaporator 36: pump

Claims (7)

스택(1)의 열을 제거하는 스택열교환기(2)와, 상기 스택열교환기(2)를 통해 스택(1)의 열을 함유한 온수가 저장되는 축열조(3)와, 상기 축열조(3)의 온수를 더 가열하여 급탕 및 난방 수요처로 공급하는 보일러(4)를 포함하여 이루어진 연료전지 시스템에 있어서,A stack heat exchanger (2) for removing heat of the stack (1), a heat storage tank (3) for storing hot water containing heat of the stack (1) through the stack heat exchanger (2), and the heat storage tank (3) In the fuel cell system comprising a boiler (4) for further heating the hot water of the supply to supply hot water and heating demand, 상기 보일러(4)에서 배출되는 온수를 고열원으로 하는 냉방용열교환기(31)를 포함하여 구성된 이젝터타입 냉방장치(30)를 더 구비하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.A fuel cell system having a cooling function, characterized by further comprising an ejector type cooling device (30) configured to include a cooling heat exchanger (31) having a high heat source as hot water discharged from the boiler (4). 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 이젝터타입 냉방장치(30)는 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로부터 배출된 포화증기상태의 냉매를 고속으로 통과시키고 이에 의해 증발기(35)에서 배출된 기체 냉매를 흡입하여 동시에 배출하는 이젝터(32)와, 상기 이젝터(32)에서 배출된 기체 냉매를 응축하는 콘덴서(33)와, 상기 콘덴서(33)에서 배출된 액체 냉매의 일부를 공급받아 단열팽창시켜 온도를 감소시키는 팽창밸브(34)와, 상기 팽창밸브(34)에서 배출된 저온 액체 냉매를 외부공기와 열교환시켜 증발시키는 상기 증발기(35)와, 상기 콘덴서(33)로부터 배출된 액체 냉매의 나머지 일부를 공급받아 보일러(4)에서 공급된 냉방용온수와 열교환시키는상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The method of claim 1, wherein the ejector type cooling device 30 passes through the refrigerant in a saturated steam state discharged from the cooling heat exchanger 31 at high speed, thereby sucking the gas refrigerant discharged from the evaporator 35 and at the same time The ejector 32 to discharge, the condenser 33 for condensing the gas refrigerant discharged from the ejector 32, and a portion of the liquid refrigerant discharged from the condenser 33 is adiabatic expansion to reduce the temperature by expansion The boiler receives the valve 34, the evaporator 35 for evaporating the low temperature liquid refrigerant discharged from the expansion valve 34 by external air, and the remaining portion of the liquid refrigerant discharged from the condenser 33. A fuel cell system having a cooling function, comprising the cooling heat exchanger (31) for exchanging heat with cooling hot water supplied from (4). 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)의 냉매유입라인에 펌프(36)가 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein a pump (36) is installed in a refrigerant inlet line of the cooling heat exchanger (31). 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로 보일러(4)의 배출라인으로부터 냉방용온수공급라인(21)이 연결되고, 상기 냉방용열교환기(31)로부터 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인으로 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)이연결된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The cooling heat exchanger (31) is connected to the cooling hot water supply line (21) from the discharge line of the boiler (4), and the heat storage tank (3) and the stack from the cooling heat exchanger (31). Fuel cell system having a cooling function, characterized in that the cooling hot water return line 22 is connected to the hot water circulation line connecting the heat exchanger (2). 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 보일러(4) 배출라인의 냉방용온수공급라인(21) 분지지점에 개방방향에 따라 보일러(4) 배출수를 급탕 및 난방 수요처로 공급하거나 상기 냉방용온수공급라인(21)으로 공급하는 삼방밸브(11)가 설치되고,The hot water supply line 21 according to claim 4, wherein the boiler 4 discharged water is supplied to a hot water supply and heating demand source according to an opening direction at a branch point of the cooling hot water supply line 21 of the discharge line of the boiler 4, or the cooling hot water supply line 21 is provided. Three-way valve 11 to be supplied is installed, 상기 축열조(3)와 스택열교환기(2)를 연결하는 온수순환라인의 상기 냉방용온수리턴라인(22) 연결부에 개방방향에 따라 냉방용온수리턴라인(22)의 온수를 스택열교환기(2)쪽으로 유입시키거나 상기 축열조(3)의 온수를 스택열교환기(2)쪽으로 유입시키는 삼방밸브(12)가 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The hot water of the cooling hot water return line 22 along the opening direction of the cooling hot water return line 22 of the hot water circulation line connecting the heat storage tank 3 and the stack heat exchanger 2 to the stack heat exchanger 2. The fuel cell system having a cooling function, characterized in that the three-way valve (12) is introduced to flow in or toward the stack heat exchanger (2). 청구항 5에 있어서, 상기 삼방밸브(12)와 스택열교환기(2) 사이에 펌프(5)가 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein a pump (5) is provided between the three-way valve (12) and the stack heat exchanger (2). 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 스택열교환기(2)와 축열조(3)의 사이와 상기 축열조(3)와 보일러(4)의 사이에 각각 삼방밸브(13,14)가 설치되고, 이들 삼방밸브(13,14) 사이에 상기 스택열교환기(2)를 우회하는 바이패스라인(23)이 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉방기능을 갖는 연료전지 시스템.The three-way valve (13, 14) is provided between the stack heat exchanger (2) and the heat storage tank (3), and between the heat storage tank (3) and the boiler (4), respectively. And a bypass line (23) bypassing the stack heat exchanger (2) between the fuel cell systems having a cooling function.
KR1020070086639A 2007-08-28 2007-08-28 Fuel cell system with cooling function Ceased KR20090021807A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102635890A (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-08-15 大连船舶重工集团装备制造有限公司 Electrode hot-water boiler heat-storage-type heat supplying system
KR101531291B1 (en) * 2014-05-14 2015-07-06 부산대학교 산학협력단 high-brid cogeneration system
CN109519230A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-03-26 贵州电网有限责任公司 A kind of expansion power generator turns to fine-tune system and method
KR20240081926A (en) * 2022-12-01 2024-06-10 한국에너지기술연구원 Energy system using exhaust heat of fuel cell
CN119742395A (en) * 2024-12-12 2025-04-01 云南大学 A cogeneration system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and heat pump coupled based on new liquid cooling technology

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102635890A (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-08-15 大连船舶重工集团装备制造有限公司 Electrode hot-water boiler heat-storage-type heat supplying system
KR101531291B1 (en) * 2014-05-14 2015-07-06 부산대학교 산학협력단 high-brid cogeneration system
CN109519230A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-03-26 贵州电网有限责任公司 A kind of expansion power generator turns to fine-tune system and method
CN109519230B (en) * 2019-01-07 2024-03-26 贵州电网有限责任公司 Expansion generator conversion fine adjustment system and method
KR20240081926A (en) * 2022-12-01 2024-06-10 한국에너지기술연구원 Energy system using exhaust heat of fuel cell
CN119742395A (en) * 2024-12-12 2025-04-01 云南大学 A cogeneration system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and heat pump coupled based on new liquid cooling technology
CN119742395B (en) * 2024-12-12 2025-11-11 云南大学 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and heat pump coupled cogeneration system based on liquid cooling technology

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