KR20080082840A - Non point source total amount measurement system and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

A rainfall meter for measuring rainfall in the target basin; A flow rate meter for measuring the flow rate of the stream representing the target basin; A water quality meter for measuring the water quality of representative rivers in the target basin; A data server connected to the rainfall measuring instrument, the flow measuring instrument, and the water quality measuring instrument, receiving and storing measured data measured therein, and storing basic data about the target watershed; The non-point source measuring system and the non-point source measuring method using the same; characterized in that it comprises a control unit for calculating the total amount of non-point source in the target basin based on the basic data stored in the data server and the measurement data transmitted from each of the measuring devices Is initiated.

Description

A system to measurement total amount of the nonpoint pollution source and measurmenting method using the same}

1 is a schematic diagram showing a non-point source total amount measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a diagram illustrating representative subwatersheds and monitoring point selection of the entire watershed subject.

Figure 3 is a flow chart for explaining the method for measuring the total amount of non-point source according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a graph showing the rainfall, flow rate and water quality over time in a specific subwatershed.

<Description of Symbols for Major Parts of Drawings>

10 .. Water quality meter 20 .. Flow meter

30. Rainfall meter 40. Data server

41 .. Water quality DB 42 .. Flow rate DB

43..Rainfall DB 44..Basic Status DB

50 .. Operation server 51 .. Operation department

52..Interpretation 70..Overall watershed

71. Representative subwatershed 73. Monitoring branch

The present invention relates to a non-point source total amount measurement system and measuring method for monitoring the non-point source in a certain target area to measure the total amount.

In general, nonpoint sources are pollutants distributed over a large area and refer to loads of forests, grassland, urban land, construction sites, agricultural land, river sediments, roads, air pollution sediments, etc. In addition, seasonal changes in emissions are difficult and difficult to predict and quantify.

In the situation where the treatment of nonpoint source is a national environmental issue, the nonpoint source of the watershed is identified, the total amount of pollution is calculated, the optimal management technology for each drainage area is presented, and the corresponding legislative proposal is proposed and There is a need to develop institutional management measures, and therefore, there is an urgent need to develop analytical data estimation technology for quantitative and non-point contamination.

Conventionally, in calculating the total amount of nonpoint sources and deriving optimal management techniques for nonpoint sources, representative stream flow and water quality (content of turbidity, phosphorus, pesticides, etc.) of the entire target treatment area are measured through several manual measurements. This was used as a representative non-point source total value for a year.

However, this estimation method is inefficient in terms of accuracy because it lacks representativeness of flow data which is an important factor in estimating the total amount of nonpoint source.

In addition, the non-point source total amount estimation technique is calculated through the measurement of discontinuous flow rate and water quality for a specific period, but is calculated with the measured data ignoring the time-related relationship of each measurement value, so the problem that the accuracy is lowered have.

The present invention has been made to improve the above problems, and improved non-point source total amount measurement system and its measuring method to accurately measure the total amount of point source in consideration of the time-phase correlation of rainfall, flow rate and water quality. The purpose is to provide.

Method for measuring the total amount of non-point source of the present invention for achieving the above object, (a) measuring the rainfall of the target basin; (b) measuring the flow rate of the stream representing the target basin; (c) measuring the water quality of the river representing the target basin; (d) calculating the total amount of nonpoint source of the target watershed based on the measured data of rainfall, flow rate and water quality, and the basic data of the target watershed.

The step (d) may include obtaining measurement data measured at predetermined time intervals for each of the rainfall, the flow rate, and the water quality; Calculating a parameter to correct the acquired measurement data for each item; And calculating the total amount of nonpoint sources of the target watershed using the calculated parameters.

The parameter calculating step may include estimating the data value of each item of a time zone not measured based on the measurement data for each item measured for each time zone and the basic data; Obtaining an estimation function based on the estimated data and an actual measurement function based on the measured data; And obtaining a parameter based on an error between the measured function and the estimated function.

In addition, in the step (c), it is preferable to measure at least two or more of water turbidity, ph, temperature, alkalinity, phosphorus content and pesticide content.

The method may further include: dividing an opponent target area into a plurality of subwatersheds; Selecting a representative subwatershed among the divided subwatersheds, and applying the steps (a) to (d) to the representative subwatershed to calculate the total amount of nonpoint pollutant sources in the representative subwatershed, Based on the calculated total amount of nonpoint sources, it is good practice to calculate the total amount of nonpoint sources for all watersheds.

In addition, the non-point source total amount measurement system of the present invention for achieving the above object, the rain gauge for measuring the rainfall of the target basin; A flow rate meter for measuring the flow rate of the stream representing the target basin; A water quality meter for measuring the water quality of the representative river in the target basin; A data server connected to the rainfall measuring instrument, the flow measuring instrument and the water quality measuring instrument to receive and store measured data measured therein, and storing basic data about the target watershed; And a controller configured to calculate the total amount of nonpoint source pollution in the target basin based on the basic data stored in the data server and the measurement data transmitted from each of the measuring devices.

Here, the control unit calculates a parameter for correcting the data measured by each measuring unit based on the basic data, and calculates the total amount of non-point source of the target watershed by applying the calculated parameter to the measured data. It is preferable.

Hereinafter, a non-point source total amount measuring system and a measuring method thereof according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a nonpoint source total amount measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a specific monitoring point 73 designated as a representative basin (watershed) 71 of a target basin 70 that is a target of nonpoint source management. The water server 10, the flow meter 20, and the rainfall meter 30, which are installed, and the data server 40 in which the measured data measured by each of the meters 10, 20, and 30 and the basic data about the target watershed are stored. And a control unit 50 (hereinafter referred to as an operation server).

Each of the water quality meter 10, the flow meter 20, and the rainfall meter 30 is installed at a specific monitoring point 73 in the representative subwatershed 71 of the target watershed 70, and the water quality of the representative stream on a specific time unit, The flow rate and rainfall of the region are respectively measured, and the measured data are transmitted to the data server 40 using a wired or wireless communication network. Each of these measuring instruments 10, 20, 30 is preferably provided in a plurality of specific monitoring points (73).

The data server 40 may include a basin size, a representative subwatershed 71, and other divided subwatersheds 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, and 81 of the target watershed 70 to be managed. , The rivers 74 of the target basin 70, the slope of each subwatershed, land cover status, point source status, impermeable layer, forest status, past rainfall, flow rate, water quality, rainfall and flow rate, and water quality characteristics, etc. Basic status DB 44 in which the same basic data is stored, water quality DB 41 for managing data received from the water quality meter 10, and flow rate DB 42 for managing data received from the flow meter 20. ), A rainfall DB 43 for managing rainfall data received from the rainfall meter 30.

 The calculation server 50, the calculation unit 51 for calculating the total amount of non-point pollution source of the target watershed in the data server 40, and the mediation to correct the rainfall, flow rate and water quality data measured based on the basic data of the target watershed An analysis unit 52 for performing an analysis process required to calculate the variable is provided.

The method for measuring the total amount of non-point source in the target basin 70 using the non-point source total amount measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration will be described.

First, with reference to Figure 3 will be described step by step how to measure the total amount of non-point source.

First, basic status data including watershed area, drainage area, river status, weather, land use type, slope, past rainfall pattern, rainfall, flow rate, water quality, etc. of the target basin are constructed (S10).

In addition, the basin is divided and divided into drainage zones by using the constructed basic status data (S11). Subsequently, the representative subwatershed 71 is selected from the plurality of divided subwatersheds (S12).

In addition, a point 73 to be monitored is selected in the selected representative subwatershed 71 (S13), and each measurement item is measured at the selected monitoring points 73 (S14). The measured items are water quality, flow rate, and rainfall at the monitoring point 73 measured by the water quality meter 10, the flow meter 20, and the rainfall meter 30, respectively. In addition, the measuring devices 10, 20, and 30 may be set to measure respective items at predetermined time intervals, for example, at one hour intervals.

Subsequently, the data server 40 receives and accumulates the item-specific data measured by each of the measuring devices 10, 20, and 30 (S15). In operation S16, the operation server 50 estimates data for a time zone not measured based on the measurement data accumulated in the data server 40 and the basic status data.

The associating server 50 obtains a parameter for correcting an error between the estimation function based on the estimated data and the measurement function for the measured data (S17). In other words, based on the measurement data measured at 1 hour intervals as described above, and based on the basic data about the target watershed for each item for the time zone that could not be measured, the function indicating the predicted value and the actual measurement Based on the measured data, a parameter can be calculated to correct the difference between the functions. Here, the basic data for the specific subwatershed may include various data such as soil, pollutant location, past accumulated rainfall, precipitation pattern, river characteristics at the monitoring point, and the like.

Next, the calculation server 50 calculates the total amount of non-point source in the representative subwatershed based on the corrected parameters and the data for each of the measured items (S18).

And based on the total amount of nonpoint sources calculated in the representative subwatershed, the total amount of nonpoint sources for the entire watershed is calculated (S19).

Here, in the step (S18) of calculating the total amount of nonpoint sources in the representative subwatershed, the subwatershed can be divided into subdivided into a permeable area and an impervious area, for example. The permeable area refers to an area where the shape of the ground can be absorbed a lot of water such as soil, sand, gravel, mountains, land, etc., and the impervious area represents an area where water is difficult to absorb such as concrete or asphalt. Can be. The total amount of nonpoint source sources calculated based on the area ratio of the permeable area and the impervious area or the area size thereof can be corrected.

On the other hand, the method for calculating the total amount of non-point source in the representative basin as described above will be described through the following equation (1).

F (Total Nonpoint Source) = aF1 (rainfall) + bF2 (flow) + cF3 (water quality)

Where a, b and c represent parameters.

Each of the functions F1 (rainfall), F2 (flow rate), and F3 (water quality) may be represented in different cycles based on time t, as shown in FIG. 4.

That is, as shown in Figure 4, the change in precipitation, water quality, and flow rate in the representative subwatershed by the time (t) band to form a different cycle, the actual point of time measuring each item is about 1 hour or 2 hours Can be a unit. Therefore, the calculated functions (F1 ', F2', F3 ') based on the measured values of precipitation, water quality, and flow rate may have a great difference from the actual time zone. In order to correct this difference, the parameters a, b, and c are provided, and the parameters a, b, and c are stored in the data server 40 in the operation server 50 as described above. Based on the basic data and the measured item-specific data, it can be obtained by estimating the precipitation, water quality and flow rate values at the unmeasured time point.

For example, when calculating the total amount of nonpoint source at a specific point in time, the total amount of nonpoint source (g / m ³ ) = measured water quality (g / T (ton)) × [rainfall (T (ton) / s)] / It can obtain | require as [flow rate (m <^3> / s)].

Here, the water quality (g / T) may include the turbidity of the water taken from the monitoring point or the content of phosphorus or the content of pesticides. Rainfall (T / s) represents the amount of rain (T; Tone) per second (sec) in a specific area having a predetermined area. In addition, the flow rate (m ³ / s) represents the amount of water flowing per second (m ³ ) at the monitoring point of a representative river in a particular watershed, and measures the water level and the flow rate of the water in a river having a predetermined depth and width. Will be available.

However, as shown in each of the functions F1, F2, and F3 in FIG. 4, the peaks of the respective functions appear differently with time differences. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately calculate the total amount of nonpoint source with only measured values at a given time.

Therefore, the total amount of nonpoint source can be obtained by predicting the functions F1 ', F2', and F3 'using the measured values measured in predetermined time units, but even in this case, the measured time points are determined by the specific functions F1, F2, Measurements can be made at points outside the peak or minimum of F3). In this case, unlike the actual functions F1, F2, and F3, it can be estimated as a completely different function (F1 ', F2', F3 ').

Therefore, first, the functions (F1 ', F2', F3 ') are predicted with the measured values of three items for each time period, and then the basic data stored in the data server 40 and the respective functions (F1). Based on the correlation between ', F2', F3 '), the values of the parameters (a, b, c) can be obtained to have values close to the actual functions (F1, F2, F3). By applying a, b, and c), the exact amount of nonpoint source can be calculated.

According to the non-point source measuring system and measuring method of the present invention described above, by obtaining a parameter that can correct the measured rainfall, flow rate and water quality based on the basic status of the target area and the accumulated data of the past, More accurate forecasts and calculations of rainfall, flowrates and water quality at times not yet measured are possible.

Therefore, the total amount of nonpoint sources in the target area can be calculated more accurately.

In addition, by selecting representative subwatersheds among the target watersheds that require the management of nonpoint sources, they measure rainfall and the flow and quality of the rivers, and calculate parameters more accurately based on the accumulated basic data. At a cost, the total amount of nonpoint sources in large target areas can be quantified. Therefore, by providing basic data necessary for reducing and managing nonpoint source, it can be utilized as important information for establishing a nonpoint source management plan later.

In the above, certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention claimed in the claims may make various modifications and variations. Implementation will be possible.

Claims (7)

(a) measuring rainfall in the target basin; (b) measuring the flow rate of the stream representing the target basin; (c) measuring the water quality of the river representing the target basin; (d) estimating the total amount of nonpoint sources in the target basin based on the measured data of rainfall, flow rate and water quality and the baseline data of the target basin. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) Acquiring measurement data measured at predetermined time intervals for each of the rainfall, the flow rate, and the water quality; Calculating a parameter to correct the acquired measurement data for each item; And And calculating the total amount of nonpoint sources of the target watershed using the calculated parameters. The method of claim 2, wherein in the parameter calculating step, Estimating a data value of each item of a time zone not measured based on the measurement data of each item measured for each time zone and the basic data; Obtaining an estimation function based on the estimated data and an actual measurement function based on the measured data; And And obtaining a parameter based on an error between the measured function and the estimated function. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (c), Method for measuring the total amount of non-point source, characterized in that for measuring at least two or more of water turbidity, ph, temperature, alkalinity, phosphorus content and pesticide content. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, Dividing the opponent target area into a plurality of subwatersheds; Selecting a representative subwatershed among the divided subwatersheds; Applying the steps (a) to (d) to the representative subwatershed to calculate the total amount of nonpoint sources in the representative subwatershed, and the total amount of nonpoint sources in all the watersheds based on the total amount of nonpoint sources calculated in the representative subwatershed Non-point source measurement method, characterized in that for calculating the. A rainfall meter for measuring rainfall in the target basin; A flow rate meter for measuring the flow rate of the stream representing the target basin; A water quality meter for measuring the water quality of the representative river in the target basin; A data server connected to the rainfall measuring instrument, the flow measuring instrument and the water quality measuring instrument to receive and store measured data measured therein, and storing basic data about the target watershed; And a control unit configured to calculate the total amount of nonpoint sources in the target basin based on the basic data stored in the data server and the measurement data transmitted from each of the measuring devices. The method of claim 6, wherein the control unit, A non-point source, characterized in that for calculating a parameter for correcting the data measured by each measuring unit based on the basic data, and applying the calculated parameter to the measured data to calculate the total amount of non-point source in the target watershed. Measuring system.

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