KR20060035652A - β-L-2-데옥시 뉴클레오시드의 합성 - Google Patents
β-L-2-데옥시 뉴클레오시드의 합성 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20060035652A KR20060035652A KR1020057025429A KR20057025429A KR20060035652A KR 20060035652 A KR20060035652 A KR 20060035652A KR 1020057025429 A KR1020057025429 A KR 1020057025429A KR 20057025429 A KR20057025429 A KR 20057025429A KR 20060035652 A KR20060035652 A KR 20060035652A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- nucleoside
- deoxy
- reacting
- furanosyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 104
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15-crown-5 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCO1 VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 claims description 164
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 138
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 129
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 87
- -1 ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-CSMHCCOUSA-N telbivudine Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-CSMHCCOUSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 57
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-BIIVOSGPSA-N 2'-deoxythymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Substances CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003843 furanosyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethylethanamine Substances CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002718 pyrimidine nucleoside Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000548 ribosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003264 L-arabinofuranosyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])[C@]1([H])OC([H])(*)[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]1([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- CBLAFETVFKXIBH-UZBSEBFBSA-N (3s,4s,5s)-3-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](Br)C(=O)O[C@@H]1CBr CBLAFETVFKXIBH-UZBSEBFBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005549 deoxyribonucleoside Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YSAVZVORKRDODB-OLQVQODUSA-N diethyl (2r,3s)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OCC YSAVZVORKRDODB-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 65
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005650 intramolecular substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940034982 antineoplastic agent Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940127073 nucleoside analogue Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 58
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 49
- DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta-D-1-Arabinofuranosylthymine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- CUOKHACJLGPRHD-FLRLBIABSA-N D-xylono-1,4-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O CUOKHACJLGPRHD-FLRLBIABSA-N 0.000 description 37
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 33
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 27
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 22
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- YIXDEYPPAGPYDP-DMTCNVIQSA-N 2-deoxy-L-arabinono-1,4-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1OC(=O)C[C@H]1O YIXDEYPPAGPYDP-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229960005311 telbivudine Drugs 0.000 description 15
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 12
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-MROZADKFSA-N aldehydo-L-ribose Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-MROZADKFSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UGJBHEZMOKVTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-formylglycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC=O UGJBHEZMOKVTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-VAYJURFESA-N aldehydo-L-arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-VAYJURFESA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 0 *C=C(C(C1)O)OC1=O Chemical compound *C=C(C(C1)O)OC1=O 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N (+)-Galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 8
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- WEQPBCSPRXFQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole Chemical class C1CC=NO1 WEQPBCSPRXFQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 6
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006894 reductive elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/09—Pyrimidine radicals with arabinosyl as the saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
- C07H15/203—Monocyclic carbocyclic rings other than cyclohexane rings; Bicyclic carbocyclic ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/073—Pyrimidine radicals with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H9/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
- C07H9/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
- C07H9/04—Cyclic acetals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H9/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
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Abstract
Description
Claims (62)
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 산소 보호 그룹이 톨루오일인 방법.
- a) 화학식 (K)의 에스테르를 환원제, DIBAL로 환원시켜 화학식 (L)의 알데히드를 수득하고,b) 화학식 (L)의 알데히드를 포스페이트 (i)와 반응시킨 후, 환원제, DIBAL로 환원시켜 화학식 (M)의 알켄을 수득하며,c) 화학식 (M)의 알켄을 산화제, Ti(OPr)4 (+) DET와 반응시켜 화학식 (N)의 에폭사이드를 수득한 후,d) 화학식 (N)의 에폭사이드에서 유리 알콜을 임의로 보호하여 화학식 (O)의 임의로 보호된 에폭사이드를 수득하고,e) 화학식 (O)의 임의로 보호된 에폭사이드를 산과 반응시켜 화학식 (P)의 디올을 수득한 다음,f) 화학식 (P)의 디올을 폐환시켜 중간체 (Q)를 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 화학식 (Q)의 중간체를 제조하는 방법:
- a) D-크실로스를 브롬/물의 존재하에서 반응시켜 1,4-락톤을 형성하고;b) 단계 a)로부터의 1,4-락톤을 HBr/아세트산과 반응시켜 2,5-디브로모-2,5-디데옥시-D-릭소노-1,4-락톤을 제공하며;c) 단계 b)로부터의 2,5-디브로모-2,5-디데옥시-D-릭소노-1,4-락톤을 TFA중의 KI로 처리하여 5-요오도-2-데옥시락톤을 제조한 후;d) 단계 c)로부터의 5-요오도-2-데옥시락톤을 수성 KOH와 반응시켜 4,5-에폭시-3-하이드록시-부틸-포타슘 에스테르를 제공하고;e) 단계 d)로부터의 에스테르 화합물 생성물을 수성 산으로 처리하여 2-데옥시 L-리보노락톤을 제공한 다음;f) 단계 e)로부터의 2-데옥시 L-리보노락톤을 Red-Al로 환원시켜 상응하는 락톨을 제공하며;g) 단계 f)로부터의 락톨을 톨루오일 염소 및 TEA와 반응시켜 1-, 3-, 5-트리-O-톨루오일-2-데옥시-리보푸라노스를 제공하고;h) 단계 g)로부터의 1-, 3-, 5-트리-O-톨루오일-2-데옥시-리보푸라노스를 HCl과 반응시켜 1-클로로-2-데옥시-3-, 5-디-O-톨루오일-리보푸라노스를 제공한 후;i) 단계 h)로부터의 1-클로로-3-, 5-디-O-톨루오일-리보푸라노스를 HMDS의 존재하에서 뉴클레오시드 염기와 반응시켜 1-뉴클레오시드 염기-2'-데옥시-3'-, 5'-디-O-톨루오일-리보푸라노스를 제조하며;j) 단계 i)로부터의 1-뉴클레오시드 염기-2'-데옥시-3'-, 5'-디-O-톨루오일-리보푸라노스를 NaOMe로 처리하여 단계 i) 생성물상의 3',5'-디-O-톨루오일 치환체 를 탈보호하여 최종 생성물 뉴클레오시드를 제공하는 하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 뉴클레오시드, 뉴클레오시드 유사체, 또는 그의 약제학적으로 허용되는 염 또는 프로드럭을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 뉴클레오시드가 β-D 또는 β-L 2'-데옥시-리보뉴클레오시드인 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 뉴클레오시드가 β-L 2'-데옥시-티미딘인 방법.
- a) 임의로 보호된 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-뉴클레오시드를 수득하고;b) 단계 (a)로부터의 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-뉴클레오시드를 환원제 및 봉쇄제(sequestering agent)와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시뉴클레오시드 또는 2'-치환된 뉴클레오시드를 제공한 후;c) 필요 또는 경우에 따라, 하나 이상의 보호된 하이드록실 그룹을 탈보호하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 2'-데옥시뉴클레오시드 또는 2'-치환된 뉴클레오시드를 제조하는 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸, 실릴 및 디메톡시트리틸로 구성된 그룹중에서 선택되는 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸인 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 디메톡시트리틸인 방법.
- 제 14 항 내지 17 항중 어느 한항에 있어서, 단계 (c)에서 탈보호를 산 또는 산 수지를 약 50 ℃의 온도에서 첨가하여 수행하는 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 단계 (b)에서 환원제가 Red-Al인 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 단계 (b)에서 봉쇄제가 15-크라운-5 에테르인 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 단계 (b)에서 반응을 극성 용매중에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 21 항에 있어서, 극성 용매가 THF 및/또는 DME인 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 단계 (b)에서 반응 온도가 약 0-5 ℃인 방법.
- a) 보호 그룹과 반응시켜 푸라노실 환상의 하나 이상의 하이드록실 그룹을 임의로 보호하고;b) 단계 (a)로부터의 푸라노실 환을 임의로 치환된 천연 또는 비천연 피리미 딘 뉴클레오시드 염기와 축합시켜 뉴클레오시드를 형성하며;c) 단계 (b)로부터의 뉴클레오시드를 축합제와 반응시켜 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-뉴클레오시드를 제공한 다음;d) 단계 (c)로부터의 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-뉴클레오시드를 환원제 및 봉쇄제와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시뉴클레오시드를 제공하거나, 적절한 친핵성 시약 또는 유기-금속과 반응시켜 2'-치환된 뉴클레오시드를 제공하고;e) 필요 또는 경우에 따라, 하나 이상의 보호된 하이드록실 그룹을 탈보호하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 2'-데옥시뉴클레오시드 또는 2'-치환된 뉴클레오시드를 제조하는 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸, 실릴 및 디메톡시트리틸로 구성된 그룹중에서 선택되는 방법.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸인 방법.
- 제 25 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 디메톡시트리틸인 방법.
- 제 24 항 내지 27 항중 어느 한항에 있어서, 단계 (e)에서 탈보호를 산 또는 산 수지를 약 50 ℃의 온도에서 첨가하여 수행하는 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (b)에서 축합을 용매 및 임의로 촉매의 존재하에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (c)에서 축합제가 염기 및 유기 용매 존재하의 디알킬 또는 디아릴 카보네이트인 방법.
- 제 30 항에 있어서, 축합제가 PhOCOOPh/NaHCO3이고, 유기 용매가 DMF인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (c)에서 반응을 고온에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 온도가 약 140-150 ℃인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 환원제가 Red-Al인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 봉쇄제가 15-크라운-5 에테르인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응을 극성 용매중에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 36 항에 있어서, 극성 용매가 THF 및/또는 DME인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응 온도가 약 0-5 ℃인 방법.
- 제 24 항에 있어서, 푸라노실 환이 α- 또는 β-, D- 또는 L-아라비노푸라노실, 크실로푸라노실 또는 리보푸라노실 환인 방법.
- a) 보호 그룹과 반응시켜 푸라노실 환상의 하나 이상의 하이드록실 그룹을 임의로 보호하고;b) 임의로 보호된 푸라노실 환을 시아나미드와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 푸라노실아미노옥사졸린을 형성한 후;c) 임의로 보호된 푸라노실아미노옥사졸린을 폐환제 또는 축합제와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-티미딘을 제공하며;d) 임의로 보호된 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-티미딘을 환원제 및 봉쇄제와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시티미딘을 제공한 다음;e) 필요 또는 경우에 따라, 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시티미딘을 탈보호하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 2'-데옥시티미딘을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸, 실릴 및 디메톡시트리틸로 구성된 그룹중에서 선택되는 방법.
- 제 41 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸인 방법.
- 제 41 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 디메톡시트리틸인 방법.
- 제 40 항 내지 43 항중 어느 한항에 있어서, 단계 (e)에서 탈보호를 산 또는 산 수지를 약 50 ℃의 온도에서 첨가하여 수행하는 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 환원제가 Red-Al인 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 봉쇄제가 15-크라운-5 에테르인 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응을 극성 용매중에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 48 항에 있어서, 극성 용매가 THF 및/또는 DME인 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응 온도가 약 0-5 ℃인 방법.
- 제 40 항에 있어서, 푸라노실 환이 α- 또는 β-, D- 또는 L-아라비노푸라노실, 크실로푸라노실 또는 리보푸라노실 환인 방법.
- a) 보호 그룹과 반응시켜 푸라노실 환상의 하나 이상의 하이드록실 그룹을 임의로 보호하고;b) 임의로 보호된 푸라노실 환을 시아나미드와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 푸라노실아미노옥사졸린을 형성한 후;c) 임의로 보호된 푸라노실아미노옥사졸린을 폐환제 또는 축합제와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-티미딘을 제공하며;d) 임의로 보호된 2,2'-언하이드로-1-푸라노실-티미딘을 환원제와 반응시켜 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시티미딘을 제공한 다음;e) 필요 또는 경우에 따라, 임의로 보호된 2'-데옥시티미딘을 탈보호하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 2'-데옥시티미딘을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸, 실릴 및 디메톡시트리틸로 구성된 그룹중에서 선택되는 방법.
- 제 53 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 트리틸인 방법.
- 제 53 항에 있어서, 임의의 보호 그룹이 디메톡시트리틸인 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 단계 (e)에서 탈보호를 산 또는 산 수지를 약 50 ℃의 온도에서 첨가하여 수행하는 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 환원제가 Red-Al인 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응을 극성 용매중에서 수행하는 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 극성 용매가 THF 및/또는 DME인 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 단계 (d)에서 반응 온도가 약 0-5 ℃인 방법.
- 제 52 항에 있어서, 푸라노실 환이 α- 또는 β-, D- 또는 L-아라비노푸라노실, 크실로푸라노실 또는 리보푸라노실 환인 방법.
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| JP2005289964A (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-10-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 2−デオキシ−l−リボース化合物の製造方法 |
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- 2004-06-30 JP JP2006518785A patent/JP2007527396A/ja active Pending
- 2004-06-30 CA CA002531412A patent/CA2531412A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-30 KR KR1020057025429A patent/KR20060035652A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-30 US US10/882,893 patent/US20050059632A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-30 EP EP04777433A patent/EP1639121A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-30 RU RU2006102518/04A patent/RU2361875C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-30 EP EP09075403A patent/EP2157095A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-30 MX MXPA06000162A patent/MXPA06000162A/es unknown
- 2004-06-30 WO PCT/US2004/021281 patent/WO2005003374A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-30 AU AU2004254620A patent/AU2004254620A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-30 NZ NZ544634A patent/NZ544634A/en unknown
- 2004-06-30 BR BRPI0412031-0A patent/BRPI0412031A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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2009
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Also Published As
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| NO20060469L (no) | 2006-03-30 |
| EP2157095A3 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
| JP2007527396A (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
| EP1639121A4 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
| US20050059632A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
| WO2005003374A3 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| NZ544634A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
| RU2006102518A (ru) | 2006-07-27 |
| MXPA06000162A (es) | 2006-03-21 |
| AU2004254620A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| RU2361875C2 (ru) | 2009-07-20 |
| CA2531412A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| EP1639121A2 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| BRPI0412031A (pt) | 2006-09-19 |
| WO2005003374A2 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| EP2157095A2 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| RU2009115775A (ru) | 2010-10-27 |
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