KR20050078443A - Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, wherein the electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent including 70 to 95% by volume of a cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of a nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1; And lithium salts.

[Formula 1]

(In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon.

The lithium secondary battery containing the electrolyte of the present invention has improved high temperature swelling characteristics and excellent capacity characteristics.

Description

ELECTROLYTE FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING SAME

[Industrial use]

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, and more particularly, to a lithium secondary battery electrolyte having excellent high temperature swelling characteristics and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.

[Prior art]

Recently, with the development of the high-tech electronic industry, it is possible to reduce the weight and weight of electronic equipment, thereby increasing the use of portable electronic devices. As a power source for such portable electronic devices, the necessity of a battery having a high energy density has been increased, and research on lithium secondary batteries has been actively conducted. Lithium-transition metal oxide is used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, and carbon (crystalline or amorphous) or a carbon composite material is used as a negative electrode active material. The active material is applied to a current collector with a suitable thickness and length, or the active material itself is coated in a film shape to be wound or laminated with a separator, which is an insulator, to form an electrode group, and then placed in a can or a similar container, and then injected with an electrolyte solution. To produce a rectangular secondary battery.

The electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt and an organic solvent. As the organic solvent, a two- to five-component solvent consisting of cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and linear carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate was used. However, the solvents have a problem of exhibiting poor swelling characteristics in which an excessive swelling phenomenon occurs at a high temperature. The swelling phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which a central portion of a specific surface is deformed, such as a battery swelling in a specific direction.

As a method for suppressing this swelling phenomenon, US Pat. No. 4,830,939 describes a polymer electrolyte comprising a polyethylenicially unsaturated monomoeric material or a prepolymonomeric material. 4,886,716 describes polymer electrolytes comprising cross-cured polyethers, copolymer products of vinyl ethers. In addition, US Pat. No. 4,970,012 discloses a polymer electrolyte comprising a compound crosslinked with cinnamate ester, polyetherylene oxide, and the like, and US Pat. No. 4,908,283 a polymer comprising acryloyl-modified polyalkylene oxide. Electrolytes are described.

That is, conventionally, the main chain tried to suppress high temperature swelling through crosslinking of a polyfunctional monomer composed of poly (alkylene oxide) or polyalkylene units, but there was a performance limitation.

In particular, in order to manufacture a higher capacity battery, cobalt-based compounds such as LiCoO ₂ , which have been mainly used as a cathode active material, are mixed with lithium nickel-based compounds having a very large theoretical capacity, and used as a cathode active material. When applied to an electrolyte battery using a carbonate-based solvent, there was a problem that excessively high temperature swelling occurs.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery excellent in high temperature swelling characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery prepared using the polymer electrolyte composition.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a non-aqueous organic solvent comprising 70 to 95% by volume of the cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of a nitrile-based solvent of the formula (1); And it provides an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery containing a lithium salt.

[Formula 1]

(In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon)

The present invention also provides the electrolyte; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium; And it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium. More preferable positive electrode active material is a compound containing nickel.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery capable of improving high temperature swelling characteristics.

The electrolyte of the present invention includes a lithium salt and a non-aqueous organic solvent including 70 to 95% by volume of the cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of the nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1 below.

[Formula 1]

In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably C ₃ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbon Or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, more preferably C ₅ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. As such, the higher the number of alkyl groups in the hydrocarbon, that is, the higher the alkylation point, the higher the melting point (boiling point), and the safety is improved, and in the case of aliphatic hydrocarbons rather than aromatics, less decomposition is more preferable. In Formula 1, when R is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, for example, methacrylate, it may not be used as a solvent of the electrolyte, which is not preferable.

The electrolyte of the present invention comprises 5 to 30% by volume of the nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1, more preferably 15 to 25% by volume. When the nitrile-based solvent is contained in less than 5% by volume, there is a problem that there is no improvement effect of the swelling property, and when it exceeds 30% by volume, there is a problem in battery performance. Therefore, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-124077, which describes the use of acetonitrile, uses acetonitrile in excess of 60% by volume, which is not preferable because it cannot prevent problems in battery performance and problems of deterioration in safety. In addition, US Pat. No. 6,190,804 only mentions that nitrile can be used as a solvent in the preparation of a solid electrolyte, and since nitrile-based solvent usage is not mentioned at all, it is difficult to expect the effect of the present invention from this patent.

More preferred nitrile solvents include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile and cyclo Hexane Carbon Nitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile, dichlorobenzonitrile , Trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile At least one selected from the group consisting of.

The nitrile-based compound may have a low viscosity and a high dielectric constant to suppress swelling.

In the electrolyte of the present invention, the non-aqueous organic solvent includes 70 to 95% by volume of the cyclic ester in addition to 5 to 30% by volume of the nitrile compound. At this time, the cyclic ester preferably contains 10 to 40% by volume of ethylene carbonate, more preferably 10 to 15% by volume. If the content of the ethylene carbonate is more than 40% by volume, the swelling characteristics are deteriorated, and there is a problem that the battery performance is deteriorated, and if it is less than 10% by volume, the battery performance is deteriorated.

Therefore, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 7-320748 described on the use of nitrile-based compounds is thought to be unable to completely solve the problem of deterioration of swelling characteristics and deterioration of battery performance since the use of ethylene carbonate in an excessive amount of 25 to 95% by volume. .

 Thus, up to 40% by volume of ethylene carbonate, ie 10 to 40% by volume, preferably 10 to 15% by volume, of 70 to 95% by volume of the total content of the cyclic ester, which is one of the nonaqueous organic solvents used in the electrolyte of the present invention. The remaining 30 to 85% by volume, preferably 55 to 85% by volume is propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero One or a mixture thereof may be used selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-valerolactones.

The organic solvent further includes a linear ester, the content of which may be greater than 0 parts by volume and up to 70 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total cyclic ester and nitrile solvent. The linear ester may be selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl formate, and mixtures thereof. Can be.

Lithium salt in the electrolyte of the present invention acts as a source of lithium ions in the battery to enable the operation of the basic lithium battery, for example, LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiAlO ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiN (C _x F _{2x + 1} SO ₂ ) (C _y F _{2y + 1} SO ₂ ) Wherein x and y are natural water and LiSO ₃ CF ₃ includes one or more or mixtures thereof.

Concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte of the present invention can be used within the range of 0.6 to 2.0M, preferably 0.7 to 1.6M range. If the concentration of the lithium salt is less than 0.6M, the conductivity of the electrolyte is lowered and the performance of the electrolyte is lowered. If the lithium salt is more than 2.0M, the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased, thereby reducing the mobility of lithium ions.

The electrolyte of the present invention may further include carbonate additives having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ) and additives such as vinylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone, ethylene sulfite, and the like. Can be. Further addition of such additives is preferable because it can provide a battery having excellent electrochemical properties such as high temperature swelling characteristics, capacity, lifespan, and low temperature characteristics. As such carbonate additives, ethylene carbonate derivatives represented by the following formula (5) are preferred, and fluoroethylene carbonate is most preferred.

[Formula 5]

(Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ).)

The carbonate additive is included in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. When the amount of the carbonate additive is less than 0.01 parts by weight, it is difficult to expect the effect of suppressing gas generation inside the battery. When the amount of the carbonate additive is more than 10 parts by weight, the high temperature life is not good and the problem of swelling at high temperature occurs.

The electrolyte of the present invention may be used as a liquid electrolyte in this way, and a polymer electrolyte may be formed by further adding a monomer and a polymerization initiator to the electrolyte. In the case of using the electrolyte further using the monomer and the polymerization initiator in the manufacture of the battery, after assembling the battery using the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte of the present invention, a step of performing a polymerization process at a specific temperature to form a polymer electrolyte further. Conduct. Since this polymerization process is well known in the art, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The monomer may include a first monomer having a molecular weight of 50 to 100,000 having two or more functional groups including an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4 at the chain end thereof, or the first monomer and the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4 A mixture of second monomers having a molecular weight of 50 to 100,000 having one or more functional groups containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group is preferred.

[Formula 2]

(R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -C (= O)-

[Formula 3]

(R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ )-

[Formula 4]

(R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -CH _2-

(In Formulas 2 to 4, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are the same or independently H, C ₂ to C ₁₀ aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, -C≡N, -OR ₅ (wherein R ₅ is H, CH ₃ or C ₂ H ₅ ), -F, -Cl or -Br

In the electrolyte of the present invention, the content of the monomer is preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight. When the content of the monomer is less than 0.01% by weight, it shows excessive swelling characteristics, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, battery performance is lowered, which is not preferable.

The polymerization initiator may initiate polymerization of the monomer, and any material may be used as long as it does not deteriorate battery performance. As a representative example, one or two or more organic peroxides or azo compounds may be mixed. The organic peroxides include di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-3-methoxy butyl peroxy dicarbonate , t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 1,6-bis (t-butyl peroxycarbonyloxy) hexane, diethylene glycol-bis (t-butyl peroxy carbonate Peroxy dicarbonates, such as); Diacyl peroxides such as diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, bis-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl peroxide; t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy neo Decanoate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy neodecarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl 2-ethylhexanoate, t-amyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl, t-butyl peroxy 3,5 Peroxy esters such as, 5-trimethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate, di-butyl peroxy trimethyl adipate, and the like. 2'-Azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) or 1,1'-Azo-bis (cyanocyclo-hexane) can be used.

In the electrolyte of the present invention, the polymerization initiator is sufficient to be present in an amount capable of causing a polymerization reaction of the monomer, and it is generally suitable to be present in 0.01 to 5% by weight.

The electrolyte of the present invention may be used as it is as a liquid electrolyte, or in the case of containing a monomer and an initiator, may be used as a polymer electrolyte in the following manner. In the first method, the polymer electrolyte composition is injected into an electrode group consisting of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode into a battery case such as a metal can or pouch, and sealed, and then heated at 40 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to 8 hours. At this time, the polymer electrolyte composition is cured to form a polymer electrolyte. In the second method, the polymer electrolyte composition is cast on the surface of the positive electrode or the negative electrode and then irradiated with heat, ultraviolet rays or electron beams to prepare a positive electrode or negative electrode on which the positive or negative electrode surface is coated with a polymer electrolyte. The prepared positive electrode or negative electrode is injected into a battery case and sealed to manufacture a battery. In this case, a separate separator may be used, and the polymer electrolyte may also serve as a separator.

The lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte of the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions. Such a positive electrode active material includes a thiolated intercalation compound, and since the compound containing nickel has the highest capacity, it is preferable to use a compound containing nickel, that is, a nickel-based compound, to provide a high capacity battery. In addition, more preferably, in order to improve battery performance other than high capacity, it is preferable to use a mixture of at least one compound containing nickel and at least one cobalt-based compound or manganese-based compound.

In addition, since the swelling phenomenon is most serious when using a compound containing nickel, when using a compound containing nickel as the positive electrode active material can be obtained by maximizing the effect of using the electrolyte of the present invention. As the compound containing nickel, those represented by the following formulas (6) or (7) may be used.

[Formula 6]

Li _x Ni _y M _1-y A ₂

[Formula 7]

Li _x Ni _y M _1-y O _2-z X _z

(Wherein 0.90 ≦ x ≦ 1.1, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5, and M is in the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V and rare earth elements) At least one element selected, A is an element selected from the group consisting of O, F, S and P, and X is F, S or P.)

As the cobalt or manganese-based compound, any compound that can be used as an active material in the art may be used, and representative examples thereof may be selected from the group consisting of the following Chemical Formulas 8 to 12.

[Formula 8]

Li _x Mn _1-y M _y A ₂

[Formula 9]

Li _x Mn _1-y M _y O _2-z X _z

[Formula 10]

Li _x Mn ₂ O _4-z X _z

[Formula 11]

Li _x Co _1-y M _y A ₂

[Formula 12]

Li _x Co _1-y M _y O _2-z X _z

(Wherein, 0.90 ≦ x ≦ 1.1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5, 0 ≦ α ≦ 2, and M is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V and At least one element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements, A is an element selected from the group consisting of O, F, S and P, and X is F, S or P.)

The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and the negative electrode active material may be a crystalline or amorphous carbon or a carbon-based negative electrode active material of a carbon composite.

The positive electrode and the negative electrode are prepared by mixing an active material, a conductive material and a binder in a solvent to prepare an active material composition, and applying the composition to a current collector. Since such an electrode manufacturing method is well known in the art, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As the conductive agent, any battery can be used as long as it is an electronic conductive material without causing chemical change, and examples thereof include metal powders such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver. One or more metal fibers.

The binder may be any material generally used in a lithium secondary battery capable of firmly attaching an active material and a conductive material to a current collector. Examples of the binder include styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, Hydroxypropylene cellulose, diacetylene cellulose, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene or polypropylene, and the like. Of these, styrene-butadiene rubber binder is most preferred.

As the solvent, any one generally used to disperse the active material, the conductive material, and the binder well in preparing the active material composition of the lithium secondary battery may be used, and a representative example thereof may include N-methylpyrrolidone. .

Hereinafter, preferred examples and comparative examples of the present invention are described. However, the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

1. Polymer electrolyte

(Example 1)

1.5% by weight of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate derivative (Nippon Kayaku) as a monomer and Di (4-tert-butylcyalhexyl) peroxydicarbonate ("Perkadox 16", AKZO as an initiator NOBEL)) was added to 98.5% by weight of a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile (3/5/2 by volume) in which electrolyte 1.3M LiPF ₆ was dissolved in an amount of 5% by weight relative to the monomer, followed by 10 minutes Stirred.

A positive electrode was prepared by using a positive electrode active material in which LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ and LiCoO ₂ were mixed in a 6: 4 weight ratio, using carbon black as a conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and a natural graphite negative electrode active material and a binder. The negative electrode was prepared using a styrene-butadiene rubber. The assembly (jelly roll) prepared by winding the prepared positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator was placed in a pouch case made of aluminum and partially sealed to complete a battery assembly. The battery was assembled using the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution used amount was 2.62 g. The assembled cell was left at 70 ° C. for 4 hours to prepare a cell in which a gel polymer electrolyte was formed.

(Example 2)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that heptanenitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 3)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that caprylonitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 4)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that cyclohexane carbon nitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 5)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 6)

Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and valeronitrile in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was used in a 30: 65: 5 volume ratio.

(Example 7)

Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and valeronitrile in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was used in a 30:40:30 volume ratio.

(Example 8)

Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and valeronitrile in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was used in a 30:55:15 volume ratio.

(Example 9)

Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and valeronitrile in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was used in a 30:45:25 volume ratio.

(Example 10)

Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was mixed in a volume ratio of 15:65:20.

(Example 11)

Ethylene carbonate, gamma butyrolactone and valeronicryle in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent was mixed in a 30:50:20 volume ratio.

(Example 12)

Ethylene carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, and valeronyryl in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was mixed in a volume ratio of 15:65:20.

(Example 13)

Fluoroethylene carbonate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 13, except that 3% of the liquid electrolyte was added.

(Example 14)

Ethylene carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, diethyl carbonate and valeronicryle in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent was mixed in a volume ratio of 15: 40: 30: 15. It became.

(Comparative Example 1)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 1.3 M LiPF ₆ dissolved ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, and a mixed solvent (30: 55: 5: 10) were used.

(Comparative Example 2)

A poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate having an average molecular weight of 330 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer for forming a polymer was used.

(Comparative Example 3)

Acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was mixed in a volume ratio of 7: 3.

(Comparative Example 4)

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that a mixed solvent obtained by mixing acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ was dissolved in a volume ratio of 1: 1 was used.

(Comparative Example 5)

Acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in which 1.3 M LiPF ₆ lithium salt was dissolved were used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixed solvent was used in a 40:30:30 volume ratio.

(Example 15)

Except for using a mixture of LiNi _0.8 Co _0.15 Mn _0.05 O ₂ and LiCoO ₂ in a weight ratio of 6: 4 as a positive electrode active material, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Example 16)

A positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiNi _0.75 Co _0.2 Mn _0.05 O ₂ and LiCoO ₂ were mixed at a 6: 4 weight ratio.

* Capacity characteristics

The batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were charged with constant current / constant voltage under 0.5C and 4.2V 3 hour cut-off conditions, and discharged by constant current under 0.2C and 2.75V cut-off conditions, Was measured and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

* Swelling Characteristics

The batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were charged with constant current / constant voltage under 0.5C and 4.2V 0.1C cut-off conditions, and left for 4 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C. in a hot air oven, followed by thickness. Was measured. The thickness increase rate after leaving for the initial thickness was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

* Cycle life characteristics

After charging and discharging the batteries of Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 times at 1 C, the cycle life (remaining capacity%) characteristics were also evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1 together.

Capacity (mAh) Cycle life (500 times remaining capacity) Swelling (%) Example 1 920 90 1.5 Example 2 918 88 2.0 Example 3 921 88 1.8 Example 4 920 89 2.1 Example 5 920 87 2.3 Example 6 921 92 3.5 Example 7 918 80 1.0 Example 8 919 89 1.5 Example 9 917 85 1.0 Example 10 921 88 2.3 Example 11 918 88 1.9 Example 12 920 85 2.0 Example 13 919 92 3.5 Example 14 919 87 1.8 Example 15 920 89 1.7 Example 16 916 90 3.4 Comparative Example 1 922 92 44.9 Comparative Example 2 890 60 12 Comparative Example 3 900 80 23 Comparative Example 4 911 74 32 Comparative Example 5 917 82 19

As shown in Table 1, the batteries of Examples 1 to 16 are similar in capacity to Comparative Examples 1 to 5, but the cycle life characteristics are somewhat superior, and the swelling characteristics are remarkably improved. As a result, it can be seen that the batteries of Examples 1 to 15 using the electrolyte of the present invention can significantly improve safety while satisfactorily satisfying the capacity and cycle life characteristics.

2. Liquid electrolyte

(Example 17)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile were mixed in a 30:50:20 volume ratio.

A positive electrode was prepared by using a positive electrode active material in which LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ and LiCoO ₂ were mixed in a 6: 4 weight ratio, using carbon black as a conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and a natural graphite negative electrode active material and a binder. The negative electrode was prepared using a styrene-butadiene rubber. The battery was assembled using the prepared positive electrode, negative electrode and the electrolyte solution. The amount of the electrolyte solution used was 2.6 g.

(Example 18)

The same procedure as in Example 17 was carried out except that heptanenitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 19)

The same procedure as in Example 17 was carried out except that caprylonitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 20)

The same procedure as in Example 17 was carried out except that cyclohexane carbon nitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 21)

The same procedure as in Example 17 was carried out except that 2-fluorobenzonitrile was used instead of valeronitrile.

(Example 22)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile were mixed in a 30:40:30 volume ratio.

(Example 23)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile were mixed in a 30:55:15 volume ratio.

(Example 24)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile were mixed in a 30:45:25 volume ratio.

(Comparative Example 6)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving LiPF ₆ 1.15M in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, and fluorobenzene were mixed in a volume ratio of 30: 55: 5: 10.

(Comparative Example 7)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate in a volume ratio of 7: 3.

(Comparative Example 8)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate in a 1: 1 volume ratio.

(Comparative Example 9)

An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1.15 M of LiPF ₆ in a mixed solvent in which acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 40:30:30.

Using the batteries of Examples 12 to 24 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9, the capacity, cycle life, and swelling characteristics were measured in the same manner as in the polymer electrolyte, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

Capacity (mAh) Life span (500 times remaining capacity%) Swelling (%) Example 17) 923 89 15.4 Example 18 921 88 16.2 Example 19 922 88 14.9 Example 20 921 87 14.5 Example 21 923 90 17.6 Example 22) 919 83 12.1 Example 23) 924 89 15.0 Example 24 920 85 12.2 Comparative Example 7) 925 92 105 Comparative Example 8) 900 80 26 Comparative Example 9) 910 83 30.1 Comparative Example 10) 920 88 27.5

(Example 25)

1 wt% dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate derivative (Nippon Kayaku) as a monomer and Di (4-tert-butylcyalhexyl) peroxydicarbonate ("Perkadox 16", AKZO as an initiator NOBEL)) is a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, diethyl carbonate, and valeronitrile in which electrolyte 1.3M LiPF ₆ is dissolved in an amount of 3% by weight relative to the monomer (15/55/20/10 volume ratio) It was added to 98.5% by weight and stirred for 10 minutes.

A positive electrode was prepared using a LiCoO ₂ positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and a negative electrode was prepared using a styrene-butadiene rubber as a natural graphite negative electrode active material and a binder. The assembly (jelly roll) prepared by winding the prepared positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator was placed in a pouch case made of aluminum and partially sealed to complete a battery assembly. The battery was assembled using the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution used amount was 2.62 g. The assembled cell was left at 70 ° C. for 4 hours to prepare a cell in which a gel polymer electrolyte was formed.

Over discharge test

The battery prepared by the method of Example 25 was charged under 500 mA, 4.2 V, and 50 mA cut-off conditions, and discharged under the first discharge, 2 mA, and 2.75 V cut-off conditions under a 300 mA, 3.00 V cut-off condition. After the third discharge under the 1 mA, 0.00 V cut-off condition, charge and discharge under the condition of 60 minutes rest, and then again the first charge under 500 mA, 3 V cut-off condition, 500 mA, 4.2 V, 50 mA cut- The overdischarge test was repeated three times in total with a capacity recovery process of performing a second charge under an off condition and discharging at 300 mA and a 3 V cut-off condition as one cycle (one cycle). The initial capacity and the discharge capacity were measured for each cycle, and the ratio of the capacity recovered after each cycle to the initial capacity was measured. At this time, the initial capacity was charged under 500 mA, 4.2 V, and 50 mA cut-off conditions, and the capacity after the first discharge under 300 mA and 3.00 V cut-off conditions. The initial capacity was measured, and 859 mAh was obtained. When the initial capacity of 859mAh was 100%, the capacity% was 1 cycle discharge capacity of 834mAh, that is, 97%, 2 cycles of 832mAh, that is, 97%, and 3 cycles of 839mAh, or 98%.

As described above, the lithium secondary battery containing the electrolyte of the present invention has improved high temperature swelling characteristics and excellent capacity characteristics.

Claims (74)

Non-aqueous organic solvent including 70 to 95% by volume of the cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of the nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1; And Lithium salt An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising a. [Formula 1] (In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon) The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises 75 to 90% by volume of the cyclic ester and 10 to 25% by volume of the nitrile solvent. The cyclic ester comprises 10 to 40% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising at least 30% by volume to 85% by volume of one or more selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone, and a total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. According to claim 1, wherein the cyclic ester comprises 10 to 15% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising 55 to 85% by volume of at least one selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone or a mixture thereof, and a total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein R is C ₃ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrile-based solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane Carbon Nitrile, Cyclohexane Carbon Nitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile , Dichlorobenzonitrile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4-fluoro At least one lithium secondary battery electrolyte selected from the group consisting of phenyl acetonitrile. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent further comprises a linear ester of greater than 0 parts by volume and 70 parts by volume or less based on 100 parts by mass of the cyclic ester and the nitrile solvent. 8. The group according to claim 7, wherein the linear ester is composed of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl formate, and mixtures thereof. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is selected from. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte further comprising a monomer and a polymerization initiator. The first monomer or a first monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having two or more functional groups containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of the following Formulas 2 to 4 at the chain terminal, The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which is a mixture of a second monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having one functional group containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of 2 to 4. [Formula 2] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -C (= O)- [Formula 3] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ )- [Formula 4] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -CH _2- (In Formulas 2 to 4, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are the same or independently H, C ₂ to C ₁₀ aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, -C≡N, -OR ₅ (wherein R ₅ is H, CH ₃ or C ₂ H ₅ ), -F, -Cl or -Br The electrolyte of claim 9, wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises the monomer in an amount of 0.01 to 20 wt%. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the polymerization initiator is an organic peroxide or an azo compound. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the organic peroxide is di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-3-methoxy Butyl peroxy dicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 1,6-bis (t-butyl peroxycarbonyloxy) hexane and diethylene glycol-bis (t -Butyl peroxy carbonate) peroxy dicarbonates selected from the group consisting of; Diacyl peroxides selected from the group consisting of diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide and bis-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl peroxide; And t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy Neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy neodecarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl Butyl 2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl, t-butyl peroxy 3, Peroxy esters selected from the group consisting of 5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate and di-butylperoxy trimethyl adipate, The azo compounds include 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 1,1'-azo-bis (cyanocyclo-hex ) In a lithium secondary battery electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , At least one selected from the group consisting of LiAlO ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiN (C _x F _{2x + 1} SO ₂ ) (C _y F _{2y + 1} SO ₂ ) (where x and y are natural numbers) and LiSO ₃ CF ₃ Or a mixture of these, a lithium secondary battery electrolyte. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of carbonate, vinylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone and ethylene sulfite having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ). The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery further comprising an additive. The electrolyte of claim 15, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a carbonate additive having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN), and nitro group (NO ₂ ). The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of claim 16, wherein the carbonate additive is a carbonate represented by Formula 5 below. [Formula 5] (Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ).) 18. The electrolyte of claim 17, wherein the carbonate additive is fluoroethylene carbonate. The electrolyte of claim 16, wherein the carbonate additive is included in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. An electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent including 70 to 95% by volume of a cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of a nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium; And A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium Lithium secondary battery comprising a. [Formula 1] (In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon) The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 20, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises 75 to 90 vol% of the cyclic ester and 10 to 25 vol% of the nitrile solvent. The method of claim 20, wherein the cyclic ester comprises 10 to 40% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero 30 to 85% by volume of at least one selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone or mixtures thereof, wherein the total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. The method of claim 22, wherein the cyclic ester comprises 10 to 15% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero A lithium secondary battery comprising 55 to 85% by volume of one or more or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone, and the total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. The lithium secondary battery of claim 20, wherein R is C ₃ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon. The method of claim 20, wherein the nitrile-based solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane Carbon Nitrile, Cyclohexane Carbon Nitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile , Dichlorobenzonitrile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4-fluoro A lithium secondary battery which is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of rophenylacetonitrile. The lithium secondary battery of claim 20, wherein the organic solvent further comprises a linear ester of greater than 0 parts by volume and 70 parts by volume or less with respect to 100 parts by volume of the total volume of the cyclic ester and the nitrile solvent. The lithium secondary battery of claim 20, wherein the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte formed by polymerizing a polymer electrolyte composition further comprising a monomer and a polymerization initiator. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the monomer is a first monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having two or more functional groups including an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of the following Formulas 2 to 4 at the chain terminal or the first monomer and the following formula Lithium secondary battery is a mixture of a second monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having one functional group containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of 2 to 4. [Formula 2] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -C (= O)- [Formula 3] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ )- [Formula 4] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -CH _2- (In Formulas 2 to 4, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are the same or independently H, C ₂ to C ₁₀ aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, -C≡N, -OR ₅ (wherein R ₅ is H, CH ₃ or C ₂ H ₅ ), -F, -Cl or -Br The lithium secondary battery of claim 27, wherein the polymerization initiator is an organic peroxide or an azo compound. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the organic peroxide is di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-3-methoxy Butyl peroxy dicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 1,6-bis (t-butyl peroxycarbonyloxy) hexane and diethylene glycol-bis (t -Butyl peroxy carbonate) peroxy dicarbonates selected from the group consisting of; Diacyl peroxides selected from the group consisting of diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide and bis-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl peroxide; And t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy Neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy neodecarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl Butyl 2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl, t-butyl peroxy 3, Peroxy esters selected from the group consisting of 5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate and di-butylperoxy trimethyl adipate, The azo compounds include 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 1,1'-azo-bis (cyanocyclo-hex ) In a lithium secondary battery is selected from the group consisting of. The method of claim 20, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , At least one selected from the group consisting of LiAlO ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiN (C _x F _{2x + 1} SO ₂ ) (C _y F _{2y + 1} SO ₂ ) (where x and y are natural numbers) and LiSO ₃ CF ₃ Or a lithium secondary battery thereof. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of carbonate, vinylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone and ethylene sulfite having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ). Lithium secondary battery further comprising an additive. The lithium secondary battery of claim 32, wherein the additive is a carbonate additive having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN), and nitro group (NO ₂ ). The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 33, wherein the carbonate additive is a carbonate represented by Chemical Formula 5 below. [Formula 5] (Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ).) 35. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 34, wherein said carbonate additive is fluoroethylene carbonate. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21, wherein the cathode active material comprises a compound containing nickel. The lithium secondary battery of claim 36, wherein the cathode active material is a nickel-based cathode active material selected from the group consisting of Chemical Formulas 6 or 7. [Formula 6] Li _x Ni _y M _1-y A ₂ [Formula 7] Li _x Ni _y M _1-y O _2-z X _z (Wherein, 0.90 ≦ x ≦ 1.1, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.9, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.5, and M is in the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V and rare earth elements) At least one element selected, A is an element selected from the group consisting of O, F, S and P, and X is F, S or P.) The lithium secondary battery of claim 36, wherein the cathode active material is a nickel-based compound or a nickel-based compound, and comprises a cobalt-based compound or a manganese-based compound. A non-aqueous organic solvent comprising 70 to 95% by volume of a cyclic ester including 10 to 40% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 5 to 30% by volume of a nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1; And Lithium salt An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising a. [Formula 1] (In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon) 40. The electrolyte of claim 39, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises 75 to 90% by volume of the cyclic ester and 10 to 25% by volume of the nitrile solvent. The cyclic ester is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone. An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, comprising 30 to 85% by volume of one or more or a mixture thereof, wherein the total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the cyclic ester comprises 10 to 15% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising 55 to 85% by volume of at least one selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone or a mixture thereof, and a total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein R is C ₃ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon in a lithium secondary battery electrolyte. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the nitrile-based solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane Carbon Nitrile, Cyclohexane Carbon Nitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile , Dichlorobenzonitrile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4-fluoro At least one lithium secondary battery electrolyte selected from the group consisting of phenyl acetonitrile. 40. The electrolyte of claim 39, wherein the organic solvent further comprises a linear ester of greater than 0 parts by volume and 70 parts by volume or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total cyclic ester and nitrile solvent. 46. The group of claim 45, wherein the linear esters consist of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl formate, and mixtures thereof. The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is selected from. 40. The electrolyte of claim 39, wherein the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte further comprising a monomer and a polymerization initiator. 48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the monomer is a first monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having two or more functional groups including an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of the following Formulas 2 to 4 at the chain terminal or the first monomer and the following formula The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which is a mixture of a second monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having one functional group containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of 2 to 4. [Formula 2] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -C (= O)- [Formula 3] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ )- [Formula 4] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -CH _2- (In Formulas 2 to 4, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are the same or independently H, C ₂ to C ₁₀ aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, -C≡N, -OR ₅ (wherein R ₅ is H, CH ₃ or C ₂ H ₅ ), -F, -Cl or -Br 48. The electrolyte of claim 47, wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises the monomer in an amount of 0.01 to 20 wt%. 48. The electrolyte of claim 47, wherein the polymerization initiator is an organic peroxide or azo compound. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the organic peroxide is di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-3-methoxy Butyl peroxy dicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 1,6-bis (t-butyl peroxycarbonyloxy) hexane and diethylene glycol-bis (t -Butyl peroxy carbonate) peroxy dicarbonates selected from the group consisting of; Diacyl peroxides selected from the group consisting of diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide and bis-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl peroxide; And t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy Neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy neodecarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl Butyl 2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl, t-butyl peroxy 3, Peroxy esters selected from the group consisting of 5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate and di-butylperoxy trimethyl adipate, The azo compounds include 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 1,1'-azo-bis (cyanocyclo-hex ) In a lithium secondary battery electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , At least one selected from the group consisting of LiAlO ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiN (C _x F _{2x + 1} SO ₂ ) (C _y F _{2y + 1} SO ₂ ) (where x and y are natural numbers) and LiSO ₃ CF ₃ Or a mixture of these, a lithium secondary battery electrolyte. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of carbonate, vinylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone and ethylene sulfite having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ). The electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery further comprising an additive. The electrolyte of claim 52, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a carbonate additive having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN), and nitro group (NO ₂ ). 55. The electrolyte of claim 54, wherein the carbonate additive is a carbonate of the formula (5). [Formula 5] (Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ).) The electrolyte of claim 55, wherein the carbonate additive is fluoroethylene carbonate. The electrolyte of claim 54, wherein the carbonate additive is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. An electrolyte comprising an organic solvent including 70 to 95% by volume of a cyclic ester and 5 to 30% by volume of a nitrile-based solvent of Formula 1; A positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material containing a compound containing nickel; And A negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium Lithium secondary battery comprising a. [Formula 1] (In Formula 1, R is C ₁ to C ₁₀ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon or C ₆ to C ₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon) The lithium secondary battery of claim 58, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises 70 to 90% by volume of the cyclic ester and 10 to 25% by volume of the nitrile solvent. The cyclic ester according to claim 58, wherein the cyclic ester is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone A lithium secondary battery comprising 30 to 85% by volume of one or more or a mixture thereof, wherein the total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. 61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the cyclic ester comprises 10 to 15% by volume of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-valero A lithium secondary battery comprising 55 to 85% by volume of one or more or a mixture thereof selected from the group consisting of lactones and ε-caprolactone, and the total volume of the cyclic ester is 70 to 95% by volume. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 58, wherein R is C ₃ to C ₈ aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon. The method of claim 58, wherein the nitrile-based solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane Carbon Nitrile, Cyclohexane Carbon Nitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenozonitrile, 4-chlorobenzo Nitrile, dichlorobenzonitrile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and 4- Lithium secondary battery which is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of fluorophenylacetonitrile. The lithium secondary battery of claim 58, wherein the organic solvent further comprises a linear ester of greater than 0 parts by volume and 70 parts by volume or less with respect to 100 parts by volume of the total volume of the cyclic ester and the nitrile solvent. 60. The lithium secondary battery of claim 58, wherein the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte formed by polymerizing a polymer electrolyte composition further comprising a monomer and a polymerization initiator. 66. The method according to claim 65, wherein the monomer is a first monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having two or more functional groups containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of the following formulas 2 to 4 at the chain terminal or the first monomer and the following formula Lithium secondary battery is a mixture of a second monomer having a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 having one functional group containing an unsaturated bond selected from the group consisting of 2 to 4. [Formula 2] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -C (= O)- [Formula 3] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ )- [Formula 4] (R ₁ ) (R ₂ ) C = C (R ₃ ) -CH _2- (In Formulas 2 to 4, R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are the same or independently H, C ₂ to C ₁₀ aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, -C≡N, -OR ₅ (wherein R ₅ is H, CH ₃ or C ₂ H ₅ ), -F, -Cl or -Br The lithium secondary battery of claim 58, wherein the polymerization initiator is an organic peroxide or an azo compound. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the organic peroxide is di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-3-methoxy Butyl peroxy dicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 1,6-bis (t-butyl peroxycarbonyloxy) hexane and diethylene glycol-bis (t -Butyl peroxy carbonate) peroxy dicarbonates selected from the group consisting of; Diacyl peroxides selected from the group consisting of diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide and bis-3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl peroxide; And t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-amyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy Neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxy pivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy neodecarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl Butyl 2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amylperoxy 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyl, t-butyl peroxy 3, Peroxy esters selected from the group consisting of 5,5-trimethyl hexanoate, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate and di-butylperoxy trimethyl adipate, The azo compounds include 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and 1,1'-azo-bis (cyanocyclo-hex ) In a lithium secondary battery is selected from the group consisting of. The method of claim 58, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , LiN (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ , At least one selected from the group consisting of LiAlO ₄ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiN (C _x F _{2x + 1} SO ₂ ) (C _y F _{2y + 1} SO ₂ ) (where x and y are natural numbers) and LiSO ₃ CF ₃ Or a lithium secondary battery thereof. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a carbonate and vinylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone, ethylene sulfite additive having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ). A lithium secondary battery. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 70, wherein the carbonate additive is a carbonate represented by Chemical Formula 5 below. [Formula 5] (Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano group (CN) and nitro group (NO ₂ ).) 72. The lithium secondary battery of claim 71 wherein said carbonate additive is fluoroethylene carbonate. The lithium secondary battery of claim 71, wherein the carbonate additive is included in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. The lithium secondary battery of claim 58, wherein the cathode active material is a nickel-based compound or a nickel-based compound, and includes a cobalt-based compound or a manganese-based compound.