KR20020089408A - Security apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a safety device (10) for use in situations requiring privileged access. The safety device 10 includes an identifier controller 12 and a data transmitter 14. The identifier controller 12 includes an identifier state actuator 16 that communicates with the identifier receiver 18 through the identifier logic circuit 20. Identifier state actuator 16 is configured to process and perform operations based on data signals 22 received by identifier receiver 18. The data transmitter 14 in contact with the human fingernail 24 sends the data signal 22 to the identifier controller 12.

Description

Safety device {SECURITY APPARATUS}

Safety systems are widely used for a variety of purposes, including locking / unlocking mechanisms, allowing / inhibiting incidents, and allowing / disallowing access. These safety system functions require some type of verification method or device that identifies legitimate users from fraudulent users. Hadley, for example, US Pat. No. 4,196,347, discloses a safety system for opening a door using a user's key, ie, a radiation signal emitted from the key. Magnetic fields opposed to electrical signals may also be used in the authentication procedure, as described in Pugh US Pat. No. 5,016,376. Similarly, US Patent No. 4,354,189 to Lemelson relates to a switch and lock actuation system in which a user with a coded ring is placed near the identification device to unlock or open the door. . A common drawback of this type of system is that the identification device is easily obtained. If a key or ring is lost or stolen, the discoverer or theft may access or unlock the lock without further confirmation.

In recent efforts in fire control and safety, many governments, including the United States, have instituted gun safety programs, resulting in patents related to "locking" firearms. These inventions prevent firearms from being operated by accidents or unauthorized users. For example, US Patent No. 4,488,370 to Remelson and US Patent No. 5,461,812 to Bennett both use an electrical device worn on a user's finger or wrist with a verification device to employ a weapon control system that releases the trigger mechanism of the gun. Explaining. U.S. Patent No. 5,062,232 to Eppler relates to firearm safety devices and firearms can be fired if a code sent from a cord device of a glove worn by a user is confirmed by a firearm detector. As with the general safety devices described above, the use of rings, gloves, and other external wear devices may be used by unauthorized users if they forget or steal lost places.

In addition to the possibility of loss or theft of the verification device, there are other drawbacks in the prior art. In the use of set or preset confirmation signals (regardless of electronic, magnetic or other type), the devices of the prior art cannot be modified to be retrofitted and are more easily copied. Once the originating device is acquired or a signal is obtained from another source, an unauthorized user gains access and / or control of the locked system. The prior art device also lacks a "struggle proof" function that prevents thieves from operating the originating device or fighting the authorized user to take it away. In addition, even if not a thief, the use of a separate originating device naturally causes the authorized user to lose or forget the device, preventing the user from releasing or accessing the intended object.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a safety device that is not easily lost or stolen by an authorized user. Another object of the present invention is to provide a safety device that is easily retrofitted into existing instruments and systems. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a safety device which becomes unavailable or consequently unusable during or after a fighting situation in which a legitimate user loses possession of fire. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a safety device that enhances the protective aspects of the device by providing a transmitting device for generating a non-copyable or undetectable signal.

The present invention relates to a safety device, and more particularly, to a safety device for performing verification using the human finger feature.

1 is a block diagram of a safety device according to the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a safety device according to the invention;

3 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of a safety device according to the invention;

4 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of a safety device according to the invention;

5 is a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of a safety device according to the present invention;

6 is a block diagram of a sixth embodiment of a safety device according to the present invention;

7 is a block diagram of a seventh embodiment of a safety device according to the present invention;

8 is a block diagram of an eighth embodiment of a safety device according to the present invention;

9 shows an electronic circuit of a sawtower analog chip of a safety device.

10 is a block diagram of a method according to the invention.

To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors have invented a safety device with an identifier controller comprising an identifier state actuator that communicates with the identifier receiver via a validator logic circuit. The identifier receiver is configured to receive data signals, and the identifier state actuator is configured to process and perform operations based on these data signals. The invention also includes a data transmitter in contact with the human fingernail and in communication with the identifier controller. In operation, the data transmitter transmits a data signal, the identifier receiver receives the data signal, and the identifier logic circuit processes the received data signal. Finally, the identifier state actuator performs an operation based on the received data signal.

The present invention also includes an identifier state actuator that communicates with an identifier receiver through an identifier logic circuit, wherein the identifier state actuator processes and performs operations based on a data signal, the identifier receiver receiving data signals. Providing a data transmitter in contact with the human fingernail and in communication with the identifier controller; Receiving, by the identifier receiver, a data signal; Processing the fraudulently received data signal by the identifier logic circuit; And a method of allowing or suppressing an event comprising the step of performing the action by the identifier state actuator based on the received data signal.

The configuration, operation method, and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be best understood when the specific embodiments described below are described in connection with the accompanying drawings.

A safety device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The apparatus 10 of the present invention comprises two main components: a validator controller 12 and a data transmitter 14. Identifier controller 12 includes an identifier state actuator 16 in communication with the identifier receiver 18 by an identifier logic circuit 20 (such as an embedded controller). Identifier state actuator 16 is also configured to process and perform a particular function based on the value or characteristic of data signal 22. The data transmitter 14 is in contact with the human fingernail and communicates with the identifier controller 12.

The human nail 24 forms the human nail conduction circuit 30 with the conductive strip 26 underneath and the human finger 28 or under the toe. The capacitance value per area of the human nail conduction circuit 30 will vary from person to person, either semi-unique or individualized. In this way, each individual will have a semi-unique cord or value that is associated with his or her own human finger conduction circuit 30. This semi-unique value is converted to semi-unique data signal 22 or semi-unique data signal 22 and transmitted by data transmitter 14 to identifier controller 12 side. In addition, data signal 22 may also include other unique characteristics of the user from memory or real-time measurements. These unique characteristics can be defined by nail dimensions, nail curvature, nail coloring, nail groove geometry, fingerprints, operator's pulse, unique finger pattern, finger transparency, unique serial number inserted, values obtained from random regions of the genome, and random regions of the resistor. The value obtained, the change in resistance when the user presses the hard surface, or the visible contour of the forefinger area, face image, retinal image, and voice characteristic.

Another way of associating a semi-unique value to the user uses the overall resistance formed by the conductive strip 26 under the nail 24 between the electrodes or wires. If two or more wires pass through the human nail 24, the total resistance between these two electrodes represents the total amount of flesh of the user's forefinger. These electrodes can also be used to provide tactile feedback when voltage is applied. When the human nail 24 is implanted in another person, the other person's fingers will exhibit different ranges of measurement resistance as the amount of flesh is different. This may be correlated with the degree of discoloration of the flesh under the nail due to the pressure on the finger at that time to obtain a more unique contour.

You can also use more wires to get a more detailed outline of your finger resistance. Another factor influencing finger resistance is whether the ratio and pressure to the diameter of the bones of the skin are applied to the fingernail 24 or the bottom of the user's finger. Eventually the resistance will slowly change in a predictable manner as the wire moves forward at a naturally increasing rate on the user's nail 24. This makes it easier to detect the data transmitter 14 located on the implanted finger or artificial conductive material. To best measure the resistance precisely using a simple circuit, two wires directly connected to a resistor (conductive spigot 26) can be utilized. This displays a complex time versus resistance profile as the human fingernail 24 grows or the finger is pressed against a solid surface. The watchdog timer may also be used periodically and / or sporadically to verify that the formed capacitance of the resistor or power storage plate is within a range specific to the user, and additionally to verify whether or not the human nail 24 has been moved or removed. Can be. Efficient ways of detecting removal of human nails 24 include reducing capacitance and increasing voltage, such as high impedance-input voltage limiters parallel to capacitance such as spark gap, MOV or Specially designed ESD semiconductor devices can be used. As the capacitance decreases, the voltage increases and the current partially discharges the capacitance.

In fighting situations, i.e., where the force of the identifier controller 12 is activated by applying physical force to an individual, the proximity of the attacker's finger typically adds capacitance and / or alters the data signal 22 to provide a safeguard ( 10) will not function. Alternatively, the safety device 10 may include an emitter that provides a full intermediary rest function that stops functioning within a predetermined time interval, or blocks and “interrupts” communication signals within the device 10. Alternatively, the components of the safety device 10 may be configured or formed such that the data signal 22 has a random value again or the device 10 is destroyed or damaged when there is an attempt to move or remove these components. have. If the safety device 10 is damaged, destroyed or destroyed, alternative means of identification may be provided. In addition, the safety device 10 may be configured to "constrain" the finger, hand, or arm of the operator who failed to pass the verification test.

The identifier receiver receives the data signal 22, which is transmitted to the identifier signal actuator 16 via the identifier logic circuit 20. Once receiving the data signal 22, which is self-validated or verified by the identifier logic circuit 20, the identifier state actuator 16 performs an operation or transfers data based on this received and verified data signal 22. do. For example, when used in a firearm, the identifier state actuator 16 allows or inhibits the function of the firearm's trigger mechanism based on the accuracy of the data signal 22. In this case, the identifier controller 12 may be installed in the trigger of the firearm.

In the second embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 2, the safety device 10 further comprises a direct physical connection element 32 between the identifier receiver 18 and the data transmitter 14. Alternatively, the direct physical connection element 32 can be combined and integrated with the identifier receiver 18. This direct physical connection element 32 can be a wire, multiple wires or other substrate through which the data signal 22 can be passed. Also, in this embodiment, the data transmitter 14 is a capacitive plate 34 that is directly fixed or conductively contacted to the human nail 24. To complete the human nail conduction circuit 30, a circuit return conductor 36 is provided on the human finger 28 or toe. The data signal 22 in the form of a capacitive value is transmitted via the direct physical connection element 32 and received by the identifier receiver 18. Capacitive plate 34 may include a gold plated conductive coating or gold plated human nail 24 shaped to a specific value by shaped regions to facilitate the formation and measurement of capacitance values. . The safety device 10 may also use an array of capacitors 34 having a bar code function. If a person's nails 24 are modified so that the area immediately below the capacitive plate 34 becomes thin or thick, it is more difficult to estimate the capacitance of another person by measuring the thickness of his or her fingernails. This reduces the possibility of copying the user's capacitance.

A third embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the identifier controller 12 further includes an identifier emitter 38 configured to transmit a signal (such as electromagnetic waves, light, RF, infrared or ultraviolet) to the data transmitter 14 side. The data transmitter 14 also includes a nail mounted solar cell 40 which receives a signal, preferably an optical signal, from the identifier emitter 38. The nail-mounted solar cell 40 powers the data transmitter 14 and transmits a data signal 22. In addition, the nail solar cell 40 data can be replaced by a higher speed device such as a photo transistor. The data transmitter 14 also includes a nail digital chip 42 configured to communicate with both the nail solar cell 40 and the nail signal emitter 44 using digital logic. The nail-mounted digital chip 42 receives nail-specific data from memory or a nail analog chip 48 and / or information from the nail solar cell 40, and transmits the data signal 22 to the nail signal emitter 44. To transmit. This data signal 22 is transmitted from the nail signal emitter 44 to the identifier controller 12 side. Identifier receiver 18 receives and passes data signal 22 through identifier logic circuit 20 to perform processing and verification for identifier state actuator 16.

Referring to FIG. 4, the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the data transmitter 14 further includes an inductor 46 and a capacitive plate 34 (as in FIG. 2) forming a resonant circuit. The inductor 46 communicates with the capacitive plate 34, which forms a specific resonant frequency through the conductive scaffold 26 and measures the capacitance value. This unique capacitance value (or data signal 22) is transmitted through the inductor 46 to the identifier controller 12 side. In order to transmit this data signal 22 to the identifier receiver 18, the identifier controller 12 further comprises the identifier emitter 38 described above. However, as opposed to the radiation of solar energy or light, the identifier emitter 38 of this embodiment radiates electromagnetic waves or "pulses" to the capacitive plate 34 and inductor 46 side. In the present embodiment, the inductor 46 is formed by concentric circles of conductive material and is connected to two conductive materials of a relatively larger area forming two capacitive plates 34. The capacitive dielectric is human nails 24 and the conductive strip 26 provides a common plate connection for the capacitor. Other transponder based techniques may be utilized to transmit the data signal 22.

A fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In a fifth embodiment, an identifier emitter 38 is provided that emits an electromagnetic radiation signal to the nail solar cell 40. When the circuit return conductor 36 is used on a human finger 28 or toe to complete the human nail conductive circuit 30, the nail solar cell 40 sends the data signal 22 (with power) to the nail digital. It radiates to the chip 42. The nail digital chip 42 transmits a data signal or contacts the identifier receiver 18 directly via the physical connection element 32. As described above, the digital signal 22 passes through the identifier logic circuit 20 to the identifier state actuator 16.

In the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, the identifier emitter 38 emits a signal to the nail solar cell 40 that communicates with the nail digital chip 42 in the data transmitter 14. The data transmitter 14 measures the capacitance between the capacitive plate 34 fixed to the human nail 24 and the circuit return conductor 36 fixed to the human finger 28 or toe. 48) further. One embodiment of capacitance measurement of the circuit of the nail analog chip 48 is shown in FIG. 9. The nail analog chip 48 transmits the measured capacitance value to the nail digital chip 42, which sends the data signal 22 directly through the physical connection element 32. Transmit to receiver 18. The data signal 22 then proceeds as described above.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the identifier controller 12 includes an identifier emitter 38, the data transmitter 14 receives signals from the identifier emitter 38 and transmits power and signals to the nail digital chip 42. A nail solar cell 40 to transmit. The data transmitter 14 also includes a capacitive plate 34 as described above, which forms a capacitance based capacitance value via the conductive scaffold 26. The nail analog chip 48 measures this capacitance value and sends this value to the nail digital chip 42. The nail digital chip 42 transmits this data signal 22 to the nail signal emitter 44 so that the nail signal emitter 44 emits this signal to the identifier controller 12 side. Identifier receiver 18 receives the signal and proceeds as described above. The nail analog chip 48 may use an inductor, capacitor, resistor, semiconductor, conductor or antenna to modify the radiated data signal 22.

In the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the identifier controller 12 may further include a recording device 50 that communicates with the identifier state actuator 16 via the identifier logic circuit 20. The recording device 50 is configured to record specific events or situations that occur inside or outside the safety device 10 and any related devices, and can be located or in communication with the data transmitter 14. For example, the recording device 50 can write the number of locks and unlocks. When the identifier controller 12 or the data transmitter 14 is configured to randomly or sporadically check the generated resistance, capacitance, temperature, pulse or other data, the recording device 50 can write the results of what has occurred. have. This makes implanting or attempting to implant the data transmitter 14 into an artificial device designed to mimic the characteristics of another individual or owner. If otherwise read, the device is temporarily or permanently disabled. The eighth embodiment of the present invention further includes a data transmitter protective layer 52 which covers and protects the data transmitter 14. This data transmitter protective layer 52 is formed so as not to interfere with the communication of the data signal 22 between the data transmitter 14 and the identifier controller 12. Similarly, an identifier controller protective layer 54 may be provided to cover and protect the identifier controller 12. Like the data transmitter protective layer 52, the identifier controller protective layer 54 does not interfere with the communication of data signals between the identifier controller 12 and the data transmitter 14.

The data transmitter 14 is attached to, or in close proximity to, the nail 24 of the person. In addition, such attachment may be temporary or permanent. An adhesive layer 56 may be used between the data transmitter 14 and the human fingernail 24. This adhesive layer 56 may be a compound that allows the data transmitter 14 to be fixed permanently to a human fingernail 24. For example, using an aqueous adhesive as the adhesive layer 56, the data transmitter 14 can only be removed from running water at a constant temperature. This is particularly advantageous if the area of the resistive compound is between the nail 24 and the data transmitter 14 so that the compound resistance value is modified when the data transmitter 14 is moved or removed. The contour is established at the time of placement, a) the contour does not substantially change during the time the user wears the data transmitter, b) the contour is based on an area of typically fixed spacing between the data transmitter and the wearer's fingernail, c ) In the limited semi-fluid region of the resistance, insulator compound or conductor compound in which the 'final' contour is established at the point of placement, the advantage of using this region is strongly influenced by the action of individually placing the data transmitter on the nail, Groove and ridge shapes under the nail will greatly affect certain electrical readings based on the physical shape since the device is unlikely to return to the same shape if it is removed and replaced on the same nail or another nail.

As shown in FIG. 8, the safety device 10 further includes an allow / suppress controller 58 that communicates with the identifier state actuator 16. The allow / suppress controller 58 may control trigger mechanism 60, such as a fire trigger mechanism or other locking mechanism, to allow or inhibit operation of the trigger mechanism 60. FIG.

In addition, the data transmitter 14 has a data transmitter power source 62 and the identifier controller 12 has an identifier controller power source 64. The identifier controller 12 together with the data transmitter 14 may have an intermediate rest period used to store energy during the period of inactivity. These interim rest periods allow the data transmitter 14 and the identifier controller 12 to provide separate energy sources 62, 64 (e.g., thermopile, cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, piezoelectric elements, fuel cells, etc.). It is useful for both situations with and without. These interim periods can also be combined with the watchdog timer function and the recording device 50 in the data transmitter 14. The data signal 22 may be in the form of energy, electromagnetic waves, electrostatic energy or other suitable transmittable signal. In powering the data transmitter 14, two wires may be more suitable if no wires are provided through the human nail 24. These two wires will typically have a positive and a negative electrode to complete the circuit. Since the nail capacitance is low, it would be less practical to provide sufficient alternating current through it. The typical method of powering is to provide a direct current circuit. Doing so has at least two wires that allow current to flow, one wire having a relatively negative charge to provide an electron source and the other positive pole providing a means for the electrons to return to the power source 62 or 64. Need wires. When one of the wires proceeds from the identifier controller 12 to the data transmitter 14, the second wire through the human fingernail 24 passes through the conductive strip 26 to a common metal conductor (ie a firearm) and Proceed back to identifier controller 12 to complete the current closed circuit.

The invention also includes a method for allowing or suppressing an event as shown in FIG. 10. The present invention provides an identifier controller (12) having an identifier state actuator (16) that communicates with an identifier receiver (18) through an identifier logic circuit (20), wherein the identifier state actuator (16) is a data signal (22). Process and perform an operation, wherein the identifier receiver 18 receives the data signal 22, and the data transmitter 14 contacts the human fingernail 24 and communicates with the identifier controller 12. Step 100; Receiving 102 the data signal 22 by the identifier receiver 18; The identifying logic circuit 20 processes 104 the received data signal 22; And the step 106 of the identifier state actuator 16 performing an operation based on the received data signal 22.

The data transmitter 14 may include a time domain reflectometer for verifying the current path through the flesh of individuals around the bone, may be used as a remote control, provide tactile feedback to the user, and an LCD. The display can be used to provide visible feedback to the user. It is also possible to modulate the reflected or retroreflected signal or LCD through the modulated LCD to transmit the data signal 22 to the selected instrument, and further use polarization to allow the individual to modify the signal or to generally act as a transponder. have. Examples of useful contact feedback are "shock", "throbbing" or vibration feedback. Such contact / shock feedback can be very useful for indicating whether or not processing has been performed. Contact feedback may be generated by a piezoelectric element disposed on the nail. Various feedback pulse trains, pulse calculations, intensity, coupling, or Morse code may also be useful. External shock pulses applied to the operator's finger (via the human fingernail 24 or the wire running from another location of the forefinger) may, for example, move the finger forward or downward, etc. Prompt the user to press. This indicates that the user is not unconscious and does not mechanically manipulate his finger unintentionally. The user may also respond to useful information such as status, passwords or restraint codes or actions, including certain small movements of the finger to convey data used to determine validity and / or perform an action. The identifier state actuator 16 and the permit / suppress controller 58 receive the verified data signal 22 to perform the desired action or to deliver the desired data to the solenoid, muscle wire, magnetic fluid, hydraulic system, Pneumatic devices or other suitable means can be used. The safety device 10 may also include applicable secure transmission algorithms, encryption algorithms and / or challenge-response methods within the safety device 10, between the safety device 10 and an external device, or in the nail data transmitter. Individual components of both the identifier controller and the data transmitter 14 may be provided in separate layers. The safety device 10 can detect the presence of an insertion or adjacent external object, such as a finger blocking the data signal 22 or a modification of the characteristics of the human fingernail 24.

If the identifier controller 12 communicated with the data transmitter in the last few seconds, it is appropriate to assume that in the short time the finger, toe or human nail 24 has not been transplanted to someone else. In this case, a more detailed and precise (and time consuming) verification procedure may not be necessary. If any electrical value, including capacitance, is measured using higher precision, it usually takes longer to complete the measurement. You can save a few milliseconds when operating a high speed fire trigger, but time savings will not be worth it. It may also be desirable to examine the human finger 24 characteristics in great detail in detail if the user is on vacation or the identifier controller 12 has not communicated with the data transmitter during this period. For example, the changes predicted as the human nail 24 grows may be verified according to code, blood type, fingerprint, and the like. If the human nail 24 has not grown by the expected amount, it is likely that the nail has been installed on an artificial substrate or other substrate. An inherent advantage of the device 10 is that it is based on the nail 24 of the person, which is an ever-growing substrate. As it always grows, the human nail 24 has a variable shelf life of approximately 0 to 4 months depending on the placement of the device. This is especially useful if you do not want a permanent right of access or use.

Some embodiments of the device of the present invention may be similar to an on-nails RFID device whose value is connected to a capacitor based on the capacitance of the user's fingernail. This value affects the response of the RFID device. A disadvantage of RFID technology is that it is easier to block or "interrupt" wireless communications than optical frequencies based on transponders. In addition, separate simultaneous transmissions can be easily performed, confused, or more technically difficult with other adjacent RFID devices, such as on adjacent nails.

Further strengthening the device includes an electrical ground shield on the capacitor plate to isolate the plate from any capacitance change formed between the top of the plate measuring the nail capacitance and the conductive area thereon, such as the metal body of the firearm. There is a provision. This will add a fixed capacitance value to the overall reading, but the smaller but variable capacitance value will be minimized so that the fingers are positioned differently or any conductive or metal region in the vicinity of the identifier controller will have a different shape.

A more distinguishing feature among individuals is the curvature contour of the nail. This may be measured as a flat, inconsistent area of multiple plates or an array of capacitors attached to or placed on the wearer's fingernails. Alternatively, it can be measured by a fixed array of contacts on the surface of the nail. The nail thickness contour can be measured similarly to the manner described above, except that the array of capacitive plates is generally matched to the curvature of the nail.

Data transmitters also typically have a "low power supervisory circuit" for voltage charging a capacitive plate that specifies nail capacitance. Low-power supervisory circuits cause “avalanche” or “short” or electricity when the voltage increases significantly to a value slightly greater than the initial charge of the plate, such as a sparkgap device or a specially designed ESD or avalanche semiconductor. An electronic device having the purpose of conducting. If the fingernail or data transmitter is removed from an individual while the data transmitter is in an "off" or low power state, the capacitance between the plates described above will drop to raise the voltage between the plates and allow the avalanche device to conduct a large portion of the charge. do. When the data transmitter is located back at the user, false description or false user and the data transmitter starts its normal watchdog timer function, voltage charging across the plate will substantially lower its original charge, and the circuit detects this low voltage Conclude that has been touched. On the other hand, the device is in low voltage or suspend mode and is disabled or erases data to prevent further unauthorized use.

Another embodiment of the data transmitter is a single plate that is provided on or substantially in contact with the nail generally in parallel. The dimensions of the plate and the total capacitance formed (the distance between the plate and the pimple under the nail and between the plate and the pimple under the nail) form a resonant circuit. When the resonant circuit receives energy by a device such as a microwave transmitter, it resonates at a specific resonant frequency (s) according to the aforementioned components and factors and forms a device in the form of a microwave transponder. This embodiment requires no wires between the data transmitter and the identifier receiver.

The device may also store information on the digital chip 42 of the data transmitter or simply store data from the identifier controller (such as the identifier controller being fired or unlocked or the identifier controller being operated). This can later be downloaded or read for many purposes, including verification that the operation is performed correctly. In addition, other identifier controllers may read this data to further test and identify whether the user has the authority to perform the next action requested by the user. This example does not allow access to the medical operating room unless the user has recently entered the clean room. Some applications, such as exchanging cryptography, may require negotiation or 'conversation' between the data transmitter and the identifier controller. Another example is to release access to a room with a certain level of toxic gas, such as carbon monoxide, which is determined by the data transmitter and is determined only by a safe transmitter at a safe toxic concentration below the calculated and accumulated daily threshold. will be.

The device works in symbiosis with a fingerprint reader. Because the device can store data such as an individual's identity, expected fingerprint patterns, and other protections, authentications, or classifications, by the device, a fingerprint reader unfamiliar with this new set of fingerprints can be used by individuals with their own fingerprints. You can verify that you are authenticated or that you belong to the category of people who are authorized to gain access and perform functions. The device, combined with a fingerprint reader, can also reduce the error rate of a fingerprint reader with false positive or false negative.

The data transmitter may be configured to receive the signal and to send the signal to an identifier controller that is located above or at a substantial distance from the fingernail, as well as an identifier controller that uses the finger underneath or finger flock as an optical or electromagnetic energy conducting conduit. A good use of this is the use of a push button switch, which is equipped with an identifier controller or connected by an optical fiber link, wherein the optical fiber link verifies the identity and validity of the user before the smart switch performs the requested operation. It allows you to. Fingerprint readers on switches are too slow, too large, unreliable and expensive, making them inefficient.

The data transmitter and its fingernail digital chip 42 may store or exchange messages or data with the identifier controller, and may execute an integral program for verifying the protection of the identifier controller for the purpose of writing and / or timing data. . For example, the data transmitter may perform calculations within the nail digital chip 42, and the wearer may not be allowed access to the area of hazardous gas until two hours after leaving such other area.

The data transmitter may further include a microphone to recognize the wearer's voice and voice command and change its state. Alternatively, the data transmitter may release or write information of a particular category or area to the identifier controller and request that this information be used at the next identifier controller to be read. Examples of this are medical records or certain credit information. Voice commands may direct the execution of operations on stored current or future data, such as performing selections and calculations in dental, medical or financial processing. In contrast, a simpler microphone interface signals the wearer's intention to the data transmitter to recognize the user's finger snapping to indicate a specific desired state change.

Since the data transmitter has a small fingerprint reader or keypad on the top, the individual simply places a preselected finger or a series of fingers among his other fingers on the data transmitter and pre-stores the finger (s) on which his data transmitter is raised. It can be compared with the fingerprint shape and recognized as a user's finger and authorization request and pre-authorized to release the information. Once the preauthorization is completed, the data transmitter can release the requested data to the identifier controller once stimulated by the identifier controller. According to another sequence of fingerprint reading of the individual, the individual may issue a command to the data transmitter such as 'tell me' if any data of the personal / financial category is requested by the identifier controller before releasing the data.

The usefulness of multiple nails, each with a data transmitter attached, is as follows: As the nail grows, the capacitor extends beyond the lower nail skin and changes its value, causing the data transmitter to drop, malfunctioning or becoming invalid. Allow redundancy in cases. An example is a long vacation. Different levels, categories or amounts of information may be stored by the wearer and consciously selected and provided to the identifier receiver. For example, a data transmitter worn on a small finger may only confirm the name and address of a user, while a data transmitter worn on a middle finger may have useful financial information for the identifier controller. The wearer may also possess or retain more full data and functionality available.

If the solar receiving cell operates in the light energy region of the spectrum and does not operate in the RF region, ambient light can be used to charge the power source or battery in the data transmitter, especially during periods of inactivity that are not used to communicate with the identifier controller. This power may be used for other purposes such as periodic and / or sporadic monitoring timer checks of the wearer's pulse rate and / or capacitance and / or later to amplify or increase the signal to the identifier receiver to operate over long distances. have.

A small transparent keypad can be placed on top of the data transmitter to allow the wearer to enter a code to change state or to release or provide information of a particular category or area to the identifier controller requesting the information. For example, the information may include medical records or specific credit card numbers.

It is also possible to detect data transmitter removal using a simple fragile link (a circuit that continuously detects the correct capacitance value, with wires from the data transmitter leading to the glued nails and then back to the data transmitter or switch). Other safeguards may be introduced. If the data transmitter is removed from the wearer or removed without prior permission, the data transmitter deletes or corrupts the data so that it is not transmitted.

Nails are the narrowest and most useful areas of the fingertip, the fastest parts of the body with the most changes in movement and condition. Thus, the state of the device mounted on the nail can be communicated to the identifier controller, the switch or the outside world.

Yet another embodiment provides a means of matching or adjusting the 'regulation constant' useful when replacing the data transmitter so that it is later added to the capacitance value and no revalidation / reintroduction is required. Certain replacement protective conditions are useful to prevent this feature from being used for counterfeiting or fraud. Thus, a method of eliminating the need to perform a reintroduction step after the data transmitter has been removed from the fingernail and replaced to send the 'specific' protective control signal to the data transmitter with shaping or adjustment values added to the original real-time capacitance value. By this, the new composite value of the capacitance sent to the identifier controller will be the same or sufficiently similar to the previous capacitance, and the data transmitter does not need to be reintroduced to the identifier controller to recognize the individual and perform the desired operation. A reliable signal, "Accept this new value as correct, and correct and adjust the constants accordingly," can be used to do this, so that the new position of the data transmitter can later be recognized by another standalone identifier controller. have.

Another embodiment uses sonic pulses, which are generated by an ultrasonic transducer and transmitted through the nail to the flesh below or along the nail, which are read back and / or artificial to further verify the thickness of the nail. It can be read back to verify that there are no unauthorized artifacts under the nail that can be used in attempts to form nail flesh. It can also be used to verify other dimensions of the nail, ie width and length.

The device is characterized by the area (s) of the plate, any conductive adhesive, any insulating adhesive compound, any other interactive structure such as an electromagnetic shield, the overall measurements caused by the individual's grooves and the dielectric constant of the wearer's fingernails. The synthetic capacitance formed is measured and not necessarily the thickness of the wearer's nails.

The individual nail groove shape can be read by placing an electrode array on top of the resistive compound that covers the top while filling the valleys of the nail groove so that the resistance reading between the electrodes is affected by the depth and position of the nail groove and the top.

In addition, once the plate is glued to the nail, the adhesive (as in the preferred embodiment) will essentially have a dielectric constant that is different from that of the individual's nails, and the groove dimensions and ridge dimensions along with the thickness of the adhesive layer on top of all the ridges. This will affect the overall composite capacitance measurement and add physical randomization factors when applying or reapplying.

It also uses an accelerometer to read finger gestures, and to translate or translate the gestures into commands to the data transmitter logic chip or identifier controller in addition to or in addition to pressing finger flicks, so as to discolor the nails or wear a keyboard or other Means can be used to issue commands or data to the data transmitter chip.

The identifier receiver may be assembled or fabricated on the same chip as an identifier logic circuit and considered as a component, depending on the progress and economic potential of semiconductor fabrication.

Although not limiting, the device 10 of the present invention may include triggered tools, storage devices, lock mechanisms, software logical keys, personal identification systems, credit verification systems, computer access, money transfers and other e-commerce, privileged access situations. It is particularly useful for third party information processing, transportation and travel processing, internet processing, pharmacy processing, licenses, registrations, and visa and passport processing.

As a specific example, the identifier controller 12 is mounted to the trigger of the firearm in front of the trigger. Permit / suppress controller 58 is a solenoid sliding release mechanism that is installed and adjusted to be behind the fire trigger at both the closest and most remote operating points of the trigger. The trigger mechanism 60 is a firearm trigger mechanism. The data transmitter 14 is attached to the nail of the individual. The capacitive plate 34 in contact with the human nail 24 may be measurable specific (of approximately 1.000 to 25.000 picofarads), depending on the personal nail characteristics (such as thickness) and the area of the capacitive plate 34. And form a personalized capacitance. Typical capacitive plate 34 may be approximately # 5 mm ² in area. Capacitive plate 34 is connected to inductor 46 to form a resonant circuit.

The key is then inserted into the identifier controller 12, and the individual presses his finger against the fire trigger and presses his finger to engage the push button switch to power the safety device. The identifier logic circuit 20 causes the pulse generator in the identifier emitter 38 to power the data transmitter 14, the capacitive plate 34 and the inductor 46 (resonance circuit). This resonant circuit "rings" or vibrates at a particular frequency determined by the value of the inductor 46 and the capacitance of the human fingernail 24. This frequency or data signal 22 is received by the identifier receiver 18 and the exact frequency in MHz is calculated by the identifier logic circuit 20 and converted into 8-bit to 36-bit binary numbers. The identifier logic circuit 20 then stores the frequency value in a flash memory PROM, typically an 8-bit MPU, such as the Motorola MC6811 or Microchip PIC based MPU in the identifier logic circuit 20. The key is then removed and the individual can use the safety device 10 immediately. In addition, the safety device 10 automatically powers itself 10 minutes after the identifier receiver 18 operates without receiving a signal. Alternatively, a person may recombine the same push button switch to power the safety device 10.

When using the device according to this particular example, an individual engages a push button switch that puts a finger on the fire trigger and presses the finger forward to power the identifier controller 12. The identifier controller 12 uses the same method as described above to measure the capacitance or the synthetic resonant frequency of the human finger conductive circuit 30, the value of which is initially stored in the identifier logic circuit 20 flash PROM. If it is within a small range in the percentage of introduced frequency values, the identifier logic circuit 20 transmits current through the solenoid to release the trigger lock mechanism to cause the trigger to operate. Identifier controller 12 may also emit a “beep”, emit light, or vibrate slightly in the direction of the individual to instruct the individual that the firearm may be used immediately. Identifier controller 12 may also determine how similar the identifier controller 12 may be from determining the validity of an individual's current capacitance value that may require remeasurement or reintroduction.

Typically an individual performs these actions at the start of the day and later validates the sequence. In addition, the individual carries out the same procedure, except that the firearm's safety mechanism is released. In an unrefurbished situation, the safety device is wired to the identifier controller 12, powered, and launches the launch mechanism so that the first position and the firearm can be used immediately in two positions, the first position to check the identifier controller 12. And has a second position to release.

In another particular example where the identifier controller 12 is mounted to the firearm, a key is inserted into the identifier controller 12 and the individual engages the pushbutton switch by pressing the finger forward with the finger on the fire trigger. The push button switch activates the identifier controller 12 and releases the identifier contact spring so that the contact spring pushes the human finger forward. In this example, the identifier contact spring is a direct physical connecting element 32. The identifier contact spring is in contact with a large area of gold leaf that is gold plated and adhered to the individual's fingernails. The identifier controller can then read and record the capacitance formed by the gold leaf plate, the individual's nails and the conductive skin under the nail. This capacitance can be measured by a method such as using a switched capacitor circuit (with CMOS mixed signal integration) to measure a specific capacitance value. At such low capacitance values, the advantage of this method is that the lower the capacitance value, the less current and power is required to make the measurement. The synthesized value is typically stored in a flash PROM in the identifier logic circuit 20, which is an 8-bit MPU with flash or EEPROM nonvolatile memory, such as a Motorola MC6811 series processor. The key is then removed and the individual can use the device 10 directly. The safety device 10 automatically powers itself 10 minutes after operation if the "appropriate" amount of capacitance is not measured, indicating that there is no personal finger. Alternatively, an individual can recombine the push button switch described above to power the device.

In operation, the user presses a finger forward on the fire trigger to engage the push button switch, causing the push button switch to power the identifier controller 12 and release the identifier contact spring to force the finger forward. The identifier controller 12 uses the same method as described above to measure the capacitance of an individual's finger nail conductive circuit 30, with the capacitance ranging from a small percentage of the value of the individual initially introduced in the previous step. In turn, the identifier logic circuit 20 transmits current through the solenoid to release the trigger lock mechanism and allow the trigger to be pulled.

A preferred but slightly less accurate way to form and read an individual's nail capacitive properties is to use a flexible, fluffy, round, rectangular or elliptical conducting surface area of approximately 3 x 5 mm that matches the surface shape of the human nail 24. . This method eliminates the need for gold foil or other semi-permanent discoloration or coating on the nails. The conductive spring contacts the surface of the nail and replaces the semi-permanent capacitor plates normally painted or glued. Choosing a larger dimension can better prevent children from using firearms, since fluffy plates can be easily detected by contact with the flesh on the sides of the children's fairly small fingers. In contact, in this case, the capacitor will be completely "shorted". Also due to the fairly thin nail thickness, the child's capacitance is quite high and will be rejected as an out-of-range value in the initial introduction phase described above.

In another particular firearm example, the data transmitter 14 is attached to an individual's fingernail. The capacitive plate 34 is integrated with the data transmitter 14 and is positioned or in contact with the fingernail to form a measurable specific individualized capacitance. This particular individualized capacitance depends on the finger characteristics of the individual, in particular the nail thickness, the dimensions of the nail and the dimensions and position of the capacitive plate 34. As described above, a key is inserted into the identifier controller 12 and the individual presses his finger forward on the fire trigger to engage the push button switch and power the LED in the identifier emitter 38 to power the nail solar cell ( 40 and the data transmitter 14 illuminate and power the circuit. The nail solar cell powers the nail digital chip 42 with a switched capacitor circuit based on low voltage CMOS mixed signal integration. The nail digital chip 42 measures nail capacitance and is formed using a common charge transfer switching sequence similar to that found in low power A / D converters (formed in the capacitance range of 0 to 25 pico farads of a finger). Convert the measurement to a binary number of 8 to 24 bits. This binary number, for example combined with other data such as checksum and serial number, is approximately 60 bits overall in the nail digital chip 42. This communication takes place in a series of binary ways via a displacement register, typically written at 200 KHz to the IR emitter LED, which emits an identifier receiver 18 (also infrared). The identifier logic circuit 20 acquires digital data at the CMOS voltage level from the identifier receiver 18, verifies the checksum or CRC code, matches the transmitted capacitance value and the nail digital chip 42 serial number and nail The capacitance measurement is stored in a flash memory PROM in the identifier logic circuit 20. The key is then removed and the individual can use the device immediately. In operation, the safety device according to this example functions as described above.

In this way, the device 10 of the present invention is not easily lost or stolen from an authorized user. In addition, the safety device 10 of the present invention is easily retrofitted into existing mechanisms and systems. In addition, the safety device 10 is at least practically unavailable during or after the struggle to release the firearm possessed by the legitimate user. The device 10 of the present invention also increases the protective aspect of the device 10 by generating a signal that is not substantially copied or found.

Embodiments of the present invention in which the device does not need to be permanently mounted to the nail have a number of advantages over conventional safety devices. These advantages include: inherently the fastest, cheapest, smallest, most unobstructed, ergonomic, most robust, and lowest power biometric device available. Use less data storage in contrast to retina or fingerprint biometric devices that can use more than bytes. Individuals who do not like to have their personal data collected by business or government may have fewer complaints than fingerprint identification devices. It is well coupled with the fingerprint reader (without the effect on the speed of operation). The device of the present invention may have or be combined with a hidden machine-random finger contact generation-response mechanism that permits verification that the fingerprint has not been tampered with or identified from the identified individual. Don't leave delayed personal data like fingerprints. Small enough to be installed on a smart card. Differentiate young children from adults. Nails of other fingers are identified and have easy redundancy to be used as a substitute. It is located at the 'decision point' of the person who expresses the intention through the action of the fingertip. Sensitive to the struggle situation, that is, forcing a rebellious wearer to perform a verification operation is much more difficult than most other biometric devices. Multiple devices can be easily coupled to multiple fingers for even tighter safety (up to 10 times). In contrast to other biometric devices it is extremely difficult to read unknowingly or secretly. It is particularly compatible with firearms. Good combination with ciphers or latches. If the password is known, another layer of protection is provided. It is difficult to steal. There is no need for the user to memorize. It has a unique built-in physiologically adjustable and selectable expiration period.

In addition, embodiments of the invention that are permanently mounted to the nail have a number of additional advantages. These advantages are as follows: they are non-contact and hygienic. Can be read / sent at a distance. Due to the low power nature, it is possible to continue to verify the wearer's identity without affecting the wearer's daily activities, so that even very complex and short duration attempts to transfer physical or biometric properties to others can be detected. have. The small interface point makes the reader suitable for interfacing with the switch. Immediate control and / or identification is possible while controlling the device, for example by pressing a switch or operating the device. Instructions, data or information may be received from the wearer. Easily exchange data with a blind or dark wearer. Minimal momentum is required to exchange data. Feedback or data can be given to the wearer quickly and inconspicuous. You can run programs and store data, including password / protection programs, from an authorized reader. Data can be exchanged with remote readers. It allows the wearer to quickly select different reading devices to exchange data and to operate or control the device. It can be read sporadically, periodically or continuously by the reader without requiring any additional wearer effort, time or difficulty. For example, continuous remote reading near the computer keyboard to verify authorized users uses licensed software. An additional level of protection can be achieved by using a random, smeared 'confetti coating'.

The safety devices disclosed herein have many uses. If it depends solely on the nature of the nails, fingers and the surrounding area of a person, it includes:

A MAC device having or replacing a PIN number;

Child exclusion locks, such as vending machines that children cannot handle;

Child-only locks, such as a home back door lock that can only be opened with the finger of a child's small finger;

Electrical appliances on / off / status switches to restrict access to appropriate TV channels for the child, for example when the child turns on the TV equipped with the device;

Fast and cheap low protection lock;

Bicycle locks installed on bicycles;

Briefcase or luggage lock;

Beach or dressing room locks;

Temporary public locks such as, for example, gym lockers or washing machines;

Quick change or quick access locks such as, for example, apartments or hotel rooms;

A public locker that allows a device to open and access belongings, for example, when a user inserts a 25 cent coin and inserts a finger to re-identify his or her identity to the device;

Stand-alone padlocks, padlocks or locks that children cannot handle;

Security locks in hotel rooms where users do not need to set or remember combination numbers;

Fire trigger lock; And

A military or prison lock that deserves to be sturdy and easily configured to hold the fingers of an unauthorized user.

Uses of the safety devices disclosed herein permanently mounted to nails include, but are not limited to:

Use as an extremely protected lock;

Use as a software user identification lock to prevent unauthorized persons from using or copying commercial software;

Use as a personal identification device to identify the person pressing, controlling or operating a switch, such as in industrial or military applications;

Use as an inadvertent switch action suppressor;

For credit card, e-commerce or banking transactions;

Use for verification devices for data copy protection or replay authentication and / or for generating encryption / read keys based on continuous biometrics;

Use as a means of reliably identifying an individual; And

Used as one or more remote controls.

The present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. Modifications and variations obviously devised when reading and understanding the foregoing detailed description are all included in the invention.

Claims (23)

An identifier controller comprising an identifier state actuator in communication with an identifier receiver through an identifier logic circuit, wherein the identifier state actuator processes and performs operations based on a data signal, the identifier receiver receiving data signals; And A data transmitter in contact with the human nail and communicating with the identifier controller, The data transmitter depends on the physical properties of the nail and the surrounding area, The data transmitter transmits a data signal, the identifier receiver receives the data signal, the identifier logic circuit processes the received data signal, and the identifier state actuator operates based on the received data signal. A safety device, characterized in that performing. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a direct physical connection element between the identifier receiver and the data transmitter, And said data signal is transmitted via said direct physical connection element. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the data transmitter comprises: a capacitive plate fixed to the nail of the person; And a circuit return conductor. The safety device of claim 1, further comprising a data transmitter power source for powering the data transmitter. 2. The safety device of claim 1, further comprising an identifier controller power source for powering the identifier controller. 2. The safety device of claim 1, wherein the identifier controller further comprises an identifier emitter that sends a signal to the data transmitter. 7. The digital receiver of claim 6, wherein the data transmitter comprises: a nail digital chip in communication with the identifier receiver; And a nail solar cell that receives a signal from the identifier emitter and powers the data transmitter. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a direct physical connection element between the identifier receiver and the data transmitter, And a data signal is transmitted via said direct physical connection element. The safety device of claim 8, wherein the data transmitter further comprises a nail analog chip in communication with the nail digital chip. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data transmitter comprises: at least one capacitive plate secured to the nail of the person and in communication with the nail analog chip; And a circuit return conductor. 8. The safety device of claim 7, wherein the data transmitter further comprises a fingernail signal emitter that sends a data signal to the identifier receiver. The safety device of claim 11, wherein the data transmitter further comprises a nail analog chip in communication with the nail digital chip. 13. The safety device of claim 12, wherein said data transmitter further comprises at least one capacitive plate secured to said human nail and communicating with said nail analog chip. 7. The safety device of claim 6 wherein the data transmitter further comprises at least one capacitive plate fixed to the nail of the person. 15. The safety device of claim 14, wherein said data transmitter further comprises an inductor for communicating with at least one capacitive plate and sending a data signal to said identifier receiver side. 2. A safety device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a recording device for recording a particular event occurring within said safety device and associated device. The method of claim 1, further comprising a data transmitter protective layer covering and protecting the data transmitter, And the protective layer does not interfere with the communication of data signals between the data transmitter and the identifier controller. Further comprising an identifier controller protective layer covering and protecting the identifier controller, And the protective layer does not interfere with the communication of data signals between the data transmitter and the identifier controller. The safety device of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer between the data transmitter and the nail of the person, wherein the adhesive layer attaches the data transmitter to the nail of the person non-permanently. The safety device of claim 1, wherein the identifier state actuator is in communication with an allow / suppress controller, wherein the allow / suppress controller communicates with the trigger mechanism and allows / suppresses the function of the trigger mechanism. An identifier controller that communicates with an identifier receiver through an identifier logic circuit, wherein the identifier state actuator processes and performs operations based on the data signal, wherein the identifier receiver receives data signals; Providing a data transmitter in contact with the nail and in communication with the identifier controller; Receiving, by the identifier receiver, a data signal; Processing the fraudulently received data signal by the identifier logic circuit; And And performing an action by the identifier state actuator based on the received data signal. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical properties of the fingernail on which the data transmitter depends are selected from the group comprising electrical, magnetic, ultrasonic response properties, tactile, natural or artificially occurring electromagnetic, generated or modified properties, and their environment. Safety device characterized in that. An identifier controller comprising an identifier state actuator in communication with an identifier receiver through an identifier logic circuit, wherein the identifier state actuator processes and performs operations based on a data signal, the identifier receiver receiving data signals; And A data transmitter in contact with the human nail and communicating with the identifier controller, The data transmitter depends on the physical properties of the nail and the surrounding area, The data transmitter transmits a data signal, the identifier receiver receives the data signal, the identifier logic circuit processes the received data signal, and the identifier state actuator operates based on the received data signal. A human machine interface, characterized in that performing.