KR20020062877A - Forming Method of High Contented Biodegradable Steam Exploded Biomass Block·Graft Copolymers Matrix Compound - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biodegradable natural polymer matrix using steam-expanded biomass and grains as main ingredients. The present invention relates to a " biodegradable natural block and graft hybrid polymer matrix compound " having composite properties of thermoplastic resins and a method for producing and molding the compound.

In addition, the present invention relates to a triple layered composite sheet molded from the biodegradable polymer matrix compound and a composition and a molding method for producing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds comprising functional additives auxiliary to the binder polymer matrix of a group of binders reinforced with biodegradable steam-expanded biomass, grain meal, fibers and additives and the like. Sheets formed from this biodegradable polymer matrix compound provide the physical, chemical and morphological stability of the sheet by coating or laminating hydrophobic materials on both sides of the sheet, replacing pulp paper, cardboard and styrofoam products. can do.

Description

Forming Method of High Contented Biodegradable Steam Exploded Biomass Block / Graft Copolymers Matrix Compound}

As environmental interest increases, societal demands and pressure from environmental groups are increasing to develop materials that can replace non-corrosive plastics that are over-produced and over-disposal, and interest in biodegradable polymers is increasing. As a result, there are various studies and attempts to make biodegradable plastics and products.

Biodegradable polymers are divided into three categories.

(a) natural polymers obtained from plants or animals (e.g., cellulose, starch, protein, collagen, etc.),

(b) polymers by fermentation of bacteria or microorganisms (eg poly-hydroxy alkanoates),

(c) Biodegradable as synthetic polymers (eg polycaprolactone and poly-lactic acid).

Starch as the main component, it has been reported that a variety of biodegradable material injection and foam molding to make a (Loose Fill).

It has been reported that biodegradable containers have been commercialized by forming starch as a main component.

It has been reported that a natural material such as chaff, wheat flour, starch, etc. is mixed with a thermosetting resin and molded and commercialized.

There is an attempt to make a biodegradable / hardly decomposable resin by mixing a natural material such as wood powder esterified / etherified and liquefied.

Starches have been reported to destructurize starch to impart thermoplasticity to the starch matrix compound and to commercialize the compound so that it can be easily molded and processed with existing plastic molding machines.

Mixed with starch, olefin resins and various non-degradable resins, many companies have reported that they have made thermoplastic composite resins and commercialized them by giving biodegradability to the mixture.

Pulp mold biodegradable containers, which are made of pulp slurry made from wood pulp, plant pulp made from annual plants, and recycled pulp, are commercially available.

Attempts have been made to obtain Poly-3-Hydroxy Lactic Acid Ester (PHB) as a biodegradable plastic through fermentation.

Attempts have been made to make biodegradable plastics using polyamino acids, in particular gurtene, zein, collagen, fermented polygultamic acid (PGA), synthesized amino acids and the like.

Attempts have been made to biodegradable plastics by chemically treating the pulp, the raw material of cellulose, with esters or ethers.

Cellulose, a natural resin, was prepared in the presence of Polar Aprotic Amide solvent, especially Lithium Halide salt, N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), n-Methyl Morpholine-n-Oxide (NmmO), n-Methyl Caprolactam, para-Formaldehyde, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). By dissolving in a solvent such as), there is an attempt to make a viscose solution at a lower cost and easier than conventional esterification and etherification through conventional inorganic chemical treatment to make natural fibers and biodegradable plastics.

Attempts have been made to polymerize polycaprolactone (PCL) using caprolactone or to mix, blend and disperse it into other biodegradable plastics.

There are attempts to recover the readily available chitin and chitosan from nature and make it biodegradable plastics.

There are attempts to make biodegradable plastics from alginic acid, which are abundant in nature and readily available.

Biodegradable resins, such as aliphatic polyesters, are produced and commercialized through aliphatic polyesters.

Attempts have been made to produce biodegradable resins using saccharides from natural saccharide or the pulp industry.

Attempts have been made to ferment or process and polymerize amino acids into biodegradable plastics of polyamino acids.

Attempts have been made to polymerize soybean oil, fish oil and the like to make biodegradable resins.

It is reported that the factory is being built for the purpose of large-scale commercialization by polymerizing lactic acid to make polylactic acid, a biodegradable polymer.

As mentioned above, a myriad of studies on biodegradability are still underway, and many kinds of various products are already commercialized and placed on the market. Nevertheless, the main reason why biodegradable plastics are not being expanded at all is that compared to commercially available products,

-The moldings are very expensive,

-You do not have a mass production system yet

-Molding process is difficult because the molding process is difficult

-The quality of newly developed products is relatively inferior to the existing molded products,

-This is because the shape of the molded product is not as easy or accessible to the consumer or selected from the consumer as compared with the existing molding. This is because people want a biodegradable polymer product of the same properties as the hardly degradable plastics that are currently used and the price is not going to pay more than the hardly degradable polymers currently used.

The present invention, in addition to improving the physical properties and price competitiveness to overcome the above-mentioned limitations, the present invention filed 10-2002-0029053 " high biodegradable block-graft hybrid polymer matrix compound of 10-2002-0029053" And a compound production method "and 10-2002-0029054," A molded article formed from a biodegradable block-graft hybrid polymerization matrix compound having a high content of wood powder and a molding method thereof ".

Recently, many attempts have been made to utilize wood, pulp, processed and processed products of various plants, products fermented from various bacteria, starch and starch derivatives as biodegradable polymer matrices.

The method of simply molding the exploded biomass, which is the main component of the compound of the present invention, into a molding using a thermoplastic water-soluble resin and carbohydrates, especially starch, contained in grains or paper plants as a base mixture binder, is similar. There is a traditional method that has been used by mankind for thousands of years for the molding and processing of agricultural products. In other words, it is a method of heating and molding a flour containing flour, starch, ground grains, or a dough or slurry of paper plants in a heated container. It can be in the form of bread when it is expressed in food, and can be innumerable, such as the shape or additives of rice cakes made from nurungji, pie, mung bean cake, and ground potatoes. Biomass contained in the above is one of the important components of the present invention.

According to the known techniques related to biodegradable sheets and moldings such as starch, in particular, the conventional techniques such as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1999-0087469 and 1999-0087468,

1. Use only unstarched starch and must be gelatinized in the process,

2. In order to prevent the surface of the sheet formed by the matrix compound from sticking to the roller during the process, the organic additive must be used, and the narrow thermal precipitation temperature of the organic additive must be used to increase the possibility of poor temperature control and a high defective rate. You have to take

3. By self-adhesion power, the formulation should be correct so that it can be finished without flowing or distracting during the process.

4. High starch must be used because it depends only on the cohesion of starch,

5. Even after molding, the resistance to moisture is very weak.

The various problems listed above,

-Any form of starch can be used in the present invention,

-By casting on the continuously supplied barrier film, there is no agglomeration in the processing facility, which does not interfere with the process flow.

-Since casting is performed on the barrier film by gravity, it is possible to consider only the physical and chemical strength and shape stability of the finished product after drying, rather than self-aggregation, so there is room for defects due to compounding errors and deviations.

-Because the process is made by gravity, it is not necessary to have much cohesive force from the coagulant during the process, and structural cohesive force is needed only after drying.

-Even after contact with water after molding, improved resistance to moisture to be used for a long time

In particular, in the present invention, the fact that it can be widely used by adding any biodegradable filler which can be obtained at other low price is very advanced.

Therefore, if biodegradable natural products such as exploded biomass are processed and molded like carbohydrate binders and given hydrophobicity to the surface, various types of containers that can be sufficiently applied in real life can be obtained.

The present invention is easily found around us, taking into account the biodegradability of common "wood-based" (biomass consisting of plant material) and "grain flour", and directly aerated and pre-treated, "functional additives" Inexpensive, elegant, conventional petrochemical products, used to make biodegradable natural polymer matrix compounds (hereinafter referred to as "compounds" as compositions) which are incorporated into "fibers" and are reinforced with "fibers"; The present invention provides a method for producing a biodegradable compound using a degraded biomass high content natural polymer, which is inferior in physical, chemical, and morphological form, and a method for molding a molded product using the compound.

Importantly are improved compositions and methods for producing sheets that are inexpensive and environmentally friendly and have similar properties to paper, cardboard, polystyrene, plastics. It would be an advance in the field of biodegradable molding production if moldings using water- and fiber-friendly explosive biomass and grain meal contained in typical pulp slurries used in papermaking could be produced. It would also be a significant advance in the art if such sheets and containers or articles are readily biodegradable or degradable in soil.

In particular, in making such articles, it is desirable to reduce the required energy and initial capital investment for the manufacture of products having the necessary properties of paper, plastic or metal. In practical terms, it would be a significant advance to provide compositions and methods that can produce sheets, containers, and other moldings at lower cost than conventional paper, plastic product manufacturing.

It is also an advancement to provide compositions and methods of composition in which a significant amount of exploded biomass, cereal meal, bulbous plants, etc., in the aforementioned sheets can be used by directly pulverizing without further processing and can contain natural fillers. In particular, it would be a major advance in the art if the sheets filled with such inorganic materials have greater stretch, tensile strength, elongation, moldability, water resistance and mass productivity than known materials including high content of inorganic additives.

The mixture of the present invention is a "High Contented Biodegradable Steam Exploded Biomass Block. It is called "Three Layered Composite Sheet" and relates to its manufacturing method.

Figure 1 shows an aerator that has been commercialized to continuously detonate biomass.

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c of Figure 2 show commercialized blenders capable of continuously making slurry that can be directly added to the process. In particular, FIG. 2C shows a commercially available blender in which the mixture can be fed constantly, producing continuous slurry of precise formulation.

Figure 2d of Figure 2 shows a commercially available blender capable of blending any slurry by lot.

3A and 3B of FIG. 3 show a roller and a process of continuously sheeting a slurry fed from a continuous mixer.

4A and 4B of FIG. 4 show a roller and a process of continuously sheeting a slurry cast in an extruder onto one or both films to be supplied and finished.

Figure 5a of Figure 5 shows a mixer or extruder in the form of a cylinder.

5B of FIG. 5 shows a fine tuning of the cast sheet between several rollers.

6A, 6B, 6C and 6D of FIG. 6 show the internal structure of the molding.

A method of simply molding a pulverized biomass, which is the main component of the compound of the present invention, into a molding using a thermoplastic water-soluble resin and a carbohydrate, especially starch, contained in grain flour or paper plants as a base mixture binder, There is a traditional method that has been used by mankind for thousands of years for forming and processing foods, similar agricultural products. In other words, it is a method of heating and molding a flour containing flour, starch, ground grains, or a dough or slurry of paper plants in a heated container. It can be in the form of bread, in food form, or innumerable forms or additives, such as nuungji, porridge, soups, pies, bedbug rice cakes, and chopped pieces of ground potatoes. Here, the proteins and carbohydrates, especially starches, included in the dough may also be constituents of the moldings but serve as binders of the moldings and are present in the aqueous mixture of the polymer matrix.

Therefore, by processing and molding a biodegradable natural product such as a wood-based carbide binder to impart hydrophobicity to the surface, a molded article, particularly a container, which can be sufficiently applied in real life can be obtained.

The present invention is easily found around us, and in view of the biodegradability of commonly present "wooden" (vegetable substances) and "grains", it is directly aerated and pretreated to contain "functional additives" and " Cheap, beautiful and conventional petrochemicals, used to make "slurry" forms of biodegradable natural polymer matrix compounds (referred to herein as "compounds") that are reinforced with "fibrous" and bonded in a "binder family". The present invention provides a method for producing a biodegradable compound using a degraded biomass high content natural polymer, which is inferior in physical, chemical, and morphological form to a product, and a method for molding a molded product using the compound.

It is a slurry-type "biodegradable block" in which a slurry with hydrophobic water-plasticizing properties containing a high content of exploded biomass has the "composite properties" of thermoplastics as well as curing properties through dehydration crosslinking. The present invention relates to a composition of " Biodegradable Grafted Block Copolymers Matrix Compound ", a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a three-layered composite sheet molded therefrom and a molded article.

The exploded biomass high content compounds of the present invention have superior strength and performance in water resistance, physicochemical, morphological and functional superiority to paper made from conventional pulp. The composition of the compound used to form the sheet is generally a biomass that has been exploded as a main component, a water-soluble polymer having thermoplastic (thermal gelling or cineresis curing) properties as a primary binder, starch granules contained in grain meal as a secondary binder, homogeneous Dispersed fibers, functional additives, additive components and water and the like as solvents and viscosity modifiers.

Here, the term "dehydration bridge" is also referred to as "cineresis" means that the two molecules are mutually bonded through the reaction to extract water. Similarly, there is condensation polymerization.

The exploded biomass moldings of the present invention have similar properties to paper, cardboard, polystyrene or plastic foam sheets, and are made of a composition of biodegradable polymer matrix and low cost for producing environmentally friendly sheets. Provided is a compound molding method. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for the manufacture of sheets that can be made into a variety of containers or other articles using the manufacturing equipment and techniques used to make paper, cardboard, polystyrene or plastic sheets.

The matrix for preparing a high content of the exploded biomass compound of the present invention is a binder containing a group of exploded biomass, grains, fibers, water-soluble (or water-dispersible) thermoplastic and a carbohydrate (particularly starch), It is composed of additives, functional additives, water and the like to function as a solvent and a plasticizer, and the molding compound is prepared by mixing at a predetermined ratio to form a compound having the above-mentioned properties.

The binder group is mixed into the compound as part of the constituents used to prepare the matrix. The matrix also includes homogeneously dispersed fibers for stretch, stretch and strength. In addition, in order to give physical, chemical and morphological stability of the formed molding, a hydrophobic coating film is formed or adhered to the surface.

In the present invention, "water-soluble" includes both meanings of "water-soluble" and "water dispersible", unless otherwise defined.

The present invention is capable of producing unique moldings having significant strength, elongation, environmental friendliness, mass productivity and low cost by including various materials that can impart relevant properties to elevate the physical properties of the matrix components to one another. have. Such an example can be easily found in the ABS resin or ESR rubber which will be described later.

The "aerated biomass" or "biomass" for short is obtained by blending the fibrous (wood) system existing in nature with the compound of the present invention through the amplification method described below. Unless otherwise stated or defined, biomass refers to degraded biomass.

The "binder group" refers to a combination of binders used in the molded article or sheet of the present invention. That is, it means that the organic binders included in the combination are mixed with the natural binders supplied from the grains.

The term "composite" is a broadening concept of compound, in which the composition used to make the sheet is biomass depleted, water-soluble thermoplastic (or thermogel-hardening) binder resin, biodegradable grain meal, fiber, inorganic additives, functional additives and It is meant to include several chemically or physically different substances or phases, such as water. These broad categories of materials allow each to have one or more inherent properties in the final sheet produced as well as in the composition used to form the sheet.

The term "fibrous" reinforcement is literally fiber-input, but the moldings or sheets or moldings of the invention are distinguished from pulp paper or plastic sheets. Pulp paper relies on hydrogen bonding (condensation) due to interentanglement of fibers based on "web" physics to provide not only the binding of the paper but also the three-dimensional matrix and weight. Specifically, in order to give form and weight to the paper, the thermosetting resin and the filler are added together with the hydrogen bonding of the pulp.

The terms that may be referred to as "slurry", "polymer matrix" or "molding composition", "moldable composition", or "exploded biomass high content polymer matrix" are distinguished by the content of water and are interchangeable. Refers to a "biodegradable polymeric matrix compound" of exploded biomass that is meaningful and can be molded into sheets or other forms. It is characterized by the inclusion of water as a solvent and plasticizer to mix significant quantities of exploded biomass and grain meal, small amounts of organic synthetic binders, various amounts of fiber and mineral additives to form a plastic-like plasticity mixture. . The compound may include additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, dispersants, hydrocurables and blowing agents which are functional additives.

The term "total solids" includes all solids, whether suspended or dissolved in the mixture. Total solids, of course, do not include formulated water.

Although the high biocracked compound of the present invention has a limited range of plasticity and cohesiveness, it is stable after being molded into a desired shape and exhibits relatively high bearing capacity. "Polymer matrix", "compound" or "exploded biomass mixture" refers to a compound regardless of the degree of drying. Such compounds comprise a dried polymer matrix and a completely dried compound (although a certain amount of water remains as bound water in the binder group in the sheet).

The compound is formed into a sheet and heated to cure the binder and serve as a functional additive, and the sheet or molded article formed after at least partially drying will have an "exploded biomass high content polymer matrix".

The composition for making the matrix comprises 5 to 90% of the aerated biomass by weight of total solids; Starch binder and water-soluble organic synthetic resin binder contained in grains of the binder group of 1 to 90%; 1 to 40 weight percent fibrous material; 0 to 90% filler by weight; The slurry contains an amount of water sufficient to produce the compound. Water-soluble resins in the compound also act as thickeners that increase the support of the matrix, allowing homogeneous dispersion of the fibers throughout the entire polymer matrix.

In general, there are various methods of molding plastics, but mainly injection, extrusion, and calendering methods through casting, etc. The injection and extrusion of the exploded biomass compound of the present invention can use a conventional plastic processing method. In the calendaring process, the compound is cast on the barrier film continuously supplied through a conveyor to laminate the compound, thereby forming the compound as an initial sheet.

The fully mixed biodegradable polymer matrix is laminated to a constant thickness by a calender on a continuously fed coating or on a barrier which is continuously fed through a conveyor. The sheet then passes through a heating means heated to at least the gelatinization temperature of the starch. For example, starch such as potato starch is gelatinized at 65 ° C., corn starch at 95 ° C., and waxy corn starch at 70 ° C.

Compounds cast on the barrier film are uniformly flattened by heated pressing rollers. The sheet is cured to a significant extent by evaporating a significant amount of water. Heating means hot enough to remove the water gelatinizes the starch granules. The initial sheet passes between the heated rollers and is uniformly dispersed with the other binder and compound components to bind to the barrier film, after which a significant amount of water is removed by evaporation to form the initial sheet. After that, another barrier layer is laminated on the surface of the initial sheet, which is almost dried, and the heated roller is pressed onto the sheet to bond with the initial sheet, thereby completing the process of the double-sided biodegradable sheet.

The exploded biomass compound of the present invention comprises a small amount of water compared to the water contained in the slurry used for the manufacture of pulp species, compositions and methods for producing environmentally friendly sheets that do not require excessive dehydration during the sheet forming process. Provide methods for the production of sheets, containers and other articles that can be decomposed or biodegradable into materials in the soil, and at a cost lower than the cost of manufacturing paper, plastic or metal products. It provides a composition, reduces the energy and initial investment for the manufacture of moldings having the same properties found in paper or plastic sheets, and in particular provides a composition and method which can contain a high content of exploded biomass, The sheet may contain significant amounts of natural additives and may have a high content of filler It provides greater flexibility, tensile strength, elongation, compositions and methods for the production of mineral-filled sheet-tree having a moldability, mass-productivity compared to the material.

Molded articles, in particular sheets formed using the exploded biomass polymer matrix compound preparation method of the present invention, may have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 100 mm. However, the sheet has a thickness of less than 1 cm, in particular less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm and most preferably less than 1 mm in order to have a quality similar to paper or cardboard.

The sheets prepared according to the invention have properties similar to paper and plastic sheets and can be used to mold articles such as containers or other packaging materials.

As a result of the present invention, it has been possible to mass produce various articles which have been made of paper, cardboard, plastic or polystyrene so far at a lower cost than the related costs when using the aforementioned materials. Cost savings are a reasonable result of manufacturing processes that require less energy and initial capital investment, as well as reduced unit costs of raw materials. In particular, the compositions used for the production of high-strengthened biomass sheets of the present invention require less dehydration than paper manufacture and are less expensive to obtain the necessary raw materials than plastic or metal production.

In addition, the exploded biomass high polymer compound sheet contains only environmentally friendly components, and the manufacture of the sheet using the compound has less environmental impact than the production of sheets from known paper or plastic materials. The exploded biomass high content sheet of the present invention requires the use of high concentrations of wood pulp, products from petrochemicals, energy or other natural resources required for manufacture, than in the manufacture of paper, plastic or metal sheets or other articles. do.

Starch and water-soluble resin components are easily dissolved in water to promote recycling or biodegradability. If disposed in the environment, starch and water-soluble resins absorb water and dissolve rapidly, leaving only a small amount of biomass and functional additives with a composition similar to fiber and soil. Dissolved starch and water soluble resin and dispersed fiber are easily destroyed by the microorganisms present in the soil.

Starch granules used as natural binders in the processing of the exploded biomass high biodegradable moldings of the present invention are generally insoluble in water and are only passive if the composition containing such granules is not heated to above the gelling temperature of the starch. It acts only as a particle filler. Otherwise, the mixture must contain much more water in order to maintain the same formability due to the viscosity increasing effect of the gelatinized starch in the molding and the gelatinization of the starch.

Moldings using polymer matrix compounds based on exploded biomass are made to have properties similar to paper, cardboard, or other sheet materials. The sheet described above has very excellent dimensional strength and hydrophobic moisture properties because it forms a barrier film uniformly coated on the surface of the sheet during or after molding.

The exploded biomass moldings of the present invention may be described as thermoplastic composite sheets or moldings composed of "composite components" described below, in particular fiber reinforced. That is, a thermoplastic composite or molded product in which a mixture in which fiber is further reinforced with a composite component is bonded to a binder group.

The most importantly set goal pursued by the present invention is to provide plasticity and flexibility despite the fact that the constituents of the exploded biomass high content are different from those of natural acid without plasticity, and thus processing methods such as heating after initial molding. It is to be molded through, for example, ABS resin (ABS-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) resin, a synthetic block compound and the like, and synthetic rubber. Each component contained in ABS resin is a plastic resin and has many disadvantages, so it is not well manufactured alone (except for PS resin), but the three (substantially four) components add synergy performance. Similarly, SBR (SBR) synthetic rubber also blends styrene monomer and butadiene monomers, giving it a good third rubber property.

This is an embodiment of the "Block Graft" matrix compound composed mainly of a biodegradable natural material capable of thermoplastic molding pursued by the present invention.

In light of these definitions and principles, a variety of products, including sheets of biodegradable polymer matrices, including shredded biomass, grain meal, binder groups, fibers, and other additives, are combined and have properties similar to pulp paper or paperboard. Is molded into. The exploded biomass high content moldings or sheets of the present invention may replace sheets made of plastic and polystyrene. The sheet is cut into various containers and other articles of manufacture by forming operations such as bending, folding or winding. The exploded biomass high content compositions, methods and moldings of the present invention are particularly useful for the mass production of disposable containers and food packaging materials, such as the fast food industry.

The characteristics of the exploded biomass compound or sheet of the present invention differ from other biodegradable moldings in the case of conventional starch and inorganic high content moldings, in which the molding is brought into contact with water, especially hot water. From the moment, the bond strength is significantly lowered, and after a few minutes, the molding itself cannot be supported, which limits its use. Starch, olefin resin, and alloy can easily decompose, but starch is easily decomposed. However, it was confirmed that biodegradation occurred and the olefin resin was present.

The exploded biomass molded article of the present invention initially dissolves in the water of the water-soluble binder, and then after the debonding occurs slowly due to the debonding of the composite components or the like added to the container, the exploded biomass is uniform. It has a mechanism that is decomposed by, has the advantage that the usable period is long enough compared to biodegradable moldings made of other natural products, and the composite component of the molding is physically resistant to moisture. However, after decomposition, it is completely decomposed in soil and returned to fertilizer, contributing to the natural cycle of nature.

Overview of cellulose;

One of the main components of the present invention the depleted biomass is cellulose. The strong binding force of paper made of pulp, a representative cellulose, is due not only to the cohesive strength of the sizing agent and thermosetting resin contained in the paper, but also to the OH (hydroxyl) bond between the fibrils of the recombined pulp.

There is a great deal of research into the properties of plant fiber, especially cellulose.

Cellulose dissolves in solvents when it creates a special environment. For example, N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), n-Methyl Morpholine-n-Oxide (NmmO), n-Methyl Caprolactam, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), para-Formaldehyde in the presence of polar aprotic amide solvents, especially lithium halide salts There is an attempt to make a biodegradable plastic by dissolving viscose or cellulose in a cheaper and simpler process by dissolving with a solvent and preparing a viscose through an existing inorganic treatment process or by esterification and etherification. But despite many advances, it cannot be seen as a complete dissolution of cellulose. This is because it is difficult to form and process freely like plastic except for spinning or film.

For reference, the production process of paper made of pulp, wood fiber, in the manufacture of pulp species, the kraft process or sulfurous acid process is generally used to form pulp.

In the kraft process the pulp is "cooked" in the NaOH process for fiber breakup. Acid is used in the dissolution process in the sulfurous acid process. In these processes it is primarily processed to release lignin trapped in the fiber walls. However, when the lignin is removed from the fiber, the strength of the fiber is lost. Since the sulfurous acid process is a much more severe condition, the strength of the paper produced by the sulfurous acid process is only about 70% of the paper strength produced by the kraft process.

When wood is fiberized by the kraft or sulfurous acid process, it is processed in the blast furnace to release hemicellulose and lignin in the fibers and to rub the fibers together. The resulting pulp slurry, typically composed of 99.5% water and about 0.5% wood pulp, releases enough hemicellulose and rubs the fibers sufficiently to produce intertwined fiber effects (web physics) and self-bonding fiber mixtures through hydrogen bonding. Are more confessed to form. However, this vigorous treatment in pulp production creates grooves along the entire length of the fiber, losing most of the tensile, tear and tear strength. Paper making relies on web physics to achieve the necessary bonding and structural integrity of the paper sheet, so a relatively high proportion of fibers (80% or more) must be added to the paper sheet.

The slurry subjected to water is firstly dehydrated by uniform application of the slurry on a mesh screen and extrusion using a roller to “squeeze out” the water. This primary dehydration process results in a sheet with a water content of 50-60%. The paper sheet being dried after initial dehydration is further dried by heating the sheet by means of a heated roller. Alternative fibrous materials may be added to obtain the properties of typical paper with materials other than pulp. Alternatives include various plant fibers (known as "secondary fibers") such as reed, bamboo, straw, flax fiber, manila hemp, hemp, and sugar cane. The resulting fiber is sometimes called "plant paper."

But the paper industry gets pulp from wood and uses too much energy to make paper from it, polluting the environment.

In the light of current technology, it is, after all, molded to fit the characteristics of raw pulp fiber, starch and depleted biomass, which is much more economical and practical than a modification or substitution of glucose molecules. However, in spite of advanced modern paper production methods, there is no “molding” pulp fiber slurry that can be molded like plastic at any moment during the paper manufacturing process. It is because it does not show plasticity by heat due to the characteristics of cellulose and does not melt completely to enable molding by any solvent.

The bombarded biomass high content sheet of the present invention is distinguished from conventional pulp species in many senses, although it has various properties that can replace paper. First, much less water is used (less than 50% by weight) in pulp species containing greater than 97% and even 99.9% water in the exploded biomass compound of the present invention as compared to slurry. In addition, the exploded biomass high content sheet of the present invention is more cohesive than the aqueous pulp slurry and is formed with the polymer matrix in the compound and thus retains its shape once formed without further molding or action.

In paper production, unlike extracting only cellulose from wood, and removing hemicellulose and lignin, in the present invention, the use of raw materials is high and the loss rate is relatively low because the wood (biomass) is bombarded and residues are used separately. This is very desirable to contribute more to the environment than the paper manufacturing industry. In addition, the properties of the exploded biomass high-compound compounds of the present invention do not depend solely on web physics to bind the components of the sheet. Rather, the binding and cohesion of the binder group components provide most of the tensile and flexural strength of the sheet. The binder group interacts to some extent with fibers and other solid components as well as with itself as a binding matrix.

As a result, lower proportions of fiber can be included in the compound while maintaining the tensile strength, tear and tear strength, and elasticity advantages imparted by the fiber. The use of less fiber while maintaining good strength properties makes it possible to produce sheets, containers or other related moldings more economically than paper.

because,

(1) the exploded biomass to be used in the present invention is much cheaper than pulp,

(2) The raw grains and documents to be used in the present invention are much cheaper than processed starch and organic synthetic binders,

(3) capital investment for processing equipment is much smaller than for the paper industry,

(4) to reduce the amount of contaminants associated with fiber production by removing hydrophobicity and minimizing fiber content of the surface of biomass that has been depleted by pretreatment, not through acid and alkali methods;

(5) This is because the amount of water used in the process of the present invention is small and the amount of energy required for drying is small.

The fiber's L / D ratio and strength are important features in determining the amount of fiber to be used.

The greater the tensile strength of the fibers, the less amount that must be used to obtain the tensile strength required for the moldings. Some fibers have high tensile, tear and tear strength and other types of fibers with lower tensile strength may be more elastic. High concentrations of fiber are required when the sheet is used for applications that bend at large angles.

Fibers with shorter L / D ratios or shorter fibers mix easily with the compound. Fibers such as kraft pulp and manila hemp have high tear and tear strength. Fibers such as cotton have lower strength and greater elasticity. Where better mixing, higher elasticity and higher tear and tear strength are required, a combination of fibers having various L / D ratios and strengths is added to the mixture.

The fibers used to make the exploded biomass high-compound compounds of the present invention have higher width "length / diameter ratios (L / D)" because longer and thinner fibers can impart greater strength to the polymer matrix. Prefer that. It is preferred that the fibers have an L / D ratio of 10: 1, in particular 100: 1.

Cotton, wood fiber, flax, manila hemp, hemp, and sorghum are preferred because they readily degrade under normal conditions. Depending on the application, recycled paper fibers may be used.

Compared to paper, the crushed biomass high content sheet of the present invention has similar properties in terms of tensile, flexural and cohesive strength with wood paper, although fibers of about 1/100 to 1/3 are used. This is partly because the fibers used in the high biomass bombarded of the present invention are less processed than the fibers used in paper making. It is also because a certain amount of fiber contained in the grain meal is included as the binder and the structural component.

In either case, the fibers used for the high content of the exploded biomass of the present invention retain their original strength, as compared to the fibers used in paper, because the pulp species are not subjected to the intense processing used in the manufacture. In addition, the exploded biomass high fiber content of the present invention requires little chemical processing compared to the paper industry.

Subsequently, a detailed description will be given of the components, roles and functions of the exploded high biomass content of the present invention.

A. Biomass and Pretreatment

The "exploded biomass" which is the main component of the exploded biomass compound of the present invention is defined as follows. It is a collection of stem cells of perennial trees or annual plants, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and finely powdered by crushing wood with physical properties above a certain required physical strength. Depending on the type of raw material and the use of the moldings, it may have further processes described below.

Plants live for years and sometimes even over a thousand years, accumulating large amounts of wood (stem cells) in the stems. These life activities of plants are ingeniously influenced by the earth's environment and have many indispensable influences on human life. Almost everything produced by these plants ceases to be active and then returns to nature for biodegradation. These cycles of production and decomposition are linked together to become the nourishment of new life.

However, high-quality plastics made by humans are not decomposed in the natural environment, and thus it is not possible to turn the cycle of production and decomposition, which is a barrier to environmental circulation.

Wood (biomass), like carbohydrates, is a very inexpensive, abundant, and limited resource that is reproduced annually. From perennial wood or bamboo, perennial trees without economics, stems of annual reeds, mountains and fields and annual grasses, deciduous, cultivated vegetables, grains and dried fruits, stems, leaves, food on the streets. There are innumerable amounts of manufacturing by-products, wood processing and waste products after food manufacturing, but we use very little in our lives and they are extremely limited.

Except for fruit, stem plants, like any species, are mostly composed of the following three species. 35-45% cellulose, 25-35% hemicellulose and 20-30% lignin. Except in the case of using wood as it is, mankind extracts only cellulose from the pulp paper, cellophane film, artificial fiber (viscose) and plastics, and hemicellulose and lignin are extracted and disappeared during hydrolysis with acid and alkali. , Or almost entirely with fuel, which causes another environmental problem.

Existing known wood pulp production processes include mechanical pulp, chemical pulp and semichemical pulp. Further subdivided here are alkali treatment, sulfur dioxide (sulphuric acid) treatment, hydrogen peroxide treatment, supercritical ammonia treatment, ammonia freeze depletion, weak acid extraction and vapor depletion. However, this pulp manufacturing method is not suitable for treating short fiber biomass.

Recently, among these traditional treatment methods, the steam decay method has been widely studied and considered as an environmentally and functionally superior treatment method. In addition, this has the advantage that can be effectively dissociated and purified hemicellulose and lignin.

The steam decay method, which produces the decayed fibrin system, which is the main component of the compound of the present invention, is a method of explosive ejection after heating the biomass with a high-pressure steam for a certain time, as compared with the conventional acid / alkali treatment method. It is remarkably less corrosive and breaks down into relatively small fragments so that lignin can be easily dissolved.

Before explaining the biomass treatment in detail, the wood pyrolysis process and surface treatment method through dry distillation will show that the "adsorbed water" of wood is evaporated at 100 ℃ heating, but the structure is higher than 100 ℃. As the adsorbed water is released, pyrolysis starts slowly, the decomposition rate is accelerated at 150 ° C, hemicellulose is rapidly decomposed at 180-300 ° C, cellulose is decomposed at 240-400 ° C, and lignin is decomposed at 250-550 ° C. Exothermic peaks are shown in the vicinity of ° C, 300 ° C and 400 ° C, respectively. At this time, it decomposes vigorously and causes an exothermic reaction. At 500 to 1,000 ° C, hydrogen is separated from three major components of carbide to form charcoal. The peak of wood gas production around 700 ° C is mainly due to the hydrogen content.

Although the specific gravity of trees varies greatly from species to species, the largest species is African Ironwood, which is 1.49 g / cm3 and the smallest is Cuban Aeschynomene Hispidad, which is 0.044 g / cm3. The chaff is 1.10 g / cm 3 and the apparent specific gravity of the expanded chaff is 0.17 g / cm 3.

In the present invention, any form of biomass may be used, but preferably 0.1 to 1.5 g / cm 3 is used. Combining low specific gravity biomass has the same effect as moldings with 1 to 5 times the foam compared to ordinary plastics. If you compare the same strength and weight, it will give a stronger strength than plastic. This is another advantage and feature of the present invention. The reason for this light is due to the voids formed inside the wood system by drying the adsorbed water.

The wood system prepared in this way is now widely used as a filler for plastics, and generally contains 20 to 60% wt of plastics. It is mainly formulated in injection or extrudates of general purpose plastics such as PVC, PE and PP. This can be reduced by using an average specific weight of wood powder of about 0.3 ~ 0.9g / ㎝, wood-based environmentally friendly, can be obtained at a lower price than plastic in terms of price, and physical properties are also comparable to plastic. The wood system is mixed with the above-mentioned general resin, molded to have similar characteristics to wood, and used for similar purposes to wood, and partially derives better performance than wood. Unfortunately, the alloy of wood and plastic loses its biodegradability. While the above-mentioned wood flour is environmentally friendly, the use of wood felling, that is, using wood flour, is environmentally destructive and energy-consuming. Thus, the present invention also makes it possible to use stem cells of annual plants with low commercial value in the present invention.

One of the most important reasons for applying the detonated biomass to the present invention is that while the wood has a strength of 400-700 kg / cm 2, the general-purpose plastics under the same conditions are the same or less. Unlike starch, cellulose, which is a component of the decomposed biomass, is not dissolved in water and is molded in water, and then directly contacts moisture. However, unlike starch, morphology changes rapidly (Collapse) and physical properties are immediately degraded. It is not that.

On the other hand, when starch is used as a main component as a biodegradable binder, the gelatinization temperature or glass transition temperature of the starch is 55-95 ° C. Therefore, when hot water is contained in the molding or when a high frequency heater (microwave) is used, it is higher than the glass transition temperature. Due to the temperature transmitted from the warmed contents, the starch may soften. In this case, the physical shape of the molding changes. In the case of biomass, it prevents the conduction of heat so that even if used at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature, the shape stability due to heat is not so impaired.

Another very important point is that it is natural that detonated biomass is more competitive than non-modified starch, given the chemical treatment costs and processes involved in modifying the starch to impart specific properties. to be.

As is well known, the moisture properties of biomass are high in starch content, which does not degrade the properties of the moldings even if the users of the moldings come into contact with water during storage, transportation or use of the high biomass moldings. Very good compared to the sheet and that is one of the features of the exploded biomass high content compound moldings of the present invention.

When explaining the vapor explosion method applied in the present invention in detail, it is relatively easy to extract the cellulose as a component of the wood-based (fiber-based) biomass through the steam explosion method It is a method of obtaining a fiber by screening. This is also referred to simply as a bombardment method. This is one of the good ways to effectively select and use components of woody or non-woody biomass, which are particularly inexpensive.

After that, "woody biomass" or "non-woody biomass" omits biomass and gives the same meaning to "woody", "woody flour" or "biomass" and calls them according to usage and convenience.

In this context, the low economic value means that the biomass, which is available at low prices, such as by-products such as sawdust, wood processing by-products, rice hulls, rice straw, and processed foods, and other relatively expensive forest resources such as wood, adds value as a predetermined purpose. It is not suitable to be used as a high item, so it is inexpensive even if it is processed. However, these wood-based by-products still have the appropriate fiber and properties for use in specific applications, which can be transformed into suitable forms by separate processing and used as components of the exploded biomass compound of the present invention. It can create high added value.

The low-cost fiber that can select and extract cellulose through the explosive method may include a variety of biomass, but as a representative fiber suitable for the compound of the present invention chaff, rice straw, sawdust, rye straw, millet , Sugarcane, bean stalks and stems. Long fibers may include Kenaf, flax, hemp, hemp, jute, manila hemp and the like.

Such fibrinous (woody) biomass comprises leaves, stems, and roots of natural vegetation, which are composed mainly of three components of fibrin (cellulose, cellulose), hemicellulose, and lignin. By decomposing or converting them, a large amount of useful substances such as cellulose (cellulose, pulp), glucose, xylose (xylose), purified lignin, and their derivatives such as ethanol and xylitol can be obtained. have.

However, fibrinous biomass contains three to three species depending on the species, but contains a certain ratio, for example, 45-50% cellulose, 12-25% hemicellulose, and 23-35% lignin in Korean oaks. It forms the form of timber tissue. In order to separate and use these three components, it is necessary to first cut the tissues between them, break the bonds, and perform purification to separate the components.

Among the above-described fibrous materials, in particular, the comparative analysis of fibres, such as chaff, rice straw, straw, sugar cane, and wood, which are easy to obtain, confirmed the following components.

In the length of the fiber, coniferous tree which is pulp wood 3.0mm (diameter 40 micron L / D 75), hardwood 1.2mm (diameter 26 micron L / D 46), Kenya (Bast) 2.6mm (diameter 20 micron L / D 130), Kenyaf (Core) 0.6mm (diameter 30 micron L / D 33), bamboo 3.0mm (diameter 15 micron L / D 200), rye 1.5mm (diameter 13 micron L / D 110), Sugar cane 1.5 mm (diameter 20 micron L / D 75) and the like, non-wood biomass can be used sufficiently in the detonated biomass high content matrix compound of the present invention.

Therefore, there are various attempts to break down or modify the bonds between the three components of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biomass so as to use the components as they are or to facilitate separation through additional decomposition and conversion reactions.

Material of the skin of the seeds, such as of the particular chaff aforementioned materials are different and by-products (particles) of the rice straw and wood as a material which serves to protect the contents of the seeds, and is bent in the form, floor waxes and silicon (SiO ₂₎ is Because of its presence, its tensile strength is so low that it is only about one-third of the fiber produced from wood.

There has been no record of prior studies or attempts to fibrillate biomass short fibers such as those described above to twist yarns or mats or to use them as woven fibers. Because the length of these fibers is too short to weave. There was an attempt to make paper and cardboard. However, it is a known fact that wood flour pulverized to 100 mesh or less is used as an excipient and additive of a thermoplastic resin.

However, when the fiber is separated by amplifying it, the ratio of the length to the diameter (L / D) of the fiber is 10 to 100, which is used as a strength reinforcing agent of plastic, which is inferior to other fillers.

The principle of the explosion is to contact the biomass containing fiber with moisture or acid and alkali to activate and mix the surface of the biomass, and heat the biomass to about 180 ~ 230 ℃ for a predetermined period by using water or water vapor. After swelling, it is placed in a closed reactor and the pressure of about 20 (actual process pressure 14-30) is applied for 1-10 minutes, then the reactor is suddenly opened and the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure to condense steam (water). And the adsorbed water inside the biomass is heated by steam from the heated steam and the vapor pressure of the adsorbed water due to the heat (evaporation pressure), so that the water instantly expands to water vapor, and the expanded water evaporates with the adsorbed water in the biomass and is blown away. Say

Here, activation means that the hydroxyl group on the surface of the biomass is ready to hydrogen bond with other components through dehydration reaction, and has a physical similar meaning to "swelling" and "swelling". Used equally.

When a pressure of 15 to 30 atm is applied to bomb the biomass, the water vapor at 180 to 230 ° C., most of the adsorbed water and the liquid lignin dissociated together, and at the same time, the adsorbed water or water, Cell and stem structures are destroyed, expanded and foamed. As a result, the fibers contained in the biomass are fibrillated into a three-dimensional shape such as a net. In particular, hemicellulose and lignin contained together are ruptured and dissociated so that they can be physically easily separated from fibrillated cellulose.

The surface of the fibrils branched and dissociated is further activated to be easily hydrolyzed or dehydrated with water, enzymes, components, and additives.

Here, the steam pressure of the saturated steam heated to about 180 ~ 230 ℃ is about 10 ~ 28 kg / ㎠. This process is similar to the method of frying you can see a lot around us. The fibrillated treated as described above is used for various purposes such as pulp, plastic additives, microcrystalline cellulose and the like depending on the length of the fiber.

In order to improve the destructive process so that a single destructive process can achieve the desired physical properties, an appropriate "pre-explosion" may be carried out before the biomass is introduced into the reactor. The pre-explosion treatment is a method of activating the surface of the biomass by heat treatment with water vapor, or an alkali treatment, in particular, 1 hour treatment in a 1% caustic soda solution to further promote the dissociation of hemicellulose and lignin.

In order to achieve the purpose of obtaining a predetermined fiber from the biomass, the wood (fiber) -based biomass shredded to a predetermined size is put into a temperature-controlled extraction reactor equipped with a heating jacket through a hopper and heated through a preheater The steam is blown at a constant temperature and pressure to activate the release of hemicellulose and some lignin from the biomass. Then close the bottom valve and open the steam valve at the top of the reactor to apply a certain amount of steam to the inside of the reactor and then close it, and immediately open the bottom valve to open and close the explosive solids containing cellulose and lignin in the reactor. Erupt and explode. The above procedure is repeated to obtain a large amount of biomass explosives.

Due to the heat and pressure transmitted during the aforesaid explosive process, the acetyl group in the hemicellulose may be released, which may result in the pH of the process steam being reduced to about 3.0. As a result, some of the hemicellulose is hydrolyzed and turned into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, making them soluble in water. At the same time, lignin opens up alkylallyl ether bonds to lower molecular weight, and most of them are dissolved in organic solvents or weak alkalis. The deterioration of these components is to destroy the structure of the cell wall, the cellulose is exposed and the form of the hemicellulose and lignin is altered to increase the reactivity to enzymes and the like.

Depending on the purpose of the extract or the purpose of the process, it may be necessary to minimize disruption of fibrin or to promote glycation of the treated product. This is possible by controlling the type of biomass, the heat and pressure administered during the process and the process time.

After treatment is a polysaccharide slurry liquid containing a large amount of water and fibers.

The deaerated biomass is discharged from the pressure vessel, and then separated into fibers and slurries in a refiner, and the separated fibers are decomposed to suit the purpose.

A more detailed description of the fiber detonation process and apparatus used as the main component of the present invention.

A hatch that can be easily opened or closed is installed at the inlet or top of the reactor in order to load the biomass into the cylinder or reactor to be aerated. In order to unify the term, the cylinder is also referred to as a reactor.

In order to keep the temperature inside the reactor uniformly (180 ℃ ~ 230 ℃), a steam jacket is installed outside the reactor, and a preheater heated by an electric heater is operated to prevent the introduction of cold biomass or condensate into the reactor. Each temperature is controlled by automatic temperature control heater. On the other hand, in order to prevent excessive steam injection in the steam injection into the reactor after the extraction is completed, a thermostatic valve is installed on the top of the reactor.

The most important requirements of reactor operation are to keep the temperature and process time inside the reactor uniformly, and secondly, to keep the high pressure (10-28 kg / cm2) of pump, preheater, reactor during extraction operation stable. The third is to keep the operation of the device precise under such a premise.

The machine for the continuous aeration process described above is preferably similarly constructed with reference to the process of Stake Technologies Ltd. in USA / Canada, as shown in FIG.

First, in order to heat the reactor (cylinder) to the pre-exposure treatment temperature, saturated steam heated by a steam generator is introduced into the reactor. By operating a thermostatic valve connected to the jacket inside the reactor and the outside of the reactor, when the temperature inside the steam jacket and the reactor reaches the desired temperature, the high pressure steam injection valve is adjusted to maintain the reached temperature.

For example, a heated biomass rice husk is introduced into the reactor through a hopper, all the valves connected to the reactor are closed to close the inlet, and only the open / close valves for steam inlet and outlet are opened, and heated saturated steam is introduced. do. The biomass inside the reactor is injected for 1 minute to reach a predetermined temperature and pressure, and immediately opens the bottom-opening valve to explode and explode the explosive solid after extraction including cellulose and lignin in the reactor into the flash tank. Thus, the fiber of the crushed chaff can be obtained. Physically separate the fibers and slurries for blending into the compound.

The process can be configured with machines and related processes to be carried out in batch or continuous mode. In order to obtain a large amount of biomass explosives, the above-described process of addition, heating, pressurization and aeration are repeated.

When the steam blasting method is applied to the cellulose-based biomass by the above-described crushing method, it is possible to easily and effectively decompose the pulverized biomass to obtain a fibrous solid with a high yield. It has the following advantages over minutes.

First, depending on the type of biomass used, various biomass particles with a particle size of about 100 mm or a very small particle size of 1 mm can be treated to obtain fiberized solids as they are without cutting or destroying the fiber length. Can be.

Secondly, the exploded fiber can be used immediately after the process without drying, so that the activated fiber can be blended into the slurry to obtain a reactive compound. This is because the supply and demand of raw materials is smooth, quick and easy to maintain the temperature, thereby increasing the productivity of the slurry blended into the treated solids.

Third, the use of biomass cheaper than wood can provide a more competitive raw material in terms of price.

The fibrillated solid material is dissociated with the adsorbed water by the explosives, the fiber phase is expanded and softened, the fiber phase is expanded in three dimensions, and the fibrous hydroxyl group is exposed to water to activate the composition of the compound of the present invention. The mixture is uniformly kneaded with the powder so as to bond more strongly with other components through a crosslinking reaction, which is hydrogen bonding through drying.

The fibrillation and fibrillation of the biomass fibers through the explosives are applied as the main constituents of the compound of the present invention to induce crosslinking through hydrogen bonding of fibrils, and to form the SMC using glass fibers. Sheet molding compound) has the same effect as using Silane or Titanate coupling agents to induce stronger bonds between glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins.

A good example of the strength of the physical properties of the molded product is that the fibrous, which has undergone the above-described abrasion process, is stronger in the physical properties of the molded product than the biomass in which the pulverization process is simple. The Korean Society of Wood Engineers pp.19-24, 1999 and "Study on Optimal Pretreatment Conditions for Chaff Board Manufacturing" can be found in Ewha Hyung-Hi and Han-Gi Wood Engineering 28 (3): 9-13, 2000. In the study, the aerated chaff, rather than untreated chaff, showed better quality in the preparation of the chaff-wood mixed board. At this time, the conditions of the crushing treatment were 25kgf / cm2 of crushing pressure and 1 minute of crushing time. The ratio of chaff and wood was 25:75.

The fibrous solid product, which is the product of the above-described explosive process, can be widely used in paper production, nonwoven fabric production, forage production, fabrication of fiber-based structural materials and the like, including the biodegradable thermoplastic matrix compound of the present invention.

In addition, since the steam detonation method requires a high reaction temperature (about 180-230 ° C), even cellulose, which is a target substance, is decomposed into sugars, so that the yield of cellulose is lowered and glucose (70-80%, including xylan) is produced as a by-product. There is a phenomenon. Slurry after fiber extraction, which is a by-product of blast furnace, can be used as a raw material for the production of sweeteners and seasonings such as xylan (xyl) -based chemicals (xylene, xylose, xylitol, xylitol oligomer). have.

A very important reason for pretreatment to biomass, especially water, dissociation or sea islands, is to create crosslinking conditions so that the fibers bind physically and chemically strongly with the binder group. It is intended to induce chemical bonds, ie hydrogen bonds, through condensation reactions with exploded biomass fibers, starch and binder groups.

As a similar example, in the case of FRP resin or SMC resin, a coupling agent such as silane or titaniumate is added to increase the bonding force between the unsaturated polyester resin and glass fiber added. The addition of the coupling agent strongly bonds the surface of the glass with the resin, resulting in a glass fiber reinforced polyester molding with stronger strength. Like coupling in FRP moldings, hydrogen bonding through condensation reaction between glucose strengthens the physical properties of the molding by crosslinking between the components.

In order to bond physically and chemically with other polysaccharide components of the polymer matrix, the biomass that has been exploded by the above-described method is dissociated with water, as shown in the following Chemical Formula 3, in which the cellulose hydroxyl group on the wood surface is It is good to combine what is present. Wood dissociated in water refers to a situation in which pulp is in the form of a colloid in water. However, it is not physically possible that the decomposed biomass is completely dissociated in water like the beaten pulp liquid, so that the surface is immersed in water and used for the use of the present invention.

In this case, when the water is dried again, the hydroxyl group of the cellulose on the surface of the biopath and the hydroxyl group on the fiber, the hydroxyl group on the organic synthetic binder to be described later, and the hydroxyl group molecules on the starch are put out of each other and the formula 4 and Likewise, they cause condensation reactions and are strongly bound to each other in the three hydroxy groups (cellulose, starch and binder).

In this way, the sheets organically bonded to each other are loosened again by the supply of heat or moisture, and can be processed into other forms like thermoplastics at that moment.

In other words, it can be expressed as "having plasticity." This property is unique to the present invention, which is not found in general wood or paper.

The reason why the molded article processed with the exploded biomass compound of the present invention may have limited plasticity is because the binder group includes a thermoplastic (water-soluble) resin, and the starch chain, the organic synthetic binder resin, and the hydrogen bond When moisture is encountered, the bond is loosened. Therefore, when contacted with heat and moisture, it is softened to some extent.

This can be restored to an article having a strong bonding force through reduction or drying at room temperature. This binding force shows a stronger binding force of the polymer matrix than that of the binder group alone. This is one of the features of the present invention and one of the very important functions.

Paper bonded once through the same hydrogen bonding method does not show plasticity by heat or moisture, because it is a bond made of pulp fibers that are not stretchable or elastic at all, and the exploded biomass compound of the present invention Starch and binder groups act as flocculants, showing different physical phenomena than hydrogen bonds in paper. The degree of thermoplasticity in the exploded biomass compound of the present invention is absolutely dependent on the content of starch, synthetic binder and plasticizer.

Purification of wood pretreatment involves the removal of lignin, which can cause changes over time if lignin is present in the compound. In particular, lignin can cause yellowing or unintended chemical, physical and morphological changes in the molding over time after molding. In addition, the pores in the cells of the wood system where the water or the adsorbed water flew after the eggplant and the drying process may hold water or other components contained in the process in the pores, and thus contain substances causing changes over time. Alternatively, even if forced drying may take a lot of time and energy to dry to the interior of the wood, it is desirable to give a surface treatment. Lignin is not used in the present invention, but as described above, since lignin decomposes at the highest temperature, lignin cannot be separated as heat before cellulose or hemicellulose.

By the aeration and pretreatment described above, the economical biomass that has been disposed of can be properly utilized, and the wastes of wood and natural materials used in insignificant places can be used in high value added and meaningful places.

In the present invention, the amount of biomass to be added is 1 to 90% wt of the total solids.

B. Binder Group

In the present invention, the binder plays a very important role of agglomeration of all the composite components included in the polymer matrix compound to have physical strength to maintain the shape of the molding. Another important role of the binder is to exhibit plasticity when subjected to a certain heat so that the compound or primary molding can be molded by reworking to another form.

The binding force of the moldings is basically maintained before the molding by the cohesive force of the binder, and in addition to the cohesive force, the hydrogen bonds of the constituents after drying make the molding of the stronger bond. Starch and the organic synthetic binder are uniformly dispersed in the matrix composition, and it is desirable to mix the composition so that the cohesion force and the hydrogen bonding force can be balanced by the arrangement of the component content.

The above-mentioned "binder" is used by mixing a matrix of an organic synthetic binder which is a main binder and a natural binder which is a subbinder as a "binder group". Here, "binder" means "binder group" unless otherwise specified or explained.

The exploded biomass high content polymer matrix of the present invention exhibits strength and properties by drying water-soluble or water dispersible organic synthetic polymer binders and starch binders dissolved in water. The polymer composition exhibits workability and fluidity by adding an appropriate amount of water to the polymer matrix to form a mixture having properties similar to plastics. Subsequently, the water-soluble binder group induces a synergy effect to combine the compounds to achieve the best strength through the removal of water by evaporation.

The proportion of components of the polymer matrix compound and the addition of water as a solvent and viscosity modifier have a profound effect on the rheology of the matrix, including mixtures formulated to enable shaping, particularly "groups of binders" which dissolve in the presence of water.

The water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer binder groups contemplated by the present invention are classified in the following categories and used in combination as appropriate for the purpose of the molding:

(1) a synthetic resin having a thermoplastic property at a predetermined temperature with a water-soluble and water-dispersible resin;

(2) a natural resin having a thermoplastic property at a predetermined temperature with a water-soluble and water-dispersible resin;

(3) water-soluble and water-dispersible resins having a property of thermosetting (thermal gelation or cineresis curing) at a predetermined temperature;

(4) starch, generally unmodified starch granules;

(5) Other organic thickeners or binders such as polysaccharides, proteins and synthetic organics compatible with starch and cellulose.

The "binder group" combined in this way has a melting point (Softening Point) to the physical properties of the compound, so that thermoplastic is given to have a predetermined temperature characteristic. The property means that the exploded biomass compound of the present invention is molded and cured into an initial molding, and then plasticized by heating like a general plastic and can be molded back into the final molding.

1. Main binder (organic synthetic binder)

The organic binder, which is the main binder used in the present invention, is contained in the compound in much smaller amounts than the crushed biomass and grains, which are the main components of the compound. All water soluble resins having the properties of thermoplastic and cineresis curing can be applied in this application.

Soluble, water-dispersible organic synthetic binders can be used, and examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylmethyl ether, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid salts, polyvinyl acrylic acid, polyvinyl acrylic acid Salts, polyacrylimides, ethylene oxide polymers, polylactic acid, latexes (including various polymerizable materials formed in aqueous emulsions such as styrene-butadiene copolymers) and mixtures or derivatives thereof.

Among the various polymers described above, the present inventors paid particular attention to the biodegradability of various water-soluble synthetic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether, as well as the performance of the polymer in the dry state and the curability of thermoplastic and cineresis when heat is applied. The present invention has been completed by paying attention to the fact that it can be molded into the required shape by showing strong plasticity and cineresis curability when being heated to suit the constituents of the polymer and easily decomposed upon disposal.

a) polyvinyl alcohol

Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer in the form of Formula 1, and is a representative water-soluble polymer product among synthetic polymers. The appearance of polyvinyl alcohol is white to pale yellow powder, melting point is 220 ° C (recently developed to be 144 ° C) and specific gravity is about 1.19 to 1.31. Vinylon Fiber As a product widely used for this and various purposes, the biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol polymer is well known. Polyvinyl alcohol is still being studied in detail in terms of its degradation structure and enzymes in terms of environmental pollution (establishment of wastewater treatment technology).

Polyvinyl alcohol is substantially a form in which vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol are mixed and polymerized as shown in the general formula (1). It is a polymer consisting of a copolymer of a combination thereof. The characteristics change according to their composition ratio and have various safflower values.

Polyvinyl alcohol, like pulp, starch, and depleted biomass, is capable of hydrogen bonding through a cineresis reaction with depleted biomass, starch, and fibers through OH groups contained in a straight chain. When water is removed from the aqueous solution and combined with the components of the matrix, water resistance and physical properties are enhanced. This is also one of the most important phenomena noted by the inventor.

Through this OH group, polyvinyl alcohol is slowly decomposed in the aqueous solution, but the decomposition mechanism is not activated in the air. As evidence of this, vinylon fibers can be used unchanged even if they are made from polyvinyl alcohol by spinning, heat treatment, stretching, or the like. Other industrial materials, especially civil engineering, cement reinforcement, agricultural insulation fibers, etc. are used for a wide range of applications, many years have been used as it is without changing in the air.

However, in addition to general polyvinyl alcohol, even in the case of a polyvinyl alcohol film formed by heat treatment, biodegradation or deterioration occurs due to an enzyme in an aqueous solution. This is known as a decomposition mechanism similar to polyhydrooxybutyrate (PHB). For reference, a 40-micron-thick polyvinyl alcohol film was deteriorated after 21 days in an aqueous solution of Pseudomonas bacteria at 30 ° C., and on day 28 there was no aesthetic change, but the strength dropped to 1/2. .生 分解 性實際 技術, p 70-81 Japan, CMC 2001.

The polyvinyl alcohol has a film formability, transparency, rigidity and surface activity. It is therefore widely used in various fields such as paper, wood, adhesives, emulsions and suspensions. Polyvinyl films in particular have excellent air barrier properties. Fully saponified PVA is very close to its melting point and pyrolysis temperature, so there is no melt forming. Partially saponified PVAs lower than fully saponified PVAs have low thermal stability and are modified and used to have thermoplastics.

Currently polyvinyl alcohol resin is manufactured by molding a film in a molten aqueous solution. However, polyvinyl alcohol has several disadvantages that are difficult to process using thermoplastics. The disadvantage is that the softening point of general polyvinyl alcohol is almost 225 ° C and decomposes at 230 ° C ~ 300 ° C, so that the thermoforming process is difficult at the heating temperature similar to that of the carbohydrate binder of the present invention, and it has the property of absorbing moisture. This results in very poor dimensional stability of the moldings.

The reason why the polyvinyl alcohol resin having poor moldability can be used in the present invention is that it can be used as a functional additive with a small amount of addition, so that the molding process can be performed, and the exploded biomass high content sheet of the present invention is like an engineering plastic. Rather than requiring precise machining and dimensional stability after molding, strong cohesion and biodegradability as a single use are needed.

However, these reasons are not fatal properties not applicable to the present invention. The inventors have therefore searched for a variety of polyvinyl alcohols, thereby obtaining modified water-soluble polyvinyl alcohols having a melting point lowered to 144 ° C., which is a processing temperature which does not result in the decomposition of the exploded biomass compound compounds of the present invention. Could.

The reason why the use of polyvinyl alcohol in the present invention is very important is that the above-mentioned resin is water-soluble and can substitute various functional materials to the hydroxyl group present in the straight chain so that it can be modified into a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having various characteristics and cured. All hydroxyl groups in the CHEN component react with the surrounding components and crosslink through each other through condensation polymerization, so they have very strong bonding strength and hydrophobicity.

Once bonded and free of hydroxyl groups, the molecules in the constructs are characterized by a strong hydrophobic structure that causes the active hydroxyl groups to bind with other components to be lost, thus delaying the time for water or other materials to bind or penetrate. Another very important characteristic of polyvinyl alcohol is that it shows a limited plasticity and flexibility when reaching a predetermined temperature without water, so that the exploded biomass compound of the present invention can be formed by reworking.

Polyvinyl alcohol resin modified for specific use alone was completely dissolved in water and showed a maximum of 22MI (Melt Index, g / 10 min, ASTM D 1238) at 195 ~ 225 ℃ inside the cylinder of the machine. . This suggests that polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used for film forming and lamination processing with a melt index similar to that of a hollow molding of an olefin resin or a casting resin without the addition of moisture.

As described above, the polyvinyl alcohol may be blended as a main binder in the high biomass molded product or sheet of the present invention to obtain a predetermined cohesive force and sufficient molding effect.

With the exploded biomass high content polymer matrix compound of the present invention, in which the blast furnace components are formulated in the form of aqueous and water dispersible slurries, the intermediate moldings are formed, and after the moisture is dried, the moldings can be reworked. . In this case, the molding may show a melt index of 0.1 to 25 when heated during re-extrusion or processing. In addition, depending on the combination and the blending amount of the binder group, it will be possible to initially mold the final molded product.

Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used as a water-soluble adhesive due to its strong viscosity and adhesion. Therefore, the design of the processing process is sometimes difficult due to the phenomenon of sticking to the molding machine when processing a molding with a compound containing polyvinyl alcohol. In this case, it is preferable to mix the binder which has thermogelation (cineresis hardening) characteristic, to harden a surface, and to shape | mold first.

b) cellulose derivatives

Water-soluble cellulose derivatives can be used as the binder in the high exploded biomass content of the present invention. Preferred cellulose derivatives in the present invention are celluloses which are etherified and have thermal gelation properties, ie methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose , Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or mixtures or derivatives thereof. When heated, other cellulose ethers having thermal gelation properties may also be used.

Cellulose ethers are water soluble and soluble in water. Certain cellulose ethers dissolved in water will rise in viscosity and gel with temperature. Certain cellulose ethers have a thermal gel temperature. It is found that when the cellulose ether is heated above the predetermined gelling temperature, the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose ether in the formulation release water (Syneresis phenomenon) and intermolecular bonds to harden. This phenomenon is referred to as "thermal gelation" or "curing by cineresis". This can be called a kind of thermosetting. The starch amylose molecule in starch is similar to the phenomenon and behavior in which water is discarded and condensed. At this time, the matrix brings chemical and structural changes. In other words, the specific cellulose ether is a polymer having a gelling temperature due to the intermolecular syneresis phenomenon and a water-soluble property, which is water-soluble at room temperature and has a property of increasing viscosity and shrinking and hardening at a predetermined temperature.

Preferred cellulose ethers are methylcellulose based, but mixtures of cellulose ethers with various Cynesis hardening temperature characteristics can be used.

Dow Chemical's Methochem catalog shows several cellulose ether products that can be used for food. It is methyl cellulose SG A series 38 ~ 44 ℃, A series 50 ~ 55'C and hydroxyfuromethylmethylcellulose E series 58 ~ 64'C, F series 62 ~ 68'C and K series 70 ~ 90'C. Each has its own Thermal Gel temperature characteristics.

When the cellulose ether is heated to its intrinsic thermal gelation temperature and gelled, the binding and compatibility with starch become high, but the lubricity and barrier property with the outside are increased. This phenomenon is due to the crosslinking by the condensation reaction of cellulose molecules, and by using this property, methylcellulose is coated on the surface of various foods to give a rich feeling to the product, the surface adhesion is lowered, and the preservation is increased by the increase of the surface blocking force. There is a lot of research in the food industry.

It is common knowledge in the art that selecting a suitable cellulose ether having a thermal gelation temperature lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch granules in order to reduce the adhesion between the roller and the sheet during the sheet forming process is a preferred choice of the process design of the present invention. Anyone with a will know.

c) secondary binder

Biodegradable natural polymers that are dissolved or dispersed in water or alcohols may be added to the main binder of the present invention and used auxiliary.

Natural polysaccharide binders that may be used include alginic acid, picocolloids, agar, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, karaya gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum or mixtures or derivatives thereof.

Suitable protein-based binders include zein (prolamin derived from maize corn), collagen (from animal connective tissue and bones), derivatives thereof such as gelatin and glue, casein (main protein of milk), or mixtures thereof Or derivatives can be applied.

In addition, when the above-described natural polymer is used for compounding as a secondary binder, the starch is given a characteristic of delaying the melting time of the starch in water.

d) Function and role of the main binder

One of the greatest features of the present invention is the use of the condensation reactions in the various forms of glucose to induce mutual organic bonding, while in the case of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers, Get the result.

This cineresis phenomenon hardens the surface of the molding through hardening of the surface of the moist compound, thereby reducing the adhesion between the compound surface and the processing machine. In other words, the surface of the compound hardens upon heating of the cast compound, which prevents the starch granules from being gelatinized and dried but adherent compound adheres to the sheet forming roller during the subsequent stages of the sheet forming process. .

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (USA), vol. 80, no. 10, pp, 1825-1834, 6 June 2001 There is a paper on the miscibility between cellulose ether and polyvinyl alcohol. Here are the details of the hydrogen bonds between the two molecules.

At the same time, hydrogen bonding between starch and pulp cellulose is a known fact. Therefore, mutual hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ether, pulp and starch results in block-graft hybrid polymerization. In addition, depleted biomass with activated cellulose molecules on the surface has a synergistic effect.

As a result, unlike the formulated water, which acts as a plasticizer, it induces the binding of the active hydroxyl period in the polysaccharide molecule branches having hydroxyl groups in the composition of the present invention, including pulp fibers, as well as polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and depleted biomass. By condensation reactions, they are extruded to the outside to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic block-grafted hybrid polymer.

In other words, the functions and roles of the binders, namely, "binder", "subbinder", "secondary binder", and "binder group" include polyvinyl alcohol, starch, depleted biomass, and pulp fibers. In the composition of the present invention, the active hydroxyl period in the polysaccharide having a hydroxyl group is induced to condense the thermoplastic block-grafted hybrid polymer of biodegradable natural material.

Molding in this way resulted in a higher quality sheet with greater elasticity, tensile strength and hydrophobicity.

2. Bubinder

a. summary

The term "grain" as used herein refers to one of the sources of raw carbohydrates, in particular starch. Grain is a carbohydrate contained within it, which acts as a binder to strongly agglomerate the complex in the interior of the degraded biomass high content biodegradable polymer matrix of the present invention, as well as a good filler as the volume of the administered grain. At the same time, it contributes to strengthening the cohesion of the compound by providing the fiber from the skin of the grain.

Grain flour, in particular, starch contained in the grain flour, like the above-mentioned organic synthetic binder, is to be subjected to the re-molding by showing a limited plasticity of a certain portion when subjected to a predetermined heat.

As a natural binder of the present invention, the cohesive force of starch is used. The starch may be supplied from grains obtained by directly crushing grains or may use pure starch. The direct grinding of grains for use in blending attempts to secure cost competitiveness, but it is also preferable to use pure starch selected depending on the use of the moldings and the required physical properties.

Examples of representative grains that can be used in the present invention include rice, glutinous rice, barley, wheat, corn, waxy corn, sorghum, crude, oats, etc. For convenience, documents such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, tapioca, and plants containing various starches are also included in the meaning of grain. This is because all of the crops described above are sources of raw starch that are intended to be used in the present invention.

In the present invention, the grain is another feature that can be used directly by crushing except the foreign matter in the stored state.

However, in the case of grains containing no useful value or impairing the performance of the present invention, for example, protein, lignin, milk fat, embryos, etc., if necessary depending on the use, separation, selection, modification, denaturation or It can also be used as a pretreatment.

The amount of starch contained in the grain, especially the ratio of amylose and amylopactin, the content of fiber, moisture, and unnecessary matters, is accurately pre-weighed and adjusted with the moisture of the desired formulation to be combined with other mixtures so as to be properly blended. do. The glass transition temperature and gelatinization temperature of the starch before compounding and before the sheeting process are accurately measured and applied to the process.

Grains are naturally cheaper than processed starch, and are superior to pure starch in terms of their performance and overall synergies.

Starch in the present invention is supplied as a carbohydrate contained in the grain. In the present invention, the grain meal contains fiber, but at the same time, the starch contained in the grain meal also falls into the category of binder groups. Thus, starch serves both as the binder and the filler of the compound in the present invention. Although only the water-soluble organic synthetic binder that is the main binder can be used when forming the composite-filled sheet, the cost of using only the primary binder as the binder group is much higher than when the binder is mixed and used as the binder group. Therefore, it is economically reasonable to mix and use a small amount of organic synthetic binder with starch.

The compound of the present invention expresses the strength required by the curing of the organic synthetic binder through the removal of water by evaporation, the curing of the gelatinized starch and the crosslinking of the cellulose and starch on the surface of the aerated biomass.

Starch is a natural carbohydrate chain that contains polymerized glucose molecules found in granular form. Starch granules contain two different types of glucose units: single chain amylose without side chains and multichain amylopectin side chains. Two different glucoses show different physical properties.

The role of the binder of carbohydrates, fibres, etc., in particular starch, in grains is mentioned later.

b. Pretreatment of grain

There are many reasons for pretreatment of grain. The first priority for pretreatment is grinding. The grain should be able to be ground to a uniform size and uniformly mixed with the various additives in the compound.

Pretreatment is to obtain sufficient physical properties required from the moldings for the grains to be mixed with other ingredients and used in real life. In particular, the molding should have strength to maintain its initial shape until use, and impart hydrophobicity to the molding, in particular, starch components, so that the rapid deterioration of physical properties caused by melting of the components of the molding even after contact with water during use In order to avoid or to ensure sufficient physical properties expected in the formulation.

Further treatment is performed by physically coating and chemically treating the starch using the polymer properties of the starch contained in the grains, for example, impart hydrophobicity, fluidity, discoloration and dyeing, and change in gel strength. Give special properties. In other words, it can be called starch degeneration.

Starch modification includes water-resistant starch, acid-processed starch, oxidized starch and induction starch, depending on the processing method.

-Mixing the water repellent with the grain, making the grain flour with a strong water repellency,

-Alpha starch obtained by pre-gelatinizing the starch ingredient before blending and rapidly dehydrating it,

-Degradation products by heat, acids, enzymes,

Starch derivatives having various functional groups attached to the chains of starch, such as esterification and etherification,

-Impart hydrophobicity by substituting the hydroxyl groups of the starch molecules, etc.

There are several known pretreatment methods, which are commercially available and widely used.

c. Combined function of grain meal

Starch and cellulose have a structure starting from the molecular unit of the polysaccharide represented by the following formula (2). When the structure of the polysaccharide is represented by the formula (2), R ₁ , R ₂ and R _{3 are} basically hydroxyl groups, but when modified, they may be substituted with the same or unequal substances or with hydroxyl or molecules of other components in different formulations. It may be combined.

Unlike starch, which has a similar chemical structure, cellulose has an organic polymer characteristic that is very different from starch in hydrophilicity and solubility in water. It is due to the difference in the binding method between linear ① and ④ in the arrangement of the linkages between polysaccharide molecules. Starch, in contrast, shows very fast biodegradability and water solubility compared to cellulose. Therefore, it is necessary to change the properties of the starch so that the deformation and decomposition of the form can be delayed even when water comes into contact with the molding.

As mentioned above, starch is a denatured method known and commercialized depending on the application.

In order to impart hydrophobicity to the starch of the above structure, the starch (actually grain) may be pretreated. As described in the preceding paragraph "b. Pretreatment of grain", there are several ways to pretreat (denature) the starch. It is to replace the three hydroxyl groups represented by the R with other polyhydric alcohol materials such as acetic acid group, nitric acid group or coating the surface of the starch.

Interfacial properties of starch and cellulose;

The surface of pulp or detonated biomass, ie cellulose, is negative. When cationic starch is used in which hydroxy groups in starch molecules are replaced with tetravalent amine organic compounds, they have strong affinity with relatively negative cellulose fibres and additives. Improve the physical strength of the In this case, the substituent which Ether bonds to the hydroxyl group of starch is tetravalent amine. In this way, three-dimensional stable bonds can be induced.

This property is now widely used in the manufacture of paper, especially in the process of strengthening the bond between starch and pulp and sizing the pulp.

Gelatinization of starch;

Generally, starch granules are insoluble in cold water, but the outer membrane of the granules is destroyed by polishing and the like, and the starch in the cold water swells to form a gel. The exact temperature at which the starch binder swells and gelatinizes depends on the type of starch. Gelatinization is the result of swelling due to the decomposition of linear amylose polymer granules that were initially compressed into granules. Starch causes many changes in the process of raising the temperature to 100 ° C with sufficient water and suspension. When the unmodified granules are exposed to hot water, the granules swell and soluble starch (amylose) diffuses through the granule walls to form a paste. In hot water the granules swell to the extent that the granules burst and result in gelatinization of the mixture.

Initially, it swells slowly, but when a certain temperature is reached, a faster irreversible swelling occurs, which greatly increases the viscosity of the starch solution. This is accompanied by disruption of the starch internal molecular sequence, which is accompanied by loss of starch crystallinity, enzymatic hydrolysis susceptibility, and change in solubility of starch.

Various natural starches have a wide variety of gelatinization temperatures. For example, potato starch has a gelatinization temperature of about 59-68 ° C., corn starch has a gelatinization temperature of about 62-95 ° C. and waxy corn has a gelatinization temperature of about 63-72 ° C. All starches supplied from all grains and documents can be used in the present invention. This temperature is the temperature at which irreversible swelling of starch granules is initiated. Swelling increases with increasing temperature. Starch viscosity also increases with swelling and rupture of starch granules and the degree of exposure of internal substances.

In terms of the processing process, starch gelatinization temperature is one of the very important characteristics that require strict control in the binder molding process. Gelatinization temperature means that the starch granules are more solubilized and more sensitive to enzymatic action, which is an important characteristic in the molding step of the present invention. In particular, the gelatinization temperature is closely used to apply the temperature using the cohesive force of starch as a binder in the process. The difference between cohesion before gelatinization and coagulation after gelatinization and cohesion after drying, in particular viscoelasticity, should be well understood and used in the molding process of the present invention. Failure to do so may lead to various unexpected variations, such as shape stability, dimensional stability, and foaming ratio.

Gelatinized starch may also be used in the composition of the exploded biomass high content of biodegradable polymer matrix compounds. In this case, however, the inclination to bond with the molding machine is strong during the process, so the process design should be prepared in preparation for it.

Unmodified starch based binders are preferred over modified starch based binders because of their low cost. In particular, unmodified starch is not gelatinized until the moment it is heated to gelatinization temperature.

Pure starch compositions can absorb ambient water vapor in the air so that at atmospheric equilibrium, water is present in an amount of 10-12% by weight of the composition weight. At equilibrium water is present in an amount of 3-6% of the total composition because there is less starch in the composition when the additive is included in the starch composition.

d. Grinding and Size of Grains

Grinding of grains; The above-mentioned grains should be pulverized sufficiently and used to an appropriate size for each use. The crushing of the grains is performed by a known method so that both the skin and the contents are uniformly crushed. The temperature during the grinding of grains should not be raised so that the starch contained in the grains is not gelatinized. When the grain is crushed, when the temperature rises due to the frictional heat of the grain, the grain may become luxurious with that heat.

The grain size of the grains is pulverized to 50 mesh or more, preferably 100 mesh or more, mixed so as to be mixed well with other ingredients, and used directly as a compound component.

e. Grain content

The concentration of the natural binder through the grains in the exploded biomass compound of the present invention is from 5 to 90%, in particular from 20 to 80%, even more from 30 to 70% of the total weight of the binder group.

f. Physical properties as molding

The exploded biomass high content polymer matrix of the present invention with the addition of grain meal, fiber, starch and binder groups may have a tensile strength of 40-50 MPa when forming a solid material. The sheet of the present invention reinforced with fiber may have a tensile strength of up to 100 MPa depending on the type and concentration of starch, fiber and binder in the sheet.

In the various ways described above, starch is not used in the present technology to provide perfect hydrophobicity and perfect polymer bonding with other components. However, it is possible to prevent the penetration of water for a long time and maintain the proper binding force for use, so that it is not a big problem for use as a disposable product.

3. Function supplement for binder

In the exploded biomass high content matrix compound of the present invention, an additional organic binder may be used as an auxiliary even if a water-soluble synthetic resin starch binder is preferred and used as a base.

Mixtures of cellulose ethers with various properties and heat deformation properties can be used as auxiliary. It is preferable that cellulose ether resin can be used as an auxiliary binder when polyvinyl alcohol is used as the primary binder, and polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used as the secondary binder when the cellulose resin is the primary binder. Cellulose ethers are soluble in water. Suitable cellulose ethers include methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose and mixtures and derivatives thereof.

As a preferred secondary binder the cellulose ether is methylcellulose. Most methylcellulose ethers have a curing temperature of about 70-85 ° C. Other cellulose ethers with thermogelled curing properties may also be used as auxiliary.

The compound is a secondary binder as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylmethyl ether, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid salt, polyvinylacrylic acid, polyvinylacrylic acid salt, polyacrylimide, polylactic acid, ethylene oxide polymer Synthetic binders selected from, latex or mixtures or derivatives thereof may be used as auxiliary.

Polysaccharides selected from alginic acid, picocolloids, agar, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, or mixtures or derivatives thereof may be used adjuvant.

Natural proteins selected from prolamin, collagen, gelatin, glue, casein or mixtures or derivatives thereof may be used as auxiliary.

One of ordinary skill in the art would know how to select cellulose ethers having a cineresis curing temperature lower than the gelatinization temperature of starch granules to reduce adhesion between the roller and the sheet during the sheet forming process. .

4. Function and role of binder group during compound hardening reaction

Although organic synthetic binders (including cellulosic resins) provide optimal performance when manufacturing sheets using extrusion and roller processes, organic synthetic binders have the disadvantage that they are very expensive compared to other components used for sheet production. .

Starch is a good binder and cheaper than an organic synthetic binder, but has a disadvantage in that when used as a binder in a sheet forming process, the adhesiveness is large, and thus the sheet is adhered to a roller due to its adhesiveness, making the sheet mass production difficult.

The present invention uses starch contained in grain meal as a source of binder in place of a large amount of organic synthetic binder. The combination of small amounts of organic binders and large amounts of grain binders compensates for the disadvantages of using them individually. It also significantly reduces sheet manufacturing costs while preventing starch from adhering to the rollers during the molding process. In addition, the inclusion of large amounts of grains is stronger and less brittle than sheets containing large amounts of organic synthetic binders.

Therefore, when a specific organic synthetic binder is used, it acts as a coating film forming binder in the formed sheet. When the starch inside the sheet is gelatinized and subsequently dried through the removal of water by evaporation, it becomes a main binder that combines the other solid components in the structure of the matrix of the sheet.

The depleted biomass and grains are also fibrous on their own, which can give the moldings additional morphological stability. In addition, biomass or grain meals are less expensive than processed starch and are excellent natural binders, which can produce quite high quality sheets at a much lower cost than sheets using organic synthetic binders alone.

Therefore, the method for forming a composition used to form a high-molded biomass molded article or sheet of the present invention has a high shear of water, fibers and binders to homogeneously disperse the degraded biomass and fibers to form a mixture. Shear) mixing using a mixing method. The unmodified starch granules, additives and other auxiliary additives contained in the grain meal are then mixed to form a compound. The fibers in the dry sheet are homogeneously dispersed as a reinforcement in the overall matrix. At this time, additional water may be added to adjust the viscosity.

If it is not a process of casting on a coating film supplied through a conveyor, a sheet is formed through a forming roller. In this case, the sheet formed of compound in the sheet forming process passes between the heated sets of rollers. Starch granules are protected by an organic synthetic binder coating that hardens on the surface of the sheet to prevent starch from adhering to the rollers when the starch granules gelatinize.

Preferred starch-based binders in this process are non-modified starches which are gelatinized at temperatures higher than the Cinderesis curing temperature of the organic synthetic binder so as to form an organic synthetic binder surface on the sheet surface prior to gelatinization of the starch.

5. Chemical bonding between biomass, pulp cellulose, provider groups and components

The binder achieves its role and purpose by embodying the strength between the components. After molding to the desired shape, it is better to maintain a stronger shape.

In the present invention, the use of a mixture of the exploded biomass and grains is an important reason that is very different from mixing the same volume of the inorganic additives in the mixture using only the organic synthetic binder to form a matrix. One of the important reasons is explained with the following chemical formula.

In Formula 3a, two hydrated glucose molecules are shown in the loose form of the HO and H molecules contained in the binding structure, which dehydrate and condense and discharge water (H ₂ O) as in 3b. Strong recombination in the form of a single ring of oxygen. When starch is coated on paper, some of the OH groups present on the surface of the depleted biomass are dehydrated together with starch monomers, pulp fibers, and organic synthetic binders. Condensation reaction at, showing very strong physical and chemical bonds.

The characteristics of the "dehydration bridge" phenomenon through this condensation reaction are that the same volume of inorganic additives were added to the mixture to occupy only the volume without crosslinking between the binders, and that the decomposed biomass and starch were graft polymerized through organic crosslinking. The same shows a very significant difference in physical strength properties in the finished molding.

Although described above and described below, the bursting strength of a paper due to dissociated pulp and starch hydrogen bonds, and the crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers, ie the reactions of formulas 3 and 4, are well known. will be.

The inventors of the present invention have characterized the high-strength biomass polymer matrix compound of the present invention as a very characteristic polymer of condensation polymerization between natural products as a block-grafted thermoplastic hybrid polymer of exploded biomass / pulp / starch / binder. I understand.

C. Fiber

In the high-molded biomass molded product of the present invention, the fiber is included in the components of the degraded biomass and also supplied in the components of the grains. Nevertheless, various types of fibers can be used in the present invention to yield better results. "Fiber" refers to a variety of "fibers". "Fiber", "fiber" and "fibrous material" mean both inorganic fibers and organic fibers. Fibers are added to the compound to increase stretch, ductility, bendability, cohesiveness, stretchability, refraction, stretchability, burst energy, flexural and tensile strength.

Fibers that may be included in the matrix of sheets or shaped articles include naturally occurring organic fibers such as cellulose fibers extracted from pulp, hemp, cotton, plant leaves, wood or stems. Abundant fiber harvested from agriculture and forestry industries can be utilized in the present invention.

In some cases, it may be replaced by "regenerated fiber". Regenerated fibers include high paper, recycled paper, recycled pulp, recycled fibers, viscose fibers, "twisted fibers" and the like.

Among the constituents of the plant, in particular, the cellulose is inherently present as a fibrous resin, and three OH groups are attached to the resin molecule to make both the semihydrophilic and the semihydrophobic. Cellulose, in particular pulp fibers, expands in water and uses the expanded time to form and remove moisture to make paper and the like. When the expanded cellulose fibers are dried, the water is discarded and the OH groups between the cellulose fibers are discarded through condensation reaction and then strongly bonded to each other.

The binding mechanism of the exploded biomass polymer matrix moldings or sheets of the present invention is a combination of the cellulose contained in the exploded biomass and the composite components of binder groups, fibers and other mixtures, as well as hydrogen starches of starch. This is working. Fibers, however, act primarily as components to enhance cohesion, tensile strength and elasticity, but are not strongly connected to each other to the extent that they rely solely on hydrogen bonds as in conventional paper.

The physical and chemical bonding strengths described above, for example, the cohesive force of the organic synthetic binder and starch, the physical cohesion force and viscoelasticity between viscoelasticity between the cellulose, starch, binder and pulp fibers contained in the degraded biomass, and the like, Sheets molded from the exploded biomass high content polymer matrix compounds exhibit strength and physical properties that are comparable to polymers produced by conventional petrochemicals.

Processed "twisted fibers" for use in the high-strength biomass sheet of the present invention in particular applications, in particular for applications requiring thick and strong materials, for example as a substitute for packaging boxes, corrugated cardboard or fiber drums, etc. It is available. Processed "twisted fibers" are twisted strings of manila hemp, strands of straw, and slits that have been shredded in the machine direction for greater strength. It is a string of Korean paper that has been cut and twisted into long and thin paper, a string that has been cut into thin lengths of film, a thread that has twisted fibers, and waste fiber yarn. This is similar to a twisted ribbon. The processed twisted fibrous material can provide more form stability and three-dimensional strength to sheets such as kraft paper, plastic film, synthetic fiber, recycled paper, old paper, newspaper, recycled fiber, glass fiber, animal fiber, and metal fiber. Any may be sufficient.

Fibrous also, like the exploded biomass and starch, dry together the three hydroxyl groups in the glucose molecule, and at the same time, as shown in Formula 4, the exploded biomass and the glucose molecules of the starch are mixed together and the polymer chain is crosslinked. It makes up a stronger polymer matrix compound.

In light of the three-dimensional structure of the polymer matrix, the fibers are dispersed in the starch biomass and starch, and are strongly intertwined by hydrogen bonding, and the organic synthetic binder is agglomerated therebetween to form a solid three-dimensional structure.

It can be inferred by looking at the enlarged picture of the foam sheet shown in FIG.

The amount of auxiliary fiber added to the exploded biomass compound of the present invention depends on the properties of the final molding, such as tensile strength, stretch, and stretch required in the molding, and the cost determines the amount of fiber to be added to the mixture. It becomes a standard to say. The concentration of the fibers in the sheet of the invention is therefore 0.1 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight of the total solids.

D. Functional Additives

Various functional additives and fillers can be used to complement the performance required for the sheets of the exploded biomass high content matrix compounds of the present invention. As described above, the required performance may be various, such as a hydrophobic (or water resistant) imparting agent, a flexibility supplement, an elasticity enhancing agent, a surface area expander, and a filler.

The filler used in the present invention may be one of additives, and the same additive may be used interchangeably to mean a filler having two functions or merely a filling function.

1. Plasticizer

In the exploded biomass high content matrix compound of the invention, water is a particularly good plasticizer, especially in formulated water. Various plasticizers in addition to the blended water may be added to the compound to give the final sheet and the necessary flexibility to the article of manufacture. Flexibility plays a very important role in showing elasticity without changing shape or shattering by external forces imparted during the use of the exploded biomass sheet or molding of the present invention.

Plasticity, ie elasticity such as elasticity and flexibility obtained by softening, can be increased by adding plasticizers to the matrix. The plasticizer is preferably a material that can be dispersed by a group of binders to soften the formed sheet or the matrix of the molding. These plasticizers, which also act as lubricants, have a boiling point high enough to not evaporate from the matrix during the molding process and remain uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix even after the molding or sheet is formed. Preferred plasticizers are of the kind that remain in the formed sheets and articles of manufacture without evaporation during the forming process to soften the matrix.

Suitable plasticizers used in the present invention function as plasticizers with formulated water, including polyethyleneglycol (molecular weight less than 600), glycerin, sorbitol, fumaric acid ester, soybean oil.

Glycerin, which is partially removed along with water during the water removal process, is applied to the sheet as the next sheet forming process, giving the sheet increased elasticity and acting as a wetting agent. Glycerin treatment imparts elasticity to the sheet and stabilizes it even when subjected to a predetermined impact or deformation.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (USA), vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 1825-1834, 6 June 2001, there is a paper on the miscibility between cellulose ether and polyvinyl alcohol. Here are the details of the hydrogen bonds between the two molecules. At the same time, hydrogen bonding between starch and pulp cellulose is a known fact. Here, the cellulose molecules of the depleted biomass activated by the hydroxyl groups on the surface show a more synergistic effect. Hence, mutual hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ether, pulp and starch results in block-graft hybridization.

As a result, unlike the formulated water, which acts as a plasticizer, it induces the binding of the active hydroxyl period in the polysaccharide molecule branches having hydroxyl groups in the composition of the present invention, including pulp fibers, as well as polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and depleted biomass. By condensation reactions, they are extruded to the outside to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic block-grafted hybrid polymer.

2. Foaming agent (formation of voids or pores)

In moldings, incorporating small voids in the sheet in addition to lightweight fillers in order to increase the thermal insulation of the molding when more thermal insulation is needed than strength, elasticity or flexibility (i.e. it is required to insulate hot or cold materials). It may be desirable. The inclusion of voids should be carefully controlled to give the necessary thermal and lightweight properties without significant degradation of sheet strength. Where insulation is not important, it is desirable to minimize voids in order to maximize strength and minimize volume.

The voids may be injected with air by shearing at high speed when the compound is mixed. The blowing agent added to the mixture contributes to the formation and retention of voids.

The exploded biomass compound of the present invention is capable of controlling the foaming rate through a high shear compounder, a foaming method of adding a high pressure gas, or a foaming method using a chemical foaming agent such as calcium carbonate, and a suitable tensile strength. It is easy to secure the physical properties of the mold and thus can be molded and manufactured. Chemical foaming agents for plastics that can be easily obtained and used on the market and their chemical reaction temperatures are as follows.

Azodicarbonamide 205-215 'C,

4,4'-Oxybis (benzenesulfohydrazide) 150-160 'C,

Diphenylsulfon-3,3-disulfohydrazide 155 'C,

Trihydrazinotriazine 275 'C,

p-Toluenesulfonylsemicarbazide 228-235 'C,

5-phenyltetrazole 240-250 'C,

lsatoic Anhydride 210 ~ 225 'C

And the like can be used at the temperatures described above. It is also possible to use a mixture of resin particles containing foaming gas, which can be easily obtained from a foamed polystyrene resin maker or commercially available.

Another blowing agent that may be used is a mixture of citric acid and bicarbonate or bicarbonate processed into small particles and coated with wax, starch or an aqueous coating. They can be used to form voids in two ways. That way;

(1) react with water and form a CO 2 gas to create a cellular structure in the matrix, or

(2) Filling the particles as part of the matrix and heating the molding to 180 ° C. or higher after the matrix hardening reacts the foamed particles (causing endothermic decomposition of the particles), leaving a well-controlled, cell-shaped lightweight structure.

As another simple blowing agent, a powder of calcium carbonate can be used. The liquid present in the compound penetrates into the pores of the calcium carbonate particles, and the latent heat of evaporation due to the heated heat and the evaporation pressure of the water are in equilibrium, and the foaming agent can evaporate due to thermal expansion of the blowing agent when the pressure suddenly decreases. To be.

The voids can be introduced into the compound by adding a blowing agent to the matrix that expands when heat is applied to the matrix during the molding process. They mix homogeneously in the compound and remain under pressure while heating to achieve uniform foaming.

While forming the sheet with the compound, it is desirable to compress the compound with a heated roller to remove water from the compound. If the surface of the sheet is not compressed, there may be voids or weak spots on the surface, and it is necessary to increase the density of the surface to form a stronger skin than the inside.

3. Inorganic filler

Inorganic materials commonly used in the paper industry, paint and coatings industries can be used to make the exploded biomass high content compounds of the present invention. The average diameter of the inorganic additive particles used in the papermaking industry is less than 2 microns, but the average diameter of the particles used in the present invention may be 100 microns or more, depending on the wall thickness of the sheet, so it is generally cheap and has a lower specific surface area. Inorganic fillers used in the paper industry generally have a more uniform size than the additives used in the present invention.

In order to increase the natural particle packing density of the additive in the mixture, it is preferable to use a range of additive particle sizes in the present invention. The use of larger and varying sized particles can further reduce the cost of the inorganic additive component compared to the inorganic additives used in the paper industry.

A wide range of particle size tolerances allows a much wider variety of additives or fillers to be used in the present invention than pulp species manufacture. Thus, the additives included in the exploded biomass high content polymer matrix of the present invention may be selected to impart even more varied properties to the final product sheet or molding. Compared to paper, much more functional additives or fillers can be included in the materials of the present invention, because the binders aggregate the sheets more strongly than the hydrogen bonds in web physics.

Various functional additives with different properties can impart their own properties to the sheet and can be appropriately selected. For example, kaolin provides a smoother and less pore finish and materials such as clay provide a smooth surface. Large particle fillers such as calcium carbonate produce a matte surface. Preferred fillers in the present invention are calcium carbonate. Dry pulverized calcium carbonate is preferred because calcium carbonate obtained through wet grinding can be obtained at a third cost. Preferred calcium carbonates are those having a particle size of 10 to 150 microns and an average particle size of about 50 microns.

Clays and gypsum are particularly useful fillers because they are easy to purchase, inexpensive, workable and easy to form, as well as providing bonding, cohesive and strength.

Due to the nature of the compound and the sheet produced, it is possible to include a lightweight filler having a porosity, thereby imparting a thermal insulation effect beyond that of the foamed molded sheet. Fillers that can further impart light weight and thermal insulation to the sheet include pearlite, vermiculite, hollow glass beads, cork and clay.

Another class of fillers that may be added to the compound include inorganic gels such as silica gels, calcium silicate gels, aluminum silicate gels and microgels. Since gels and microgels absorb water, they can be added to reduce the water content of the compound, thereby increasing the cohesion of the mixture. Controlling the moisture content of the sheet allows more careful control of the stretch, elasticity, bendability, foldability, elasticity and stretchability of the sheet.

It is desirable to include fillers of various sizes and grades that can fill in the gaps between the components in the compound. Optimizing the density of the particles reduces the amount of water needed for the proper level of processing by eliminating gap spaces filled with water ("capillary water").

In view of the above, the amount of inorganic filler added to the exploded biomass compound of the present invention depends on various factors including the use of the molding, the density of the particles of the inorganic filler as well as the type and amount of other added ingredients. Depends The concentration of inorganic filler in the sheet of the invention is therefore 10 to 90% by weight, in particular 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 30 to 50% by weight of the total solids.

4. Dispersant

The term "dispersant" is a substance that can be added to reduce the homogeneous dispersion of the matrix and the viscosity and bearing capacity. Dispersants reduce the viscosity of the mixture by dispersing the constituent, i.e., inorganic filler particles or fibers. This allows for less water to be used while maintaining adequate levels of workability. However, the dispersant acts opposite to the group of binders that bind the solid components in the liquid phase, and has a characteristic of weakening the binding force of the binder in the solid phase.

Dispersants act by adsorption on the surface of the constituent particles or near the colloidal bilayer of the particles. This creates negative charges on the particle surface and causes them to repel each other, thus preventing the particles from agglomerating. Repulsion of particles "lubricates" by reducing the attractive forces or frictional forces that cause the particles to have greater interaction. This slightly increases the density of the material, allowing for a smooth enough operation with the addition of less water while maintaining the workability of the compound.

The dispersant is preferably added and kneaded before adding the binder group and water.

The maximum amount of water in the compound of the amount of dispersant added is 5%, in particular 0.1-4%, even 0.5-2%.

5. Water repellent

Water Repellent is a concept that distinguishes it from hydrophobicity. The addition of water repellent materials to raw materials has been widely used, particularly in the fields of woven fibers, paper and pulp molds. Currently widely used water-repellent materials include fluorine resins and silicone products. For example, Rodin, the multinational company Ciba Specialtyty Chemical, Fluorad from 3M, silicone oils from Dow-Corning, and the like.

In order to obtain a water repellent effect, the process to be applied is very simple because it is simply added. However, deterioration of physical properties such as binder binding force and high price due to high amount of addition is one of the problems to be overcome.

6. Color Adjuster

Dyestuffs or pigments may be used to sphere the desired color in the finished molding. Coloring with conventionally known dyes or white pigments may be used. Preferred white pigments include calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, talc and the like.

E. water

Water is added to the compound to dissolve or at least disperse the components in the mixture, in particular the binder. Including such functions. The water to be added is also referred to as "mixed water" to form differently from the water contained in the components. In addition, water helps to uniformly disperse other solid components such as fibers and additives throughout the mixture. Such water plays a very important role in producing compounds having the necessary rheological properties, including viscosity and cohesion.

In addition, one of the important roles of water is, as shown in the above formula (3), the molecule of OH + H between the two glucose, the water formed by the effect of the physical energy supply, such as heating and fall off from the glucose molecule (4) It binds two glucose molecules together and provides a cross-linking environment that causes condensation reactions to evaporate.

Important components of the high biocompounds of the exploded biomass of the present invention, namely the exploded biomass, fiber and grain (starch), are all modified substances based on glucose molecules. The condensation reaction between these glucose molecules is a very important reaction of the dehydration to be induced in the present invention.

In order to provide proper workability of the compound, water must be contained in an amount sufficient to wet the component particles, fibers or other solid particles to dissolve or at least disperse the binder and fill the voids between the particles. When dispersants or lubricants are added, proper workability can be maintained even if less water is initially used.

The amount of water added to the compound should be adjusted to ensure that the mixture has sufficient workability, but it should be recognized that lowering the initial water content also reduces the amount of water that must be removed to form the cured sheet.

Moisture can also be supplied from grains fed directly. In particular, unprocessed potatoes and sweet potatoes contain large amounts of water.

In some cases it may be desirable to initially include a relatively large amount of water, since excess water may be removed by evaporation. Nevertheless, one of the important features of the present invention where pulp species are compared to the production is the fact that the initial water content in the compound is much less than the amount of water found in the fiber slurry used for the manufacture of pulp species. This results in a mixture with greater bearing capacity and stability compared to paper slurry. The total amount of water that must be removed from the compound to obtain a material that is self-cohesive (ie, form stable material) is much smaller in the case of the compound of the present invention compared to the slurry in which pulp species are used to make it. In addition, the intermediate sheets of the present invention have much greater internal cohesion compared to wet pulp slurries.

The amount of water to be added to the mixture depends on the amount of starch or other water absorbent components, fibers, additives and the particle packing density of the additives. The amount of water also depends on the rheology of the compound.

In most cases, it is desirable to include the minimum amount of water needed to give the compound the required level of workability to reduce the water to be removed from the processed sheet. Reducing the amount of water to be removed reduces the manufacturing cost since energy is required to remove the water by evaporation.

Although the voids were addressed in the previous blowing agent, water is also one of the important blowing agents in the present invention. In other words, the relationship between water and voids is related to the expansion ratio. In blending, the exploded biomass, binder group, fibers, functional additives and water are uniformly dispersed. A constant amount of air may also be included due to the shear force rotating at high speed during the compounding process.

This sheet, which contains air, is heated and its heat increases the pressure of the water vapor contained in the formulation and the water is evaporated. As the water evaporates, the space occupied by the water becomes empty. Therefore, the sheet of the present invention will have pores uniformly distributed in the sheet as the water is dried.

By the above-described process, it is possible to control the expansion ratio by controlling the content of water. It is one of the very important features of the present invention that by controlling the amount of water occupied in the total compounding amount without using a separate blowing agent, it is possible to adjust the magnification ratio and the expansion ratio of the pores of the sheet to be molded.

Therefore, in the present invention, the role of water serves as a plasticizer, a crosslinking aid through a condensation polymerization reaction, a blowing agent by drying, a viscosity modifier of the formulation and an adhesive that gives a basic binding force to the composite component.

The amount of water added to form the exploded biomass compound of the present invention will vary depending on the drying method and process, but when the foaming ratio is low, 5 to 80% by weight of the compound, in particular 10 to 70% by weight, even 20 to 20% 50% by weight is preferred. Rather than requiring the strength of the moldings, it is also possible to add up to about 10 times the total solids of the slurry in order to increase the expansion ratio. Those skilled in the art will be able to control the amount of compounding water desired to achieve the appropriate strength and proper workability required for the moldings in a given manufacturing process.

II. Manufacture of Compound

The term “slurry”, “polymer matrix”, “compound”, “moldable composition” or “exploded biomass high content biodegradable polymer” has an interchangeable meaning and can be molded into any form Exploded biomass fill mixture. It is characterized by having water as a solvent and plasticizer to form a significant amount of exploded biomass and grain meal, small amounts of natural or organic synthetic binders, various amounts of fiber and functional additives, plastic-like mixtures. The term "total solids" includes all solids, whether suspended or dissolved in the mixture.

The compound may include other admixtures such as plasticizers, lubricants, dispersants, hydrocurables, and blowing agents that are functional additives.

The matrix containing water is characterized by having a relatively high internal bearing capacity, which is stable even after drying, and is stabilized after being formed into a desired shape by applying heat. "Polymer matrix", "compound", "highly degraded biomass polymer mixture" or "slurry" refers to compounds regardless of the degree of drying. The exploded biomass high content compounds of the present invention are hydrogenated or thermoplastic And a polymer matrix in the form of a partially dried slurry and a fully dried compound (although a certain amount of water remains in the sheet as bound water in the binder group).

A polymer matrix in the form of a moisture-rich slurry is formed into a sheet and heated to cure the binder and to serve as a functional additive, and the sheet or article formed after at least partially drying is a "exploded biomass high content matrix. Will have.

Appropriate compound formulations can be used to properly mix, extrude, and mold the compounds, streamlining the process and minimizing the adjustment of various components in the system.

A. Composition of Compound Compound

The first step in processing the components of the matrix into the compound is the formation of a compound in which the molding has the required workability and self-aggregation as well as strength, stretch, stretch and degradability. Properties considered to be desirable for a compound are the same properties that are accurately reproduced by proper workability, plastic-like properties, self-aggregation forces for extrusion, rolling or molding processes and by temperature, moisture content and compounding ratio.

The amount of water, binder, and dispersant influences the workability and extrudability of the mixture, as well as other fillers and components in the mixture, such as fibers, plasticizers, and glass balloons. However, no single component is completely dependent on the rheology and other properties of the compound. Rather, each component constitutes a blending ratio to synergize together in a correlated manner.

Even with similar matrices, a low moisture content will result in a viscous dough, and a high water content will result in a slurry.

B. Effect of Components on the Matrix Process

The amount of water to be added in order to obtain a mixture having proper workability and fluidity in the matrix forming process depends on the concentration of the additive, the density of the particles, the fiber, the type of binder and the amount of addition. In general, however, the more water is added, the lower the viscosity and bearing capacity of the mixture, which increases the fluidity of the mixture and reduces the shape stability of the molding. In particular, the energy consumption required for a heating means is large.

The binder can greatly influence the rheology of the mixture depending on the degree, type, and concentration of the binder in the mixture. The binder used in the present invention is generally dissolved in water or at least well dispersed. The starch granules supplied from the directly ground grain meal remain ungelatinized in the watered mixture until they are molded.

The binder used in the present invention has a variety of cohesion, viscosity and support as well as various solubility or dispersibility in water.

Starch granules contained in grains are gelatinized and cured in the sheet forming process. Natural polymer binders, such as starch, do not polymerize or decompose when added to the compound, but when moderately heated, they harden after drying and gelatinization. In gelatinization, most water-soluble resins are easily gelatinized in water at room temperature. Starch is only gelatinized at higher temperatures. However, some modified starches are gelatinized at room temperature. Water-soluble resins exhibit a maximum rheological effect almost immediately, but early quarter binders thicken as the temperature of the mixture increases.

Functional additives that can be added to directly affect the rheology of the compound include dispersants, plasticizers and lubricants.

The amount, type, and particle density of the filler can greatly affect the rheology and workability of the compound. Porous or large surface area fillers tend to absorb more water than nonporous fillers, thus reducing the amount of water available to lubricate the particles. This results in a very viscous mixture.

The density of the particles of the composition can also significantly affect the rheology of the mixture by affecting the amount of space that must be filled by water, lubricants, polymers, or other liquids that allow the mixture to flow.

Hydrocurable additives such as calcium oxide can be used as the water absorbent. They react with water to reduce the effective amount of water in the mixture and greatly affect the rheology of the mixture depending on the degree of hydration as a function of time.

Cohesiveness holds the shaped materials together so that the sheets can be stretched or pulled through the rollers and remain in shape until they are sufficiently dry to obtain sufficient tensile strength.

Solid components such as exploded biomass and fiber influence the rheology of the mixture in a similar way to additives. Some fibers can absorb water depending on their porosity and swellability.

C. Functions and Functions of Ingredients that Give Specific Properties

In general, sheets with low concentrations of binder and fiber are harder, have higher thermal insulation, have lower cohesiveness, resist thermal damage, have lower tensile strength, and are less decomposable by water.

Sheets with low binder concentration but high fiber content have high tensile strength, high stretchability, low compressive and flexural strength, low elastic modulus, high elasticity and high resistance to water decomposition.

Sheets with higher binder concentrations and lower fiber concentrations are more water soluble, degradable, easy to mold (allowing thinner sheets), have relatively high compressive and tensile strengths, higher stretch, adequate elasticity and elastic modulus. Is lower.

Sheets with high concentrations of polymeric binders and fibers have the most similar properties to pulp paper, have higher tensile strength, elongation and bending resistance, adequate compressive strength, very low resistance to hydrolysis, low heat resistance, It has higher elasticity and lower elastic modulus.

By adding rosin and alum in the compound, it is possible to give the final molding some water resistance. They interact with the constituents to form highly water resistant components in the matrix.

D. Organic Relations of Molded Components

Properties that are desirable to be included in the polymer matrix, which may affect the physical properties of the final molding, are high tensile strength, stretch, stretch, refractive and bendability. Depending on the end use, it may be desirable to make sheets with the properties of paper or cardboard products. However, it may be desirable to obtain a matrix having properties that cannot be obtained using conventional wood pulp or other paper stock. Such properties include water resistance, increased elongation, higher modulus, or lower density.

Unlike paper, cardboard or pulp mold, which is highly dependent on the properties of the pulp used, the properties of the moldings or sheets of the present invention have a relatively low correlation with the properties of the fibers used to make the sheets. The use of longer and more elastic fibers will give the sheet greater elasticity than shorter, harder fibers. However, the properties of the paper, which are largely dependent on the pulp, can be included in the sheet of the present invention by controlling the concentration of the non-fibrous component of the compound and the processing techniques used in this process. These properties, such as surface strength, firmness, surface finish, and porosity, are independent of the type of fiber used in the sheet.

Elasticity, tensile strength, or modulus of elasticity can be adjusted to meet the performance criteria of the sheet or moldings produced therefrom. Depending on the application, higher tensile strength may be an important feature. Some applications require flexibility, while others require more rigidity. Some sheets need to be dense, while others require thicker, lighter, and more insulating materials. It is important to aim at materials that are suitable for a particular application, taking into account cost and other manufacturing process variables.

In general, increasing the concentration of fiber in the mixture increases the tensile strength, elasticity, tear strength and burst strength of the final sheet.

The type of additive also affects the properties of the sheet. In general, lightweight additives such as hard, non-elastic pearlite or glass balloons result in lower density, greater thermal insulation and less brittle sheets. Additives such as silica, gypsum or clay are very inexpensive and can significantly reduce sheet manufacturing costs.

E. Mixing Compounds

The manufacturing equipment of the compound of the integrated molding method includes an extrusion facility in which the material contained in the matrix is automatically metered, mixed, degassed, kneaded and discharged continuously. Alternatively, some ingredients may be premixed in a container and the mixed ingredients may be pumped into a kneading and slurry mixer.

Mixers for mixing the compounds of the present invention can use a variety of known and commercial devices. For example, the use of an extruder with a drum mixer, a Banbari mixer, a Henschel mixer, a Wigweg mixer, a Hobart mixer, a kneader, a twin screw is preferred.

Generally, to complete the compound, a) metering the components, b) kneading the dispersed components, c) adding the blended water to the kneaded components, d) weighing the components Dispersing, e) to complete the dispersed slurry is discharged to the molding machine.

For low viscosity slurry matrix formulations, various known devices can be used to mix the exploded biomass high content compounds of the present invention. The Wigweg mixer shown in FIG. 2A is also one of the suitable low viscosity mixers.

For high viscosity matrix formulations, twin screw extruders are preferred. This mixer can be adjusted to provide various rotational forces and different shear forces for different components.

Both low and high viscosity formulations have advantages and disadvantages. However, in order to achieve the best blended compound, the composite components must be uniformly dispersed. In order to uniformly disperse the components, the additive components must first be mixed in an order that is difficult to mix, and prepared according to the properties required for the final molded article. It should be determined by the viscosity state by the appropriate amount of moisture depending on the environment of the casting and drying process.

It may be desirable to mix components that are difficult to mix in high shear, intensive mixers to form well dispersed and homogenized mixtures.

In the case where the fiber is long or the additive is hard to disperse evenly in the matrix, it is preferable to use a stronger kneading method in order to disperse uniformly.

For example, some fibers may require mixing that completely separates one another. High shear mixing results in a more homogeneously mixed mixture, thus improving the viscosity of the compound being mixed and thus increasing the strength of the final cured sheet. This is because high shear mixing distributes the fibers, particles, and binder more evenly, resulting in a more homogeneous matrix in the cured sheet.

In general, the compound is preferably mixed for up to 10 minutes and cast from the mixer by extrusion for up to 3 minutes to balance the damage of the fiber field due to over kneading with the uniform kneading.

F. Completion and Storage of the Matrix

The components of the above-described compounding ratio are uniformly mixed, and the mixed matrix is stored in a state in which the compounding is completed or in a suitable shape in order to supply the mixed matrix to the next step of the molding process. Uniform storage and maintenance are also necessary in the hopper waiting for the process. Appropriate shapes are extruded like plastic master badges and fed directly to the sheeting process, or in the case of low viscosity matrices, kneaded dough is fed directly into the hopper of the casting machine. If the kneading process of the matrix and the casting or forming process are separated, the matrix should be stored so that the kneaded state does not change. It should not dry out the moisture contained in the matrix compounds, which are mostly organic and carbohydrates, and depending on the process, the gelatinization of unstarched starches may lead to changes in viscosity, viscoelasticity, dehydration, foaming, fermentation, crosslinking, and layer separation. It should be maintained without change over time.

In this way, the finished compound may be stored as a slurry in a hydrous state to be molded into a sheet or a primary molding, or may be used for forming processing by forming a molding pallet that can be molded while drying the mixed water through an extruder. . In the case of molding, the content of binder in the composition should be increased so that the compound can have a moderately high melt index in the molding machine. In the case of the molding pallet, a functional additive such as a dispersant or wax may be further added to make it suitable for molding.

Completed with the above components and processing methods may be referred to as biodegradable exploded biomass, fiber, grain (starch), binder block, graft hybrid polymer matrix compound in the form of a slurry composed of natural materials. In addition, the difference between the process through the slurry of the method and the compound of the dry process through the extruder, which does not contain water, is through crosslinking or that the components of the molding serve only as simple fillers. would. Molding through the exploded biomass slurry of the present invention shows superior physical strength, structural strength, water resistance, relative stability over time, and the like, compared to anhydrous processes.

III. Preparation of Intermediate Molds from Compound

The shaping of the exploded biomass high content compound of the present invention can be molded by various known methods. Forming process of slurry (similar to making veneer bread), paper manufacturing process, plastic sheet casting process, FBC film or foam sheet manufacturing process, polyethylene foam sheet manufacturing process, polystyrene foam sheet manufacturing process And ethylene vinyl acetate-containing sponge foaming processes. In particular, US Patent No. 1, registered on August 13, 1996, entitled "Molded articles having an inorganically filled organic polymer matrix" as a detailed description of the process for forming a high content of inorganic starch, which is a process very similar to the present invention. See 5545450.

The term " sheets " molding the exploded biomass high content compounds of the present invention includes flat, curved, bent, organized plates. The compound is produced by uniformly kneading the binder group and the composition. This sheet may include other sheets laminated, surface coatings, printed matter, and the like.

The sheet can have a variety of thicknesses depending on the sheet application. The sheet can be as thin as 0.01 mm and thicker than 1 cm if strength, durability or size is important.

The present invention is produced by successively casting a matrix compound containing a high proportion of exploded biomass to form a sheet, and curing the sheet by evaporating moisture through drying means to complete a stable sheet. It relates to an innovative composition that solves the technical problem of manufacturing mass production sheets.

A. Formation of Intermediates (Initial Sheets)

Polymer matrix sheets, which are intermediate moldings for forming into other articles, can be produced by engraving the kneaded compound as described in detail in chapters I and II. The inventor has provided the following four sheet forming methods.

The first method involves first forming a sheet by casting a compound on a preformed barrier film that is placed on a conveyor and continuously fed, followed by removal of moisture by heating, with binders, exploded biomass and fibers. It promotes crosslinking to stabilize the formed sheet and to completely cure the binder by complete evaporation. One side of the sheet formed by this method is composed of a coating film, and the other side is a dried polymer sheet, and the surface is coated by a suitable method for remolding and finishing. In this case, the gelatinization of the starch constituents does not significantly affect the process.

The second method , like the first method, casts the compound on a conveyor lined with a quick-drying biodegradable coating solution. The conveyor raises the temperature to cure the coating film of the coating liquid, heat the compound, and proceed with molding. In this case, because of the heated conveyor, the coating liquid between the compound and the conveyor is cured, and the intermediate coating is cured so that the compound does not adhere to the molding machine or the roller. The surface of conveyors, rollers, etc. is coated with fluorocarbon resin, so that the adhesive sheet is not strong with other materials, and thus the molded sheet is easily peeled off with the cellulose film. In this case too, the gelatinization of the starch components does not affect the process.

In the third method, the compound is cast on the conveyor coated with cellulose ether solution having thermal gelation (syneresis curing) property as in the first method. At the same time, the top of the sheet is coated with a roller coated with a cellulose ether coating, and the sheet is pressed to stabilize the sheet. Then, the conveyor and the roller are hardened by raising the cure ether temperature of the cellulose ether and proceed with molding. Because of the heated conveyor, the cellulose ether between the compound and the conveyor discards water and cures, and the intermediate coating cures so that the compound does not adhere to the molding machine or roller. The surface of conveyors, rollers, etc. is coated with fluorocarbon resin, so that the adhesive sheet is not strong with other materials, and thus the molded sheet is easily peeled off with the cellulose film. Both sides of the sheet formed by this method are composed of a cellulose film, which is vulnerable to attack of moisture. When reshaping, use by coating in proper way. In this case, only starches that are not gelatinized should be used.

In the fourth method , a resin having thermal gelation temperature characteristics is added to a binder mixture of a polymer matrix, and the mixture is cast at a temperature lower than the gelatinization temperature of starch and higher than the thermal gelation temperature, thereby hardening the surface of the sheet first. Remove and form sheet.

B. Forming Sheets with Compound

3A and 3B shown in FIG. 3 specifically show a system for producing sheets from slurried compounds.

The formation of the polymer matrix compound sheet which can be applied to the present invention can be processed using various polymer processing techniques already known and widely used. For example;

Drying paper and forming sheet,

Sheet casting PVC casting film,

Foaming PVC sheet,

Foaming low density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet,

Process for molding polystyrene foam sheet,

Manufacturing and processing processes of various nonwoven fabrics,

Drying the resin pallet and mixing the pigment and the like,

Process of making functional master badges,

Process of making sheet molding compound (SMC).

Methods similar to known machines and known techniques used in the above-described processes, such as low viscosity mixers, include drum mixers, banbari mixers, Henschel mixers, Wigweg mixers, Hobart mixers, and the like. The use of kneaders, twin screw extruders is preferred.

The series of slurry sheeting systems is a mixing device, twin screw extruder, several sheet forming rollers, drying means, compression rollers, additional drying means, a series of finishes as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b of FIG. It may include a roller and a finishing sprue.

The manufacturing process used to prepare the exploded biomass high content polymer matrix sheet of the present invention, which may be formed into a container or other article of manufacture, is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 including an apparatus for performing the following steps. do;

(1) putting the mixed compound into a hopper to prepare an extrusion;

(2) extruding or casting the mixture into a sheet or other shape through suitable discharging means (T-die, etc.);

(3) passing the extruded mixture through a forming roller and a pressing roller to form a casting sheet of a desired thickness;

(4) passing the sheet through the initial heating means to gelatinize the starch and remove at least some of the water from the mixture and further dry the sheet in the next heating means;

(5) compressing the sheet while in a slightly damp state to remove unwanted voids to increase the strength of the sheet;

(6) further drying the sheet after compression;

(7) finish the sheet by passing through one or more finishing rollers;

(8) Winding the dried sheet onto the spun to form a roll that can be stored and used when needed.

FIG. 2A shows a preferred slurry mixing process, in which the mixed slurry is a "wegweg" extrusion device that quickly feeds material back and forth along the length of the sheet forming roller.

As shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, the slurry compound may be injected directly between the sheet forming rollers.

The second method for the best mixture

(1) putting the mixed compound into a hopper to prepare an extrusion;

(2) extruding the mixture and cutting into individual units of suitable shape;

(3) delivering the extruded unit to a hopper;

(4) passing the extruded unit between a pair of self-feeding extrusion rollers to form a sheet;

(5) drying or finishing the sheet. The extrusion step assists in removing air from the compound and each extruded unit feeds the compound more evenly into the inlet of the extrusion roller.

C. Fine tuning of work forming

In the sheet forming step, the slurry discharged to the initial thickness through the extruder die is first compressed to the desired thickness, and the molded sheet is passed through another set of pressing or forming rollers (FIGS. 4B and 5B) to facilitate compounding. Is formed into a trough. Alternatively, the compound may be injected directly between the sheet forming rollers of FIG. 4B or 5B.

5A is an enlarged view of a screw kneading and extruder including an injector for injecting compound into the extruder. Send the ingredients in the hopper to the inside of the cylinder and knead them evenly with a screw to the next step. One or two screws may be used depending on the amount and viscosity of the process.

The slurry construct is injected into the hopper of FIG. 5A. The screw is kneaded while advancing the mixture toward the discharge port. Extrusion requires the compound to be fed continuously and controlled to the forming machine. This can also be accomplished by other mechanisms that cause the flow or "extrusion" of the material through proper ejection. For example, it may be supplied using gravity as a force to flow the compound.

3A and 3B, the slurry compound is injected directly from a mixer into a set of extrusion and reduction rollers to directly convert the slurry compound into a sheet without the use of an extruder die. The sheets formed by the forming rollers, such as the system shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, are transferred to a drying roller, a compression roller, an additional drying roller, a series of finishing rollers, and then wound on a sprue.

If no separate blocking or adhesion prevention means are provided, a binder with thermogelling properties is included in the formulation to form an initial coating film of cellulose ether on the surface of the sheet, and the sheet forming roller is then starch granulated. It is heated to the temperature at which gelatinization takes place. It is also possible to remove some of the water by evaporation during the process.

As shown in Fig. 5B, the reason for compressing the sheet can impart morphological stability to the sheet and, when pressing the sheet, as shown in Fig. 6, a flat and strong skin on the surface of the sheet. To form a. It has the property of forming a dense layer on the surface rather than the inside, as shown in Fig. 6A, thereby reducing the influence of the physical impact transmitted from the outside.

There is little water removed in the liquid state in the initial forming machine of the sheet after casting the compound, but as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a series of heated sheet forming rollers are used as heating means during the sheet forming process. It reduces the amount of moisture. As the sheet thickness decreases as it passes through the roller, the sheet is stretched in the "machine direction" while maintaining a constant width. As a result of sheet drawing, the fibers are further oriented in the machine direction. In this way, the reduction process in combination with the initial extrusion process can produce a single oriented sheet in the machine direction. However, as the speed of the compression roller increases, the fibers in the sheet are disordered.

In the case of a matrix with a very low adhesion to the roller and plasticizing properties, the sheet extruded in a one-step process using a very large diameter heated roller and several small diameter rollers to a final thickness Can be reduced.

Optimizing the roller diameter to obtain the thickness of the thinnest sheet while preventing overdrying the molded sheet is preferred over reducing the number of reduction steps in the manufacturing process. In addition to reducing the space required for the process, reducing the number of shrinkage steps can also be used to prevent sheet build-up (when the rollers spin slowly) or sheet tears (when the rollers spin too fast) remaining behind the rollers. Reduce the number of rollers that need to be synchronized.

In general, the adhesion of the compound increases as the amount of water in the mixture increases. Therefore, if the mixture contains more water, the roller should be heated to a higher temperature to prevent adhesion. This is an advantage for sheets with higher water content since more water must be removed to obtain adequate self-agglomeration. In addition, the roller speed increase allows the roller temperature to increase to prevent the sheet from adhering to the roller.

Another way to reduce the adhesion between the roller and sheet is to treat the roller surface. The rollers are generally made of polished stainless steel and coated with a non-stick material such as chromium, nickel or teflon.

Finally, the rolling process does not compress the sheet much because of the high workability and plasticity of the compound. In other words, the density of the sheet will remain constant during the rolling process even if some compression is expected if the sheet is severely dried while passing between the compression rollers.

If compression is required, the sheet can pass between a set of compression rollers (Figure 5b) after drying. Thus, important parameters of the rolling process are the diameter, speed and temperature of the roller and the "cut height" (or gap distance). Increasing the roller diameter and increasing the saw height reduces the shear rate imparted to the compound and sheet during the sheet forming process and increasing the roller speed increases the shear rate.

In addition to the above-described processes, techniques similar to kneading, heating, drying, melting, stretching, pressing, foaming, peeling, evaporating, winding, ultrasonic irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, and the like can be applied to the sheet formation of the present invention. This process involves kneading, kneading, surface coating, wetting, wetting, wetting control, dissolution, fusion, addition reaction, clustering, granulation, hydrogenation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, crosslinking, It may include a process such as cooling.

The advantages of the sheets of the present invention have less environmental impact than paper, cardboard, plastic or polystyrene moldings. Sheets and moldings of the present invention are recyclable and, even when not regenerated, are readily degraded upon exposure to moisture, pressure, and other environmental factors, making them complementary to soil components. The organic synthetic binder component dissolves slowly in water compared to carbohydrates and is subsequently degraded by microbial action. Fibers also break down quickly and contain much less than paper. Inorganic additives are inert and in either case are compatible with the soil. In comparison, polystyrene or plastics abandoned in lakes or rivers persist for decades or even centuries. Even paper or paperboard can last for months or even years if the conditions of degradation are not complete. In contrast, a container made of the sheet of the present invention decomposes after several hours or days depending on the amount of moisture present and turns into fertilizer to fertilize the ground.

D. Drying Process

The compound is dried by removing the blended water and bubbles at the same time by using a bubble removing function in the case of a processing machine, especially an extruder. However, when the sheet is formed as an intermediate molding, the sheet formed by uniformly dispersing the compounded water and the bubbles in the low shear mixer without removing them is dried by a separate heating means. In the case of drying without removing the bubbles, the place where the bubbles and the blended water remain is left as a void and has a foamed shape. This is a system that can be dried and cured at a foaming ratio as much as the blended water is foamed, so that the foaming ratio of the molding can be determined by the amount of the blended water added.

When the initial sheet is formed into an intermediate molding, the sheet is cast on a conveyor to obtain a sheet having the required tensile strength and the desired elongation, although the sheet can be dried partially or even almost by heating means. In order to dry the sheet. Even if the sheet dries naturally over time, waiting for the sheet to dry naturally is not possible in a process design aimed at mass production. Drying can be carried out in a variety of ways to heat the sheet to expel water quickly.

The drying means of the sheet may be various, but the present invention is roughly processed by a method using a heating roller and a method using a drying tunnel.

First, if the method of drying through the heating roller is described, the drying means may be arranged so that the sheet passes sequentially over the area of each roller surface in contrast to the compression roller arranged in one or more sets (Figs. 3A and 3B). Several rollers shown). In this way, both sides of the sheet are dried in stages. The preferred drying means is a large diameter heating roller, which includes a roller having high thermal efficiency due to its large diameter and a large contact area, but several series of smaller rollers may be used.

Secondly, in the case of drying using a drying tunnel (drying furnace), the matrix cast on the conveyor in the extruder is adjusted to a predetermined thickness in the compression roller and enters the drying tunnel. The conveyor entering the drying tunnel is heated by various heating means and is delayed by the length of the conveyor and the linear speed of the conveyor to remain in the heating means. The linear velocity is adjusted to dryness. In the meantime, the matrix receives heat from the drying means, and the heat causes the water in the matrix to dry.

As a heating means in the drying tunnel, there may be a method in which electric heating, gas heating and high frequency (dielectric heating) irradiation are mixed with electricity or gas. The electric heating and gas heating methods can use a conventionally well-known method.

High frequency dielectric heating is an object placed in a strong high frequency electromagnetic field, which is also called a radio heater. When the insulation is placed in the high frequency electric field, it is based on the principle that the heating element itself generates heat due to the dielectric loss of the insulation. It is applied to drying or bonding wood, vulcanizing rubber, molding and processing of synthetic resins, adhesion of vinyl film (high frequency bonding), drying of fibers, processing, insecticide and sterilization of sea bass products, and cooking of food (microwave oven). It is becoming.

The characteristic of this heating method is that even when the insulator having low thermal conductivity is a heated object, it can be efficiently heated by the heat generated by the heated body itself, and it is possible to select and heat it where necessary.

The temperature of the drying means depends on a number of factors including the moisture content of the sheet as it passes through the particular roller. The temperature of the drying means should be below 300 ° C. to avoid damage and degradation of the matrix compound components. Rollers heated above this temperature as long as there is water suitable to cool the material as the water evaporates in the mixture, although the compound should not be heated above 250 ° C to prevent the destruction of organic components (such as organic binders or cellulose ethers). Can be used. Nevertheless, the amount of water is reduced during the drying process, so the temperature of the roller needs to be reduced to prevent overheating of the sheet material.

Drying tunnels, ovens or chambers can be used in conjunction with drying means when the process needs to be made faster. It may be desirable to accelerate the drying process by circulating the heated air in order to obtain a tropical flow drying effect. The temperature in the drying tunnel and the residence time of the sheet in the tunnel are determined by the rate and amount of evaporation of water in the sheet material. The temperature of the drying tunnel should not exceed 250 ° C to prevent the destruction of the organic binder. The drying tunnel is heated to a temperature of 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.

In some cases the drying process described above is the final step before the sheet is used in the manufacture of containers or other articles or wound onto sprues (rolls at the ends of FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B). Particularly where a smoother, more paper-like finish is required, additional steps such as compression or finishing are carried out after the drying step.

IV. Surface treatment process (difference between coating and lamination)

Sheets molded and dried in the manner described above may require additional surface finishing to complement performance depending on the properties required for the sheet and the end use. According to the sheeting process described in the preparation of the sheet from the compound of item II of the present invention, there are also sheets which are initially laminated on one side, sheets coated with a coating and having a surface of a cured binder. There is also. Such surface treatment additional processes for performance enhancement include coating or lamination or combinations thereof.

A. Lamination and Lamination Process

By surface treatment, the molded product can be physically and chemically protected and various properties can be given to the molded sheet. "Lamination" sheet refers to a sheet having two or more layers with at least one sheet on one side. The sheet can be formed by combining at least two layers. The thickness of the sheet varies with the intended use and the required properties.

Lamination materials bonded or adhered to the sheet include other materials, materials that impart the necessary properties to the sheet when the two are laminated together, i.e. materials that are coatings, adhesives or combinations thereof. Examples of materials that improve or enhance the properties of the sheets include polymer sheets, metal foil sheets, ionomer sheets, elastomeric sheets, nylon sheets, wax sheets, hydrocurable sheets and metallized films It is sheet.

Moist starch can be used as the adhesive for lamination. Bonding between the sheet-sheet and sheet coating films may be formed using an adhesive through various methods such as wet adhesive lamination, dry adhesive lamination, thermal lamination and compression lamination. Useful adhesives include aqueous adhesives (natural and synthetic), hot melt adhesives or solvent adhesives.

Wet bonding lamination of the sheet and the other layers uses a liquid adhesive to bond the two layers. Useful natural aqueous adhesives for wet bond laminations include vegetable organic binder adhesives, protein based adhesives, animal glues, casein and natural rubber latexes. Useful synthetic aqueous adhesives include resin emulsions such as stable suspensions of polyvinyl acetate particles in water.

Most aqueous adhesives are low in odor, taste, color, toxicity, have a wide range of adhesive properties and have excellent performance.

Thermoplastic adhesives are hot malt adhesives that are applied in the molten state and cured upon cooling. Hot malt adhesives cure faster than other adhesives. Useful oily adhesives include polyurethane adhesives, oily ethylenevinylacetate systems, and other rubber resins.

Starch in the sheet also acts as a thermoplastic material. Heating the sheet above the glass transition temperature of the starch may melt and deform the sheet. Cooling of the thermoplastic material holds the molding in a new shape. The molten and cooled starch can act as an adhesive to bond and seal the sheet, resulting in a pipe, tube or can.

The stretchability or Melt Flow viscosity of the sheet surface layer continuously fed through the conveyor must be higher than the stretchability or Melt Flow viscosity of the compound at the temperature applied during reworking. Otherwise, there may be a case where the compound layer and the surface layer of the sheet are separated during reworking.

B. Coating and Coating Process

The surface treatment may be performed by applying a coating or coating material to the surface layer of the sheet or moldings produced therefrom. Coatings can be used to enhance the surface properties of the sheet in a number of ways, including sealing and protecting the sheet or article. The coating protects against moisture, bases, acids, greases and organic solvents. They provide a smoother, more glossy and hardened surface and prevent the sheet and its components from being disturbed. The coating also imparts thermal and electrical insulation.

The coating of the surface layer reinforces the sheet, especially at bending or fold lines. Particularly in the case of folded articles, plastic or elastic coatings are preferred. Such coatings may also be used as lamination materials or adhesives.

Some coatings soften the matrix, making the molded sheet more flexible. For example, a coating based on a material such as soybean oil or ethylcellulose is applied to the sheet surface, alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol, to permanently soften the sheet or folded sites in the sheet.

When these properties are imparted to the sheet of the present invention through surface treatment, they exhibit substantially similar properties to polystyrene foam sheets, plastic sheets or paper.

The purpose of the coating process is to form a uniform film on the sheet surface to protect the contents. The coating may be applied during the sheet forming process, the article forming process or after the article is formed. The specific coating method or choice of coating depends on the surface surface parameters and the coating formulation parameters. Sheet variables are strength, wettability, porosity, density, smoothness, and uniformity. Formulation parameters of the coating include total solids content, solvent (water solubility and volatility), surface tension, and rheology.

Coatings are blades, air-knifes, Dahlgren [machines using multiple rollers], printing, gravure, powder, coating means known in the art of manufacturing paper, cardboard, plastic, polystyrene, metal sheets or other packaging materials. Coating and Patent Application No. 10-2001-0060271 filed by the inventors of the present invention September 27, 2001 and Patent Application 10-2001-0064858 "Phase change and phase equilibrium during starch molding process Coating method of barrier material ".

The coating may be applied by applying the coating materials listed above onto a sheet, object, spraying, spraying or soaking in a container containing the appropriate coating material and subject to post-treatment.

The surface coating method of the sheet also maintains the initial form of the compound,

At the same time as the coating (molding, lamination, casting, etc.), the compound is bonded and cast,

-By placing a film or film formed on the conveyor to cast (coextrude) the compound thereon;

-Coating the coating liquid on the surface of the conveyor with which the compound is in contact, casting the compound on the film coating which is hardened and coated.

The coating process and the extrusion process can also be integrated.

Suitable organic coating materials include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, polyacrylate, polyamide, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butylate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, emulsion type acrylic resins, liquid polyurethanes, poly Lactic acid, latex, starch, soy protein, soybean oil, cellulose ether, synthetic polymers including biodegradable polymers, rosin, wax (wax, petroleum wax or synthetic wax), edible oil, melamine, polyvinyl chloride, elastomer .

Copolymers with polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers and plasticizers such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dibutyl maleate and the like may also be used as coating liquids. Although vinyl acetate resin alone is used as an inexpensive reason, a coating using copolymer may be used because of low coating film formation temperature and excellent weather resistance, water resistance, storage stability, etc., but the biodegradability of the molding of the present invention may be deteriorated due to its advantages. There is a possibility that it is preferable to add a small amount of monomer so as not to impair biodegradability.

Suitable inorganic coating materials include sodium silicate, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, kaolin, clays, ceramics and mixtures thereof. The inorganic coating can be mixed with one or more organic coatings. In addition to these coatings, suitable coating materials may be used depending on the application.

Waterproof coatings are preferred for objects that come in contact with water. If the sheet is used in the manufacture of a container in contact with food, the coating material will include a coating that is officially approved for food contact.

Polymeric coatings such as polyethylene are useful for forming thin layers with low density.

Low density polyethylene is particularly useful for creating containers that are liquid tight and pressure resistant. The polymer coating may be utilized as an adhesive in the heat seal.

Waxes and wax mixtures, in particular natural and synthetic waxes, provide a barrier to moisture, oxygen and organic liquids such as grease or oils. These allow the container to be heat sealed. Synthetic waxes are useful in food and beverage packaging and include paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes.

C. Post-Processing Process

By optimizing the compounding of the compound as desired, it is possible to produce a matrix which can be stretched to a predetermined ratio in a heated or damp state and can be stretched even in a dry state. That is, the sheet can be stretched within these ranges without breaking.

The term "stretching" means that the matrix of the sheet can be stretched without breaking and has a finished surface. In other words, it is the maximum point where the shape of the sheet changes without breaking due to the application of the force applied by the matrix.

The thickness of the sheet can be changed by adjusting the gap between the rollers, which is the forming tool, to obtain a sheet having the required strength, bendability, thermal insulation, stretchability, weight or other performance criteria. Depending on the thickness and the required performance, the components and relative concentrations of the matrix can be adjusted to the particular sheet thickness. The sheet can be designed to have various thicknesses. The sheet thickness can be up to 1 cm if thermal insulation or higher elasticity or strength is required. Of course, the composition may be molded into very thick sheets of 10 cm or more.

Sheets used for the manufacture of packaging boxes have a thickness of 2.5 mm, preferably 5 mm for milk packs, 2.5 mm for juice boxes.

Sheets (covers of magazines or booklets) requiring greater strength, modulus of elasticity and lower elasticity are preferably 0.1-2 mm thick. The thickness and stretch of a particular sheet will depend on the performance criteria required for the molding and target in question.

As mentioned above, the sheets can be molded in various thicknesses and strengths and used in various applications.

If you have a sheet and a container with a lid, you need to fold or bend the sheet. It may be desirable to pre-drill the sheet to form a "fold induction wire" to which the sheet can be folded. The purpose of premachining is to first create a point on the sheet where the sheet can be easily folded or bent.

The pre-fabricated sheet also prevents the peeling of the surface skin and the intermediate layer that occur when forcibly bent. This creates a "fold" (hinge) in the sheet with greater bendability and elasticity compared to the unprocessed sheet. It also provides a point where the sheet naturally bends or folds first.

Depending on the application, it may be desirable to increase the elasticity and develop resistance to folding by further concentrating the fiber at the folding point.

The sheet is preferably in a dry or semi-dry or semi-cured state during the preprocessing process. This is because while the wire is engraved on the sheet containing water, the contents have a predetermined viscosity, and thus the seat pressed at a predetermined pressure can afford to move without physical damage. This results in the sheet being compressed rather than cut. At the same time, the compressed matrix concentrates the polymer matrix, forming a stronger skin than the non-concentrated portion, providing resistance to bending.

The preliminary process shall be processed to a suitable depth depending on the application and the application. If it is too deep or too shallow, the phenomenon that the sheet is cut rather than the effect of increasing the resistance to a certain bending may occur. In addition, processing the front and back sides is very helpful in increasing the bending range or angle.

V. Articles made of sheets

Various types of sheets having various properties can be prepared by using the molding method of the sheet using the biodegradable polymer matrix compound of the present invention. If a very thin, stretchable and lightweight sheet is required, the sheet thickness may be less than 0.1 cm and if a relatively thick, strong and rigid sheet is needed, the thickness may be as thick as 1 cm. The sheet may have a density of 0.2 g / cm 3 to 2 g / cm 3 depending on the type of additive to be blended. The higher the density, the stronger the sheet, and the lower the density, the greater the thermal insulation. The exact thickness and density of the sheets can be pre-designed to produce sheets with the necessary properties at a cost that allows the sheet to be manufactured in an economically feasible manner.

The sheets produced according to the invention can be rolled up in large spuns in rolls or cut into sheets of constant size, stacked on pallets, such as paper or cardboard, and stored until needed.

The exploded biomass high content sheet of the present invention can be heated again or increase moisture to impart a limited range of plasticity, and after plasticization, the stacked or wound sheet is cut and reheated or rewet by It can be molded into the desired product. In addition, the sheet can be processed like a thermoplastic. If the depleted biomass sheet of the invention is heated above the glass transition temperature of the starch, it can be shaped into the desired shape. Upon cooling below the glass transition temperature, the sheet will solidify again.

The sheet of the present invention can be used in the field where polystyrene foam (styrofoam), pulp paper or paperboard is used. In addition, due to the inherent properties of the compound materials of the present invention, it is possible to produce a variety of articles that can replace plastics, polystyrene or metals.

In particular, the sheet of the present invention can be used to manufacture articles such as;

Disposable lunch box, instant noodle [cup noodle] container, take-out for food packaging, microwave oven for retort food packaging (hot) Instant food container, cereal box, sandwich container, "shell shell" type container (Hinged-type containers used in fast food sandwiches such as hamburgers), frozen food boxes, bulk containers for fish distribution, food containers for small packaging displays, food trays for small packaging displays, milk cartons, fruit juice containers, yogurt Disposable and non-disposable food or beverage containers such as containers, beverage carriers (basketed carriers, "6-pack" ring carriers), ice cream boxes, cups (disposable drink cups, corrugated cups, corn cups), French fries, fast food boxes ; Packaging papers, packaging materials such as gap inserts, loose fills, snack bags, bags with openings such as vegetable bags, bags in dry cereal boxes, cosmetic packaging materials, hardware packaging materials, trays for supporting products such as cookies or candy bars Various boxes, such as cans, tapes, cardboard, corrugated boxes for packaging, confectionery boxes, cosmetic boxes; Molding containers such as freeze juice concentrates, oatmeal, potato chips, ice cream, salt, detergents and motor oils, mail packaging, books, magazines, envelopes, post cards, three ring binders, book covers, folders, plates, lids, straws, Bottles, cases, egg boxes, disposable plates, toys, plastic models, and more.

The following examples illustrate the formulation of a matrix according to the process of the present invention and methods and compositions for forming a sheet with the matrix compound. This suggests a variety of mixing compositions and methods of making sheets, containers, and other articles of varying nature and size.

Example 1.

First, the saturated steam heated at about 200 ° C. (pressure 15.3 kg / cm 2) in the steam generator is introduced into the reactor jacket and the reactor to heat the reactor (cylinder) to the explosion pretreatment temperature of 180 to 230 ° C. By operating the thermostatic valve connected to the jacket inside the reactor and the outside of the reactor, when the temperature inside the steam jacket and the reactor reaches the desired temperature, it is possible to maintain the reached temperature by adjusting the high pressure steam injection valve.

The biomass rice husk already heated to about 180 ° C is introduced into the reactor through the hopper, and all the valves connected to the reactor are closed to close the inlet, and only the valves for steam input and discharge are opened and 230 ° C. Saturated steam heated to a temperature of

Inject the biomass inside the reactor for about 1 minute to reach the temperature of about 200 ℃ and 25kg / ㎠ and immediately open the lower valve to explode solids into the flash tank after extraction including cellulose and lignin in the reactor. To explode.

The fiber of the crushed chaff can be obtained. Physically separate the fibers and slurries for blending into the compound. In order to obtain a large amount of biomass explosives, the above-described processes of addition, heating, pressurization, and aeration are repeated.

Example 2.

High content of detonated biomass is made from compounds from a polymer matrix comprising the components set forth in the following table.

This example is a standard formulation of the present invention wherein the biomass used is gelatinized when the chaff of Example 1 (0.7 g / cm 3 after apparent specific gravity 0.3 g / cm 3 pretreatment) and the starch used are added to the mixture as corn starch. It is not. The organic binder used was a 50/50 mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (Kuraray, Exceval CP-4104B1) and methyl cellulose (eg Dow's Methocel F4M Grade gelation temperature of 62-68'C, showing strong lubricity).

The exploded biomass, starch, and fibers are mixed for 10 minutes under high shear in a Hobart kneader. Thereafter, a binder group was added and kneaded again for 5 minutes, and water at room temperature was added thereto, followed by kneading at low shear until the components were evenly mixed to complete the slurry. Kneading at low shear is to protect the fibers in the composition.

The mixture is extruded through a 30 cm x 0.6 cm outlet using a deaeration screw extruder to form a continuous sheet having a corresponding width and thickness. The extruded sheet is then passed between rollers heated to a temperature of about 70 ° C. with a gap corresponding to the thickness of the formed sheet. Thereafter, the initial sheet is passed between rollers having a temperature of 100 ° C. or more to gelatinize the starch and remove water by evaporation from the initial sheet.

The exploded biomass has a low specific surface area and the cellulose ether is gelled, so the mixture is very low adhesion to the rollers. Thus, cellulose ethers in the binder group prevent starch from adhering to the rollers during the sheet forming process.

The resulting exploded biomass high content sheet completed the initial molding to varying thicknesses of 1 mm or more.

Reforming gives plasticity and flexibility by heating an initial molding at 200-220 degreeC or more, and is processed to the desired form.

Example 3.

The exploded biomass high content fill sheet is prepared from the next molding composition.

The exploded biomass, starch and pulp fibers are mixed for 10 minutes under high shear in a Hobart kneader. A group of binders is then added and further kneaded and water is added to the mixture and mixed well under low shear. The mixture is extruded through a 30 cm x 0.6 cm die using an extruder to form a continuous sheet having a corresponding width and thickness. The extruded sheet is then passed between a set of forming / reducing rollers having a gap distance corresponding to the formed sheet thickness.

The sheet of this example completed the initial molding in various thicknesses of 1 mm or more.

Examples 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10,

In Example 2, only starch was replaced with the following grain meal by the equivalent amount of starch.

High content of detonated biomass is made of compound from a polymer matrix comprising the components shown in the following table, in particular fiber pulp.

The grains were removed, the grains were uniformly ground up to 100mesh with the epidermis and included in the formulation without any other pretreatment. Rice and barley skin and corn embryos were not easy to grind or separate in the laboratory. The process was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 2 and 3. The sheet is prepared in the manner described in Example 3. In this example, the sheet was molded to a thickness of 1 mm or more.

Example 11.

Sheets were prepared from the composition after increasing the amount of binder without including grains. In addition, the composition comprises a large amount of biomass exploded in all of the components. Water is included in the amount of 11 kg.

Manila hemp (string) was ground and blended with natural long fibers. Even if a large amount of exploded biomass was included, it was confirmed that the use of organic binder and fiber in a large amount can maintain physical properties and moldability.

Example 12.

Sheets have been produced which are intermediate moldings which can be molded into various articles (including food or beverage containers). The cured sheet is reshaped to finish with a coating and then to various food and beverage containers. In a fast food restaurant, a cup containing a beverage is manufactured in the form of a pipe by cutting the sheet into a suitable size, winding the cut sheet into a cup shape, and bonding the sheets together using a conventional aqueous adhesive. It is preferable that the sheet of the present invention having a thickness of 1 mm or more for heat shielding be used for making cups.

Example 13.

The sheet was heated to a temperature of 220 ° C. and plasticity was given to the sheet as the heat. The sheet heated to give plasticity and flexibility was placed on a tray-shaped arm mold, pressed with a male mold, and cut around. After the shape of the molding had stabilized it was taken out of the mold. Tray-shaped moldings were simply completed.

Example 14.

A sheet having a suitable thickness is formed in accordance with various embodiments described above.

The dry sheets of each thickness are cut into circles and the disposable plates are formed using machine presses and equipment used to make disposable plates from paper. The plate formed is similar in shape, strength and appearance to conventional paper plates, trays and cups. However, plates or moldings made from exploded biomass high content sheets show tighter and more stable structural integrity than conventional paper plates.

Example 15.

The composition is used to form a corrugated cardboard sheet including an internal structure sandwiched between two flat sheets. The flat outer sheet is formed by winding the material into a flat sheet of appropriate thickness. Rollers with corrugated surfaces or teeth that interweave flat sheets of appropriate thickness with a cured, aerated biomass high content corrugated sheet (similar to the corrugated inner sheet of a normal cardboard box) corrugated inside. It is formed by passing through. An adhesive is applied to the surface of the corrugated sheet, which is then sandwiched between two flat sheets and cured. This corrugated sandwich structure is superior in strength, toughness and rigidity to conventional corrugated sheet.

Example 16.

Form plates and trays weighing 20 grams each and coat them with 1-5 grams of coating. The coating is a coating suspension of 20% nitrocellulose (RS 1 / 2NC), 20% glycerin, 10% rosin in 50% methanol. The coating is applied by any known method. The coating composition is applied at room temperature and left at room temperature in a completely dried molding to prevent whitening. After coating, the container is dried for a suitable period. A physically stable, highly waterproof, biodegradable lacquer surface is produced.

Example 17.

A plate weighing 20 grams each is formed and then coated with 1-5 grams of the composition. The coating is a coating composition comprising 20% polyvinyl alcohol, 20% glycerin, 60% water. The coating is applied by any known method. The coating composition is applied at temperatures of 90 ° C and 150 ° C. After coating, the container is dried for a suitable period.

Example 18.

A uniform wax layer is applied to the surface by passing the molded article such as the tray prepared according to Example 21 through a wax coater. The wax layer seals the surface of the cup against moisture, making it waterproof.

Example 19.

Containers such as trays prepared according to Example 21 were coated with an acrylic emulsion using fine spray nozzles. Similar to the wax of Example 22, the acrylic coating layer seals the surface of the molding against moisture, making it waterproof. Acrylic coatings can be advantageous because they are inconspicuous, unlike wax coatings. Since thinner acrylic coatings are possible, the gloss of the molding surface can be controlled by using different kinds of acrylic coatings. However, there is controversy over biodegradability depending on the type of acrylic monomer.

A high fibrous compound molding obtained from the exploded biomass of the present invention, comprising: a composition for producing inexpensively high-environmentally friendly sheet having properties similar to paper, paperboard, polystyrene, plastic, or metal sheet, and Provide a method. It is widely used as a civilization, but can be molded and replaced in a variety of containers or other objects using manufacturing facilities and techniques used to make environmentally destructive paper, cardboard, polystyrene, plastic or metal sheets.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for the production of environmentally friendly moldings or sheets which can be formed from moldable biodegradable natural compositions, in particular high content of exploded fiber, wherein the moldings are decomposed into material in the soil or Provides biodegradable sheets, containers and other articles of manufacture, and provides methods and compositions for making sheets, containers and other articles at a cost lower than the cost of manufacturing paper, plastic or metal products. Provided are compositions and methods for producing biomass high content fill sheets having great stretch, tensile strength, toughness, formability, and mass productivity.

The exploded biomass compounds and moldings of the present invention are biodegradable and have a good environmental impact.

Claims (9)

In moldings composed of compounds of a polymer matrix of a natural material that can be biodegradable, a) biodegradable compounds, 1) exploded biomass, 2) binder group consisting of starch, water-soluble thermoplastic resin and composite resin having water-soluble thermogelability, 3) formulated water, Forming a slurry-like compound uniformly dispersed in a furnace; b) the slurry compound of the previous stage is kneaded in an extruder which is a mixing means, and the uniformly kneaded slurry is cast to a predetermined thickness through the discharge means; c) the cast slurry compound is dried by drying means; d) forming the dried compound into a molding, A method of forming a blasted biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block-grafted interpolymer matrix compound. The method of claim 1, The slurry is cast to a predetermined thickness through the ejecting means of the extruder on a biodegradable barrier film which is placed on a conveyor and continuously fed; The slurry is cast to a predetermined thickness through the ejecting means of the extruder on a biodegradable barrier film which is coated on the conveyor surface and continuously fed; The slurry is cast to a predetermined thickness through the ejecting means of the extruder, on top of the biodegradable barrier membrane on which the resin solution having thermal gelling properties is applied, cured and continuously fed onto the conveyor surface; Incorporating a resin having thermogelling properties into the slurry, such that the slurry is cast to a predetermined thickness through the ejecting means of the extruder so that upon shaping of the sheet, the surface is first hot gelled; A method of forming a blasted biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block-graft hybrid polymer matrix compound, comprising a method of forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of a molding, including any one or more of the above-described steps. The method according to claim 1 and 2, On the hydrophobic barrier film continuously supplied through the conveyor, the compound continuously cast by the discharge means, 1) pressing by a roller; 2) drying by heating means and curing into a sheet; 3) attaching another coating or barrier over the cured double sheet to complete the triple composite molding; Wherein the molding comprises a compound layer mixed with a polymer matrix of a biodegradable material comprising the steps described above, and a step of having a hydrophobic barrier film on both sides of the compound layer. Process for molding triple composite moldings of thermoplastic biodegradable block-graft interpolymer matrix compounds of high content. The method of claim 1, When the compound is heated to a predetermined temperature and foamed at the same time as drying, forming into a final molding; The compound is molded into an intermediate at a temperature lower than the predetermined foaming temperature, and after curing, the plasticity is again given through reheating and then further heated and foamed upon molding into the final molding; A process for forming an exploded biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block graft interpolymer matrix compound characterized by having a foaming step selected from the above-mentioned steps. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein 1) The coating layer attached to the surface of the triple composite molding consists of a biodegradable hydrophobic polymer, which gives the sheet water resistance and morphological stability; 2) the water-soluble resin binder having thermoplastic properties is uniformly dispersed and mixed in the compound layer of the sheet, and the compound is cured simultaneously with the bonding of the decomposed biomass and the binder through dehydration and drying; 3) the sheet cured through dehydration and drying may have a certain plasticity through heating, and the plasticity may be transformed and processed into a new type of molding; 4) biodegradable and thermoplastic dual properties, characterized by biodegradation after disposal; The exploded biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block graft comprising the above-mentioned molded product as a main component of the exploded biomass, and the instant milled grain powder is formed into a biodegradable polymer matrix compound composed of one of the binder group components. Forming method of hybrid polymer matrix compound. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, wherein the drying means of the molding -Electric dry tunnel, -Drying tunnel using gas, -Drying tunnel using high frequency, Drying means using heated rollers, A method of forming a blasted biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block-grafted hybrid polymer matrix compound, characterized in that the molding is dried using at least one drying means selected from the foregoing drying means. The method of claim 1, wherein the molded article has a density of 0.1 g / cm 3 or more and 2.0 g / cm 3 or less. 10. The method of forming a bombarded biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block-graft hybrid polymer matrix compound. The method of forming a fired biomass high content thermoplastic biodegradable block-grafted hybrid polymer matrix compound according to claim 1, wherein the molded article has a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and 100 mm or less. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix compound has a water dispersibility, a hydrogen characteristic and a thermoplastic, and when the water is dried, the matrix compound is cured together with the dehydration crosslinking through condensation polymerization between the components and at the same time to have a glass transition temperature After forming the final molded product or the intermediate molded product through the above-mentioned hardening process, it is possible to apply the plasticity and flexibility to the intermediate product through at least one method selected from heating and rewetting to enable remolding. A molded article characterized in that it is made through a process for forming a biodegradable block-grafted hybrid polymer matrix compound having a detonated biomass-high thermoplastic content.