KR20010055791A - Manufacturing method of high heat-resistance and high wear-resistance aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high heat-resistance and high wear-resistance aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
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- KR20010055791A KR20010055791A KR1019990057101A KR19990057101A KR20010055791A KR 20010055791 A KR20010055791 A KR 20010055791A KR 1019990057101 A KR1019990057101 A KR 1019990057101A KR 19990057101 A KR19990057101 A KR 19990057101A KR 20010055791 A KR20010055791 A KR 20010055791A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 자동차를 비롯한 각종 운송기기의 엔진소재에 적합한 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 내마모 특성에 적합한 Si입자와 내열특성에 적합한 금속간화합물이 모재 내에 함유되도록 하는 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy suitable for engine materials of various transportation equipment including automobiles, and more particularly, so as to contain Si particles suitable for wear resistance and intermetallic compounds suitable for heat resistance. It relates to a method for producing a heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금은 내열특성에 적합한 분산상과 내마모 특성에 적합한 입자를 다량으로 함유한 알루미늄 합금으로서, 그 특성은 합금 내에 분포하는 분산상 및 입자의 형상 및 크기, 분포경향에 의해 좌우된다. 일반적으로 내열특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 Al-TM(transition metal: 천이금속)계 금속간화합물과 같이 열적 안정성이 뛰어난 분산상을 모재 내에 다량으로 분포시켜야 하며, 내마모 특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 Si과 같은 고경도 입자를 모재내에 형성시켜야 한다. 특히, 내열 분산상은 가급적 미세하여야 하며, 내마모 입자는 적정한 크기, 즉, 5㎛ 이내의 크기정도로 균일하게 분포되어야 우수한 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금이라 할 수 있다.Heat-resistant and abrasion-resistant aluminum alloys are aluminum alloys containing a large amount of dispersed phases suitable for heat resistance and particles suitable for abrasion resistance properties, and their properties depend on the shape, size, and distribution tendency of the dispersed phases and particles distributed in the alloy. In general, in order to improve the heat resistance property, a dispersed phase having excellent thermal stability such as Al-TM (transition metal) -based intermetallic compound should be distributed in a large amount in the base material, and in order to improve wear resistance, high hardness such as Si Particles should be formed in the substrate. In particular, the heat-resistant dispersed phase should be as fine as possible, and wear-resistant particles may be referred to as excellent heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloys if they are uniformly distributed in an appropriate size, that is, within a size of about 5 μm.
종래의 알루미늄 합금은 그 제조방법에 따라 주조 합금, 급냉응고/분말야금 합금, 그리고 분무성형 합금으로 구분된다.Conventional aluminum alloys are classified into cast alloys, quench solidification / powder metallurgy alloys, and spray-molded alloys according to their production methods.
먼저, 주조법의 특징은 제조단가는 저렴하지만, 응고속도가 매우 느리기 때문에, 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금을 주조법으로 제조하면 내열 분산상 및 내마모 입자가 수십 ㎛ 이상으로 조대하게 분포되므로 내열 특성 및 내마모 특성이 매우 취약하다는 문제점을 나타낸다.First of all, the casting method is characterized by low manufacturing cost but very low solidification rate. Therefore, when the heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy is manufactured by casting, the heat-dissipating phase and wear-resistant particles are coarsely distributed to several tens of micrometers or more. This indicates that the property is very fragile.
급냉응고/분말야금법은 제조단가는 매우 고가이나, 응고속도가 매우 빠르므로, 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금을 분말야금법으로 제조하면, 모재 내에는 1 ㎛ 이하의 내열 분산상과 수 ㎛ 의 내마모 입자가 균일하게 분포되는 특징을 나타낸다.In the quench solidification / powder metallurgy method, the manufacturing cost is very expensive, but the solidification rate is very fast. It is characterized by the uniform distribution of particles.
그러나 분말야금법으로 알루미늄 합금을 제조하기 위해서는 분말의 제조, 입도분류, 캐닝(canning), 탈가스처리, 성형공정, 소결공정 등 복잡한 제조공정을 거쳐야 하며, 특히, 대기나 습기에 노출된 알루미늄 분말은 표면에 알루미늄 산화물 층을 형성하기 때문에 각 제조공정과 관련된 분위기 제어도 완벽하여야 한다. 따라서 복잡한 제조공정과 까다로운 공정제어로 인해 분말야금법으로 제조된 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금은 제조단가가 매우 높다는 문제점을 지닌다.However, in order to manufacture aluminum alloy by powder metallurgy, complex manufacturing process such as powder manufacturing, particle size classification, canning, degassing, forming process, and sintering process must be performed. Especially, aluminum powder exposed to air or moisture Since the aluminum oxide layer is formed on the silver surface, the atmosphere control associated with each manufacturing process must also be perfect. Therefore, the heat-resistant, wear-resistant aluminum alloy manufactured by powder metallurgy due to complicated manufacturing process and difficult process control has a problem in that the manufacturing cost is very high.
분무성형법은 분말야금법과 일반 주조법의 잇점을 동시에 지닌 합금제조공정으로서, 통상의 분무성형 합금의 경우 제조단가 면에서는 일반 주조재와 그리고 특성면에서는 분말야금재와 견줄 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 연유로 종래에는 분무성형법을 이용한 내마모 알루미늄 합금 및 내열 알루미늄 합금 개발에 대한 공정이 활발히 진행되었으며, 최근에는 내열 특성과 내마모 특성을 겸비한 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금 개발에 대한 논의가 활기를 띠고 있다. 그러나 분무성형법의 냉각속도는 급냉응고/분말야금법에 비해 102~103℃/sec정도 낮기 때문에, 내열 분산상과 내마모 입자의 미세화가 한정되는 문제점이 있다.The spray molding method is an alloy manufacturing process having the advantages of powder metallurgy and general casting, and it is known that a conventional spray molding alloy can be compared with general cast material in terms of manufacturing cost and powder metallurgy in terms of properties. For this reason, the process for the development of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy using the spray molding method has been actively progressed in recent years. have. However, the cooling rate of the spray molding method is about 10 2 ~ 10 3 ℃ / sec lower than the quench solidification / powder metallurgy method, there is a problem that the miniaturization of the heat-resistant dispersed phase and wear-resistant particles.
본 발명은 상기한 실정을 감안하여 종래 알루미늄 합금 제조방법이 갖는 문제점들을 감안하여 해결하고자 한 것으로, 분무성형법을 이용하여 종래의 Al-(12~35wt%)Si-(2~15wt%)(Fe+V)합금에 Ti을 첨가하여 미세한 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상이 균일하게 분포하는 조직을 유도함으로써 내열 및 내마모성이 우수한 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금의 제조방법을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances and solved in view of the problems of the conventional aluminum alloy manufacturing method, by using the spray molding method of the conventional Al- (12 ~ 35wt%) Si- (2 ~ 15wt%) (Fe It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a heat-resistant and abrasion-resistant aluminum alloy having excellent heat resistance and abrasion resistance by inducing a structure in which fine wear particles and a heat resistant dispersed phase are uniformly distributed by adding Ti to a + V) alloy.
도 1a와 도 1b는 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금 분무성형체의 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상조직을 보여주는 단면조직 현미경사진으로서,1A and 1B are cross-sectional tissue micrographs showing wear-resistant particles and a heat-resistant dispersed phase structure of a heat-resistant and abrasion-resistant aluminum alloy spray molded body,
도 1a는 비교재인 타이타늄 무첨가 분무성형체( x 500)이고,Figure 1a is a comparative titanium free spray molding (x 500),
도 1b는 본 발명의 타이타늄 첨가 분무성형체( x 1000)이다.Figure 1b is a titanium addition spray molding (x 1000) of the present invention.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 분무성형법을 이용하여 알루미늄 합금을 제조함에 있어서, Al-(12~35wt%)Si-(2~15wt%)(Fe+V)합금에 Ti을 첨가한 모합금을 제조하는 단계와; 상기 제조된 모합금을 분무주조장치에서 재용해한 후, 그 용융물을 분무하여 분무성형체를 제조하는 단계와; 상기 제조된 분무성형체를 열간 또는 냉간가공하는 단계로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, in the production of aluminum alloy by spray molding method, the addition of Ti to the Al- (12 ~ 35wt%) Si- (2 ~ 15wt%) (Fe + V) alloy Preparing an alloy; Dissolving the prepared master alloy in a spray casting apparatus, and then spraying the melt to prepare a spray molded body; It characterized by consisting of a hot or cold working step of the prepared spray molded body.
이때, Al-(12~35wt%)Si-(2~15wt%)(Fe+V)합금에 Ti을 첨가한 모합금을 제조하는 단계와 상기 제조된 모합금을 분무주조장치에서 재용해한 후, 그 용융물을 분무하여 분무성형체를 제조하는 단계에서, 상기 모합금은 Al-(12~35wt%)Si-(2~15wt%)(Fe+V)합금에 타이타늄을 0.1~5.0wt% 첨가한 것이 사용되고, 상기 모합금 용융물의 온도는 900~1400 ℃에서 유지되게 된다.At this time, the step of preparing a master alloy to which Ti is added to the Al- (12 ~ 35wt%) Si- (2 ~ 15wt%) (Fe + V) alloy and re-dissolve the prepared master alloy in the spray casting apparatus In the step of preparing a spray molded product by spraying the melt, the master alloy is obtained by adding 0.1 to 5.0 wt% of titanium to Al- (12 to 35 wt%) Si- (2 to 15 wt%) (Fe + V) alloy. It is used, the temperature of the master alloy melt is maintained at 900 ~ 1400 ℃.
그 다음, 상기 제조된 분무성형체를 열간 또는 냉간가공하는 단계에서, 상기 열간가공은 250~550 ℃의 온도범위에서 행해지고, 상기 냉간가공은 상온~150 ℃의 온도범위에서 행해진다. 또한, 상기 열간 또는 냉간가공은 단조비 6이상으로 행하는 단조과정으로 행해지거나, 압하율이 50%이상인 압연과정으로 행해지거나, 또는 압출비가 10:1이상인 압출과정에 의해 행해지게 된다.Then, in the hot or cold working step of the prepared spray molded body, the hot working is performed at a temperature range of 250 ~ 550 ℃, the cold working is performed at a temperature range of room temperature ~ 150 ℃. In addition, the hot or cold working may be performed by a forging process performed at a forging ratio of 6 or more, a rolling process having a rolling reduction of 50% or more, or an extrusion process having an extrusion ratio of 10: 1 or more.
이하 본 발명, 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금 제조방법을 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention, a heat-resistant, wear-resistant aluminum alloy manufacturing method will be described in detail.
본 발명은 분무성형법으로 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금을 제조하는 방법에 있어서, Al-(12~35wt%)Si-(2~15wt%)(Fe+V)합금에 Ti을 0.1~5.0wt% 첨가한 모합금을 미리 제조하고 나서, 이를 분무성형장치에 장착된 용해설비로 재용해한 후, 상기 용융물의 가스분사에 의해 분무성형체를 얻고, 이 성형체를 냉간가공 또는 열간가공하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention is a method for producing a heat-resistant, wear-resistant aluminum alloy by spray molding method, 0.1 to 5.0wt% of Ti to Al- (12 ~ 35wt%) Si- (2 ~ 15wt%) (Fe + V) alloy After preparing a mother alloy in advance and dissolving it in a dissolution facility mounted on the spray molding apparatus, a spray molded body is obtained by gas spraying of the melt, and the molded body is cold worked or hot worked.
이때 상기 모합금의 각 성분조성은 편석을 방지하고 내열 분산상과 내마모 입자가 모재 내에 균일하게 분포되도록 제어된다.At this time, each component composition of the master alloy is controlled to prevent segregation and uniformly distribute the heat-dissipating phase and the wear-resistant particles in the base material.
상기 규소(Si)는 내마모 향상에 필수적인 원소로서, 알루미늄에 대한 공정조성이 12wt%이상의 규소를 첨가하면 초정 규소입자가 형성되어 내마모성 향상에 기여하지만, 규소량이 과다하면 제조방법에 관계없이 조대한 규소 초정상이 형성되므로, 12~35wt% 범위로 조절되어야 한다.Silicon (Si) is an essential element for improving abrasion resistance, and when silicon having a process composition of 12 wt% or more is added, primary silicon particles are formed to contribute to improved abrasion resistance, but when the amount of silicon is excessive, it is coarse regardless of the manufacturing method. Since the silicon superphase is formed, it should be controlled in the range of 12 to 35wt%.
상기 철(Fe)과 바나듐(V)은 알루미늄과 결합하여 내열 분산상을 형성하는 원소로서, 부족하면 내열특성이 저하되며, 과하면 조대한 평형상이 형성되므로 Fe+V함량은 0.5~15.0wt% 범위로 조절되어야 한다.The iron (Fe) and vanadium (V) are elements that combine with aluminum to form a heat resistant dispersed phase. When insufficient, the heat resistance is degraded. When the iron and Fe are excessively coarse, coarse equilibrium forms, so that the Fe + V content is in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 wt%. It must be adjusted.
상기 타이타늄(Ti)은 규소 초정입자의 미세화와 내열 분산상의 미세화 및 열적 안정성 향상을 위해 첨가하는 원소로서, 미량 첨가하여도 그 효과가 뛰어나며 과하면 조대한 타이타늄 화합물이 형성되므로 0.1~5.0wt%로 조절하여야 한다.The titanium (Ti) is an element added to refine the silicon primary particles, to refine the heat-dissipating phase and to improve the thermal stability. The effect is excellent even when a small amount is added, and when coarse, a coarse titanium compound is formed so as to be adjusted to 0.1 to 5.0 wt%. shall.
상기한 바와 같은 조성을 갖는 모합금을 미리 제조한 후, 이를 분무성형장치에 장착된 용해장비로 900~1400 ℃의 온도범위에서 재용해한 후, 가스분무하여 분무성형체를 제조한다. 그리고 제조된 분무성형체의 특성향상을 위해 열간 또는 냉간가공한다.After preparing the master alloy having the composition as described above in advance, and dissolving it in a temperature range of 900 ~ 1400 ℃ with a dissolution equipment mounted on the spray molding apparatus, by spraying gas to prepare a spray molded body. And hot or cold working to improve the properties of the prepared spray moldings.
상기 방법으로 제조된 본 발명 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금은 모재 내에 5 ㎛ 이하의 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상이 균일하게 분포하게 되므로, 자동차를 비롯한 각종 운송기기의 엔진소재로 활용될 수 있다.The heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy of the present invention manufactured by the above method is uniformly distributed in the base material with wear-resistant particles and heat-resistant dispersed phase of 5 μm, and thus can be utilized as an engine material of various transportation equipment including automobiles.
이하, 실시예를 통해 본 발명을 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
Al-25wt%Si-5wt%Fe-2wt%V-2wt%Ti 합금과 Al-25wt%Si-5wt%Fe-2wt%V 합금을 대기유도용해로에서 용해한 후, 분무성형장치를 이용하여 각 분무성형체를 제조하였다. 타이타늄이 첨가되지 않은 알루미늄 합금은 비교재로 준비하였다.After dissolving Al-25wt% Si-5wt% Fe-2wt% V-2wt% Ti alloy and Al-25wt% Si-5wt% Fe-2wt% V alloy in the air induction furnace, spray spraying apparatus was used for each spray molding. Was prepared. Aluminum alloy without added titanium was prepared as a comparative material.
한편, 상기의 분무성형체는 375oC에서 25:1의 압출비로 압출하였다.On the other hand, the spray molded product was extruded at an extrusion ratio of 25: 1 at 375 ° C.
도 1a와 도 1b는 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금 분무성형체의 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상조직을 보여주는 단면조직 현미경사진으로서, 도 1a는 비교재인 타이타늄 무첨가 분무성형체( x 500)이고, 도 1b는 본 발명의 타이타늄 첨가 분무성형체( x 1000)이다.Figures 1a and 1b is a cross-sectional micrograph showing the wear-resistant particles and heat-dissipating dispersed phase structure of the heat-resistant, wear-resistant aluminum alloy spray molded body, Figure 1a is a comparative titanium-free spray molded (x 500), Figure 1b is the present invention Titanium-added sprayed molded product (x 1000).
타이타늄 무첨가 합금의 분무성형체는 10~20 ㎛ 정도의 조대한 내마모 규소입자와 내열 분산상으로 구성된 성형체 조직을 띠고 있으나, 타이타늄 첨가 합금의 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상은 각각 5 ㎛와 2 ㎛ 이내로 미세하고 균일하게 제어된 조직을 보여주었다.The spray molded body of the titanium-free alloy has a compact structure composed of coarse wear-resistant silicon particles and heat-dissipating phases of about 10 to 20 μm, but the wear-resistant particles and heat-dissipating phases of the titanium-added alloys are fine within 5 μm and 2 μm, respectively. The uniformly controlled tissue was shown.
하기의 표 1은 타이타늄 첨가 합금과 타이타늄 무첨가 합금의 인장특성 및 내마모특성을 나타낸 것이다.Table 1 below shows the tensile and wear resistance properties of the titanium-added alloy and the titanium-free alloy.
상기 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 미세조직 관찰결과로부터 예측한 대로 타이타늄 첨가 합금의 인장특성 및 내마모특성은 타이타늄 무첨가 합금에 비해 2배 가까이 향상되었다.As shown in Table 1, the tensile and abrasion resistance of the titanium-added alloy were improved by almost twice as compared to the titanium-free alloy as predicted from the microstructure observation results.
이상의 결과로부터 타이타늄 첨가 합금은 타이타늄 무첨가 합금에 비해 내마모 규소입자와 내열 분산상이 1/2이상 미세화된 조직을 띠고 있으며, 이로 인해 내열 및 상온 인장특성과 내마모성이 월등히 향상된 기계적 특성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.From the above results, the titanium-added alloy had a structure in which the wear-resistant silicon particles and the heat-dissipating phase were finer than that of the titanium-free alloy, and thus exhibited significantly improved heat and room temperature tensile properties and abrasion resistance. there was.
본 발명에 의한 방법으로 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금을 제조할 경우, 미세한 내마모 입자와 내열 분산상이 균일하게 분포하는 조직이 유도되어 내열특성 및 내마모성이 향상된 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금을 저렴한 가격으로 제조할 수 있다. 이러한 내열, 내마모 알루미늄 합금은 자동차를 비롯한 운송기기의 엔진재료 및 각종 산업기기의 부품소재 등에 이용되고 있어 본 발명이 주는 산업상의 효과는 크다고 할 것이다.When manufacturing heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloys by the method of the present invention, a structure in which fine abrasion particles and a heat-disperse dispersed phase are uniformly induced to produce heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloys having improved heat resistance and wear resistance at a low price. can do. Such heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloys are used in engine materials of automobiles and other transportation equipment and parts materials of various industrial equipments, and thus the industrial effect of the present invention is great.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100446680B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-09-01 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloys having high wear resistance and high heat resistance |
| US7579071B2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2009-08-25 | Korea Polyol Co., Ltd. | Polishing pad containing embedded liquid microelements and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN111250708A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | 广西科技大学 | Wear-resistant bushing for excavator and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100446680B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-09-01 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloys having high wear resistance and high heat resistance |
| US7579071B2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2009-08-25 | Korea Polyol Co., Ltd. | Polishing pad containing embedded liquid microelements and method of manufacturing the same |
| US7754118B2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2010-07-13 | Hyun Huh | Polishing pad containing embedded liquid microelements and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN111250708A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | 广西科技大学 | Wear-resistant bushing for excavator and preparation method thereof |
| CN111250708B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-12-24 | 广西科技大学 | Wear-resistant bushing for excavator and preparation method thereof |
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