KR102799659B1 - 배기 시스템용 아산화질소 제거 촉매 - Google Patents
배기 시스템용 아산화질소 제거 촉매 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102799659B1 KR102799659B1 KR1020187003182A KR20187003182A KR102799659B1 KR 102799659 B1 KR102799659 B1 KR 102799659B1 KR 1020187003182 A KR1020187003182 A KR 1020187003182A KR 20187003182 A KR20187003182 A KR 20187003182A KR 102799659 B1 KR102799659 B1 KR 102799659B1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 지지된 Rh 촉매 샘플 1, 샘플 2 및 샘플 3에 대한 희박/풍부 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 시간을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 2는 지지된 Rh 촉매 샘플 1, 샘플 4 및 샘플 5에 대한 희박/풍부 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 시간을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 3은 지지된 Rh 촉매 샘플 1, 샘플 6 및 샘플 7에 대한 희박/풍부 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 시간을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 4는 지지된 Rh 촉매 샘플 1, 샘플 8, 샘플 9 및 샘플 10에 대한 희박/풍부 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 시간을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 5는 지지된 Rh (1 wt%) 촉매에 대한 λ=1 교란(perturbation) 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 온도를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 6은 지지된 Rh (0.1 wt%) 촉매에 대한 λ=1 교란 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 온도를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 7은 지지된 Pd (1 wt%) 촉매에 대한 λ=1 교란 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 온도를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 8은 지지된 Pd (5 wt%) 촉매에 대한 λ=1 교란 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 온도를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 9는 지지된 Pt (1 wt%) 촉매에 대한 λ=1 교란 조건 하 N2O 전환율 (%) 대 온도를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 10 내지 17은 다양한 지지체 상의 1% Rh의 샘플의 X-선 회절 (XRD) 스펙트럼을 제공하고;
도 18은 시뮬레이션된 가솔린 차 엔진 작동 및 배기 조건에 대한 온도 (℃) 및 A/F (람다) 대 시간의 과도 트레이스(trace)를 나타내고;
도 19는 예시적 TWC + N2O 촉매 및 비교 TWC-단독 촉매에 대한 누적 N2O 배출 대 시간의 그래프를 나타내고;
도 20은 N2O 촉매를 포함한 예시적 가솔린 TWC 배기 시스템의 흐름도를 제공하고;
도 21은 N2O 촉매를 포함한 예시적 GDI 배기 시스템의 흐름도를 제공하고;
도 22는 N2O 촉매를 포함한 예시적 디젤 LNT 배기 시스템의 흐름도를 제공하고;
도 23은 N2O 촉매를 포함한 예시적 디젤 DOC 배기 시스템의 흐름도를 제공하고;
도 24 내지 26은 관통형 기재 상의 TWC 촉매 및 N2O 촉매를 포함하는 예시적 층상 및/또는 구역화된 복합체를 도시하고;
도 27 및 28은 TWC 촉매 및 N2O 촉매를 포함하는 예시적 가솔린 미립자 필터를 도시하고;
도 29 내지 34는 관통형 기재 상의 디젤 LNT 또는 SCR 촉매 및 N2O 촉매의 예시적 층 및/또는 구역화된 복합체를 도시하며;
도 35 및 36은 LNT 또는 SCR 촉매 및 N2O 촉매를 갖는 예시적 디젤 미립자 필터를 도시한다.
Claims (25)
- 화학량론적인 또는 주기적 풍부 과도 변동적용(periodic rich transient excursion)을 갖는 희박인 조건 하에 작동하는 내연 엔진의 배기 스트림의 처리를 위한 아산화질소 (N2O) 제거 촉매 복합체이며, 상기 촉매 복합체는
캐리어 상의 N2O 제거 촉매 물질을 포함하고, 촉매 물질은, 단일 상의 입방 플루오라이트(fluorite) 결정 구조를 갖는 세리아-함유 지지체 상에 지지된 백금족 금속 (PGM) 성분을 포함하며, 여기서 N2O 제거 촉매 물질은 배기 스트림 내 N2O를 질소 (N2) 및 산소 (O2)로 분해하거나 또는 N2O를 N2 및 물 (H2O) 또는 이산화탄소 (CO2)로 환원시키는데 효과적이고,
여기서 세리아-함유 지지체는 적어도 0.20 cm3/g의 세공 부피를 갖고,
여기서 PGM 성분은 로듐 성분, 팔라듐 성분, 백금 성분, 또는 그의 조합을 포함하고, PGM 성분은 세리아-함유 지지체의 0.01 중량% 내지 5 중량%의 양으로 세리아-함유 지지체 상에 존재하고,
여기서 상기 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체는 세리아-함유 지지체의 0.001 중량% 내지 10 중량%의 양의, PGM 성분과 상이한 프로모터 금속을 추가로 포함하며, 상기 프로모터 금속은 구리 (Cu), 망가니즈 (Mn), 철 (Fe), 코발트 (Co), 니켈 (Ni), 바나듐 (V), 크로뮴 (Cr), 아연 (Zn) 및 주석 (Sn)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 비금속(卑金屬, base metal); 및 은 (Ag), 이리듐 (Ir) 및 루테늄 (Ru)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 추가의 백금족 금속 성분을 포함하고,
여기서 세리아-함유 지지체는 적어도 90 중량%의 세리아 및 최대 10 중량%의, PGM 성분과 상이한 프로모터 금속을 포함하는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체. - 제1항에 있어서, 세리아-함유 지지체가, 희박 및 풍부 교대 공급 하에 950℃에서 20시간 동안 노화 후 적어도 10 m2/g의 BET 표면적을 갖는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체.
- 제2항에 있어서, 세리아-함유 지지체의 BET 표면적이 10 내지 100 m2/g인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 세리아-함유 지지체가 0.517 내지 0.541 nm 범위의 X-선 회절 (XRD) 격자 파라미터 a0을 갖는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서, 세리아-함유 지지체가, 지르코니아, 프라세오디미아, 란타나, 네오디미아, 이트리아, 사마리아 및 가돌리니아로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 산화물 및 세리아를 포함하는 고용체 형태의 혼합 금속 산화물을 포함하는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체.
- 제5항에 있어서, 혼합 금속 산화물이 중량 기준으로
5% 내지 95%의 양의 세리아;
5% 내지 95%의 양의 지르코니아; 및
0% 내지 20%의 양의 프라세오디미아, 란타나, 네오디미아, 이트리아, 사마리아 및 가돌리니아 중 하나 이상
을 포함하는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체. - 제1항에 있어서, 캐리어가 관통형(flow-through) 기재 또는 벽-유동형(wall-flow) 필터를 포함하는 것인 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체.
- 화학량론적인 또는 주기적 풍부 과도 변동적용을 갖는 희박인 조건 하에 작동하는 내연 엔진의 배기 스트림의 처리를 위한 배출물 처리 시스템이며,
배기 매니폴드를 통해 내연 엔진과 유체 소통하는 배기 도관;
처리 촉매; 및
제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체
를 포함하는 배출물 처리 시스템. - 제8항에 있어서, 처리 촉매가, 3원 전환 (TWC) 촉매, 희박 NOx 트랩 (LNT), 또는 선택적 촉매 환원 (SCR) 촉매를 포함하는 질소 산화물 처리 촉매를 포함하는 것인 배출물 처리 시스템.
- 제8항에 있어서, 처리 촉매가 디젤 산화 촉매 (DOC)를 포함하는 것인 배출물 처리 시스템.
- 제8항에 있어서, N2O 제거 촉매 복합체 및 처리 촉매가 캐리어 상에 별도의 층 또는 구역으로서 피착된 것인 배출물 처리 시스템.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상부에 처리 촉매가 위치한 제2 캐리어를 추가로 포함하는 배출물 처리 시스템.
- 교란된 화학량론적인 또는 주기적 풍부 과도 변동적용을 갖는 희박인 조건 하에 작동하는 내연 엔진의 배기 스트림의 배기 가스를 처리하는 방법이며,
탄화수소, 일산화탄소, 및 질소 산화물을 포함한 배기 스트림을 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 N2O 제거 촉매 복합체와 접촉시키는 것을 포함하는 방법. - 제13항에 있어서, 내연 엔진 작동 조건이 제1 지속시간 동안의 환원 조건에 이어 제2 지속시간 동안의 희박 작동 조건을 포함하며, 여기서 제2 지속시간은 제1 지속시간보다 적어도 2배 더 길고, 제2 지속시간 동안, 접촉 단계는 배기 가스 스트림 내 N2O의 적어도 90%의 전환을 초래하는 것인 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, N2O 제거 촉매 복합체가 200℃ 내지 500℃의 온도에 있는 것인 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, N2O 제거 촉매 복합체가 200℃ 내지 500℃의 온도에 있는 것인 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서, 접촉 단계가 400℃ 이하의 온도에 있는 것인 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 제1 지속시간이 0.25 내지 30초이고, 제2 지속시간이 1 내지 30분인 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, N2O 제거 촉매 복합체가, 희박 NOx 트랩 또는 3원 전환 (TWC) 촉매를 포함하는 배기 가스 처리 시스템에 포함되며, 여기서 배기 가스 처리 시스템은 질소 산화물 (NOx) 제어를 위해 풍부 조건을 주기적으로 필요로 하는 것인 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, N2O 제거 촉매 복합체가, 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매와 임의로 조합된 디젤 산화 촉매를 포함하는 배기 가스 처리 시스템에 포함되며, 여기서 내연 엔진 작동 조건은 N2O 제거를 위해 풍부 작동 기간을 포함하는 것인 방법.
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| PCT/US2016/040485 WO2017004414A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-06-30 | Nitrous oxide removal catalysts for exhaust systems |
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- 2016-06-30 KR KR1020187003182A patent/KR102799659B1/ko active Active
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| JP2018528847A (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
| KR20180015292A (ko) | 2018-02-12 |
| CA2991061A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
| MX2018000296A (es) | 2018-03-08 |
| US10260395B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
| US20180195425A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| RU2018103761A (ru) | 2019-08-01 |
| CN107921416B (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
| EP3317013A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
| BR112017028424B1 (pt) | 2021-11-03 |
| ZA201800580B (en) | 2022-08-31 |
| BR112017028424A2 (pt) | 2018-08-28 |
| WO2017004414A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
| RU2736939C2 (ru) | 2020-11-23 |
| RU2018103761A3 (ko) | 2019-10-07 |
| EP3317013A1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
| CN107921416A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
| JP7206045B2 (ja) | 2023-01-17 |
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