KR102736510B1 - 흑연 광물로부터 그래핀 시트의 직접 전기 화학적 생산 - Google Patents
흑연 광물로부터 그래핀 시트의 직접 전기 화학적 생산 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102736510B1 KR102736510B1 KR1020187025821A KR20187025821A KR102736510B1 KR 102736510 B1 KR102736510 B1 KR 102736510B1 KR 1020187025821 A KR1020187025821 A KR 1020187025821A KR 20187025821 A KR20187025821 A KR 20187025821A KR 102736510 B1 KR102736510 B1 KR 102736510B1
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- graphite
- graphene
- intercalation
- intercalated
- working electrode
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 323
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- -1 graphite compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical group NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001464 poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MZMNEDXVUJLQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-tert-butyl 2-o-methyl 4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C MZMNEDXVUJLQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HYISVWRHTUCNCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 HYISVWRHTUCNCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006091 1,3-dioxolane group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 34
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC=C BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWGVOCGNHYMDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propan-1-amine Chemical compound COCCOCCCN PWGVOCGNHYMDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- QILXPCHTWXAUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].NCCN Chemical compound [Na].NCCN QILXPCHTWXAUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010325 electrochemical charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- QBLFZIBJXUQVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 QBLFZIBJXUQVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexaphenylbenzene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QBHWPVJPWQGYDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/135—Carbon
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
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- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 흑연의 전기 화학적 층간삽입을 위한 장치의 개략도이다.
도 3a는 본 발명의 전기 화학적 층간삽입 방법에 의해 생산된 그래핀 시트의 SEM 이미지이다.
도 3b는 강한 황산 및 고도의 산화제를 이용하여 흑연의 통상적인 화학적 층간삽입 및 산화에 의해 생산된 그래핀 시트의 투과 전자 현미경 사진이다.
| 샘플 | 층간삽입제 | 습윤제 | 비표면적(㎡/g) | 주석 |
| P-1 | EC 중의 LiClO4 | 부재 | 720 | >65% 단층 |
| P-1-w | EC 중의 LiClO4 | 멜라민 | 824 | >80% 단층 |
| P-2 | EC 중의 NaClO4 | 부재 | 810 | >80% 단층 |
| P-2-w | EC 중의 NaClO4 | 멜라민 | 910 | >90% 단층 |
| P-3 | EC 중의 KClO4 | 부재 | 625 | >40% 단층 |
| P-3-w | EC 중의 KClO4 | 멜라민 | 690 | >60% 단층 |
| P-4 | EC 중의 (LiClO4 + NaClO4) | 부재 | 885 | >85% 단층 |
| P-4-w | EC 중의 (LiClO4 + NaClO4) | 소듐(에틸렌디아민) | 915 | >90% 단층 |
| P-5 | EC 중의 (LiClO4 + KClO4) | 부재 | 730 | >70% 단층 |
| P-5-w | EC 중의 (LiClO4 + KClO4) | 소듐(에틸렌디아민) | 823 | >80% 단층 |
| P-6 | NaClO4 + PC | 부재 | 683 | >60% 단층 |
| P-6-w | NaClO4 + PC | 헥사메틸렌 테트라민 | 810 | >80% 단층 |
| P-7 | LiClO4 + PC | 부재 | 640 | >50% 단층 |
| P-7-w | LiClO4 + PC | 헥사메틸렌 테트라민 | 756 | >70% 단층 |
| 샘플 | 용매 중의 알칼리 금속염 | 습윤제 | 비표면적(㎡/g) | 주석 |
| R-1 | LiPF6 + PC | 부재 | 712 | >65% 단층 |
| R-1-w | LiPF6 + PC | 테트라알킬암모늄 | 785 | >75% 단층 |
| R-2 | (LiPF6 + NaPF6) + PC | 부재 | 780 | >75% 단층 |
| R-2-w | (LiPF6 + NaPF6) + PC | 테트라알킬암모늄 | 854 | >85% 단층 |
| R-3 | LiBF4 + PC | 부재 | 670 | >60% 단층 |
| R-3-w | LiBF4 + PC | 카르바미드 | 740 | >70% 단층 |
| R-4 | LiTFSI + (PC + EC) | 부재 | 675 | >60% 단층 |
| R-4-w | LiTFSI + (PC + EC) | 카르바미드 | 766 | >70% 단층 |
| R-5 | LiPF6 + DOL | 부재 | 630 | >50% 단층 |
| R-5-w | LiPF6 + DOL | 유기 아민 | 722 | >65% 단층 |
| R-6 | LiPF6 + DME | 부재 | 665 | >60% 단층 |
| R-6-w | LiPF6 + DME | 유기 아민 | 776 | >75% 단층 |
| 샘플 | 전해질 수용액 | 습윤제 | 비표면적 (㎡/g) |
단층 또는 복층 그래핀 시트(1~10개의 층)의 비율(%) |
| C-1 | LiCl + 물 | 부재 | 310 | >35% |
| C-1-w | LiCl + 물 | 황산암모늄 | 425 | >60% |
| C-2 | LiI + 물 | 부재 | 225 | >20% |
| C-2-w | LiI + 물 | 황산암모늄 | 414 | >60% |
| C-3 | NaCl + 물 | 부재 | 210 | >15% |
| C-3-w | NaCl + 물 | 황산도데실나트륨 | 385 | >50% |
| C-4 | NaF + 물 | 부재 | 224 | >20% |
| C-4-w | NaF + 물 | 황산도데실나트륨 | 345 | >40% |
| C-5 | NaCl + LiCl + 물 | 부재 | 270 | >30% |
| C-5-w | NaCl + LiCl + 물 | 황산암모늄 | 356 | >40% |
| C-6 | ZnCl2 + 물 | 부재 | 202 | >15% |
| C-6-w | ZnCl2 + 물 | 암모니아 | 355 | >40% |
| C-7 | FeCl3 + 물 | 부재 | 330 | >35% |
| C-7-w | FeCl3 + 물 | 암모니아 | 450 | >60% |
Claims (26)
- 층간 간격을 갖는 육각형 탄소 원자 중간층을 내부에 함유하는 흑연 광물 분말의 공급분으로부터 단리된 그래핀 시트를 직접 생산하는 방법으로서, 상기 방법은,
(a) 층간삽입 반응기에서 수행되는 전기 화학적 층간삽입 절차에 의해 층간삽입된 흑연 화합물을 형성하는 단계로서, 상기 반응기는 (i) 내부에 용해된 층간삽입제 및 그래핀 평면 습윤제를 포함하는 액체 용액 전해질; (ii) 상기 액체 용액 전해질과 이온 접촉하는 활성 물질로서 상기 흑연 광물 분말을 함유하는 작업 전극; 및 (iii) 상기 액체 용액 전해질과 이온 접촉하는 상대 전극을 함유하고, 전류는 상기 층간삽입제 및/또는 상기 습윤제의 상기 층간 간격 내로의 전기 화학적 층간삽입을 구현하기에 충분한 기간 동안에 충분한 전류 밀도로 상기 작업 전극 및 상기 상대 전극에 인가되고, 상기 습윤제는 멜라민, 황산암모늄, 황산도데실나트륨, 테트라알킬암모늄, 암모니아, 카르바미드, 헥사메틸렌테트라민, 피렌, 1-피렌카르복실산, 1-피렌부티르산, 1-피렌아민, 폴리(소듐-4-스티렌 설포네이트) 또는 이들의 조합으로부터 선택되는 것인 단계; 및
(b) 상기 단리된 그래핀 시트를 생산하기 위해 초음파 처리(ultrasonication), 열충격 노출, 기계적 전단 처리 또는 이들의 조합을 이용하여 상기 층간삽입된 흑연 화합물로부터 상기 육각형 탄소 원자 중간층을 박리 및 분리하는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 층간삽입제는, 과염소산리튬과 과염소산나트륨의 혼합물 또는 과염소산리튬과 과염소산칼륨의 혼합물을 포함하는, 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 흑연 광물 분말의 복수의 입자는 상기 액체 용액 전해질 내에 분산되고, 작업 전극 구획 내에 분배되며, 이와 전기적으로 접촉하는 집전장치에 의해 지지되거나 담지되고, 여기서 상기 작업 전극 구획 및 그 상부에 지지되거나 그 내부에 담지된 상기 복수의 입자는 상기 상대 전극과는 전기적으로 접촉하지 않는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 복수의 입자는 함께 뭉쳐서 전자 전도 경로(electron-conducting pathway)의 네트워크를 형성하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 간헐적 또는 연속적으로 수행되고, 상기 반응기 내로의 상기 흑연 광물 분말 및 상기 액체 용액 전해질의 공급은 간헐적 또는 연속적으로 제공되는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 간헐적 또는 연속적으로 수행되고, 상기 작업 전극 구획 내로의 상기 흑연 광물 분말 및 상기 액체 용액 전해질의 공급은 간헐적 또는 연속적으로 제공되는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 흑연 광물 분말은 층상 흑연 물질을 20중량% 내지 97중량% 범위의 비율로 함유하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 흑연 광물 분말은 층상 흑연 물질을 30중량% 내지 90중량% 범위의 비율로 함유하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 작업 전극은 층간삽입될 전극 활성 물질로서 상기 흑연 광물 분말 외에는 기타 흑연 물질을 함유하지 않는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 작업 전극 구획 내의 상기 흑연 광물 분말은 액체 용액 전해질 내에 20중량% 초과의 농도로 분산되어 있는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 작업 전극 구획 내의 상기 흑연 광물 분말은 액체 용액 전해질 내에 40중량% 초과의 농도로 분산되어 있는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 작업 전극 구획 내의 상기 흑연 광물 분말은 액체 용액 전해질 내에 50중량% 초과의 농도로 분산되어 있는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기계적 전단 처리는 에어밀링(air milling), 에어 제트 밀링(air jet milling), 볼밀링(ball milling), 회전 블레이드에 의한 기계적 전단(rotating-blade mechanical shearing) 또는 이들의 조합의 가동을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 인가된 전류는 0.1 내지 600 A/㎡ 범위의 전류 밀도를 제공하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 인가된 전류는 1 내지 500 A/㎡ 범위의 전류 밀도를 제공하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 인가된 전류는 10 내지 300 A/㎡ 범위의 전류 밀도를 제공하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 열충격 노출은 상기 층간삽입된 흑연을 15초 내지 2분의 기간 동안 300~1,200℃ 범위의 온도까지 가열하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 단리된 그래핀 시트는 단층 그래핀을 함유하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 단리된 그래핀 시트는 2~10개의 육각형 탄소 원자 중간층 또는 그래핀 평면을 갖는 복층 그래핀을 함유하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전기 화학적 층간삽입은 상기 층간삽입제 및 상기 습윤제 둘 모두의 층간 간격 내로의 층간삽입을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 층간삽입된 흑연 화합물은 1단계 흑연 층간삽입 화합물, 2단계 흑연 층간삽입 화합물 또는 1단계 및 2단계 흑연 층간삽입 화합물의 조합을 함유하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 층간삽입된 그래핀 시트를 수득하기 위해 전기 화학적 또는 화학적 층간삽입 방법을 이용하여 상기 단리된 그래핀 시트를 다시 층간삽입하는 단계 및 단층 그래핀 시트를 생산하기 위해 초음파 처리, 열충격 노출, 수용액에 대한 노출, 기계적 전단 처리 또는 이들의 조합을 이용하여 상기 층간삽입된 그래핀 시트를 박리 및 분리하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 층간삽입제는 인산(H3PO4)과 디클로로아세트산(Cl2CHCOOH)으로부터 선택된 브뢴스테드산, 또는 메탄설폰산(MeSO3H), 에탄설폰산(EtSO3H) 또는 1-프로판설폰산(n-PrSO3H)으로부터 선택된 알킬설폰산 또는 이들의 조합으로부터 선택된 종을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 층간삽입제는 금속 할로겐화물을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 층간삽입제는 MCl(M = Li, Na, K, Cs), MCl2(M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn), MCl3(M = Al, Fe, Ga), MCl4(M = Zr, Pt), MF2(M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn), MF3(M = Al, Fe, Ga), MF4(M = Zr, Pt) 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 금속 할로겐화물을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 층간삽입제는 1,3-디옥솔란(DOL), 1,2-디메톡시에탄(DME), 테트라에틸렌글리콜 디메틸에테르(TEGDME), 폴리(에틸렌글리콜)디메틸에테르(PEGDME), 디에틸렌글리콜 디부틸에테르(DEGDBE), 2-에톡시에틸에테르(EEE), 설폰, 설포란(sulfolane), 에틸렌카보네이트(EC), 프로필렌카보네이트(PC), 디메틸카보네이트(DMC), 메틸에틸카보네이트(MEC), 디에틸카보네이트(DEC), 에틸프로피오네이트, 메틸프로피오네이트, 감마-부티로락톤(γ-BL), 아세토니트릴(AN), 에틸아세테이트(EA), 프로필포르메이트(PF), 메틸포르메이트(MF), 톨루엔, 크실렌, 메틸아세테이트(MA), 플루오로에틸렌카보네이트(FEC), 비닐렌카보네이트(VC), 알릴 에틸카보네이트(AEC), 하이드로플루오로에테르 또는 이들의 조합으로부터 선택된 유기 용매를 포함하는 것인 방법.
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| US14/998,944 US11247906B2 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | Electrochemical production of graphene sheets directly from graphite mineral |
| US14/998,944 | 2016-03-09 | ||
| PCT/US2017/017458 WO2017155665A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2017-02-10 | Electrochemical production of graphene sheets directly from graphite mineral |
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| KR102048631B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-27 | 2020-01-22 | 공주대학교 산학협력단 | 다량의 그래핀 박리 방법 |
| EP3650585A1 (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-13 | Fundació Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia | Electrolytic cell and procedure for the preparation of graphene by means of electrochemical exfoliation |
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