KR102358150B1 - Li2S-MaXb-P2S5 타입 고체 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리 - Google Patents
Li2S-MaXb-P2S5 타입 고체 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000717 platinum sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006124 glass-ceramic system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/14—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 합성 온도에 따른 각각의 이온 전도도를 측정한 결과 그래프이다.
도 3은 상온부터 100 ℃까지 In/ Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 /In pressure cell의 Z' 대 Z''를 측정한 결과 그래프이다.
도 4는 In/Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1/In pressure cell의 Logσ/S cm-1 대 1000 T-1/K-1의 Arrhenius plot에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
도 5는 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 고체 전해질에 대한 고전압 X-선 회절 패턴에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
도 6은 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 고체 전해질에 대한 784nm의 여기 파장을 갖는 라만 스펙트럼의 측정 결과 그래프이다.
도 7은 Pt 스퍼터링에 의한 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 전해질 (1㎛)의 전계 방출 주사 전자 현미경 (FE-SEM) 이미지이다.
도 8은 에너지 0 내지 700 eV 사이에서 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 전해질에 대한 X-선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 조사 스펙트럼에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
도 9는 1 mV s-1의 스캔 속도에서 -0.5 내지 5 V의 전기 화학 윈도우 사이의 Li/Li7Ag0.1P3S11I0.1/스테인리스 스틸 2032 타입 코인 셀의 순환 전압도이다.
도 10은 1 mA의 전압 인가시 Li/Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1/Li 2032 타입 코인 셀의 DC 편광 곡선이다.
도 11은 대기 중 Li7P3S11 및 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1 고체 전해질로부터의 H2S 방출양에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
도 12는 다양한 온도에서 소결된 AgX(X=Cl, Br 및 I)이 도핑된/혼합된 Li7P3S11 고체 전해질 성분의 이온 전도도에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
도 13은 대기 중 AgX (X=Cl, Br 및 I)이 도핑된/혼합된 Li7P3S11 고체 전해질 성분으로부터의 H2S 방출량에 대한 결과 그래프이다.
Claims (20)
- Li2S, P2S5 및 MaXb (M은 금속 원소 및 X는 할로겐 원소이며, a 및 b는 각각 0.01<a<5 및 0.01<b<5를 만족함)를 각각 준비하는 단계;
상기 준비된 Li2S, P2S5 및 MaX를 몰비(molar ratio)로 7 : 1 : 0.1, 0.2 또는 0.5로 용매에 혼합하여, 혼합물을 형성하는 단계;
상기 혼합물을 볼 밀링하여, 분말을 형성하는 단계;
상기 분말을 80 ℃ 내지 100 ℃의 온도 범위에서 12 시간 내지 24 시간 동안 가열하여 상기 분말을 건조하는 단계; 및
상기 건조된 분말을 240 ℃ 내지 300 ℃의 온도 범위에서 3 시간 내지 5 시간 동안 가열하여, 상기 건조된 분말을 소결하여, Li7M0.1P3S11X0.1를 포함하는 분말을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속은 Ag, Sn, Zn, Fe, Co, Sb 및 Cu으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 할로겐은 I, Br, 및 Cl으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 Li7M0 . 1P3S11X0 .1은 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1인 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 볼 밀링은 300 rpm 내지 500 rpm으로 10 시간 내지 24 시간 동안 수행되는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 볼 밀링에 의하여, 상기 혼합물은 비정질화되는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
Li7M0.1P3S11X0.1를 포함하는 분말을 형성하는 단계에서, 가열 속도는 1 ℃/분 내지 3 ℃/분인 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 소결에 의하여, Li7P3S11은 결정화되고, 상기 Li7P3S11에 1 M 이하의 AgI가 도핑되거나 삽입(intercalation)되는 황화물계 고체 전해질 조성물의 제조 방법. - Li2S-MaXb-P2S5 시스템(M은 금속 원소 및 X는 할로겐 원소)의 황화물계 고체 전해질로서,
Li7M0 . 1P3S11X0 . 1를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 금속은 Ag, Sn, Zn, Fe, Co, Sb 및 Cu으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 할로겐은 I, Br, 및 Cl으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 Li7M0 . 1P3S11X0 .1은 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 .1인 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 고체 전해질의 결정상은 Li7P3S11에 1 M 이하의 AgI가 도핑되거나 삽입(intercalation)되는 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 전해질은 상온에서 1 x 10-3 S/cm 이상의 이온 전도도를 갖는 황화물계 고체 전해질. - 애노드(anode);
청구항 10 항 내지 15 항 중 어느 한 항의 황화물계 고체 전해질; 및
캐소드(cathode)를 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리. - 제 16 항에 있어서,
상기 애노드는 인듐(In), 리튬(Li), 티타늄(Ti), 실리콘(Si), 및 주석(Sn)으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어된 하나를 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리. - 제 16 항에 있어서,
상기 캐소드는 S, LiCoO2, LiNi0 . 6Co0 . 2Mn0 . 2O2, 및 LiMn2O4으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어된 하나를 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리. - 제 18 항에 있어서,
상기 캐소드는 Li2S-MaXb-P2S5 시스템(M은 금속 원소 및 X는 할로겐 원소)의 황화물계 고체 전해질로서, Li7M0.1P3S11X0.1를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질 물질 및
활성 탄소, 도전재 및 ketjen black으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 전도성 물질을 추가로 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리. - 제 16 항에 있어서,
인듐(In)을 포함하는 애노드;
LiNi0 . 6Co0 . 2Mn0 . 2O2 캐소드; 및
상기 애노드와 캐소드 사이에 형성되는 Li7Ag0 . 1P3S11I0 . 1를 포함하는 황화물계 고체 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이온 배터리.
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