KR101939435B1 - Round steel material for cold forging - Google Patents

Abstract

A cold-rolled forging material excellent in cold-rolling after spheroidizing annealing is provided.
In the cold forging steel according to the present embodiment, the microstructure is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 탆, the percentage of the area occupied by the pearlite with the lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure is 20% . In the microstructure of the area from the surface to the radius x 0.15 depth, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is not more than 5 占 퐉 and the area ratio of the pearlite having the lamellar spacing of 200 nm in the microstructure of the region is 10 %, And the number of spherical cementites is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more.

Description

{ROUND STEEL MATERIAL FOR COLD FORGING}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flange member, and more particularly to a cold rolled forging member.

Structural steel steels are materials for mechanical structural parts such as parts for automobiles, parts for industrial machines, and parts for construction machines. As structural steel steels, carbon steel steels for mechanical structure and alloy steel steels for mechanical structure are used.

In order to manufacture parts from such a steel, conventionally, mainly a hot forging process and a cutting process have been carried out. However, in recent years, for the purpose of improving productivity, the production of parts by the cold forging process has been studied instead of such a process.

However, the degree of processing of cold forging is generally large. Therefore, it is a problem to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the steel material during cold forging, in other words, to raise the cold-rolling composition of the steel material.

When cold forging a carbon steel steel material for mechanical structure and an alloy steel steel for mechanical structure, softening annealing (hereinafter referred to as spheroidizing annealing) is generally performed on the hot-rolled steel material to increase the spheroidizing rate of the carbide. As a result, the hardness of the steel material is lowered, and a high cold-rolled steel composition is obtained. However, cracks may occur in cold forging even in a steel material subjected to spheroidizing annealing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-240940 (Patent Document 1), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-11575 (Patent Document 2), and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-214130 disclose a cold forging steel material having increased cold- (Patent Document 3).

The chemical composition of the cold forging wire rod disclosed in Patent Document 1 is 0.1 to 0.6% of C, 0.01 to 0.5% of Si, 0.2 to 1.7% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.15% of S, , Ni: not more than 3.5%, Cr: not more than 2%, Mo: not more than 1%, Nb: not more than 0.005 to not more than 0.1%, V: not more than 0.03% At least one of Ca: not more than 0.02%, Z: not more than 0.01%, Mg: not more than 0.035%, Y: not more than 0.1%, and rare earth element: not more than 0.15% 0.035% or less, and O: 0.003% or less, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. In the boiling filler material, the percent area of the structure of the ferrite in the region from the surface to the radius of the solidification material x 0.15 is 10% or less, and the remainder substantially consists of at least one of martensite, bainite and pearlite. Further, the average hardness of the region from the depth of the rod-like material radius x 0.5 to the center is more than 20 HV more than the average hardness of the surface layer (region from the surface to the radius of the rod-like material radius x 0.15).

The chemical composition of the mechanical steel bars and steel wires disclosed in Patent Document 2 is 0.1 to 0.5% of C, 0.01 to 0.15% of Si, 0.2 to 1.7% of Mn, 0.0005 to 0.05% of Al, 0.005 to 0.05% of Al, By mass, S: not more than 0.8% and not more than 0.3%, and more preferably not more than 0.3% and not more than 1.3%, based on the total amount of B: 0.001 to 0.07% 0.02% or less of P and 0.003% or less of O, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The microstructure of the steel bar and the steel wire is composed of ferrite and spherical carbide. The grain size of the ferrite is not less than 8 times, and the number of spherical carbides per 1 mm ^{2 of the} unit area is not more than 1.5 x 10 ⁶ x C% .

The chemical composition of the rolled steel for high frequency quenching disclosed in Patent Document 3 is 0.38 to 0.55% of C, 1.0% or less of Si, 0.20 to 2.0% of Mn, 0.020% or less of P, 0.10% or less of S 1.0% or less of Cu, 3.0% or less of Ni, 0.50% or less of Mo, 0.10% or less of Ti, 0.10 to 2.0% of Cr, 0.10% or less of Al and 0.004 to 0.03% (1/10) Si + (1/5) Mn + (5/22), and the balance of Fe and at least one of impurities, The value of Cr + 1.65 V- (5/7) S (where C, Si, Mn, Cr, V and S represent the content of each element in mass%) is 1.20 or less. Wherein the microstructure of the rolled steel is composed of ferrite, lamellar pearlite and spherical cementite, wherein the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 탆 or less and the lamellar pearlite having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the lamellar pearlite is 20 to 50% , And the number of spherical cementites is 4 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more.

In Patent Document 1, in order to increase ductility after spheroidizing annealing, the surface layer of the steel material after hot-rolling is a uniform fine structure such as a structure mainly composed of tempered martensite or a structure mainly composed of bainite. More specifically, quenching is carried out up to a temperature region far below the Ms point so that the surface layer region of the steel is made into a structure mainly composed of tempered martensite, or the cooling and the double heating are repeated a plurality of times, We assume organization as subject. In this case, since the steel material undergoes a volume change due to the transformation, when strict dimensional accuracy and straightness are required, drawing processing may have to be performed before spheroidizing annealing.

In Patent Document 2, a steel material having a surface temperature of A _{r 3} point to A _{r 3} point + 150 ° C is rolled. In Patent Document 2, A, if a rolled steel material of a surface temperature of less than _r3 point, when subjected to so-called rolling in the second sangyeok, mothayeo obtain a fine ferrite and pearlite, and is undesirable substrate. However, when rolling is performed at a temperature range from A _{r 3} point to A _{r 3} point + 150 ° C, fine ferrite can not be obtained, and the proportion of pearlite in the steel may be increased. Therefore, there is a case where the cold-rolled steel of the steel material after the spheroidizing annealing is low.

The rolled steel material disclosed in Patent Document 3 is suitable for use as a material for parts such as a rack bar in which bending strength and impact characteristics are required after high-frequency quenching is performed. However, in the rolled steel, the ratio of lamellar pearlite having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the entire microstructure of the lamellar pearlite is as large as 20 to 50%. Therefore, even if the rolled steel material is spheroidized and annealed, it is not necessarily sufficiently softened, and excellent cold step required for a cold forging steel material may not be obtained.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-240940 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-11575 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-214130

An object of the present invention is to provide a cold-rolled forging material excellent in cold-rolling after spheroidizing annealing.

The cold forging steel according to the present embodiment comprises 0.15 to 0.60% of C, 0.01 to 0.5% of Si, 0.1 to 2.0% of Mn, 0.035% or less of P, 0.050% or less of S, : 0.050% or less, Cr: 0.02 to 0.5%, N: 0.003 to 0.030%, Cu: 0 to 0.5%, Ni: 0 to 0.3%, Mo: 0 to 0.3% To 0.0035% of Nb, 0 to 0.050% of Nb, and 0 to 0.2% of Ti, with the balance of Fe and impurities. The microstructure of the cold forging steel material is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite, wherein the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 탆 or less and the percentage of the area occupied by the pearlite having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure is less than 20%. The ratio of the area occupied by pearlite having an average crystal grain size of ferrite of 5 탆 or less and a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure in the area from the surface to the radius of 0.15 in the cold forging steel ingot 10% or less, and the number of spherical cementites is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more.

The cold forging steel material according to the present embodiment is excellent in cold-rolling after spheroidizing annealing.

1 is a schematic diagram of a pearlite colony.
2A is a plan view of a test piece used in the cold forging test of the embodiment.
Fig. 2B is a front view of the test piece shown in Fig. 2A.

Hereinafter, the cold forging cold forging material of this embodiment will be described in detail. In the following description, the "%" of the content of each element means "% by mass".

The present inventors have conducted various studies to solve the above problems. As a result, the present inventors have found the following (A) to (C).

(A) By increasing the spheroidization ratio of the steel material after the spheroidizing annealing, the cold step is increased. When the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure is 10 탆 or less, the diffusion distance of C in the steel at the time of spheroidizing annealing is shortened because the structure before spheroidization annealing is a mixed structure of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite. Therefore, in the spheroidizing annealing, the cementite in the pearlite is easily spheroidized, and the spheroidization ratio (the ratio of the number of spherical cementites to the number of cementites in the steel) is increased.

(B) If the ratio of pearlite having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less (hereinafter, referred to as " fine pearlite ") in the microstructure is large, softening after spheroidizing annealing may be insufficient. If the ratio of the area occupied by the fine perlite in the microstructure is less than 20%, the steel material after the spheroidizing annealing is sufficiently softened, and the cold step composition of the steel material becomes high.

(C) Cracking during cold forging occurs from the surface layer of steel. In the case of a flanged steel, cold forging cracks are unlikely to occur in the surface layer at least when the spheroidization ratio of a region (hereinafter referred to as surface layer region) from the surface to a radius of x 0.15 depth is increased. In the micro-structure of the surface layer region, and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite 5μm or less, the area percentage of micro-structure of the surface area of the fine pearlite is less than 10%, the number of spherical cementite 1.0 × 10 ⁵ gae / mm ² or more , The spheroidizing ratio of the surface layer region is increased and the cold step composition is higher.

The cold rolled steel forging according to the present embodiment completed on the basis of the knowledge of (A) to (C) comprises 0.15 to 0.60% of C, 0.01 to 0.5% of Si, 0.1 to 2.0% of Mn, , P: not more than 0.035%, S: not more than 0.050%, Al: not more than 0.050%, Cr: not more than 0.02 to 0.5%, N: 0.003 to 0.030%, Cu: 0 to 0.5% 0 to 0.3% of V, 0 to 0.3% of B, 0 to 0.0035% of B, 0 to 0.050% of Nb and 0 to 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Fe and impurities. The microstructure of the cold forging steel material is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite, wherein the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 탆 or less and the percentage of the area occupied by the pearlite having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure is less than 20%. The pearlite having an average crystal grain size of ferrite of 5 탆 or less and a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less occupies an area occupied by the microstructure of the region in the microstructure of the region from the surface to the radius of 0.15 of the cold forging steel ingot, The ratio is less than 10%, and the number of spherical cementites is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more.

Wherein the cold forging steel material is one selected from the group consisting of 0.05 to 0.5% of Cu, 0.05 to 0.3% of Ni, 0.05 to 0.3% of Mo, 0.05 to 0.3% of V, and 0.0005 to 0.0035% of B, Or two or more species.

The cold forging steel material may contain one or two kinds selected from the group consisting of 0.005 to 0.050% of Nb and 0.005 to 0.2% of Ti.

Hereinafter, the cold forging cold forging material according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

[Chemical Composition]

The chemical composition of the cold forging steel material according to the present embodiment contains the following elements.

C: 0.15 to 0.60%

Carbon (C) increases the strength of the steel. If the C content is too low, the effect is not obtained. On the other hand, if the C content is too large, the area ratio of the fine pearlite in the microstructure increases and the cold step composition after spheroidizing annealing decreases. Therefore, the C content is 0.15 to 0.60%. The lower limit of the content of C is preferably 0.20%, more preferably 0.30%, and still more preferably 0.35%. The upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.58%, more preferably 0.55%, and still more preferably 0.53%.

Si: 0.01 to 0.5%

Silicon (Si) deoxidizes the steel during the solvent. If the Si content is too low, this effect can not be obtained. On the other hand, Si strengthens ferrite. For this reason, if the Si content is too large, the hardness of the steel material after spheroidizing annealing becomes too high, and the cold step composition is lowered. Therefore, the Si content is 0.01 to 0.5%. The lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.05%, more preferably 0.08%, and still more preferably 0.10%. The upper limit of the Si content is preferably 0.45%, more preferably 0.40%.

Mn: 0.1 to 2.0%

Manganese (Mn) increases the strength of the final product (mechanical structural component) produced from cold forging steel. If the Mn content is too low, the strength of the final product is insufficient. On the other hand, if the Mn content is too large, the hardness of the steel material after the spheroidizing annealing is not sufficiently lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.1 to 2.0%. The lower limit of the Mn content is preferably 0.2%, more preferably 0.3%. The preferred upper limit of the Mn content is 1.8%, more preferably 1.6%, and even more preferably 1.4%.

P: not more than 0.035%

Phosphorus (P) is an impurity. P is liable to be segregated in the steel, which causes local ductility deterioration. Therefore, the P content is preferably low. The P content is 0.035% or less. The preferable P content is 0.030% or less, and more preferably 0.025% or less.

S: not more than 0.050%

Sulfur S is inevitably contained in the steel. When S is contained, it has an effect of increasing machinability. However, if the S content is too large, coarse sulfides are produced in the steel. Coarse sulphides cause cracking during cold forging. Therefore, the content of S is 0.050% or less. The preferable content of S is 0.045% or less. When the machinability is increased, the preferable S content is 0.015% or more.

Al: 0.050% or less

Aluminum (Al) is inevitably contained in the steel. Al desorbs the river. However, if the Al content is too large, coarse inclusions are generated in the steel, and cracks are likely to occur during cold forging. Therefore, the Al content is 0.050% or less. The content of Al is preferably 0.045% or less. When the deoxidation effect is enhanced, the preferable Al content is 0.015% or more. In this specification, the Al content means the content of acid soluble Al (sol. Al).

Cr: 0.02-0.5%

Chromium (Cr) stabilizes the spherical cementite. If the Cr content is too low, the effect can not be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cr content is too large, the hardness of the steel material after spheroidizing annealing does not become sufficiently low. Therefore, the Cr content is 0.02 to 0.5%. The lower limit of the Cr content is preferably 0.03%, more preferably 0.05%, and still more preferably 0.07%. The upper limit of the Cr content is preferably 0.45%, more preferably 0.40%, and still more preferably 0.35%.

N: 0.003 to 0.030%

Nitrogen (N) generates nitride to refine the crystal grains. If the N content is too low, this effect can not be obtained. On the other hand, if the N content is too large, the effect becomes saturated and the manufacturing cost becomes higher. Therefore, the N content is 0.003 to 0.030%. The lower limit of the N content is preferably 0.004%, more preferably 0.005%. The preferred upper limit of the N content is 0.022%, more preferably 0.020%, and even more preferably 0.018%.

When the cold forging steel of the present embodiment contains B described later, when B binds to N, B can not exhibit the effect of improving the hardenability of the steel. In this case, it is necessary to contain a large amount of Ti. Therefore, when B is contained, the N content is preferably low. The preferable upper limit of the N content in this case is 0.010%, more preferably 0.008%.

The balance of the chemical composition of the cold forging steel material of the present embodiment is composed of Fe and impurities. In the present specification, the impurity means that the steel material is incorporated from an ore, a scrap, or a manufacturing environment as a raw material when the steel material is produced industrially.

The cold forging steel material of the present embodiment may further contain one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Mo, V and B instead of a part of Fe. All of these elements increase the strength of mechanical structural parts made from cold rolled forging.

Cu: 0 to 0.5%

Copper (Cu) is an arbitrary element and may be omitted. Cu improves the strength of mechanical structural parts by solid solution strengthening. However, if the Cu content is too large, the hot workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the Cu content is 0 to 0.5%. The lower limit of the Cu content for obtaining the above effect more effectively is 0.05%, more preferably 0.10%. The upper limit of the Cu content is preferably 0.4%, more preferably 0.3%.

Ni: 0 to 0.3%

Nickel (Ni) is an arbitrary element and may be omitted. Ni enhances the strength of mechanical structural parts by solid solution strengthening. However, if the Ni content is too large, economical efficiency is impaired. Therefore, the Ni content is 0 to 0.3%. The lower limit of the Ni content for obtaining the above effect more effectively is 0.05%, and more preferably 0.10%. The upper limit of the Ni content is preferably 0.25%, more preferably 0.2%.

Mo: 0 to 0.3%

Molybdenum (Mo) is an arbitrary element and may not be contained. Mo increases the strength of mechanical structural components by strengthening employment. However, if the Mo content is too large, the effect is saturated and the economical efficiency is impaired. Therefore, the Mo content is 0 to 0.3%. The lower limit of the Mo content for obtaining the above effect more effectively is 0.05%, more preferably 0.1%. The upper limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.25%, more preferably 0.20%.

V: 0 to 0.3%

Vanadium (V) is an arbitrary element and may not be contained. V increases the strength of mechanical structural parts by precipitation strengthening. However, if the V content is too large, the hardness of the steel becomes too high, and the cold-rolled steel composition deteriorates. Therefore, the V content is 0 to 0.3%. The lower limit of the V content for obtaining the above effect more effectively is 0.05%, more preferably 0.1%. The preferred upper limit of the V content is 0.25%, more preferably 0.20%.

B: 0 to 0.0035%

Boron (B) is an arbitrary element, and may not be contained. B improves the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the final product (mechanical structural component) produced from the steel. However, if the B content is too large, the effect becomes saturated and the manufacturing cost becomes higher. Therefore, the B content is 0 to 0.0035%. The lower limit of the B content for improving the above effect is preferably 0.0005%, more preferably 0.0010%. The preferred upper limit of the B content is 0.0030%.

As described above, the cold forging cold-forging material of the present embodiment may contain one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Mo, V and B. The total content of these elements is preferably 1.40% or less, and more preferably 0.80% or less.

The cold forging steel material of the present embodiment may further contain one or two kinds selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ti instead of a part of Fe. All of these elements form carbonitride to refine the crystal grains.

Nb: 0 to 0.050%

Niobium (Nb) is an arbitrary element, and may not be contained. Nb forms carbonitride and refines the crystal grains. The finer the crystal grains, the higher the cold step composition of the steel. However, if the Nb content is too large, the carbonitride becomes coarse. The coarse carbonitride becomes a starting point of cracking during cold forging. Therefore, the Nb content is 0 to 0.050. The lower limit of the Nb content for enhancing the above effect is preferably 0.005%, more preferably 0.010%. The preferred upper limit of the Nb content is 0.035%, more preferably 0.030%.

Ti: 0 to 0.2%

Titanium (Ti) is an arbitrary element, and may not be contained. Ti forms carbonitride to refine the crystal grains. When the cold forging steel according to the present embodiment contains B, Ti bonds with N to form a nitride and inhibits B from bonding with N. Therefore, B can be employed in the steel to improve the hardenability of the steel as described above. However, when the Ti content is too large, the carbonitride is coarsened and the toughness of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0 to 0.2%. A preferred lower limit of the Ti content for further increasing the effect is 0.005%, more preferably 0.010%. The preferred upper limit of the Ti content is 0.18%, more preferably 0.15%.

As described above, Ti inhibits B from binding with N. Therefore, when B is contained, preferably Ti is also contained.

[Micro-organization]

The microstructure of the cold forging steel material of the present embodiment having the above-described chemical composition is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite. In this microstructure, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 占 퐉 or less, and the area ratio of the pearlite (microperlite) having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure is less than 20%.

The average crystal grain size of the ferrite is not more than 5 占 퐉 and the ratio of the area occupied by the micro pearlite in the microstructure of the surface layer region is not more than 10 占 퐉 in the microstructure in the region (surface layer region) %. The number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more.

The cold forging cold forging material of this embodiment has the microstructure described above. Therefore, in the cold forging carried out after the spheroidizing annealing, the occurrence of cracks in the surface layer of the steel is suppressed, and the cold step is increased. Hereinafter, (1) the microstructure of the entire steel material, and (2) the microstructure of the surface layer region of the steel material will be described in detail.

[Regarding microstructure in the entire steel material]

As described above, the microstructure of the steel is a mixed structure composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementites. Therefore, the hardness of the microstructure is lower than that of martensite or bainite.

[Ferrite mean grain size in the microstructure of the entire steel material]

Even in the above mixed structure, when the average crystal grain size of the ferrite exceeds 10 mu m, the diffusion distance of C in the spheroidizing annealing becomes long. In this case, the cementite in the pearlite is hardly spheroidized at the time of spheroidizing annealing.

In the present embodiment, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure is 10 占 퐉 or less. Therefore, the diffusion distance of C is short, and the cementite is likely to be spheroidized at the time of spheroidizing annealing.

[Area ratio of microperlite in microstructure]

When the area ratio of the ferrite grains in the microstructure of the pearlite (micro pearlite) having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the microstructure and the pearlite is large, it is difficult to soften the steel even if spheroidized annealing is performed. In the present embodiment, the area ratio of the micro pearlite in the microstructure is less than 20%. As a result, the cold-rolled steel of the steel material subjected to the spheroidizing annealing increases.

The lamellar spacing is obtained by the following method. A pearlite colony is defined as an area having the same lamellar orientation (extension direction of cementite) in pearlite. Fig. 1 shows an example of a pearlite colony. A pearlite colony (1) includes a plurality of cementites (2) and a plurality of ferrites (3). The cementite (2) and the ferrite (3) are alternately arranged in a lamellar shape (layered). In the pearlite colony, the plurality of cementites 2 are arranged substantially in parallel.

In the pearlite colonies, the lamellar spacing is obtained at any three positions. For example, with reference to Fig. 1, a line segment L1 is drawn in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the cementite 2 at the measurement point P1. At this time, both the shortcomings P _L1 and P _L1 of the line segment L1 are arranged at the center of the width of each pair of the cementites 2 closest to the boundary 10 of the pearlite colony 1 at the measuring point P1. The length of the line segment L1 and the number N of cementites crossing the line segment L1 are obtained, and the lamella interval (nm) at the measurement point P1 is obtained by the following equation.

Lamella interval at measurement point P1 = L1 / (N-1)

In short, the lamellar spacing means the distance between neighboring cementites. In the measurement point P1, the number N of cementites crossing the line segment L1 is " 4 ".

Similarly, the line segment L2 is drawn at the measurement point P2. At this time, both disadvantages of the line segment L2 are respectively arranged at the center of the width of each pair of the cementites 2 closest to the boundary 10 of the pearlite colony 1 at the measurement point P2. The cementite number N at this time is " 5 ". Based on the above formula, the lamellar interval at the measurement point P2 is obtained. Similarly, the lamellar interval of the measurement point P3 is obtained.

The average of the lamellar spacings obtained at the measurement points P1 to P3 is defined as the " lamellar spacing " (nm) of the pearlite colony 1. A pearlite colony having a lamellar spacing of less than 200 탆 is defined as " micro pearlite ".

[About Microstructure in Surface Layer Region]

Cracks during cold forging occur from the surface layer of steel. In this embodiment, the average grain size of ferrite, the area ratio of microperlite, and the number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region are defined as follows in order to further increase the spheroidization rate in the surface layer region after spheroidizing annealing.

[Average crystal grain size of ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region]

When the average crystal grain diameter of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region exceeds 5 占 퐉, the cold step composition in the surface layer region lowers and cracks may occur during cold forging. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 5 占 퐉 or less.

[Percentage of area occupied by the microstructure in the surface layer region of the microperlite]

When the area ratio of the micro pearlite in the microstructure in the surface layer region is 10% or more, the cold step composition in the surface layer region lowers and cold forging cracks may occur. Therefore, the area ratio of the micro pearlite in the microstructure in the surface layer region is less than 10%.

[Number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region]

The number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more. In this case, at the time of spheroidizing annealing, spherical cementite in the surface layer region becomes nuclei, and spherical cementite is likely to be generated and grown. Therefore, the spheroidizing ratio of the surface layer region after the spheroidizing annealing becomes higher.

The identification of the phase of the microstructure, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite, the area ratio of the fine pearlite, and the number of spherical cementites can be obtained by the following method.

[About Identification of Micro-Organization Phase]

The cross section of the flange member (cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the flange member) is mirror-polished to form an observation plane. The mirror-polished observation surface is corroded with 3% nitric acid alcohol (Na recovery solution) to expose the microstructure. The exposed microstructure is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

And the radius of the observation surface of the flange member is defined as R. (Hereinafter referred to as a position Q1) and a position with a radius Rx0.15 depth (hereinafter referred to as a position Q2) at a surface with a radius R x 0.067 depth from the surface toward the center (Position Q3), a position of radius R x 0.5 (position Q4) and a center (position Q5) on the surface are specified. The microstructures are observed at three specified viewing angles Q1 to Q5 at the specified positions 15 in total to identify the image. The area of each field of view is set to 25 mu m x 20 mu m. A photographed image of each view is generated, and an image is identified based on the photographed image.

For spherical cementite, the observation surface of the above-mentioned flanged steel material is mirror-polished. After polishing, the observation surface is corroded with picric alcohols (piquant solution). Using a SEM of 5000 times, similar to the above-mentioned image identification, a photographed image of a microstructure is generated for the 15 field of view. Using the image of each field of view, the long diameter L and the short diameter W of each cementite in each field of view are measured by image processing. Of the plural cementites observed, a cementite having L / W of 2.0 or less is defined as a spherical cementite.

[Average crystal grain size of ferrite]

The observation surface of the above-mentioned flanged steel material is mirror-polished. After polishing, the observation surface is corroded with 3% nitric acid alcohol (Na solution) to reveal the microstructure. Using a SEM of 5000 times, similar to the above-mentioned image identification, a photographed image of a microstructure is generated for the 15 field of view. Image processing is carried out by using the photographed image and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the 15 field of view is obtained on the basis of the evaluation method of the ferrite crystal grain cutting method described in Annex 2 of JIS G0551 (2005). The average of the average crystal grain size of each of the obtained visual fields is defined as the average crystal grain size (μm) of the ferrite in the entire microstructure.

The mean grain size of ferrite in the six fields of view at positions Q1 and Q2 is calculated and defined as the average grain size (μm) of ferrite in the surface layer region.

[Area Percent of Micro Pearlite]

The area ratio of the fine pearlite is measured by the following method. In each of the 15 field of view (25 mu m x 20 mu m), pearlite colonies are specified. Specification of pearlite colonies is carried out, for example, by image processing. In each pearlite colony, the lamellar spacing (nm) is obtained by the above-described method. A pearlite colony having a lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less is referred to as " fine pearlite ". The area Af (μm ² ) of the specified fine pearlite is determined, and the fine pearlite area ratio in each field is obtained based on the formula (1).

Percent area of fine pearlite (%) = Af / area of visibility x 100 (1)

Here, the visual field area is 25 x 20 = 500 (μm ² ). The area Af can be obtained, for example, by using well-known image processing by marking the boundary 10 of the pearlite colony 1 in Fig. 1 and the inside thereof.

The average percentage of micro pearlite area ratio of each field of view obtained based on the formula (1) is defined as the area ratio (%) occupied by the microstructure of the microperlite.

In addition, the average of the micro pearlite area ratios (6 fields in total) at the positions Q1 and Q2 determined based on the formula (1) is defined as the area ratio (%) occupying in the microstructure in the surface layer region of the microperlite.

[Number of concrete cementites]

And counts the number of spherical cementites (cementites having L / W of 2.0 or less) at positions Q1 and Q2 (total of 6 fields of view). On the basis of the total number of the spherical cementite in the field of view 6, and calculates the number (pieces / mm ²⁾ in the area of 1mm ² per spherical cementite. The number obtained is defined as the number of spherical cementites (microcapsules / mm ² ) in the microstructure in the surface layer region.

The average average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the whole ring steel of the present embodiment is 8 占 퐉 or less. The average average grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 4 탆 or less. The smaller the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the whole of the flange steel and the surface layer region, the smaller the grain size is, the better. However, in order to form the crystal grains of the submicron order, special processing conditions or facilities are required, which is difficult to achieve industrially. Therefore, the lower limit that can be realized industrially is 1 占 퐉 in the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the entire ring steel and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region.

A preferable area ratio occupied by micro pearlite in the microstructure in the microstructure of the entire cast steel is less than 15%. A preferable area ratio of the micro pearlite in the microstructure of the surface layer region in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 8% or less. In order to improve the cold hardening, the area ratio is preferably as small as 0%.

The preferable number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region is 2.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more. The number of the spherical cementites is preferably as large as possible. However, practically, 1.0 x 10 ⁷ / mm ² is the upper limit.

When the number of spherical cementitites in the microstructure of the surface layer region satisfies the above-mentioned requirements in a ring steel material in which the microstructure is a mixed structure (ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite), excellent cold step composition can be obtained after spheroidizing annealing. Therefore, the number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the portion other than the surface layer region is not particularly limited.

[Manufacturing method]

An example of a manufacturing method of the cold forging cold-rolled steel material of the present embodiment will be described.

The material having the above-described chemical composition (for example, billet) is heated in a heating furnace. The heated material is extracted from a heating furnace and hot-rolled by a continuous rolling mill to produce a cold-rolled forging material. The continuous rolling mill includes a plurality of rolling mills (stands) arranged. Cold forging cold rolled steel is produced based on a full continuous rolling method. The continuous continuous rolling method refers to a method in which a material extracted from a heating furnace is continuously rolled without stopping while the material stands out from the final stand of the continuous rolling mill to become a cold-rolled forging material. The production conditions in the continuous continuous rolling method will be described below.

[Heating temperature of the material]

The material is heated and the heating temperature of the material before hot rolling (i.e., the surface temperature of the material) is set to 810 캜 or lower. In this case, rolling is performed in the two-phase region. By performing the rolling in the two-phase rolling mill, the ferrite grains in the rolling steel after rolling can be made finer. On the other hand, if the heating temperature is too low, the load on the continuous rolling mill becomes excessive. Therefore, the lower limit of the heating temperature of the material before hot rolling is 670 캜.

[Total reduction ratio in the continuous continuous rolling method]

The total reduction ratio in the continuous continuous rolling method is set to be higher than 30%. The total reduction ratio (%) is defined by equation (2).

Total reduction ratio = (cross-sectional area of material - cross-sectional area of flanged steel) / cross-sectional area of material × 100 (2)

Here, the transverse sectional area (mm ² ) of the workpiece means an area of a section perpendicular to the central axis of the work. The cross-sectional area (mm ² ) of the flange member means the area of the cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the flange member manufactured by the continuous continuous rolling method.

By increasing the total reduction ratio to more than 30%, it promotes the organic precipitation of the ferrite from the austenite during processing. In addition, processing strain is introduced into the ferrite during processing, and ferrite is refined by dynamic recrystallization. In addition, by introducing a lot of processing deformation, the ferrite becomes finer at the time of cooling to be described later.

[Surface temperature of the cast steel at the exit side of the final rolling mill]

The temperature of the rolling steel material immediately after completion of rolling in the two-phase rolling mill, that is, the surface temperature of the rolling steel material at the final rolling-out side is set to Ac ₃ point or more. In this case, the processed tissue is once inversely transformed. At the time of hot rolling, the surface temperature of the workpiece increases due to the processing heat generated. By adjusting the cooling conditions during the hot rolling, the surface temperature of the rolling material on the exit side of the final rolling mill is set to A _c3 or higher. In this case, the structure of the cast steel becomes an austenite single phase. The ferrite fine-grained by dynamic recrystallization becomes a fine austenite due to the reverse transformation.

[Cooling condition immediately after rolling]

Within 5 seconds after the rolling is finished, cool the cast steel to a temperature below Ar ₃ point and below 600 ° C. Since the surface temperature of the _{flange member is made} to be A _r3 or less within 5 seconds, the structure of the flange member is transformed again to produce fine ferrite. Further, by the cooling stop temperature to the A _r3 point less than 600 ℃, can be suppressed to be the tissue of the light, such as bainite or martensite generated, It is also possible to suppress generation of fine pearlite.

In the present embodiment, for example, the surface temperature of the _cast steel is set to A _r3 point to 600 占 폚 within 5 seconds by a water cooling apparatus disposed on the exit side of the final rolling mill. When the elapse of 5 seconds or more after the completion of the rolling, the austenite produced by the reverse transformation is coarsened. When the austenite is coarsened, fine ferrite is not obtained even if the surface temperature of the _cast steel is made to be A _r3 or less. If it is within 5 seconds, the cooling time is not particularly limited. For example, the surface temperature of the _flange material may be set at A _r3 point to 600 ° C in 3 seconds. The surface temperature of the _flanged steel material is set to A _r3 point to 600 占 폚, and then the cooling by the water cooling apparatus is stopped.

As described above, the surface temperature of the steel is cooled to a temperature not lower than Ar ₃ point and not lower than 600 ° C. within 5 seconds after completion of the rolling in the continuous continuous rolling method. Thereafter, do. When the flanged steel material is further cooled to room temperature, a method other than a large cooling rate at which martensite or bainite is produced, for example, cooling may be performed.

By the above manufacturing process, a cold forging cold forging material having the above-described microstructure is produced. The produced cold forging steel material is subjected to spheroidizing annealing, and then cold-forged to be a final product (structural machine parts, etc.). Since the cold forging cold forging material of the present embodiment has the above-described chemical composition and microstructure, the cold-rolled steel material after spheroidizing annealing is excellent.

[Example]

An angular billet (cross section of 140 mm x 140 mm and length of 10 m) made of the steel A to H having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.

Referring to Table 1, the chemical compositions of the steels A to E, G and H were within the chemical composition of the cold forging steel material of the present embodiment. On the other hand, among the chemical compositions of the steel F, the C content deviated from the C content range defined in this embodiment. Table 1 lists Ar ₃ and Ac ₃ of each steel.

Each billet was heated under the production conditions shown in Table 2 and hot rolling was carried out by the continuous continuous rolling method to produce a cold forging steel material having a diameter of 30 mm.

In the "heating temperature" column in Table 2, the surface temperature (° C.) of each billet (material) extracted from the heating furnace (before continuous rolling) is described. In the column "Post-rolling temperature", the surface temperature (° C.) of the rolling steel material at the exit side of the final rolling mill (stand) in the continuous rolling mill is described. The " rolling temperature " was obtained by measurement with a radiation thermometer disposed on the exit side of the final rolling mill. The "temperature after cooling" column describes the surface temperature (° C.) of the cast steel after 5 seconds from the final rolling machine. The " temperature after cooling " was obtained by measuring the surface temperature of the hot-rolled steel material with a radiation thermometer at the point of 5 seconds.

In any test number, the "total reduction ratio" from each billet (material) calculated by the equation (2) was 96%.

With respect to Test Nos. 1 to 8, the water-cooling conditions between each rolling mill (stand) in the continuous rolling mill were adjusted so that the surface temperature of the rolling steel material on the exit side of the final rolling mill was adjusted to be A _c3 or more. After completion of the rolling by the final rolling mill, the cooling rate was controlled in accordance with the amount of water by using a water-cooling apparatus, and the steel was cooled so that the surface temperature of the steel was not more than Ar ₃ point and not less than 600 ° C within 5 seconds Thereafter, the cooling by the water-cooling apparatus was stopped. After the cooling by the water-cooling apparatus was stopped, the ring material was allowed to cool in the air.

For Test Nos. 9 and 10, the rolling steel material after completion of the continuous rolling was water-cooled by a water-cooling apparatus and left to stand in the air as it was.

With respect to Test Nos. 11 and 12, water-cooling conditions were adjusted between the stands, and water cooling was performed after rolling. However, the temperature after rolling of Test No. 10 was less than A _c3 . The temperature after water cooling of Test No. 11 was less than 600 占 폚.

The following test was carried out on the flange members (bars) of each test number manufactured.

[Microstructure observation test]

Test specimens having a length of 20 mm were cut out from each of the rings of 30 mm in diameter. The cross section of the test piece (cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the flange member) was buried in the resin so as to be the observation surface, and mirror-polished. After polishing, the microstructure was exposed by etching with 3% nitric alcohol (Na recovery solution), and observation was performed using SEM. Specifically, a position Q1 of a depth of 1 mm from the surface (radius x 0.067 depth), a position Q2 of 2.25 mm (radius x 0.15 depth) from the surface, a position Q3 of 3.75 mm (radius x 0.25 depth) from the surface, The microstructure was observed by the above-described method by observing the tissues at five positions in total of a position Q4 of a depth of 7.5 mm (radius x 0.5 depth) and a position Q5 of a central portion (near the center) And the constituent phases were identified. The area of each field of view was 25 탆 x 20 탆 as described above.

[Measurement of average crystal grain size of ferrite]

The average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the entire ring steel of each test number and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer region were measured by the above-described method.

[Measurement of micro pearlite area ratio and number of spherical cementite]

By the above-described method, in each test number, the ratio of the area of the micro pearlite occupying in the microstructure of the entire cast steel and the microstructure of the surface layer region was obtained. Further, the number of spherical cementites in the microstructure of the surface layer region (number / mm < ² >) was determined by the above-described method.

[Measurement of spheroidization rate after spheroidizing annealing]

Spheroidizing annealing was performed on the flange members of each test number. Specifically, each of the ring members was maintained at 735 占 폚 for 10 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 占 폚 / h.

Test specimens having a length of 20 mm were cut out from each rounded steel material after the spheroidizing annealing. The surface of the specimen was soaked in resin so that the surface corresponding to the longitudinal cross-section of the flange member was the observation surface, and mirror-polished.

After polishing, the sample was corroded with picric alcohols (phenylacetate), and a microstructured image was generated at 15 fields of view in the same manner as in the above-mentioned image discrimination using SEM of 5000 times. As in the case of the above microstructure observation test, the long and short diameters L and W of each cementite were individually measured by using the photographed image. Then, the ratio of the number of cementites (i.e., spherical cementites) having L / W of 2.0 or less to the number of cementites in the photographed image (each of the visibility to be described later) was determined to obtain the spheroidization ratio (%).

Specifically, the observed position is a position Q1 of 1 mm depth (radius x 0.067 depth) from the surface, a position Q2 of 2.25 mm depth (radius x 0.15 depth) from the surface, and a position Q2 of 3.75 mm A total of 15 points was observed with a total of 5 points at the position Q3, a position Q4 at a depth of 7.5 mm from the surface (radius x 0.5 depth) and a position Q5 at the center (near the center). The area of each field of view was 25 mu m x 20 mu m.

Among the spheroidization ratios obtained from the respective fields of view, an average value of the spheroidization ratios in the six fields of view of the positions Q1 and Q2 was defined as the surface layer spheroidization ratio (%) after spheroidization annealing. The average value of the spheroidization rates in the nine fields of view at positions Q3 to Q5 was defined as the internal spheroidization ratio (%) after spheroidization annealing.

[Cold Forging Test]

The test pieces shown in Figs. 2A and 2B were produced from the respective ring members after the sintering annealing. 2A is a plan view of the test piece, and Fig. 2B is a front view of the test piece. Referring to Figs. 2A and 2B, the diameter D1 of the test piece was 29 mm, and the length L4 was 44 mm. A notch portion extending in the axial direction was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the test piece. The cut angle A1 of the cutout portion was 30 DEG, and the corner radius R1 of the groove bottom portion of the cutout portion was 0.15 mm. The depth D2 of the notch portion was 0.8 mm.

A compression test was carried out in cold (room temperature) using a test piece and a press. In the compression test, initially, the specimen was compressed to 15% in the axial direction. Thereafter, each time the compression in the axial direction of 1.5 to 2.5% was applied to the test piece, the test piece was observed for cracking. Compression, removal, and observation were repeated until cracking occurred. It was recognized that cracks occurred when microscopic cracks (length 0.5 to 1.0 mm) were first observed with the naked eye or with a simple magnifying glass. Five test pieces were prepared for each test number, and the above compression tests were performed on the five test pieces. The average value of the compressibility of the five test pieces when cracks were generated was defined as " critical compression ratio ". When the critical compression ratio exceeded 50%, it was evaluated that the cold-rolled steel sheet was excellent.

[Test result]

Table 2 shows the test results. &Quot; F " in the " Phase " column in the "Microstructure in Total" in Table 2 indicates ferrite, "LP" indicates lamellar perlite, and "SC" indicates spherical cementite. In the "crystal grain size" column, the ferrite average crystal grain size (μm) in the microstructure of the whole of the rolling steel material in each test number is described. In the column of " fine LP ratio ", the area ratio (%) of micro pearlite in the entire microstructure is described.

In the "crystal grain size" column in the "microstructure in the surface layer region" in Table 2, the ferrite average crystal grain size (μm) in the surface layer region in each test number is described. In the "micro LP ratio" column, the ratio (%) of the area occupied by the microstructure of the surface layer region of the microperlite is described. In the "number of SCs" column, the number of spherical cementites (micro / mm ² ) in the microstructure of the surface layer region is described.

In Table 2, "surface spheroidization ratio (%), internal spheroidization ratio (%), and critical compression ratio (%) of each test number are described in the column" after spheroidizing annealing ".

&Quot; A " in the " Evaluation " column in Table 2 means that the cold-rolled steel sheet is evaluated as excellent, and " NA " "-" in the number of spherical cementites in Test Nos. 9 and 10 indicates that the phase is "F + LP" and no spherical cementite exists.

With reference to Table 2, the chemical compositions of the steels of Test Nos. 1 to 7 were appropriate, and the manufacturing conditions (total reduction ratio, heating temperature, post-rolling temperature and post-cooling temperature) were also appropriate. Therefore, the microstructure of the steel material of Test Nos. 1 to 7 is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite, and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the entire steel material is 10 μm or less and the fine LP ratio is less than 20% . The average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the surface layer regions of Test Nos. 1 to 7 was 5 탆 or less, the fine LP ratio was less than 10%, and the number of spherical cementites was 1.0 × 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more. For this reason, the surface spheroidization rate after spheroidizing annealing was as high as 80% or more, and the internal spheroidization rate was as high as 70% or more. As a result, the critical compression ratio of the test specimens No. 1 to No. 7 exceeded 50%, indicating excellent cold forming.

On the other hand, in Test No. 8, the C content of the steel was too much. Therefore, the fine LP ratio in the microstructure of the surface layer region was 10% or more. As a result, the critical compression ratio became 50% or less.

In Test No. 9, the chemical composition of the steel was adequate, but the heating temperature was too high and the temperature after cooling was too high. For this reason, there was no spherical cementite in the microstructure of the cast steel. Further, the ferrite in the whole microstructure of the ring steel and the surface layer region did not become fine, and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite was too large. For this reason, the surface spheroidization ratio and internal spheroidization ratio after spheroidizing annealing were low, and the critical compression ratio was 50% or less.

In Test No. 10, the chemical composition of the steel was adequate, but the temperature after cooling was too high. As a result, no spherical cementite was present in the microstructure of the cast steel and the ferrite was coarse. Therefore, the critical compression ratio was 50% or less.

In Test No. 11, the chemical composition of the steel was adequate, but the temperature after rolling was too low. For this reason, the micro LP ratio of the whole of the cast steel and the microstructure of the surface layer region was too high. For this reason, the surface spheroidization ratio and internal spheroidization ratio after spheroidizing annealing were low, and the critical compression ratio was 50% or less.

In Test No. 12, the chemical composition of the steel was adequate, but the temperature after cooling was too low. For this reason, the micro LP ratio of the whole of the cast steel and the microstructure of the surface layer region was too high. For this reason, the surface spheroidization ratio and internal spheroidization ratio after spheroidizing annealing were low, and the critical compression ratio was 50% or less.

≪ Industrial Availability >

The cold-rolled forging steel of the present embodiment has a high spheroidizing ratio and is excellent in cold-rolling after the spheroidizing annealing. Therefore, it can be widely applied to applications requiring excellent cold-forging. The cold forging cold forging material of the present embodiment can be used particularly as a material for mechanical structural parts such as automobile parts, industrial machine parts, and construction machine parts, which have been produced in the hot forging and cutting processes. In particular, the cold forging cold forging material of this embodiment can contribute to the precise shaping of parts when used for such applications.

Claims (3)

As a cold-rolled forging material,
In terms of% by mass,
C: 0.15 to 0.60%,
Si: 0.01 to 0.5%
Mn: 0.1 to 2.0%
P: not more than 0.035%
S: 0.050% or less,
Al: 0.050% or less,
0.02-0.5% Cr,
N: 0.003 to 0.030%,
Cu: 0 to 0.5%,
Ni: 0 to 0.3%,
Mo: 0 to 0.3%,
V: 0 to 0.3%,
B: 0 to 0.0035%,
Nb: 0 to 0.050%, and
Ti: 0 to 0.2%
The remainder has a chemical composition consisting of Fe and impurities,
The microstructure of the cold forging steel material is obtained by rolling the material having the above chemical composition in a bimetallic furnace and setting the surface temperature at the final rolling machine exit side to Ac ₃ point or more and setting the surface temperature to Ar ₃ point Or less and is cooled to a temperature not lower than 600 ° C,
Wherein the microstructure of the cold forging steel material is composed of ferrite, pearlite and spherical cementite, and the mean crystal grain size of the ferrite is 10 탆 or less, and the percentage of the pearlite having the lamellar spacing of 200 nm or less in the pearlite Is less than 20%
In the microstructure in the region from the surface of the cold forging steel material to the radius x 0.15 depth, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the region is 5 占 퐉 or less, and the pearlite having the lamellar spacing in the region is 200 nm or less Wherein the area ratio of the area in the microstructure is less than 10%, the number of spherical cementites in the area is 1.0 x 10 ⁵ / mm ² or more,
The average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure of the cold forging steel material is larger than the average crystal grain size of the ferrite in the microstructure in the region from the surface of the cold- , A cold-rolled forging material excellent in cold-rolling after spheroidizing annealing. The method according to claim 1,
Cu: 0.05 to 0.5%
Ni: 0.05 to 0.3%
Mo: 0.05 to 0.3%
V: 0.05 to 0.3%, and
, And B: 0.0005 to 0.0035%, based on the total weight of the cold-rolled forging material. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%, and
And Ti: 0.005 to 0.2%, based on the total weight of the steel material.

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