KR101053701B1 - 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101053701B1 KR101053701B1 KR1020097012031A KR20097012031A KR101053701B1 KR 101053701 B1 KR101053701 B1 KR 101053701B1 KR 1020097012031 A KR1020097012031 A KR 1020097012031A KR 20097012031 A KR20097012031 A KR 20097012031A KR 101053701 B1 KR101053701 B1 KR 101053701B1
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- coating layer
- surface coating
- mold
- manufacturing
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- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
- C03B11/086—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor of coated dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1657—Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1689—After-treatment
- C23C18/1692—Heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1862—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by radiant energy
- C23C18/1865—Heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/11—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 탄소가 0.3wt% 이상 2.7wt% 이하, 크롬이 13wt% 이하이며, 몰리브덴이 0.5wt% 이상 3wt% 이하, 바나듐이 0.1wt% 이상 5wt% 이하, 텅스텐이 1wt% 이상 7wt% 이하 중 적어도 하나를 만족하는 첨가물이 부가된 강제의 소재를 켄칭하는 동시에, 400℃ 이상 650℃ 이하에서 템퍼링함으로써 기재를 형성하고,상기 기재의 표면에, 비정질의 Ni-P 합금으로 이루어지는 표면 피복층을 형성하고,이것에 가열 처리를 실시함으로써, 상기 표면 피복층을 Ni와 Ni3P의 공정 조직으로 바꾸는 것을 특징으로 하는, 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 표면 피복층은 Ni와 P, Ni와 P와 B 또는 Ni와 P와 W를 포함하는 무전해 도금에 의해 형성되고,상기 가열 처리는 글래스의 성형 온도 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법.
- 탄소가 0.3wt% 이상 2.7wt% 이하, 크롬이 13wt% 이하이며, 몰리브덴이 0.5wt% 이상 3wt% 이하, 바나듐이 0.1wt% 이상 5wt% 이하, 텅스텐이 1wt% 이상 7wt% 이하 중 적어도 하나를 만족하는 첨가물이 부가된 강제의 소재를 켄칭하는 동 시에, 서브 제로 처리함으로써 기재를 형성하고,상기 기재의 표면에, 비정질의 Ni-P 합금으로 이루어지는 표면 피복층을 형성하고,이것에 가열 처리를 실시함으로써, 상기 표면 피복층을 Ni와 Ni3P의 공정 조직으로 바꾸는 것을 특징으로 하는, 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 표면 피복층은 Ni와 P, Ni와 P와 B 또는 Ni와 P와 W를 포함하는 무전해 도금에 의해 형성되고,상기 가열 처리는, 글래스의 성형 온도 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JPJP-P-2006-337367 | 2006-12-14 | ||
| JP2006337367 | 2006-12-14 | ||
| PCT/JP2007/073955 WO2008072664A1 (ja) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-12 | ガラス成形用金型の製造方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20090082478A KR20090082478A (ko) | 2009-07-30 |
| KR101053701B1 true KR101053701B1 (ko) | 2011-08-02 |
Family
ID=39511681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020097012031A Expired - Fee Related KR101053701B1 (ko) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-12 | 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090236016A1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP5073469B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR101053701B1 (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE112007003026B4 (ko) |
| TW (1) | TW200844056A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2008072664A1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9145323B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2015-09-29 | Corning Incorporated | Molds for shaping glass and methods for making the same |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4778735B2 (ja) | 2005-06-24 | 2011-09-21 | 東芝機械株式会社 | ガラス成形用金型の製造方法 |
| KR101053701B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-14 | 2011-08-02 | 도시바 기카이 가부시키가이샤 | 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법 |
| JP5019102B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-09-05 | 東芝機械株式会社 | ガラス成形用金型の製造方法 |
| WO2008126645A1 (ja) | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-23 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | ガラス成形用金型及びその製造方法 |
Citations (2)
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| JPH11335783A (ja) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-07 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ガラス成形金型用およびロール用鋼 |
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| US20060222423A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Xerox Corporation | Heat-pipe fuser roll with internal coating |
| JP4778735B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2011-09-21 | 東芝機械株式会社 | ガラス成形用金型の製造方法 |
| KR101053701B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-14 | 2011-08-02 | 도시바 기카이 가부시키가이샤 | 글래스 성형용 금형의 제조 방법 |
| JP5019102B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-09-05 | 東芝機械株式会社 | ガラス成形用金型の製造方法 |
| WO2008126645A1 (ja) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-23 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | ガラス成形用金型及びその製造方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-12-12 KR KR1020097012031A patent/KR101053701B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-12 DE DE112007003026T patent/DE112007003026B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-12 WO PCT/JP2007/073955 patent/WO2008072664A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2007-12-13 JP JP2007322478A patent/JP5073469B2/ja active Active
- 2007-12-14 TW TW096148053A patent/TW200844056A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-05-28 US US12/473,360 patent/US20090236016A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11157852A (ja) | 1997-11-19 | 1999-06-15 | Canon Inc | ガラス光学素子成形用金型の製造方法及びガラス光学素子の成形方法 |
| JPH11335783A (ja) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-07 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ガラス成形金型用およびロール用鋼 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9145323B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2015-09-29 | Corning Incorporated | Molds for shaping glass and methods for making the same |
| US9266768B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2016-02-23 | Corning Incorporated | High purity nickel molds for optical quality glass forming |
| US9475723B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2016-10-25 | Corning Incorporated | Molds for shaping glass and methods for making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5073469B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
| DE112007003026T5 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
| DE112007003026B4 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
| KR20090082478A (ko) | 2009-07-30 |
| TWI351387B (ko) | 2011-11-01 |
| WO2008072664A1 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
| US20090236016A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
| TW200844056A (en) | 2008-11-16 |
| JP2008169107A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
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