KR100238073B1 - Method and apparatus for encoding selectively - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for encoding selectively Download PDFInfo
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- KR100238073B1 KR100238073B1 KR1019960067281A KR19960067281A KR100238073B1 KR 100238073 B1 KR100238073 B1 KR 100238073B1 KR 1019960067281 A KR1019960067281 A KR 1019960067281A KR 19960067281 A KR19960067281 A KR 19960067281A KR 100238073 B1 KR100238073 B1 KR 100238073B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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Abstract
개시된 내용은 동영상부호화시스템에서 이전프레임과의 변화가 없는 매크로블록단위에 대해 부호화불필요(not coded)로 처리하여 데이타량을 크게 감소시켜 부호화효율을 향상할 수 있도록 한 선택적 부호화방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 현재프레임과 이전프레임의 매크로블록단위 동영상신호를 일정크기의 블록단위로 분할하여 대응하는 매크로블록내의 각 블록간에 상위비트부분의 차이(difference)를 구하고, 차이가 존재하는 블록의 갯수와 차이의 절대합을 계산하여 미리 설정한 문턱값(threshold)과 비교하여 해당 매크로블록의 부호화여부를 나타내는 COD를 결정하며, 그 COD에 따라 부호화불필요로 처리된 매크로블록에 대해 부호화하지 않도록 한다. 따라서, 본 발명은 부호화가 불필요한 매크로블록에 대해서 부호화하지 않아 부호화속도와 프레임레이트(frame rate)를 향상시키고, 비트레이트(bit rate)를 감소시킬 수 있는 효과를 제공한다.Disclosed is a selective encoding method and apparatus for processing a macroblock unit that does not change from a previous frame in a moving picture encoding system as not coded to greatly reduce the amount of data to improve encoding efficiency. will be. The present invention divides the video signal in the macroblock unit of the current frame and the previous frame into block units of a predetermined size to obtain the difference between the upper bit portions of each block in the corresponding macroblock, and the number of blocks in which the difference exists. The absolute sum of the difference is calculated and compared with a preset threshold to determine a COD indicating whether or not the corresponding macroblock is encoded, and not to encode a macroblock that has not been encoded according to the COD. Accordingly, the present invention does not encode macroblocks that do not require encoding, thereby providing an effect of improving encoding speed, frame rate, and reducing bit rate.
Description
본 발명은 동영상부호화시스템에 관한 것으로서, 특히 이전프레임과의 변화가 없는 매크로블록단위에 대해 부호화불필요(not coded)로 처리하여 데이타량을 크게 감소시켜 부호화효율을 향상할 수 있도록 한 선택적 부호화방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a video encoding system, and in particular, a selective encoding method for improving coding efficiency by significantly reducing the amount of data by processing not coded for a macroblock unit having no change from a previous frame. To the device.
최근 들어 영상전화 또는 화상회의시스템등에서의 응용을 목적으로 동영상을 매우 낮은 비트율로 부호화하는 동영상압축기술에 대한 국제 표준화 작업이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, H.263 비디오코덱등에서는 이용가능한 데이타속도에서 최고의 비디오품질을 제공하도록 동영상의 고압축이 필수적이다. 이를 위해서, 기존에는 프레임단위의 동영상신호를 일정크기의 구획단위로 나누어 부호화하는 기법이 광범위하게 사용되었으며, 그 성능 향상을 위한 연구와 새로운 개념의 압축기법을 개발하는 연구가 병행되고 있다.Recently, international standardization of video compression technology for encoding video at very low bit rate for video telephony or video conferencing system has been actively conducted. In particular, for H.263 video codecs, high compression of video is essential to provide the best video quality at the available data rates. To this end, conventionally, a technique of dividing and encoding a video signal of a frame unit into a unit of a predetermined size has been widely used, and a study for improving performance and developing a new concept of a compressor method have been conducted in parallel.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 이전프레임과의 변화가 없는 16×16 화소의 매크로블록단위에 대해 부호화불필요(not coded)로 처리하여 데이타량을 감소시켜 부호화효율을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 선택적 부호화방법을 제공함에 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a selective encoding method in which a 16 × 16 pixel macroblock unit having no change from the previous frame is processed as not coded to reduce the amount of data to improve encoding efficiency. In providing.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 전술한 선택적 부호화방법을 하드웨어적으로 구현하기 위한 장치를 제공함에 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for hardware implementation of the above-described selective encoding method.
제1도는 본 발명에 의한 선택적 부호화장치를 나타내는 구성도.1 is a block diagram showing a selective encoding apparatus according to the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
11 : 일정크기구획수단 12 : 영역분할수단11: constant size planning means 12: area division means
13 : 감산기 14 : 계산부13 subtractor 14 calculation unit
15 : COD결정부 16 : 부호화부15: COD determining unit 16: encoding unit
이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 선택적 부호화방법은, 동영상부호화시스템에 있어서, (1) 입력되는 인접한 두프레임단위의 동영상신호를 각각 일정크기의 구획단위로 나누어 출력하는 단계와, (2) 상기 일정크기의 구획단위 동영상신호를 영역분할하여 출력하는 단계와, (3) 상기 분할된 인접한 두프레임의 같은 위치의 영역간에 상위비트부분의 차이를 구하는 단계와, (4) 상기 차이가 존재하는 영역의 갯수와 그 차이의 절대합을 상기 구획단위로 계산하는 단계와, (5) 상기 계산한 영역갯수와 절대합을 각각 미리 설정한 문턱값과 비교하여 인접한 두프레임간의 변화를 판단하고, 그 판단에 따라 부호화 필요여부를 나타내는 COD를 결정하는 단계, 및 (6) 상기 결정된 COD를 체크하여 입력되는 구획단위 동영상신호를 선택적으로 부호화하는 단계를 포함한다.The selective encoding method of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises the steps of: (1) outputting a video signal of two adjacent frame units divided by a predetermined size division unit in the video encoding system, and (2) Segmenting and outputting the partition unit video signal having a predetermined size; (3) obtaining a difference between upper bit portions between regions of the same position of two divided adjacent frames; and (4) having the difference exists. Calculating the absolute sum of the number of regions and the difference in the partition unit, (5) comparing the calculated number of regions and the absolute sum with a preset threshold value respectively to determine a change between two adjacent frames, and Determining a COD indicating whether encoding is necessary according to a determination, and (6) selectively encoding a partition unit video signal input by checking the determined COD. It includes.
본 발명의 다른 목적을 달성하기 위한 선택적 부호화장치는, 동영상부호화시스템에 있어서, 입력되는 이전프레임과 현재프레임의 동영상신호를 각각 매크로블록단위로 나누어 출력하는 일정크기구획수단과, 상기 매크로블록단위 동영상신호를 일정개의 블록들로 영역분할하여 출력하는 영역분할수단과, 상기 분할된 이전프레임과 현재프레임의 같은 위치의 블록들간에 상위비트차이를 구하는 감산기와, 상기 차이가 존재하는 블록의 갯수와 그 차이의 절대합을 매크로블록단위로 계산하는 계산부와, 상기 계산한 블록갯수와 절대합을 각각 미리 설정한 문턱값과 비교하여 COD를 결정하는 COD결정부, 및 상기 결정된 COD를 체크하여 해당하는 매크로블록단위의 동영상신로를 선택적으로 부호화하는 부호화부를 포함한다.According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a selective encoding apparatus comprising: a constant size planning means for dividing a video signal of an input previous frame and a current frame into macroblock units, respectively, and outputting the macroblock unit video; A region dividing means for region dividing a signal into predetermined blocks and outputting the result; a subtractor for obtaining an upper bit difference between the blocks at the same position of the divided previous frame and the current frame, the number of blocks having the difference, and A calculation unit for calculating the absolute sum of the difference in macroblock units, a COD determination unit for determining a COD by comparing the calculated number of blocks and the absolute sum with a preset threshold value, and the determined COD And an encoder for selectively encoding a video signal in macroblock units.
이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 기술하기로 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
제1도는 본 발명에 의한 선택적 부호화장치의 구성도를 나타낸다. 제1도에 나타낸 장치는 입력되는 프레임단위 동영상신호를 일정크기의 구획으로 나누어 출력하는 복수개의 일정크기구획부(111,112)로 된 일정크기구획수단(11)과, 일정크기구획부(111,112)에 대응하게 연결되어 입력되는 일정크기의 구획단위 동영상신호를 영역분할하여 출력하는 복수개의 영역분할부(121,122)로 된 영역분할수단(12)을 구비한다. 제1도의 장치는 또한, 인접한 두 프레임에 대해 분할된 각 영역간에 상위 비트의 차이(difference)를 구하는 감산기(13)와, 차이가 존재하는 영역의 갯수와 그 차이의 절대합(sum of absolute; SAD)을 계산하는 계산부(14)를 구비한다. 계산부(14)에는 차이가 존재하는 영역의 갯수와 절대합을 미리 설정한 문턱값(threshold)과 각각 비교하여 부호화필요여부를 나타내는 1비트의 COD(coded or not-coded)를 결정하는 COD결정부(15)가 연결된다. COD결정부(15)에는 결정된 COD를 체크하여 부호화가 불필요한 매크로블록에 대해서는 부호화하지 않고 부호화가 필요한 매크로블록에 대해서만 부호화하여 전송하는 부호화부(16)가 연결되도록 구성된다.1 is a block diagram of a selective encoding apparatus according to the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided with constant size planning means 11 comprising a plurality of constant size planning units 111 and 112 for outputting divided input unit-by-frame video signals into sections having a predetermined size, and constant size planning units 111 and 112. And a region dividing unit (12) comprising a plurality of region dividing units (121, 122) for dividing the region unit video signals having a predetermined size and being inputted correspondingly. The apparatus of FIG. 1 also includes a subtractor 13 that obtains the difference of higher bits between each divided region for two adjacent frames, the number of regions where the difference exists and the sum of absolute; The calculation part 14 which calculates SAD) is provided. The calculation unit 14 compares the number of absolute regions and the absolute sum with a preset threshold, respectively, to determine a COD (coded or not-coded) of 1 bit indicating whether encoding is required. The part 15 is connected. The COD determining unit 15 is configured such that the encoding unit 16 which checks the determined COD and encodes and transmits only the macroblocks requiring encoding without being encoded is not encoded for macroblocks that do not require encoding.
이러한 구성을 갖는 본 발명의 선택적 부호화장치에 대한 동작을 좀더 구체적으로 설명한다.The operation of the selective encoding apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration will be described in more detail.
먼저, 일정크기구획수단(11)에서 제1일정크기구획부(111)는 이전(N-1)프레임의 동영상신호를 입력받아 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위로 나누어 제1영역분할부(121)로 출력한다. 제2일정크기구획부(112)는 현재(N)프레임의 동영상신호를 입력받아 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위로 나누어 제2영역분할부(122)로 출력한다. 영역분할수단(12)에서 제1영역분할부 (121)는 입력되는 이전(N-1)프레임의 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위 동영상신호를 4×4 크기의 블록들로 영역분할한다. 제2영역분할부(122)는 입력되는 현재(N)프레임의 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위 동영상신호를 4×4 크기의 블록들로 영역분할한다. 감산기(13)는 현재(N)프레임의 동영상신호에 대한 4×4 크기의 블록들과 그에 대응하는 같은 위치의 이전프레임의 동영상신호에 대한 4×4 크기의 블록들간에 상위비트(MSB) 차이(difference)를 구한다. 여기서, 전체비트에 대해 차이를 구하면 차이값이 모두 존재하므로 상위비트부분에 대해서만 수행한다. 또한, 현재프레임과 이전프레임간의 차이가 한곳에 집중시 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위로 할 경우 잘못 판단할 수 있어 차이의 분포를 고려하여 영역분할을 한다. 물론, 4×4 크기의 블록 대신에 16×16 크기의 매크로블록단위로 감산한 후 이를 4×4 크기의 블록으로 영역분할할 수도 있다. 계산부(14)는 감산기(13)로부터 블록간의 차이를 입력받아 차이가 존재하는 4×4 크기의 블록 갯수와 차이의 절대합(SAD)을 매크로블록단위로 계산한다. COD결정부(15)는 매크로블록단위로 계산한 차이가 존재하는 4×4 크기의 블록 갯수가 미리 설정한 문턱값(예를 들어, 4개) 이하이고, 그 블록의 절대합이 미리 설정한 문턱값(예를 들어, 24) 보다 작으면 그 매크로블록이 이전프레임의 같은 위치의 매크로블록과 변화가 없는 경우로 판단하여 COD를 “1”로 결정한다. COD결정부(15)는 그 매크로블록내의 차이가 존재하는 블록갯수가 “4”이상이고, 그 차이의 절대합이 “24”보다 크면 이전프레임과의 변화가 있는 경우로 판단하여 COD를 “0”으로 결정한다. 여기서, COD는 매크로블록헤더(Macroblock header)의 첫번째 비트에 위치한다. 부호화부(16)는 결정된 COD에 따라 선택적으로 매크로블록단위의 부호화를 수행한다. 부호화부(16)는 COD가 “1”이면 그 매크로블록에 대해 “부호화불필요”로 판단하여 COD가 “1”인 매크로블록들에 대해서는 부호화하지 않고, COD가 “0”인 매크로블록들에 대해서만 부호화하여 전송한다.First, the first schedule planning unit 111 receives a video signal of a previous (N-1) frame and divides the video signal of the previous (N-1) frame into macroblock units having a size of 16 × 16. ) The second schedule planning unit 112 receives the video signal of the current (N) frame and divides it into 16 × 16 macroblock units and outputs the same to the second area divider 122. In the area dividing means 12, the first area dividing unit 121 divides the 16 × 16 macroblock unit video signal of the previous (N-1) frame into 4 × 4 blocks. The second area divider 122 divides the 16 × 16 macroblock unit video signal of the current (N) frame into 4 × 4 blocks. The subtractor 13 is a higher bit (MSB) difference between 4x4 sized blocks for the video signal of the current (N) frame and 4x4 sized blocks for the video signal of the previous frame at the same position. Find (difference). Here, if the difference is found for all bits, all difference values exist, so only the upper bit part is performed. In addition, when the difference between the current frame and the previous frame is concentrated in one place, if the size is 16 × 16 macroblock unit, it may be wrongly judged, and the division is performed considering the distribution of the difference. Of course, instead of the 4x4 block, the block may be subtracted in units of 16x16 macroblocks and then divided into 4x4 blocks. The calculator 14 receives the difference between the blocks from the subtractor 13 and calculates the number of blocks having a size of 4 × 4 and the absolute sum (SAD) of the differences in macroblock units. The COD determination unit 15 has a number of blocks of 4x4 size in which the difference calculated in macroblock units is less than or equal to a preset threshold (for example, four), and the absolute sum of the blocks is set in advance. If it is smaller than the threshold value (eg, 24), the macroblock is determined to be unchanged from the macroblock at the same position of the previous frame, and the COD is determined to be "1". If the number of blocks in which the difference exists in the macroblock is greater than or equal to "4" and the absolute sum of the difference is greater than "24", the COD determination unit 15 determines that there is a change from the previous frame and sets the COD to "0." To be decided. Here, the COD is located in the first bit of the macroblock header. The encoder 16 selectively encodes macroblock units according to the determined COD. If the COD is "1", the encoding unit 16 determines that the macroblock is "no coding required" and does not encode macroblocks having a COD of "1". Only the macroblocks having a COD of "0" are encoded. Encode and send.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 선택적 부호화방법 및 그 장치는, 인접한 두프레임의 동영상신호에 대해 16×16 크기의 매크로블록을 4×4 크기의 블록으로 나누어 그 차이가 존재하는 블록의 수와 차이의 절대합을 통해 이전프레임과의 변화가 없는 매크로블록을 찾아 부호화불필요로 처리하므로써 데이타량을 크게 감소시켜 부호화효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는다. 즉, 부호화속도와 프레임레이트를 향상시킬 수 있고 비트레이트를 감소시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는다.As described above, in the selective encoding method and the apparatus of the present invention, a 16 × 16 macroblock is divided into 4 × 4 sized blocks for video signals of two adjacent frames, and the number and the number of blocks in which the difference exists are different. By finding the macroblock that is not changed from the previous frame through the absolute sum of N and processing it as coding unnecessary, the data amount is greatly reduced, thereby improving the coding efficiency. That is, the coding rate and frame rate can be improved and the bit rate can be reduced.
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| KR100463003B1 (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 2005-06-01 | 주식회사 팬택앤큐리텔 | Method for encoding contour of MPEG-4 VOP |
| TW515192B (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2002-12-21 | Noa Kk Off | Compression method of motion picture image data and system there for |
| KR100643454B1 (en) * | 2001-11-17 | 2006-11-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Video data transmission control method |
| KR100585710B1 (en) * | 2002-08-24 | 2006-06-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Variable length video encoding method |
| KR100493702B1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2005-06-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Image communication system and operating method thereof |
| JP6340567B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社アクセル | Movie playback method and movie playback system |
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