JPS61199593A - Laser-beam induction device for machining three-dimensional work - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] The present invention has five controlled movement axes, the first and second movement axes being horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and a fourth axis of motion is coaxially realized by a rotatable and variable length vertical telescope device, and a fifth axis of motion is a horizontal rotation axis about which the laser head can rotate. ,
The present invention relates to a guiding device for a laser beam for machining a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror and has a self-supporting structure below the third motion axis. A self-supporting structure is one in which the component that generates movement and the component that guides the laser beam are not constructed separately and connected to each other, but are combined into an integrated structure that guides the laser beam to the center. shall mean any equipment that has been installed.

The above-mentioned guidance device is used in laser cutting equipment for laser-cuttable materials with a thickness that can be cut by the laser, and has 5 degrees of freedom of movement, so it can cut and drill even three-dimensional workpieces. It is possible.

[Conventional technology]

A known laser cutting device of this type (West German Patent No. 3011
No. 244) enables the laser cutting of hollow and possibly flexible three-dimensional molded parts. For this purpose, the molded part and the complementary carrier are mounted in a positive and restraining manner in the mold.

When cutting with the known device in a workpiece area arranged at an angle to the horizontal, the laser head is set at the desired angle with respect to the surface of the workpiece area in question. The laser head is preferably set perpendicular to the workpiece surface in order to obtain a uniform groove width of the kerf at as high a forward speed as possible. In this case, the laser head is swiveled around a horizontal rotation axis in any case, so that the point of entry, ie the point where the laser beam meets the workpiece surface, lies outside the vertical axis of the telescoping device.

Also, when setting the laser head vertically, the laser
~ Since it is necessary to deflect the beam twice in the Rad pivot axis, the central axis of the laser head is offset with respect to the axis of the telescoping device, and for this reason the simplest use of the transmissive device vertically even if the point of incidence is outside the telescope axis.

This location of the point of incidence makes programming for the computer-controlled movement of the laser head and guiding device extremely difficult. Moreover, since the guiding device is moved around the workpiece externally, i.e. outside the recess, it has to traverse a large number of paths and at transitions in the contour of the workpiece, for example from a straight path to a curved path. In order for the advance at the cutting point to be as constant as possible during the transition to the desired uniform groove width, it must be moved at varying speeds.

When cutting a through hole in a horizontal or non-horizontal workpiece area with a known device, if the angle of incidence of the laser beam with respect to the workpiece surface is to be maintained, if the through hole is horizontal, the guiding device It must be moved along the Y axis of movement and, if the through hole is not horizontal, along two axes of vertical movement.

The type of guidance device in question is not only a laser cutting device;
Basically, it is also unsuitable for laser welding equipment or equipment for removing material from the surface of a workpiece using a laser beam, such as equipment for engraving. Other areas of use are hardening, melting and surface alloying.

Although only laser cutting will be discussed below, the device according to the invention can be used in all laser applications where it is important to accurately guide and move the laser head and workpiece relative to each other.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

An object of the present invention is to provide a laser beam guiding device that allows easy programming of the motion process, has a short path, and is capable of machining two-dimensional and three-dimensional workpieces while maintaining uniform kerfs. be. For the purpose of this application [
A two-dimensional workpiece is a component of a three-dimensional workpiece as a whole, although it is formed generally flat on a horizontal surface.
Or refer to possible workpieces.

[Means for solving the problem, effects and effects of the invention] The above object is achieved based on the invention by six comparable embodiments, starting from the category indicated at the beginning. According to a first and simplest embodiment, a further axis of motion, which is designed as a horizontal pivot axis, is provided parallel to the axis of rotation of the laser head, such that the distance between this axis of movement and the axis of rotation of the laser head is such that the distance between this axis of movement and the axis of rotation of the laser head is The deflection of the laser beam at the auxiliary pivot axis is set such that the central axes of the telescoping device and the laser head are always in a common vertical plane, and the point of incidence of the laser beam on the workpiece surface is Machining to machine the rotation angle of the auxiliary rotation axis and the laser head rotation axis so that it can be adjusted from a position on the virtual extension of the central axis of the telescope device to a position offset laterally from this extension. They can be programmed and adjusted in sync with each other depending on the position of the object surface.

Here, the simple expression "length of the laser head" represents the distance between the center of the last deflection mirror, that is, the laser head rotation axis that coincides with the center, and the incident point.

In the device according to the invention, if the lengths of the deflection paths of the laser beams at the pivot axis are equal, the central axes of the telescope device and the laser head are necessarily in a common plane. This is advantageous for controlling and programming the movement of the device and allows for shorter travel distances. Due to the above-mentioned axis spacing, the swivel angle can be adjusted over a large angular range with one horizontal turning axis in order to reach all the workpiece surfaces, always directing the laser beam to the surface of the workpiece area in question. Vertical alignment is possible.

Within the scope of the invention, "swivel angle" refers to the angle between the folded position of the pivotable component of the guidance device and the central axis, connected to the respectively conceived pivot axis, in which case: The apex of the corner is on the pivot axis.

If the rotation angles of the horizontal rotation axes at each stage of the cutting process are programmed in sync with each other so that the point of incidence of the laser beam on the workpiece surface is on the virtual extension of the central axis of the telescope device, It is particularly advantageous for programming and controlling the device.

This procedure ensures that the position of the vertical center axis relative to the horizontal coordinate axes X and Y always coincides with the position of the point of incidence on the workpiece surface, regardless of the respective angular position of the workpiece surface relative to the horizontal.

It is clear that this greatly simplifies the programming for automatic movement processes.

This is because the position of the central axis of the telescoping device can be used as the basis for programming with the horizontal reference axes X and Y. When programming the swivel angle synchronously, the swivel angle of the laser head is first determined depending on the desired angle of incidence of the laser beam on the workpiece surface, and thus the swivel angle set by the auxiliary swivel angle is included. It becomes a complementary form.

When a two-dimensional cut, that is, a cut perpendicular to a flat horizontal workpiece surface is to be made with the guidance device according to the invention, the pivot angle of the pivot axis assumes a value of zero. The position of the entry point transversely to the central axis of the telescoping device is useful for making special cuts in the workpiece, for example in difficult-to-access locations.

In order to easily perform arc-shaped cuts on two-dimensional workpieces, the guiding device according to the invention is preferably configured as follows. In other words, in order to cut through holes in which the cutting edge runs at least partially in the form of an arc in a horizontal workpiece area, the swivel angles of the loser head swivel axis and the adjacent horizontal swivel axis are adjusted to the same magnitude. , the telescoping device is rotated to perform the arc-shaped cut. In the case of the above coincident swivel angle arrangement, which can also be preprogrammed, the central axis of the rotating telescoping device and the central axis of the laser head run parallel to each other with a mutual spacing corresponding to the radius of the arc to be cut. . In this case as well, the above two central axes are always in a common vertical plane. However, this vertical plane rotates with the telescope device about the central axis of the telescope device when cutting the circular arc. If an arc-shaped cutting edge follows a straight cut, for example in the case of an elongated hole with parallel sides and ending with semi-circular arcs on both sides, after the rotation of each semi-circle is completed, the above-mentioned coincident turning The angle m alignment is maintained and the guide device t is moved linearly on the X or Y axis depending on the position of the elongated hole. ,
In that case, the imaginary extension of the central axis of the telescoping device is
Move along the vertical central axis of the elongated hole.

If a circular hole is to be made in a horizontal workpiece area by the above-mentioned simple alignment of the guiding device, the similarly adjusted guiding device should be rotated around the central axis of the telescope device. Rotate 360'. All other movement axes then do not move.

If another horizontal axis of rotation is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the laser head, the laser beam is passed between the two axis of rotation through another telescope device with variable length M control, and the axis of movement It is preferable to configure the guiding device so as to configure. Since another degree of freedom of movement is thus obtained, the range of three-dimensional use of the guidance device is further expanded.

In a second comparable construction of the guidance device corresponding to the class indicated at the beginning, 3116] parallel to the laser head pivot axis.
another axis of movement configured as a horizontal pivot axis, the distance between the first and second pivot axes being equal to the distance between the second and third pivot axes of the pivot axes arranged downstream of the telescoping device; and the distance between the third pivot axis and the axis of the laser head plus the length of the laser head, in which case the telescope device and the laser Set the deflection of the laser beams of all the pivot axes so that the central axes of the heads are aligned with each other, and
An 8g20 rotating shaft that is restrained 360° is provided between the rotating shafts.

This comparable embodiment of the guidance device is such that the swivel angle of the third swivel axis (counted from the telescope device) and the laser head swivel axis takes the value of zero, and only the swivel angle of the first and second swivel axis Program control allows all the operations or adjustments as mentioned above in connection with the first embodiment.

This comparable embodiment also allows for throughholes with arc-shaped cutting edges to be formed even in workpiece areas arranged obliquely to the horizontal.
Opens up the possibility of easy cutting as described above.

This is done as follows. In order to make through-hole cuts, i.e. in non-horizontal workpiece areas, in which the cutting edge runs at least partially in the form of an arc, the second rotary axis is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, and the third pivot axis and the laser. The rotation angle of the first and second rotation axes is adjusted so that the rotation angle of the head rotation axis is adjusted according to the cutting radius so that the second rotation axis and the central axis of the laser head are parallel to each other, and the laser head is rotated. It is rotationally driven around the second rotation axis. When drilling with the guidance device configured in this way, the X-axis, Y-axis,
The axis and all pivot axes are motionless.

In the second comparable structure of the guidance device, between the first and second pivot axes, the laser beam between these two pivot axes is directed to another telescope device whose length is variably controlled. through which another axis of movement can be constructed. In this way, the vertical height compensation required due to the difference in the angular adjustment of the laser head, ie the difference in the swivel angle of the laser head pivot axis, can be achieved without changing the length of the vertical telescope in the two directions.

According to the 8g3 equivalent embodiment of the invention [K, another axis of motion configured as a horizontal pivot axis is provided parallel to the pivot axis of the laser head and between the pivot axis of the laser head and the laser head. Two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes parallel to the two pivot axes are provided, one of which is configured as a fixed axis and the other as a telescoping axis, with the pivot axis of the laser head ° and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis. 3600 between
A second axis of rotation is provided to be controlled, and the spacing between the two pivot axes is the sum of the spacing between the pivot axis of the laser head and the laser beam deflection axis adjacent to the laser head plus the length of the laser head. If the rotation angle of the two rotation axes takes a value of zero and the telescope axis does not change length,
The deflection of the laser beam is set by the pivot axis and the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes so that the central axes of the telescope device and the laser head are aligned with each other.

Further measures suitable for this embodiment are evident in subframes 8 to 10.

With the three comparable embodiments of the guidance device mentioned so far, the point of incidence of the laser beam on the workpiece surface can be adjusted using the telescoping device mentioned at the beginning, so that the movement process can be easily programmed. It can be positioned vertically below the central axis. At least the central axes of the telescope device and the laser head are on a common vertical plane. This is also advantageous for controlling and programming the movement of the device and allows shorter travel distances. It applies to laser cutting of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional workpiece areas. Furthermore, an embodiment of the device has been proposed which allows circular laser cutting to be carried out in a simple manner in horizontal and non-horizontal workpiece areas without moving the device in the coordinate axes X, Y and Z. This allows program-controlled production of through-holes in which the cutting edge runs at least partially in the form of an arc in all workpiece areas.

In a fourth embodiment, starting from the classification indicated at the beginning,
A horizontal guide tube is provided at the lower end of the telescope device, in which the laser beam is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror, and another movement axis configured as a horizontal rotation axis is attached to the free end of the guide tube as the laser head pivot axis. and between the laser head rotation axis and the laser head, two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes parallel to the two rotation axes are provided, and both of these deflection axes are configured as horizontal rotation axes. or one of them is configured as a fixed axis and the other as a moving axis of variable length, with three
If a second rotation axis controlled by 60° is provided and the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes are not adjusted to cut through an arc-shaped hole, the center axis of the telescope device and the laser head should be Set the deflection of the laser beam with the pivot axis and the 24 auxiliary laser beam (fil) axes so that they are always in a common vertical plane.

The guidance device of the whistle 4 embodiment has the advantage that the laser head can reach vertical or puck-taper workpiece areas that were hitherto very difficult to access or could not be accessed at all, in any direction. Both straight-line cuts and simplified arc cuts are possible with programmed cutting operations.

Further advantageous or preferred constructions of the guiding device according to the fourth embodiment are evident in dependent frames items 12 to 16.

According to a fifth comparable embodiment, starting from the guidance device shown at the outset, a second, length-variably controlled telescoping device is connected to the lower end of the telescoping procedure to provide another horizontal The laser beam is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror in this telescoping device, and a third variable length controlled telescoping device is connected to this telescoping device to achieve another vertical movement. The laser beam is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror in the third telescope device, and the third
A fixed laser beam deflection axis parallel to the laser head rotation axis is provided at the lower end of the telescope device, and the laser beam is deflected toward the laser head rotation axis by this deflection axis. Two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes parallel to the head rotation axis are provided,
Both of these deflection axes are configured as horizontal rotation axes, or one of them is configured as a fixed axis and the other as a moving axis of variable length, so that the laser head rotation axis and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis are A second rotating shaft that can rotate 360° is provided in between, making it 211l! If the auxiliary laser beam deflection axis of l is not adjusted to cut through an arc-shaped hole, the laser head rotation axis and The deflection of the laser beam is set using three laser beam deflection axes.

This fifth comparable embodiment of the guidance device also allows the fourth
As already mentioned in the embodiment 1, cutting can be carried out in areas of the workpiece that were hitherto difficult to access or could not be accessed at all, and in this fifth embodiment the freedom of movement of the guiding device is further increased. This gives greater adaptability to the shape and spatial location of the workpiece being machined.

Advantageous or preferred constructions of the fifth comparable embodiment are evident in paragraphs 18 to 22 of the prompting frame.

According to a sixth simple embodiment, starting from the category indicated at the beginning, a horizontal fixed laser beam deflection axis arranged parallel to the laser head pivot axis is connected to the lower end of the telescope device, and this The laser beam is deflected toward the laser head rotation axis by the deflection axis, and two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes parallel to the laser head rotation axis are provided between the laser head rotation axis and the laser head, and these deflection axes are Either can be configured as a horizontal pivot axis, or one can be configured as a fixed axis and the other as a variable-length moving axis, with 360° control between the laser head rotation axis and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis. If a second rotation axis is provided, and the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes are not adjusted for the cutting of arc-shaped through holes, the central axes of the telescope device and the laser head must be aligned in a common vertical direction. Fixed laser beam deflection axis, laser head rotation axis and 2 (15
Set the laser beam deflection with the auxiliary laser beam deflection axis.

This sixth counterpart embodiment of the guidance device also offers the basic possibilities of other counterpart embodiments, despite its relatively simple construction.

A further advantageous construction of the sixth embodiment of the guiding device is evident in dependent frame section 24.

In a fourth to sixth embodiment, the rotation axis provided between the laser head pivot axis and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis is simultaneously configured as a telescoping device and thus simultaneously as a length-variable movement axis. It is preferable to arrange them as follows. This further increases the flexibility of the device.

Subparagraphs 26 to 29 of the dependent frames simplify the laser beam guidance inside the device by excluding deflections of the laser beam that are unnecessary for the cutting process in question in all comparable embodiments of the guiding device. This has the advantage that the optical path is shortened and the deflection mirror, which bears the burden of the laser beam, is spared.

Paragraph 30 of this article concerns the preferred application of all comparable embodiments of the guiding device to the production of tapered circular cutting edges. This is used when creating a countersunk hole,
This is desirable in the case of stripping the vertical cutting edges of arc-shaped cutouts.

〔Example〕

Next, other details of the invention will be explained in detail on the basis of the drawings showing examples.

FIG. 1 shows the entire structure of the laser cutting equipment, excluding the table for receiving the workpiece to be machined.

However, a device according to the invention is not shown.

After appropriate deflection, the laser beam generated by the CO, laser device I is guided parallel to the X-motion axis of the illustrated coordinate guidance machine, deflected in the direction of the X-motion axis and finally in the direction of the KZ-motion axis. The guiding elements for the X, Y and Z movement axes are mounted on the machine frame 2 with precision construction customary in coordinate guidance machines and are concealed by bellows. The thick arrows X, Y, and Z indicate the relevant movement axes, that is, the first . The second and third axes of motion are displayed, indicating possible path lengths. The annular arrow designated by the reference numeral 4 extends 36 mm around the central axis shown with the lower end cut away in FIG.
A fourth axis of movement realized with a telescopic device 3 rotatable by 0° is shown encoded.

As an alternative, the motion axes X, Y, and possibly 2 may be set on a processing table (not shown), and the workpiece on the table may be moved along these axes with respect to a guiding device to be described later. In this case, the axis of movement to be controlled will be distributed between the table and the guiding device.

The laser device can also be mounted on the coordinate guidance machine so that a lightweight laser device accompanies it in the X and Y directions and only needs to deflect the laser beam with a 45° deflection mirror onto the biaxial or telescoping device 3.

5 for explanation of the first embodiment of the guidance device based on the present invention.
First, reference is made to FIGS. 2 through 4. As is clear from the arrows X, Y, Z, 4, 5.6 and 7, 111! A separate 11 controlled movement axis is provided. The arrow 4 relates to the axis of rotation of the telescoping device 30, about which the telescoping device 3 can be rotated through 360°. Arrows 5 and 7 indicate the two pivot axes 11 and 1
4 shows a motion axis consisting of 4. The pivot axis 14 is the laser head 1
This is the pivot axis of 5. Laser head 15 includes a conventional laser beam focusing device, not shown.

Arrow 6 represents an auxiliary movement axis which is not essential in all embodiments. This axis of movement is made possible by a further telescopic device 16 whose length is variably controlled. This telescope device 16 makes it possible to adjust the distance between the pivot axis 11 and the laser head pivot axis 14.

A laser beam 17 emerging from the laser device 1 (FIGS. 2 and 3) and multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror is shown by a series of arrows.

Obviously, the central axis of the laser beam coincides with the central axis of each component of the guiding device.

The laser beam 17 is deflected from the X axis to the Y axis by a deflection mirror 18.
(Figure 3). A deflection mirror I9 (FIG. 2) similarly deflects from the Y axis to two axes. As shown in FIG. 4, there are two deflecting mirrors 20 and 21 on the pivot axis 11,
Among them, the deflection mirror 20 deflects the laser beam 17 toward the rotation axis 11 , and the deflection mirror 21 deflects it toward the laser head rotation axis 14 . The laser head rotation axis 24 has another 211 deflection mirrors 22 and 23, among which the deflection mirror 22 deflects the laser beam toward the rotation axis 14, and the deflection mirror 23 deflects the laser beam toward the rotation axis 14.
Deflection to 5 is performed.

The linear guidance of the X-axis and Y-axis is shown in Figures 2 and 3 with reference number 2.
4.25.

As shown in FIG. 4, since the lengths of the deflection paths of the laser beam between the pair of deflection mirrors 20.21 and 22.23 on the rotation axis 11 or 14 are equal, the extension of the guiding device shown in FIG. At this position, the central axes of the telescope device 3 and the laser head are aligned with each other without any offset. In this extended position, the point of incidence of the laser beam on the workpiece surface is of course in the imaginary extension of the central axis of the telescoping device 3. This extended position is used in two-dimensional cutting.

In the positions of the parts of the guidance device shown in FIG. 2, the further telescope device 16 is swiveled around the swivel axis 11 by a swivel angle α, and the laser head ° 15 is swiveled around the laser head swivel axis 14 by an angle β. It is being rotated. The angles α, β and possibly a further telescoping device 16 are shown cut away on the workpiece 2.
Depending on the inclination of the surface of the telescoping device 3, it is adjusted by program control, on the one hand, so that the central axis of the laser head runs perpendicular to the workpiece, and on the other hand, the virtual extension of the central axis of the telescoping device 3 runs along the workpiece 260. It passes through the point of incidence 27 on the surface, so that the central axis of the laser head and the above-mentioned imaginary extension meet at the point of incidence. This is done in this position of the guiding device. Since the horizontal cutting of the workpiece 26 requires movement of the guidance device only in the Y axis, the position of the two axes then representing the position of the point of entry 21, the creation of a program for such a cutting is extremely simple. Become. In the case of vertical cuts, the motion control is achieved by compound movements in the motion axes X and 2.

It is also possible to guide arbitrary three-dimensional cuts, in which case,
On the one hand, the axes X, Y and 2. On the other hand, by suitably controlling the movement axes 5, 7 and possibly 6, the intersection point shown in FIG. It is always held at the incident point 27. As can be readily seen by considering FIG. 2 and FIG. The central axes of the laser heads 15 are always on a common vertical plane. This also allows for simplification of program control. The above-mentioned cutting situation is
As shown in the figure. In this case, the laser head 15 has a turning angle α=90
As is, the angle is shown in three different positions: β=0° (solid line) and β=90° (dashed line), thus reaching three difficult-to-access surface areas of the workpiece 26.

FIG. 5 shows a simple through-hole cutting performed on the surface of a workpiece in a horizontal position using the guiding device shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. Only the contour line of the cut through hole is shown, and for the sake of clarity, it is shown rotated at 90° from the actual horizontal position to the drawing plane. It is an elongated hole with two parallel cutting edges 28.29 and two closing semicircular cutting edges 30.31. Since the rotation angles α and β of the rotation axis 11 or 14 are adjusted to the same magnitude KJ' by program control according to the desired radius r of the semicircular cutout, the central axes of the telescope device 3 and the laser head are They run in parallel and are offset from each other by a radius r. To create the illustrated elongated hole, movements of the guiding device are carried out in only two axes, namely the Y-movement axis and the rotational movement 4.

First, the central axis of the telescope device 3 is set to either the center 33 or 34 of the circle by program control,
Next, a semicircle 30 or 31 is cut by rotating the rotary shaft 4 by 180°. The guide device is then moved in the direction of the Y-axis of movement until the center of the other circle is vertically below the central axis of the telescoping device 3. The distance between the centers 33 and 34 of the circles indicates the distance traveled by the central axis of the telescope device 3. After the linear movement, the missing semicircle is cut by another 180° rotation of the axis of movement 4. When cutting out a circle, the movement on the X axis is also Y
A movement of the movement axis is also not necessary, in this case only a rotation about the fourth movement axis takes place. This results in a significant programming simplification for the movement process of the guiding device.

In the guidance device shown in FIG.
5 is provided. As shown in the drawings, the laser beam 12 is guided from beginning to end inside a guiding device made of a tubular member. The servo motors attached to the tubular member are not shown in all figures for the servo movement of each axis of motion which is program controlled independently of each other. The structure, mounting method and operation of the servo motor are the same as in the prior art.

The second embodiment of the guiding device according to the invention, shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, has, in addition to the single pivot axis 14 of the laser head, three further pivot axes 11, 12, 13. Furthermore, compared to the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 5, pivot shafts 12 and 13 are additionally provided. All the pivot axes 11 and 14 are constructed in the same way, and also in the pivot axes 12 and 13 the required deflection of the laser beam is achieved by means of 45° deflection mirrors arranged in pairs and arranged at 45°. 36.37 or 38°39. On the other hand, another telescope device 16 is placed between the pivot axes 11 and 12, forming the movement axis 6. The guide device shown in the extended position in FIG. 8 has a total of ten axes of motion. This is indicated by arrows X, Y, Z, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.10. The axis of movement indicated by arrow 8 is the axis of rotation that allows for 360° rotation. It should be noted that the horizontal lines indicated by reference numerals 40 to 44 in FIGS. 4 and 8 respectively represent pivot planes or rotational planes of the device members in which relative movement of adjacent device members takes place.

As is clear from the extended position of the guidance device shown in FIG. 8, the central axes of the telescope device 3 and the laser head are now aligned in a straight line at this position. In this position of the device, vertical cutting of the workpiece surface in the horizontal plane is carried out by controlling the movement axes X and Y.

101 motion axes x, y, z seen in FIG.

4.5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.10 can easily cut through holes on the surface of a workpiece placed obliquely to the horizontal (Fig. 7). When making a straight line cut on the above-mentioned workpiece surface which is placed at an angle (FIG. 6), the guiding device starts from the extended position of FIG. 11 and 14 are only displaced with respect to the angles α and β.

The motion axes &, 9.10 are unchanged in adjustment relative to the extended position shown in FIG. The central axis of the head therefore clearly intersects the extension of the central axis of the chillscope device 3 at the cutting point 21 on the surface of the workpiece 260, so that the cutting point is now vertically below the axis of z-motion. FIG. 6 also shows that another telescope device Z6 extends to a spacing between pivot axes 11 and 14 that is greater than the spacing between pivot axes 14 and cutting point 27. FIG. The situation is similar in FIG. 7, which will be described later.

In order to make a circular cut on the surface of a workpiece 26 that is placed obliquely to the horizontal, the angle α and angle of one pivot axis 11 or 12 are adjusted so that the rotation axis 8 is aligned perpendicularly to the surface of the workpiece 26. β
is adjusted. Furthermore, starting from the position shown in FIG. 6, depending on the desired size of the radius r of the circular cut 44, the pivot axis 1 is
,? , 14 are set. For ease of legibility, the circular cut 44 in FIG. 1 is shown rotated 90 degrees from its actual position into the drawing plane.

As can be seen immediately, since the angles r and δ can be arbitrarily adjusted to be small in the same way as the angles α and β in FIG. .

As FIG. 7 clearly shows, the center 45 of the circle is the axis of rotational motion 8.
It is an extension of The circular cut 44 is exclusively a movement axis 80360
This is done by rotation, all other nine axes of motion are stationary.

Of course, other geometric cutting shapes with workpiece surfaces inclined to the horizontal, e.g. elongated holes of the type shown in FIG.
It can be cut with the laser head 15. in this case,
If the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole is horizontal, the rotational axis 8 and the Y-axis will move sequentially during the cutting process.

By suitably angularly adjusting the central axis of the laser head 5 with respect to the surface of the workpiece, a non-perpendicular cutting edge, ie a cutting edge running in the i-th direction, can be obtained. In that case, the position of the cutting point is on the imaginary extension of the central axis of the sight telescope device 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 with respect to the field angle cutting edge.

For example, in the case of a circular cavity, a hole with a tapered cutting edge, which may be desirable depending on the application of the workpiece, is possible with the simple motion control illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7. In this case, for the situation shown in FIG. 5 or 7, the turning angles α and β or r and δ
adjustments will be made.

During the control, the movement axes X, Y, Z and 4 are programmed with exact dimensions, and the angular adjustment of the movement axes 5 and 7 or 5 to 1o, consisting of the pivot axes, is carried out automatically according to a separately defined program. In this way, when simply machining a through hole in a workpiece, by inputting the radius of the hole, the rotation angle of the corresponding rotation axis can be adjusted.

To explain two variants of the third embodiment of the device according to the invention, reference will now be made to FIGS. 9 and 10. In this embodiment, the axes 13 and 14 are not pivot axes as in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 to 8, but are non-swivelable laser beam deflection axes, and the double arrow indicated by reference numeral 9 is in both figures. As shown, one axis is configured as a telescopically variable length movement axis, and the other axis is non-variable in length.

The cut-away part of the device according to FIGS. 9 and 10 is
This corresponds to the part not shown in FIG. 8.

In FIG. 9, the axis of motion 9 rests on the axis 13, and the axis 14 is not variable in length. i.e. two deflecting mirrors 2
The interval between 2 and 23 is constant. On the other hand, the deflection mirrors 38 and 3
9 spacing changes with length changes. Obviously that K
Therefore, the laser head 15 is moved in parallel to the right or left from the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, which is aligned with the central axis of the telescope device 3 (not shown). The position of the laser head 15 that has moved in parallel is indicated by a dotted line. In this way, the radius r can be set to perform arc cutting on both two-dimensional and three-dimensional workpieces. The radius r may be extremely small. In that case, if the radius r is programmed and set and rotated about the second rotation axis 8,
Arc cutting is performed by the laser head 15.

In the variant shown in FIG. 10, axis 13 is a laser beam deflection axis of constant length, and deflection mirror 3! j, 39 are on this axis at regular intervals. On the other hand, since the shaft 14 has the possibility of telescopic expansion and contraction, the deflection mirror 22.
23 interval changes. In this case as well, in order to perform circular arc cutting, the axis of each laser head is set to the right or left from the position shown by the solid line, which is aligned with the central axis of the telescope device 3 (not shown), and the radius r is set. . The position moved to the left is indicated by a dotted line.

The embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 9 and 10 shows that the shaft 1
A programmable radius adjustment is possible with only a single linear movement of the axis of motion 9 on axis 3 or axis 14. However, with a guiding device constructed in this way, only arc-shaped cutting edges perpendicular to the workpiece surface are possible.

Obviously, FIGS. 11 to 14 belong to a fourth embodiment of the guidance device, while FIGS. 15 to 19 and 820
Figures 1 to 25 belong to a fifth or sixth embodiment of the guidance device. Figures 26 to 29 show device details applicable to all embodiments. Identical or equivalent parts of equipment in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals.

To explain the fourth embodiment of the guiding device, reference is now first made to FIGS. 11-14.

The double arrows X and Y indicate the coordinate movement axes of a guidance machine (not shown) for moving the vertical telescoping device 3 in the direction of the drawing plane. The double arrow 2 indicates the vertical movement axis given by the telescoping device 3. The annular arrow 4 encodes a fourth axis of movement realized by the telescoping device 3, which is rotatable through 360° about its central axis.

As an alternative, in all embodiments the movement axes X, Y and possibly 2 can also be provided on the processing table (not shown), and the workpiece on the table can be moved along the axes mentioned above with respect to the guidance device described below.

In this case, the axis of movement to be controlled is distributed between the table and the guiding device.

CO, laser beam 1 emitted from a laser device (not shown)
7 is deflected to the telescope device 3 by a deflecting mirror 19. A horizontal guide tube 46 is mounted at right angles to the lower end of the telescope device 30, in which the laser beam is deflected by another deflection mirror 47. At the outer end of the guide tube 46 there is a laser beam deflection axis, which is configured as a horizontal turning axis 11 and forms a fifth axis of movement, indicated by arrow 5. Two deflection mirrors 2 on the rotation axis 11
0 and 2I, the laser beam coming from the deflecting mirror 47 is deflected by this deflecting mirror 20 or 2r11C to the pivot axis 11 or from the pivot axis 11' to the second telescope device 16 connected to the pivot axis 11. deflected to The telescoping device 16 forms the sixth axis of movement of the guidance device, indicated by the double arrow 6.

A laser head pivot shaft 12 is provided at the outer end of the second telescope device 16 and is arranged parallel to the pivot shaft 11 . On this pivot axis 12 are deflecting mirrors 36 and 37. Two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes 13 and 14 are provided between the laser head rotation axis 12 and the laser head rotation axis 11.
12 and is provided in parallel. In the device of FIGS. 11 to 13, these deflection axes 13, 14 are constructed as pivot axes, which are indicated by arrows 9 and 10.

Arrow 2 belonging to the laser head pivot axis 12 indicates the seventh axis of movement of the guiding device, and arrows 9 and IO constitute the ninth and tenth axes of movement of said guiding device. An eighth axis of motion is obtained by providing a 360° controlled second axis of rotation 8, indicated in the drawing by the corresponding arrow, between the laser head pivot axis Z2 and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis 13. On the laser beam deflection axes 13 and 14 there is a pair of deflection mirrors 38, 39 or 22°23. The laser head' 15 includes a conventional laser beam focusing device (not shown) in this case.

As is clear from FIG. 13, since the travel distances of the laser beams along the axes 11 and 14 are the same, when the axis of rotation 8 is at the zero position shown, that is, when it is not rotating, the telescope The central axes of the device 3 and the laser head are always in a common vertical plane. 11, the distance between the central axis of the telescope device 3 and the horizontal rotation axis 11 is equal to the distance between the laser head pivot axis 12 and the point of incidence 27 of the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece 26. . In all figures, the workpiece 26 is shown only as a cut-out wall portion of a complete workpiece, which can have a complex three-dimensional shape.

As suggested in FIG. 11 for the example of an adjustment in which the laser beam is incident on a vertical surface of the workpiece 26, the above-mentioned spacing coincidence is such that the point of incidence 2 is vertically below the central axis of the telescoping device 3.
7 can be easily set by a program. In this case, the swivel angle α of the swivel axis 11 takes the value 90°, while the swivel angle β+13δ of the axes 12° 13 and 14 takes the value 90° or 0°. If the rotation angles r and δ are 0°, that is, the rotation axis 9. If angle adjustment is not performed at the ZO, in other words, if the rotation axis 8 and the central axis of the laser head 15 are aligned, the incident point 2 of the laser beam 17 on the workpiece surface will be
The angle α of the twelve pivot axes 11, 12 (Fig. 2) is such that 7 is always on the imaginary extension of the central axis of the telescope device 3.
and β can be programmed in sync with each other. It is clear that even if the workpiece surface is arranged obliquely and the axis of rotation 8 is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, the point of incidence 27 is thus vertically below the central axis of the telescoping device 3. Combiator system? It is clear that the creation of the combinator program for the movement of the laser head by IDK is thereby simplified.

The limit position obtained by adjusting the turning angles α and β and the second telescope device 16, in which the center axes of the first telescope device 3 and the laser head are aligned with each other, is the 12th limit position.
As shown in the figure. This adjustment is used for laser cutting in horizontal workpiece areas. Since the laser head 15 is in line in this case, the laser head 15 performs all the movements that the guidance machine controlled by the motion axes X and YK dictates for the guidance device. The turning angles r and δ shown in FIG. 12 likewise take the value 0°.

Starting from the position shown in FIG. 12, if a through hole is to be provided in a horizontal workpiece area, the cutting edge of which runs at least partially in the form of an arc, the second rotary shaft 8 and the laser head are The turning angles r and δ of the two turning axes 9 and 10 are adjusted according to the cutting radius r so that the central axes of the two turning shafts 9 and 10 run in parallel. Therefore, if the laser head 15 is rotated 80 times on the second rotation axis,
Desired holes can be easily obtained.

In non-horizontal workpiece areas, through-holes are likewise provided whose cutting edge has an at least partially arcuate course. For this purpose, the swivel angles α, β of the two swivel axes 1'1 and 12 are adjusted so that the second rotation axis 8 is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface. In this case, the center of the arc of the cut edge coincides with the rotation axis 8. After adjusting the angles γ and δ as described above to adjust the cutting radius r, the laser blade y13 is driven to rotate around the second rotation axis.

12th adjustment of laser head ° for cutting circular through holes
Suggested by the dashed line in the figure. This adjustment results in a reduction in the vertical distance between the deflection axis 13 and the cutting point.
This is compensated for by stretching 6 appropriately. the swivel angle α of the swivel axes 11 and 12 such that the center of the arc of the cutting edge is on a virtual extension of the central axis of the first telescoping device 3;
β is similarly adjusted. Reference numeral 64 in FIG. 12 indicates a circular hole in the cutout horizontal wall of workpiece i26. Reference numbers 43 and 65 (FIGS. 12 and 13) designate surfaces of rotation or pivoting that appear as horizontal lines between adjacent parts of the device;
The rotating surface 43 lies on the rotating axis B, and the rotating surface 65 belongs to the rotating axis 11.

In the partial device shown in FIG. 14, the shafts 13, 14 are not pivot axes, and 1. That is, they are fixed laser beam deflection axes, one of which is telescope-like and variable in length, thus forming the movement axis. This is indicated by double arrow 57. At the laser beam deflection axis 14,
If the axis Z3 is configured as a movement axis 57 of variable length, a telescopic adjustment is likewise possible. The cutaway portion of the device in FIG. 14 corresponds to the corresponding portion in FIGS. 11-13. The parallel displaced extended positions of the laser heads, which are made possible by the axis of motion 57, are marked in dashed lines in FIG. Since the cutting radius r can be set in this manner, circular holes can be cut by rotating the rotary shaft 8. Again, for through-hole cutting in both horizontal and non-horizontal workpiece areas, the adjustment of all equipment is programmed so that the axis of rotation 8 is aligned perpendicular to the workpiece surface and aligned with the center of the circular arc. .

For a description of the fifth embodiment, reference will now be made to FIG. 15 and FIG. 19. In the guidance device seen in these figures, a further length-variably controlled telescoping device 49 is connected to the lower end of the telescoping device 3, with another horizontal axis of movement 48 as suggested by the double arrow. Configure. At the free end of the telescoping device 49 there is a deflection mirror 51 which deflects the laser beam to a second telescoping device rt; The telescoping device 16 is aligned parallel to the fal vertical telescoping device without variation. The resulting vertical axis of motion 50 is indicated by a double arrow. This second vertical telescope device is the third telescope device that is controlled to have a variable length if you count all the telescope devices installed in front of it, and the lower end of the second vertical telescope device is parallel to the laser head rotation axis 12. A fixed laser beam deflection axis 52 is provided, on which deflection mirrors 63 and 62 are located. This laser beam deflection axis 52 directs the laser beam to the laser head rotation axis 12.
deflected to the side. The equipment elements between the laser head pivot axis Z2 and the laser heads are of the same construction as described in connection with the fourth embodiment in FIGS. 11-14. The variant of the device shown in FIG. 19 is in principle the same as that described with reference to FIG. However, in the case of FIG. 19, the length of the laser beam deflection axis 13 is variable, while the laser beam deflection axis 14 is configured as a fixed axis. As already mentioned, a movement axis 57 for adjustment of the cutting radius r is still possible.

Since the construction of the devices is similar in this respect, the guiding device according to FIGS. 15 to 19 also allows all workpiece areas to be provided with a through hole whose cutting edge runs at least partially in the form of an arc. can.

The case of a horizontal area is illustrated in FIG.

In the device shown in FIG. 17, the second telescope device 49 is
The laser beam rotation axis 5 at the lower end of the telescope device 16
It is adjusted by program control so that the length K corresponds to the distance between 2 and the laser head rotation axis 12. In this case, the first The central axes of the telescope f3 and the laser head 15 are aligned. As shown by the broken line in FIG. 17, if the turning angles r and δ of the turning axis 9 and IO are adjusted according to the desired cutting radius γ,
The center of the circular arc, the rotating shaft 8, and the central axis of the first telescope device 3 are aligned. Therefore, rotational drive around the rotating shaft 8 creates, for example, an arc-shaped through hole 64. The necessary travel distance compensation when adjusting the laser head 15 to the radial position shown in dotted lines is carried out by the second telescoping device 16, ie by adjusting the axis of movement 50.

FIG. 15 shows the adjustment of the guiding device when cutting in the vertical wall area of the workpiece. In this case, the turning angle β.

r and δ are each 0°. i.e. axis 12.13
．． 14 is in a horizontal plane containing a fixed laser beam deflection axis 52. Obviously, the point of incidence 27 lies vertically below the central axis of the first telescoping device 3. This adjustment can be retained to simplify programming of cuts in inclined workpiece areas. In that case, the rotation axis 8 is aligned with the central axis of the laser head with appropriate adjustment of the rotation angles r and δ.
Adjust the swing angle β so that it is set perpendicular to the inclined workpiece surface. By suitably extending and retracting the second telescoping device 49 along the axis of movement 48, it is ensured that the point of entry 27 is always vertically below the central axis of the first telescoping device 3. Additionally, in the case of a cut that ascends or descends over an inclined workpiece surface, the third
A telescoping device 16 is suitably controlled along the axis of movement 50. However, by controlling along the Z axis, the first
The telescoping device 3 can also take on this role.

In the limit position of the guidance device, which is illustrated in FIG. The length is adjusted to correspond to the interval. All laser beam deflection axes 52, 12, 13.
14 appears, unless the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes 13 +' 14 are adjusted for the cutting of circular arc-shaped through holes, or with a variable length movement in the structure of FIG. 19. If the axis 57 does not change its length, the central axes of the telescope device 3 and the laser head z5 are necessarily in a common vertical plane.

As is clear from the above description of the relevant drawings, the first
The fifth embodiment of the guidance device shown in FIGS. 5 to 18 also includes:
Including the east marker axes X and Y, i.e. axes X, Y, Z, 4.4
If you count g, 50, 7, 8, 9.10, it is equipped with 1゛, 0 movement axes.

In place of the third vertical telescope device 16, it is possible to provide a deflection with a constant spacing between the 45° deflection 1!1.51 of the second telescope device 49 and the fixed laser deflection axis 52, which is suitable for most applications. It is enough. In this case, there are only 91 tl motion axes. When configuring the device according to the modification of FIG. 19,
The number of motion axes will definitely decrease. This is because the motion axis 57 replaces the two motion axes 9 and IO. In any case, in the guidance device according to the fifth embodiment, the laser beam 17
Before it exits the laser head 15, it is deflected by a deflection mirror described below. (ry, 47.-sl, e3゜62.36,3
7,311,39,22,23. To now describe the sixth embodiment of the guidance device, reference is first made to FIGS. 20-22.

In this embodiment, a horizontal fixed laser beam deflection axis 53 arranged parallel to the laser head rotation axis 12 is connected to the lower end of the telescope device, and the laser beam IT is deflected toward the laser head rotation axis 12 by this deflection axis. . The laser bed pivot axis Z2 is further followed by the already mentioned laser beam deflection axis 13.14. These deflection axes 13.
14 are also arranged horizontally 5 and parallel to the laser head rotation axis. These laser beam deflection axes 1.3,
14 is also the pivot axis 9. It can be configured as an IO or, as shown in FIG. 24, one of the shafts is fixed and the other is a moving shaft 57 of variable length. In FIG. 24, the variable length movement axis coincides with the laser beam deflection axis 14. In FIG. The laser beam deflection axis 13 is a movement axis 57 whose length is variable.
, and the opposite arrangement is also possible, in which the laser beam deflection axis 14 is a fixed axis. A second rotating shaft 8 is provided between the two shafts 12 and Z3, which is also constrained by 9360°.

As FIG. 20 suggests, the laser beam deflection paths along the axes 53, 12.13 and 14 are again of equal length, so that the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes 13.14 can be If not adjusted for hole cutting, the central axes of the telescoping device 3 and the laser head Z5 are necessarily in a common vertical plane. The above conditions occur if the two pivot axes 9,10 are not pivoted or, in the embodiment of FIG. 24, if the movement axis 57 does not change length. At this position, rotation around the rotation axis 8 does not affect the position of the central axis of the laser head 15.

With a device constructed in this way, it is also possible to immediately and simply provide all workpiece areas with a cutting edge that at least partially runs through the arc 1, as described above. For this purpose, the rotating shaft 8 is first set perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece and aligned with the center of the arc to be cut.

Next, the loser head 15 is set to a desired cutting radius r as indicated by the broken lines in FIGS. 21 and 24, and the rotary shaft 8 is driven to rotate.

What is common to the two variants of the device shown in FIGS. 23 and 25 is that the rotation axis 8 provided between the laser head pivot axis 12 and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis 13 simultaneously functions as a telescope device 55. Therefore, at the same time it is designed as a movement shaft 56 of variable length. This provides the possibility of additional adjustment of the laser head. In the variant according to FIG. 23, the two laser beam deflection axes 13, 14 are aligned with the pivot axis 9. It is configured as IO. On the other hand, the second
In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, one laser beam deflection axis, in the illustrated example axis 14, is stationary, and the other laser beam deflection axis, in the illustrated example axis 13, is configured as a movement axis 57 of variable length. .

As FIG. 20 shows, the spacing between the axes 53, 12, 13 and 14 is equal. However, depending on the purpose of the guidance device,
Preferably, the spacing between the axes 53 and 12 is larger than the other spacings. For rounding for this purpose, axes 12 and 5
2. The guide tube 54 provided between 3 and 3 is appropriately extended. FIG. 21 makes it clear that even workpiece areas with puck-tapered structures viewed from above can be easily reached using this guidance device.

In all of the above-mentioned embodiments of the guiding device, regardless of whether it has a fixed axis or a movable axis, each laser beam deflection axis is provided with a pair of deflection mirrors, so that the laser beam is deflected multiple times. This is a prerequisite for the good adaptability of the device according to the invention to all machining situations occurring on two-dimensional and three-dimensional workpieces. Depending on the processing situation, many of the existing deflections may be unnecessary. Starting from this idea, the second
The structure shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 27 is proposed. In this case, the central axis and rotation axis 8 or rotation axis 4 of each laser head
．． In order to open the path of a linear laser beam 17 aligned with 8, it follows the second axis of rotation 8 (FIG. 27) or the two axes of rotation 4, 8 respectively (FIG. 26) 2. adjacent parallel laser beam deflection axes 13, 14 or 11
．． 12; 13, 14 K.

The deflecting mirrors 38, 23 or 20, sr; ss, 23 of 2 (1) located on the relevant rotation axis or its virtual extension are arranged so that they can be moved simultaneously in parallel.In this way, the back surfaces of the opposing deflecting mirrors are If the pairs are separated by a 90° angle, it is better to simply move these deflecting mirrors in pairs to cancel the deflection of the laser beam on each of the two axes and direct the laser beam to one side. It is possible to easily and effectively transfer the laser beam directly from the axis of Of course, the related components are automatically arranged in parallel.

As is evident in FIGS. 26 and 27, the movable deflection mirrors 2θ, sr; stt, ts can be constructed with pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical drive; for this purpose the guide rod 5
8, etc., while the guide rod 5B engages with a guide bush 59 etc. fixed to the jacket extension 61 of the jacket belonging to the laser beam deflection axis. The structure of the deflection mirror drive member requires a correspondingly high degree of precision for the necessary laser beam adjustment.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 26, movable mirrors are provided on all four laser beam deflection axes 11 to 14, so if all four movable mirrors are moved, the laser beam can be deflected from the telescope device 3. The beam can then pass through the outer cover of the rotating shaft 8 and enter the laser head 15 without any beam deflection. The deflecting mirrors are arranged in pairs, i.e. 20 on the one hand,
Since 38.23 can be moved in the sγ, ij8 direction,
These two pairs of deflection mirrors can be moved independently of each other or placed in deflection positions.

In the embodiment of FIG. 26, the movable mirror pair 311.23 is
．． Laser beam deflection axis 13.14 configured as 10
However, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
．． 23 is provided with a laser beam deflection axis 13.1411C, FIGS. 14 and 19.

As already explained several times in conjunction with FIGS. 24 and 25, one of these deflection axes 13, 14 is configured as a stationary axis and the other as a moving axis 52 of variable length.

Of course, in this case it is only possible to move the deflection mirror 38.23 if the axis of motion 57 does not change its length, or if the axis of rotation 8 and the central axis of the laser head are aligned in a straight line. and program control causes the movement to occur.

An aperture 60 is provided in the jacket of the laser beam deflection axis so that the laser beam can exit when the deflection mirror pair is moved. Between each opposing aperture 60 is a tubular laser beam cover 66 . Axis 11 and 12
The laser beam covers 66 (FIG. 26) between them are telescopically engaged with each other and are each fixed via a bridge 67 to the corresponding telescoping element of the telescoping device 16.

In all embodiments of the invention, a through-hole cutting edge is provided in which the cutting edge is provided with a guiding device at the cutting edge of the through-hole, which runs at least partially arcuately. We have explained how to set the device perpendicularly to the surface of the workpiece to be coated.

However, in all embodiments it is also possible to set the guide device in such a way that a tapered cutting edge is obtained. 28 and 29 to illustrate the relevant adjustment of the device.
See diagram. FIG. 28 shows a precut circular hole in the workpiece 26 with a cutting edge parallel to the axis of rotation 8, followed by a surface 68 on the outside edge of the hole. For this purpose, the turning angle β of the laser head turning axis 12 is adjusted so that the first and second rotating shafts 8 are aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface and aligned with the center of the circular through hole 64. As the dashed diagram shows,
The rotation angles γ and δ of the two rotation axes 9 and IO are adjusted according to the desired cutting radius r' so that the second rotation axis 8 and the central axis of the laser head interpose an angle corresponding to the cone angle. Let's go to K. Since the cutting radius r' is larger b than the cutting radius r of the pre-cut through hole, the surface 68 is generated when the laser head 15 is driven to rotate about the rotating shaft 8.

On the other hand, when it is desired to cut a tapered hole through a thick wall of the workpiece 26, the electric tool is preset as described in connection with the cutting of the surface 68 according to FIG. Adjustment of the device is evident in factor 29. If, as mentioned in connection with FIGS. 23 and 25, the axis of rotation 8 is configured at the same time as a telescoping device and therefore also as a movement axis of variable length, the explanation will be made with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29. This is convenient for the process. The reduction in the distance between the pivot axis 12 and the surface of the workpiece 26, which occurs when the laser head 15 is set in a tapered manner, can be taken into account without moving the X or Y movement axes. In this case, the rotary shaft, which is at the same time configured as a telescoping device, makes possible the necessary distance compensation.

For the cutting operations illustrated in Figures 28 and 29, the second
8, the inner annular edge of the workpiece 26), and in the case of FIG. Of course, adjustments can be made.

Although all embodiments of the guidance device according to the invention are operated under computer program control, all or partial regions of the various movements can be programmed in a teach-in manner or independently programmable and repeatable. It can also be incorporated into a program using follow-up control.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a perspective view of a laser cutting installation, FIG. 2 is a side view of a guidance device according to the first embodiment, equipped with two pivot axes, and FIG. 2a is for cutting in inaccessible workpiece areas. 3 is a plan view of the device according to FIG. 2 with the swivel angle of the 2ml swivel axis set to a value of zero; FIG. A front view of the guidance device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 with the swivel angle also set to the zero value, FIG. 5 a front view of the guidance device according to FIGS. Another side view of the guiding device according to FIGS. 2 to 4; FIG. 6 shows a second comparable embodiment with the pivot angle adjusted at the 411M pivot axis for cutting in horizontal mini-crop areas; Figure 7 is a side view of the 4 gA
A side view similar to FIG. 6, with the rotation angle of the rotation axis adjusted,
8 is a front view of the embodiment of the guidance device according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with the swivel angles of all swivel axes set to zero value; FIG. 9 is a first variant of the third counterpart embodiment; FIG. , a front view similar to FIG. 8 but cut away, FIG. 10 a cutaway front view similar to FIG. 9 of a second variant of the counterpart embodiment of item 3', and FIG. FIG. 12 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the device, adjusted for laser cutting, in the vertical area of the machine, with four pivot axes and a fixed guide tube attached to the lower end of the telescoping device. Another side view of the device according to FIG. 11 adjusted for laser cutting of horizontal areas of objects, FIG. 13 in the front of the device in the adjusted position of FIG. 12, and FIG. 14 adjacent to the laser head. Cutaway front view similar to FIG. 13 with the two laser beam deflection axes differently, FIG. 15 shows the lower end of the telescoping device adjusted for laser cutting of the vertical section of the workpiece. side view of the fifth embodiment of the guidance device with a horizontal telescoping device connected to the same, a vertical telescoping device connected thereto, a fixed laser beam deflection axis and a pivot axis of 31!1 parallel thereto;
6 is a plan view of the lower section of the guiding device, corresponding to the viewing direction of arrow XVI in FIG. 15, and FIG. 17 is an alternative view of the guiding device according to FIG. 18 is a front view of the device according to FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 is a cutaway front view similar to FIG. 18 with a different configuration of the two laser beam deflection axes adjacent to the laser head. , FIG. 20 shows the front side of the sixth embodiment of the guidance device with a fixed laser beam deflection axis and three pivot axes at the lower end of the telescoping device, shown in vertically extended position for laser cutting of horizontal areas of the workpiece. Figure 21 shows the workpiece (
A side view of the apparatus according to FIG. 20, adapted for laser cutting of the pack taper area (viewed from above); FIG.
A plan view of the lower section of the device in the viewing direction of arrow XXE in FIG. 1, FIGS. 23 to 25 are similar plan views including modifications of the device, and FIG. 26 shows the optical path due to the movement of the rotation axis of 411i11 and the deflection mirror. Front view of the guiding device equipped with elements for shortening and shown in vertically extended position for laser cutting of horizontal areas of the workpiece, FIG. 27 for laser cutting of inclined walls of the workpiece Adjusted 21a adjacent to the laser head
a side view of the device according to FIG. 26 with a different configuration of the laser beam deflection axis; FIG. 28 is a cutaway side view of the lower section of the guiding device adapted for cutting circular holes in the vertical wall of a workpiece;
FIG. 29 shows a cutaway side view similar to FIG. 28, adapted for cutting holes with tapered cutting edges in the vertical walls of the workpiece. 3... Telescope device 5... Movement axis 11... Rotating axis 14... Laser head rotating axis 15... Laser head 0 α... Rotating angle β of rotating axis (11)... Swivel angle of laser head pivot axis Applicant's representative Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue Procedural amendment draft 1. Display of the case Japanese Patent Application No. 60-212357 No. 2, Title of the invention: Radhe beam guidance device for processing three-dimensional workpieces 3, Person making the amendment Relationship to the case: Patent applicant Paldar - Radar 4, Agent 5, Amendment order Date of February 25, 1986 6, Subject of the amendment Description 7, Contents of the amendment Attached circular

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) It has five controlled movement axes, of which the first and second movement axes are horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth movement axes are rotatable and It is realized coaxially with a vertical telescope device of variable length, etc., the fifth axis of movement is a horizontal rotation axis, the laser head can rotate around this axis, and a self-supporting structure is provided below the third axis of movement. In the guiding device for a laser beam for processing a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror, another motion axis (5) configured as a horizontal rotation axis (11) is a laser head rotation axis (14). ), and the distance between this rotation axis (11) and the laser head rotation axis (14) is larger than the length of the laser head (15), and in this case, the telescope device (3) and the laser head (15) ) The deflection of the laser beam at the auxiliary rotation axis (11) is set such that the central axis of the laser head rotation axis (14) is always in a common vertical plane, and A guiding device characterized in that the turning angles (α, β) are programmed and adjusted in mutual synchrony depending on the position of the workpiece surface to be machined. 2) The incident point (2) of the laser beam (17) on the workpiece surface
The rotation angle (α,
2. A guidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that β) are programmed in sync with each other. 3) It has five controlled axes of motion, of which the first and second axes of motion are horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth axes of motion are rotatable and variable-length vertical telescopes. A 45° deflection realized coaxially with a scope device, etc., the fifth axis of motion is a horizontal rotation axis, the laser head can rotate around this axis, and a self-supporting structure is provided below the third axis of movement. In a guiding device for a laser beam for machining a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a mirror, three
Motion axes (5, 7, 9) configured as separate horizontal pivot axes (11, 12, 13) are provided, and the telescoping device (3) has rearward first and second pivot axes ( 11, 12)
The distance is the sum of the distance between the second and third rotation axes (12, 13) and the distance between the third rotation axis (13) and the laser head rotation axis (14) plus the length of the laser head (15). If the rotation angle takes a value of zero for all rotation axes, all rotation axes (11
The deflection of the laser beam is set at 36 to 14) and between the second and third pivot axes (12, 13).
A guidance device characterized in that a second rotation axis (8) controlled by 0° is provided. 4) Third rotation axis (13) and laser head rotation axis (14)
The first and second horizontal rotations are made such that when the value of the rotation angle is zero, the point of incidence of the laser beam (17) on the workpiece surface is on the virtual extension of the central axis of the telescope device (3). 4. Guidance device according to claim 3, characterized in that the swivel angles (α, β) of the axes (11, 12) are programmed and adjusted in mutual synchrony. 5) For cutting through holes with an at least partially arc-shaped cutting edge on non-horizontal workpiece surfaces, a second rotating shaft (
8) perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, while adjusting the rotation angle (γ,
δ) according to the cutting radius (r), and the second rotation axis (
8) and the central axis of the laser head (15), the rotation angles (α,
4. The guidance device according to claim 3, wherein β) is adjusted and the laser head (15) is rotationally driven around the second rotation axis (8). 6) between the first pivot axis (11) and the second pivot axis (12), a laser beam (17) between these two pivot axes;
Another telescope device (16) whose length is controlled to be variable
6. Guidance device according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide device is passed through and constitutes a further axis of movement (6). 7) It has five controlled axes of movement, the first and second axes of movement being horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth axes of movement being rotatable and variable-length vertical telescopes. A three-dimensional mirror that is realized coaxially with a scope device, etc., whose fifth axis of motion is a horizontal rotation axis for the laser head, and which is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror with a self-supporting structure provided below the third axis of motion. In a guidance device for a laser beam for workpiece processing, another axis of movement (5) configured as a horizontal pivot axis (11)
is provided parallel to the rotation axis (12) of the laser head (15), and two parallel to the rotation axis (11, 12) are provided between the rotation axis (12) of the laser head (15) and the laser head. auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes (13', 14')
are provided, one of which is configured as a movable axis and the other as a telescope axis (9), which connects the pivot axis (12) of the laser head (15) and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis (13').
A second rotation axis (8) controlled by 360° is provided between the two rotation axes (11, 12), and the distance between the two rotation axes (11, 12) is the same as the rotation axis (12) of the laser head. greater than the sum of the distances between adjacent laser beam deflection axes (14') plus the length of the laser head (15), the angle of rotation takes a value of zero in the two pivot axes, and the telescope axis When the length is not changed, the central axes of the telescope device (3) and the laser head (15) are aligned with each other.
A guidance device characterized in that the deflection of the laser beam is set at a pivot axis (11, 12) and two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13', 14'). 8) When the telescope axis (13' or 14') does not change its length, the point of incidence (27) of the laser beam (17) on the workpiece surface is imaginary of the central axis of the telescope device (3). The two horizontal pivot axes (11, 1
8. Guidance device according to claim 7, characterized in that the turning angles (α, β) of 2) are programmed in synchronization with each other. 9) For cutting through holes whose cutting edge runs at least partially arc-shaped in non-horizontal workpiece areas, the second rotating shaft (
The two pivot axes (11 ,1
Claim 7, characterized in that the turning angle (α, β) of 2) is adjusted, and the laser head (15) is rotationally driven around the second rotation axis (8). Guidance device. 10) Between the two pivot axes (11, 12) the laser beam (17) is passed through another telescoping device (16) which is variably controlled in length and constitutes another axis of movement (6) The guidance device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: 11) It has a plurality of controlled movement axes, of which the first and second movement axes are horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth movement axes are
The motion axes of the two motion axes are realized coaxially by a rotatable and length-variable vertical telescope device, etc., the fifth motion axis is a horizontal rotation axis about which the laser head can pivot, and the third motion In a guidance device for a laser beam for processing a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror having a self-supporting structure below the axis, a horizontal guidance tube (46) is provided at the lower end of the telescope device (3). mounted, in which the laser beam is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror (47) and aligned with the horizontal pivot axis (
Another axis of motion (5) configured as a guide tube (
46) provided at the free end parallel to the laser head rotation axis (12), and between the laser head rotation axis (12) and the laser head (15), two parallel to the two rotation axes (11, 12). auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) are provided, both of which are configured as horizontal pivot axes (9, 10) or one of which is a fixed axis and the other a moving axis of variable length (57). The laser head rotation axis (12
) and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis (13), 360
° If a second axis of rotation (8) is provided to be controlled and the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) are not adjusted for the cutting of arc-shaped through holes, the telescopic device (3) and the laser beam deflection in the pivot axis (11, 12) and the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) such that the central axes of the laser head (15) are always in a common vertical plane. A guidance device characterized by being set. 12) The laser beam (
The two horizontal pivot axes (
12. Guidance device according to claim 11, characterized in that the angular adjustments of 11, 12) are programmable in synchronization with each other. 13) The distance between the central axis of the telescope device (3) and another horizontal pivot axis (11) is the distance between the laser head pivot axis (12) and the point of incidence of the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece (27). The guiding device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the guidance device is equal to the following. 14) A second rotary shaft (
8) is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, while the rotation angles (γ, δ) of the two auxiliary rotation axes (9, 10) are adjusted to the cutting radius (r
) to make the second rotation axis (8) and the central axis of the laser head (15) parallel, or to adjust the length of the variable length laser beam deflection axis (57) according to the cutting radius (r). The turning angles (α, β) of the two turning axes (11, 12) are adjusted so as to change the angle of rotation, and the laser head (15)
12. The guiding device according to claim 11, wherein the guiding device is driven to rotate around a second rotation axis (8). 15) The center of the arc of the cut edge is the first telescope device (
Claim 14, characterized in that the turning angles (α, β) of the two turning axes (11, 12) are adjusted so that they are on a virtual extension of the central axis of item 3). Guidance device as described. 16) Between the two pivot axes (11, 12) the laser beam (17) is passed through another telescoping device (16) whose length is controlled variable, constituting another axis of movement (6) The guidance device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that: 17) It has a plurality of controlled movement axes, of which the first and second movement axes are horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth movement axes are
The motion axes of the two motion axes are realized coaxially by a rotatable and length-variable vertical telescope device, etc., the fifth motion axis is a horizontal rotation axis about which the laser head can pivot, and the third motion In a guidance device for a laser beam for machining a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror having a self-supporting structure below the axis, a second variable-length telescope device is installed at the lower end of the telescope device (3). A telescope device (4
9) are connected to constitute another horizontal movement axis (48);
Laser beam (17) in telescope device (49)
is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror, and the telescope device (49)
a third, length-variably controlled telescope device (1
6) are connected to constitute another vertical motion path (50);
Laser beam (17) in telescope device (16)
is deflected by a 45° deflection mirror, and the third telescope device (
A fixed laser beam deflection axis (52) parallel to the laser head rotation axis (12) is provided at the lower end of the laser head rotation axis (16).
12) side, and between the laser head rotation axis (12) and the laser head (15), two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) parallel to the laser head rotation axis are provided. Both deflection axes are horizontal rotation axes (9,
10), one of which is a fixed axis and the other a moving axis of variable length (57), with the laser head pivot axis (12) and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis (1
3), a second rotating shaft (8) controlled 360° between
and two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13
, 14) are not adjusted for cutting arc-shaped through holes, the telescope device (3) and the laser head (15)
The laser head rotation axis (12) and the three laser beam deflection axes (5
3, 13, 14) A guidance device characterized in that the deflection of the laser beam is set. 18) The second telescope device (49) and the third telescope device (16)
The length can be adjusted to correspond to the distance between the laser beam deflection axis (52) at the lower end of the laser head and the laser head rotation axis (12), and the angle can be adjusted using the two auxiliary rotation axes (9, 10). the central axes of the first telescoping device (3) and the laser head (15) are aligned if this is not done or if the variable length laser beam deflection axis (57) does not change its length; The guidance device according to claim 17, characterized in that: 19) The second telescope device (49) is connected to the laser beam rotation axis (5) at the lower end of the third telescope device (16).
19. The guiding device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the length can be adjusted to correspond to the distance between the laser beam incident point (27) and the laser beam incident point (27) on the surface of the workpiece. 20) A second rotating shaft (
8) is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, while the rotation angles (γ, δ) of the two auxiliary rotation axes (9, 10) are adjusted to the cutting radius (r
) to make the second rotation axis (8) and the central axis of the laser head (15) parallel, or adjust the length variable laser beam deflection axis (57) according to the cutting radius (r). The turning angle (β) of the laser head turning shaft (12) is adjusted so as to adjust the length by changing the length, and the laser head (15) is rotationally driven around the second rotating shaft (8). The guiding device according to claim 17, characterized in that: 21) a second telescoping device for cutting through holes in a horizontal workpiece area such that the center of the circle of the cutting edge is on a virtual extension of the central axis of the first telescoping device (3); (
21. The guidance device according to claim 17 or claim 20, wherein: 22) Instead of the third vertical telescoping device (16),
45° deflection mirror (51) of the second telescope device (49)
20. Guidance device according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that a distance-invariable deflection is provided between the fixed laser beam deflection axis (52) and the fixed laser beam deflection axis (52). 23) It has a plurality of controlled movement axes, of which the first and second movement axes are horizontal coordinate axes X and Y, and the third and fourth movement axes are
The motion axes of the two motion axes are realized coaxially by a rotatable and length-variable vertical telescope device, etc., the fifth motion axis is a horizontal rotation axis about which the laser head can pivot, and the third motion In a guidance device for a laser beam for processing a three-dimensional workpiece that is multiple-deflected by a 45° deflection mirror with a self-supporting structure provided below the axis, a laser head rotation axis (12) is provided at the lower end of a telescope device (3). A horizontal fixed laser beam deflection axis (53) arranged parallel to the laser beam is connected, and the laser beam (17) is deflected toward the laser head rotation axis (12) by this deflection axis (53).
Two auxiliary horizontal laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) parallel to the laser head rotation axis (12) are provided between the laser head (12) and the laser head (15).
14) are both configured as horizontal pivot axes (9, 10), or one of them is configured as a fixed axis and the other as a variable-length moving axis (57), and the laser head pivot axis (12)
) and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis (13).
A second rotation axis (8) controlled by 0° is provided, and
When the two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13, 14) are not adjusted for cutting arc-shaped through holes, the central axes of the telescope device (3) and the laser head (15) must be common. Fixed laser beam deflection axis (
53) A guidance device characterized in that the deflection of the laser beam is set at a laser head rotation axis (12) and two auxiliary laser beam deflection axes (13, 14). 24) A second rotary shaft (
8) is aligned perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, while the rotation angles (γ, δ) of the two auxiliary rotation axes (9, 10) are adjusted to the cutting radius (r
) to make the second rotation axis (8) and the central axis of the laser head (15) parallel, or adjust the length variable laser beam deflection axis (57) according to the cutting radius (r). The turning angle (β) of the laser head turning axis (12) is adjusted so as to adjust the length by changing the length, and the turning angle (β) of the laser head turning axis (12) is adjusted.
24. The guiding device according to claim 23, wherein the guiding device is driven to rotate around a second rotation axis (8). 25) The axis of rotation (8) provided between the laser head pivot axis (12) and the adjacent laser beam deflection axis (13) is at the same time a telescoping device (55) and therefore at the same time a movement axis of variable length. (56) The guidance device according to any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that the guidance device is configured as (56). 26) Two adjacent parallel laser beam deflection axes (11
, 12; 13, 14) follow the second rotation axis (8) or respectively follow the two rotation axes (4; 8),
In order to open the laser beam path exactly in line with the central axis of the laser head (15) and the axis of rotation (8) or a plurality of axes of rotation (4; 8), on the axis of rotation in question or its imaginary extension. Claims 11 to 25, characterized in that two deflecting mirrors (20, 37; 38, 23) are arranged so that they can jointly move in parallel. 1. The guidance device according to 1. 27) Pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically driven moving mirrors (20, 37;
38, 23) are provided and fixed to a guide rod (58) etc., and the guide rod (58) movably engages with a guide bush (59) etc. induction device. 28) An opening (60) is provided in the jacket of the laser beam deflection axis (11, 12; 13, 14) so that the laser beam passes when the deflection mirror (20, 37; 38, 23) is moved. The guidance device according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that: 29) Guiding device according to claim 28, characterized in that a tubular laser beam cover (66) is provided between each opposing opening (60). 30) aligning the second axis of rotation (8) perpendicularly to the workpiece surface, while aligning the second axis of rotation (8) in order to cut a through hole in which the cutting edge runs at least partially arcuately so as to produce a conical cutting edge; The rotation angles (γ, δ) of the two auxiliary rotation shafts (9, 10) are adjusted according to the cross-sectional radius (r), so that the second rotation shaft (8) and the central axis of the laser head (15) are conical. The turning angle (β) of the laser head turning axis (12) is adjusted so as to sandwich the angle corresponding to the angle, and the laser head (15)
) The guidance device according to any one of claims 11, 17, and 23, characterized in that the guidance device is rotationally driven around a point. 31) for cutting through holes in which the cutting edges (30, 31) run at least partially arc-shaped in the horizontal workpiece area;
Laser head rotation axis (14) and adjacent horizontal rotation axis (1
1) The swivel angles (α, β) are adjusted to equal magnitude, and the telescopic device (3) is used to produce an arc-shaped cut.
The guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding device is driven to rotate around its rotation axis (4). 32) Between the two pivot axes (11, 14) the laser beam (17) is passed through another telescoping device (16) whose length is variably controlled and constitutes another axis of movement (6). The guidance device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: