JPS60156594A - Classification of waste dry cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To classify and to recover waste dry cells easily with high efficiency by performing the first classification by the shape and size, then performing the second classification by the specific gravity using heavy liquid or quasi-heavy liquid for waste dry cells classified by the first classification to the same shape. CONSTITUTION:Waste dry cells are classified in the first stage mechanically; for instance, by moving the cells with arrangements aligned to lines direction toward same longitudinal or transverse direction for classifying by the height and the diameter of the cells, or by using screens. Then, the cells classified to same shapes (types) are classified in the second stage by the difference of specific gravity of the cells. Namely, cylindrical cells are classified to manganese cells and alkali manganese cells; button type cells are classified to Hg cells, alkali manganese cells, and AgO cells, using heavy liquid having high specific gravity with is generally used for the determination of specific gravity of minerals or solid powder, or by using quasi-heavy liquid which is suspension prepd. by mixing fine solid powder having high specific gravity with water. Thus, waste dry cells are classified and recovered.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a separation method as a pre-treatment step for recycling waste dry batteries.

[Prior art]

Traditionally, used waste batteries, intermediate waste batteries generated by battery manufacturers, and waste batteries after testing have the advantage of recovering battery constituent materials, and require special treatment because they contain large amounts of mercury, cadmium, etc. For some, the disposal is entrusted to specialist handling companies, while for others that are not necessary, it is left to the battery manufacturers themselves or to specialist handling companies).
Landfill is done in such a way that there will be no problem of mine pollution due to the elution of harmful substances contained in the concrete as it hardens.

In recent years, the production of dry cell batteries has also increased, reaching 2.62 billion pieces in 1982, excluding secondary batteries, and many of them are collected and collected through special routes after they are used. Currently, this is not done and the waste is disposed of as regular household garbage.

Batteries include - secondary batteries such as manganese dry batteries, alkaline manganese batteries, mercury batteries, silver oxide (silver peroxide) batteries,
There are lithium batteries, etc., and secondary batteries include lead acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, etc. As mentioned above, some of these used batteries have been disposed of, such as those that have merit in recovery and those that are necessary for mine pollution control, but the amount recovered is only a small portion of the total, and if possible, All used batteries should be collected and disposed of so that they do not become a problem in the future.

The problem in the future regarding the collection of used dry batteries is that used dry batteries from ordinary households can be collected regardless of whether they are cylindrical, button-shaped, flat, etc., and regardless of their mercury or cadmium content. Each type of battery is not differentiated,
It is expected that the cargo will be collected in a miscellaneous state, making sorting and separation extremely difficult.

[Summary of the invention]

As mentioned above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for separating waste dry batteries that facilitates and improves the efficiency of the collection technology for recycling various waste dry batteries that have been collected and collected in a miscellaneous manner. It is.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the inventor of the present invention has developed a cylindrical dry battery, which is the most widely used in general households, and has a particularly high alkaline battery containing water chloride.
The present invention was developed at a time when the recycling of manganese batteries was being considered. This is a method for sorting waste dry batteries, which is characterized by sorting dry batteries (cylindrical, flat, and button-shaped), and then subjecting the sorted waste dry batteries of the same shape to heavy liquid or pseudo-heavy liquid sorting. .

Among waste dry batteries, cylindrical and button-shaped dry batteries are manufactured according to JIS or IEC standards, so even if the batteries are manufactured by different manufacturers, the same type and type of dry batteries have almost the same dimensions. In the method, first, as shown in the flowchart of the present invention in FIG. 1, mechanical sorting is carried out, for example, by mechanical automatic sorting or sieving by aligning and moving waste dry batteries in the same vertical or horizontal direction and matching height and diameter dimensions. It is used for sorting.

Cylindrical batteries, especially manganese dry batteries, alkaline manganese batteries; button-shaped batteries, such as mercury, silver oxide, alkaline manganese batteries, and lithium batteries, are different from minerals and solids. The method involves measuring the specific gravity of the powder and separating and recovering it using a pseudo-heavy liquid, which is a relatively stable suspension that matches the difference in specific gravity of the solid mixture.

Table 1 compares the specific gravity of manganese dry batteries and alkaline manganese batteries for types 1 to 6 of cylindrical dry batteries.

As shown in Table 1, the difference in specific gravity between a general AA 1-6 type mankan dry battery and an alkaline manganese battery is considerably large, making it possible to separate heavy oil.

Next, as the heavy liquids used for these heavy liquid separations, those shown in Table 2 are used.

Table 2 Types of heavy liquids Aqueous salt solution (diluted with water or evaporated to adjust the specific gravity) In industrial heavy liquid beneficiation, magnetic substances such as ferrosilicon or magnetite are used. It is preferable to use a separation method using a so-called PJr pseudo heavy liquid, in which the powder is mixed in water and used as a relatively stable pseudo heavy liquid, and a magnetizer, a demagnetizer, and a magnetic separator are used to collect and clean the heavy material. , is included in the waste dry battery separation method of the present invention.

[Embodiments of the invention]

The present invention will be explained based on examples. Commercial dry palm pond (several companies)
A 6-inch manganese dry frost pond, 15 waste alkaline and manganese batteries each were prepared, and bromoform (specific gravity 2.89) liquid was used as the heavy liquid to separate the heavy liquid. All 15 of them floated, and 15 of the alkali manganese ta (IA+ all sank, achieving 100% separation.

[Effects of the present invention]

The waste dry battery sorting method according to the present invention is a useful invention as it allows waste dry batteries that have been collected in a miscellaneous mixture to be sorted by type, making it possible to reuse shellfish sources and prevent mine pollution. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the waste battery separation method disclosed in this issue. Attorney Saburo Dokimura Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) Sorting the various mixed waste dry batteries mechanically and through a sieve into waste dry batteries of different shapes and sizes; A waste dry battery separation method characterized by specific gravity separation using a heavy liquid. 2) The method for separating waste dry batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that they are separated into cylindrical, flat, and button-shaped waste dry batteries by the mechanical sorting and sieving. 3) The first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that cylindrical waste dry batteries are separated into manganese dry batteries, alkaline manganese batteries, and other dry batteries by specific gravity sorting using the heavy liquid.
Waste dry battery separation method described in section. 4) By specific gravity sorting using the heavy liquid, button-type waste dry cell batteries are separated into mercury batteries, silver oxide (silver peroxide) batteries, alkaline batteries, etc.
A method for separating waste dry batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste batteries are separated into manganese batteries and lithium batteries. 5) The method for separating waste dry batteries according to claim 6, wherein the alkaline manganese batteries and manganese dry batteries are of AA, 2, 3, or 4.5 type. 6) The heavy liquid is one selected from organic liquids such as carbon tetrachloride, ethylene bromide, bromoform, and methylene iodide, and an aqueous salt solution such as Thule's solution, Rohrbala solution, and Clerici's solution. Claim 1 characterized in that
Waste dry battery separation method described in section. 7) The method for separating waste dry batteries according to claim 1, wherein the pseudo heavy liquid is made by suspending and mixing powder of a magnetic material such as ferrosilicon or magnetite in water.