JPH0339644B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for producing resin-based pieces for preparing edible mushroom seeds. (Prior art) Conventionally, as a method for cultivating edible mushrooms, a log cultivation method in which holes are drilled into logs, seed bacteria is inoculated into the holes, and mushrooms are generated and grown under suitable conditions is widely known. , is being carried out on an industrial scale for the cultivation of mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms. Inoculum is prepared by inoculating edible mushroom mycelium onto wooden pieces cut from wood such as oak, beech, or sawtooth oak, but wooden pieces are expensive due to the difficulty in obtaining the wood. Pieces made of easily available materials are in demand. In order to meet these demands, various pieces have been proposed, such as pieces made by kneading a synthetic resin adhesive into a mixture of chopped wood pieces and nutrients necessary for the cultivation and growth of mycelium. However, with such pieces, edible mushroom mycelia cannot be efficiently cultured, and as a result, the yield of edible mushrooms is low. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As a result of intensive research to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and complete a new piece to replace wooden pieces, the present inventors found that synthetic resin, sawdust, bran, surfactant, etc. If the piece is derived from the raw material composition of the resin curing agent and has a water absorption rate of at least 10%,
It has been found that excellent action hardening can be obtained.
Furthermore, as a result of further research, the present invention was completed based on the discovery that particularly excellent effects can be obtained by treating the above-mentioned pieces with alkali. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing resin-based pieces instead of wooden pieces. (Means for Solving the Problems) The production method of the present invention comprises a resol type phenolic resin (A), sawdust (B), rice bran (C), a surfactant (D) and a resin effect agent (E). The method is characterized in that a piece having a water absorption rate of at least 10% as shown below is obtained by molding and hardening the raw material composition, and then the piece is subjected to an alkali treatment with ammonia. Note: After immersing the piece in water at 25℃ for 15 hours, let it stand at 25℃ for 30 minutes on a non-water-absorbent plate, then measure the amount of water absorbed (volume) from the increase in weight of the piece, and calculate it based on the following formula. percentage. Water absorption rate (%) = Water absorption amount (cc) / Piece volume (cc)
×100 (Function) In the present invention, resol type phenol resin (hereinafter referred to as resol resin) is used as a synthetic resin.
is used. The resin is an insoluble and viscous liquid resol type phenolic resin initial condensate obtained according to the following procedure. That is, the condensation product obtained by reacting monovalent phenols such as carbolic acid, cresol, and xylenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst is neutralized with an acid (pH 7 ~
8) Then, the viscosity at 25℃ is 3000~
It is a water-soluble viscous liquid resin obtained by dehydration until it reaches a range of 60,000 centipoise. The ratio of phenols to aldehydes is in the range of 1.2 to 1.8 moles of the latter to 1 mole of the former. Examples of alkaline catalysts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc., and the amount used is such that the pH of the reaction system is 8.5. An amount in the range of ~9.5 is suitable. Examples of acids that neutralize the condensation product include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. The sawdust (B) is not particularly limited, and commercially available sawdust used in the technical field can be effectively used. Similarly, commercially available bran (C) can be effectively used. Surfactant (D) is an essential component that imparts water absorbency to the pieces. As surfactant (D),
Various surfactants having a wetting function, such as fatty acid soap polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate ester salt (e.g. sodium di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate), Sulfated oils (oils: castor oil, olive oil, fish oil, etc.), higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, secondary higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, secondary higher alcohol ethoxy sulfates, polyoxyethyl alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, etc. Anionic surfactants such as aliphatic amine salts, aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts, etc.; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether , higher alcohol/alkylene oxide adduct, secondary higher (10 to 18 carbon atoms) alcohol/alkylene oxide adduct (3 to 9 moles of adduct), sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, etc. Surfactants and the like can be mentioned, and an appropriate selection can be made from these. The resin curing agent (E) is a curing catalyst for the resol resin (A), such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, toluenesulfonic acid,
Mention may be made of acid catalysts such as xylene sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. The raw material composition in the present invention includes the above (A), (B),
It consists of (C), (D) and (E). Furthermore, in addition to these components, a porous substance (F) and/or a filler (G) can also be used as necessary. porous material
Examples of (F) include shirasu balun, phyllite,
Examples include aluminosilicate porous materials such as vermiculite and the like; resin foams such as phenolic resin foams and urethane resin foams; The porous material (F) improves the water absorption and water retention of the pieces, thereby improving the growth of mushroom mycelia. Examples of the filler (G) include plant tissue components such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and natural or synthetic fibers such as cotton, vinylon, and polyester. Filler (G)
gives the pieces an appropriate amount of air and ingredients similar to natural wood, which improves the growth of mycelium. The raw material composition in the present invention includes the above-mentioned (A), (B),
Consists of (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G), and the proportion of each component is (A)
(B) 5 to 400 parts by weight, (C) 5 to 400 parts by weight, (D) 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, (E) 3 to 50 parts by weight, (F) 0 to 100 parts by weight.
200 parts by weight, (G) can be in the range of 0 to 200 parts by weight. The preferred raw material composition includes 5 to 300 parts by weight of sawdust, 5 to 250 parts by weight of rice bran, 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of surfactant, 0 to 50 parts by weight of acid catalyst, and porous Mention may be made of compositions comprising proportions ranging from 3 to 50 parts by weight of substances and from 0 to 200 parts by weight of fillers. The proportions of each component in the raw material composition are as above, but (B) and
The ratio of (C) to 100 parts by weight of (B) can be in the range of 10 to 150 parts by weight, and the ratio of (B) and (D) to 100 parts by weight of (B) can range from 10 to 150 parts by weight of (D). )0.3 to 9 parts by weight, (B) and (F) and/or
The ratio of (G) is (F) and/or (G) 0 to 100 parts by weight of (B)
-130 parts by weight. Or
If the ratio of each component deviates from the above range, it is not preferable because the desired piece cannot be obtained, and even if it can be obtained, it will be expensive. For example, if the ratio is less than 5 parts by weight of (B) to 100 parts by weight of (A), the result will be a sawdust-dispersed resin molding with extremely low water absorption ability rather than a piece, and mycelial culture will be virtually impossible. On the other hand, if the proportion exceeds 400 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain a molding effect, and even if molding and curing can be achieved, only pieces with low mechanical strength will be obtained. Also, if the ratio is less than 0.5 parts by weight (D) per 100 parts by weight (A) or less than 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight (B), only pieces with poor water absorption performance, that is, pieces with a water absorption rate of less than 10%, will be used. In such pieces, the growth of mycelia is poor, and even if the proportion exceeds 9 parts by weight,
In other words, even if you increase the amount of surfactant (D) used, you cannot expect a proportional effect and it will become an expensive piece.
Furthermore, in some cases, it may adversely affect the growth of hyphae, which is undesirable. If the porous material (F) and filler (G) are used in amounts exceeding the above-mentioned proportions, only pieces with low mechanical strength will be obtained. The pieces in the present invention are obtained by curing a raw material composition and have a water absorption rate of at least 10%, and can be manufactured by various methods. For example, when using resol resin as the synthetic resin (A), after sufficiently mixing the resol resin, sawdust, rice bran, surfactant aqueous solution, and if necessary, porous material and filler, add and mix the acid catalyst aqueous solution. A method in which the raw material composition is prepared by adding and mixing water as necessary, and is then charged into a piece mold, kept at a temperature in the range of 5 to 200°C, molded and cured, and then released from the mold. It can be easily manufactured by curing it into a shape and cutting out pieces from the cured product. At this time, there are no particular restrictions on the shape or size of the piece, and it can be determined by taking into consideration the diameter and size of the hole drilled in the log. Of course, the shape and size of the wooden pieces may be substantially the same as those of conventionally known wooden pieces. The manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that the pieces manufactured as described above are treated with an alkaline substance using an alkaline substance.Since the pieces contain an acidic substance such as an acid catalyst, the pieces are soaked in ion-exchanged water. When immersed in water, acidic substances elute, and ion exchange water has a pH of 2~
However, in the present invention, the pieces are treated with alkaline so that the pH becomes weakly acidic or weakly alkaline with a pH of 6 to 8. Examples of treatment methods include a method of immersing the piece in an aqueous solution of an alkaline substance, a method of leaving the piece in a gas containing an alkaline substance, and the like. At this time, examples of the alkaline substance include alkali metal compounds, ammonia, fatty acid amines, etc., with ammonia being particularly preferred. Since the pieces of the present invention are composed of easily available components and the manufacturing procedure is simple, pieces with consistent quality can be produced on an industrial scale. Furthermore, the pieces are suitably porous, mechanically strong, and have excellent water absorption properties, and can be handled in the same manner as conventionally known wooden pieces and exhibit excellent effects. That is, after absorbing water until the water absorption rate is 10% or more, the pieces are steam sterilized, and edible mushroom mycelium can be inoculated and grown according to known procedures to use as a seed fungus, and in this step,
The amount of water absorbed can be adjusted freely, steam sterilization can be performed easily and in a short time, and the growth of mycelium is extremely smooth. The inoculum prepared using the piece of the present invention can be applied to the cultivation of edible mushroom logs by conventionally known procedures. The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples of molding pieces, culture tests using various mushroom hyphae, storage tests of cultured starter bacteria, and examples of cultivation tests of various mushrooms. However, the present invention is not limited only to these examples. In addition, parts in the examples mean parts by weight unless otherwise specified. Molding Example 1 Amount of raw material composition used (parts) Resol resin 100 Sawdust 170 Rice bran 80 Surfactant *1 6 Water 35 Hardening agent *2 35 *1: "Neogen AS" (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) , Main component: Sodium alkylsulfonate, 40% solution) *2: P-toluenesulfonic acid 70% solution Mix resol resin, sawdust, rice bran, surfactant, and water, then add and mix curing agent to make raw material. A composition was prepared. Pour this composition into a piece mold for 90~
The piece was molded and cured at a temperature of 100°C, and then removed from the mold to obtain a piece.
The pieces had a water absorption rate of 20%, a density of 0.72 g/cm ³ , and a compressive strength of 45 Kg/cm ² . This piece was immersed in 28% alkaline water and subjected to alkali treatment. Five alkali-treated pieces were immersed in 100 ml of ion-exchanged water for 24 hours, and the pH of the ion-exchanged water was measured and found to be 6. In addition, in the case of untreated pieces, the pH was 2.4. Molding Examples 2 to 7 Alkali-treated pieces were obtained according to the same procedure as in Molding Example 1 using the composition ratios and piece mold temperatures shown in Table 1. The physical properties of the pieces were as shown in Table 1.

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[Table] Molding Example 8 Raw material composition component usage (parts) Resol resin 100 Sawdust 100 Rice bran 80 “Neogen AS” (surfactant) *1 6 70% P-toluenesulfonic acid solution (curing agent) 30 Lignin 25 Water 30 *1: Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., anionic surfactant (main ingredient: sodium alkyl sulfonate) solution 60% resol resin, sawdust, rice bran, “Neogen AS”,
A raw material composition was prepared by mixing lignin and water, and then adding and mixing an aqueous P-toluenesulfonic acid solution. This composition was charged into a piece mold, molded and cured at a temperature in the range of 65 to 70°C, and removed from the mold to obtain a piece. The water absorption rate of the piece is 20%, the density is 0.81g/ ^cm3 , and the compressive strength is 53
It was Kg/ ^cm2 . This piece was immersed in 28% ammonia water and subjected to alkali treatment. When the PH of the alkali-treated piece was measured in the same manner as in Molding Example 1, it was found to be PH7. Molding Example 9 Raw material composition component usage (parts) Resol resin 100 Sawdust 110 Rice bran 65 “Hitenol NE-05” *2 2.5 P-toluenesulfonic acid 70% solution (hardening agent) 30 Cellulose 45 Water 30 *1 : Manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., anionic surfactant, main ingredients: ether sulfate ammonium salt 95% resol resin, sawdust, rice bran, "Hitenol"
NE-05”, cellulose and water are mixed, then P
- A raw material composition was prepared by adding and mixing an aqueous toluenesulfonic acid solution. Pour this composition into a piece mold,
It was molded and cured at a temperature in the range of 65 to 70°C, and the piece was demolded to obtain a piece. The water absorption rate of the pieces is 22%, the density is 0.77g/ ^cm3 ,
The compressive strength was 49Kg/ ^cm2 . This piece was immersed in 28% ammonia water and subjected to alkali treatment. PH is 7
It was hot. Example 1 Inoculum culture test The alkali-treated pieces obtained in Molding Examples 1 to 7 were immersed in water to absorb water, then placed in a polypropylene container (1000 pieces/1600 ml), and steam sterilized (120°C, 60°C).
After that, Shiitake mycelia, Nameko mycelium, and Oyster mushroom mycelia were inoculated and a culture test was conducted at 20 to 24°C. The results were as shown in Tables 2-4. As is clear from the table, these hyphae grew better than the wooden pieces in the control group and the molded pieces that were not treated with ammonia, and the number of days for growing them was slightly shorter.

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[Table] Example 2 Storage test of seed fungi For the pieces shown in Molding Examples 1 to 7 in which shiitake, nameko, and oyster mushroom mycelia were cultured, the pieces were stored at 3°C and 18°C.
A storage test was conducted at ℃. As a result, the vitality of the mycelium was maintained for 24 months at 3℃ and 10 months at 18℃. Measure the distance that the split mushroom mycelium extends into the wood piece.)
Transplant growth on agar medium was normal. Furthermore, there was no change in the mechanical strength* of the inoculum. On the other hand, the wooden pieces in the control group were kept at 3℃ for up to 24 months, causing mycelial elongation on the wooden pieces.
The growth of the transplants on the agar medium was normal, but after 20 months there was a tendency for the mechanical strength to be poor. Furthermore, after 6 months at 18°C, wooden blocks exhibited poor elongation on wood chips, poor elongation when transplanted to agar medium, and a decrease in mechanical strength. From the above, it can be said that the cultured pieces of the present invention are superior to conventional wooden pieces in terms of storage stability and mechanical strength. *If the mechanical strength decreases, that is, if the pieces become soft and brittle, bacteria will not be able to propagate, or even if they can, they will be easily attacked by bacteria. Example 3 Inoculum culture test 1 Shiitake cultivation test Cultivation test (20-year-old Quercus Quercus logs, diameter 8-10 cm, length 1 m, 25 pieces/piece) Inoculation) was performed. Using the present fungus as a control, we investigated the length of seed set after 3 months, the length of peeling after 6 months, and the amount of growth. . On the other hand, there was no difference in yield. 2 Nameko culture test Perform a cultivation test (15-year-old beech logs, diameter 7-8 cm, length 1 m, 30 pieces/main inoculation) on the acrylic-treated pieces obtained in Molding Examples 1 to 7 in which Nameko mycelium was cultured. Ta. As a result of investigating the growth of seedlings at the 3rd month and the growth of peeling at the 6th month, as shown in Table 6, both of them grew better than the seed bacteria of this piece. It became clear that it was better.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A raw material composition consisting of a resol type phenol resin (A), sawdust (B), rice bran (C), a surfactant (D) and a resin curing agent (E) is molded and cured to produce the following. 1. A method for producing resin-based pieces for preparing edible mushroom seeds, which comprises obtaining pieces having a water absorption rate of at least 10%, and then treating the pieces with ammonia. Note: After immersing the piece in water at 25℃ for 15 hours, leave it for 30 minutes at 25℃ on a non-water-absorbing board, then measure the amount of water absorbed (volume) from the increase in weight of the piece, and calculate based on the following formula. percentage. Water absorption rate (%) = Water absorption amount (cc) / Piece volume (cc)
×100