JPH08303186A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a tunnel excavator capable of excavating in any shape closer to a practical tunnel finished cross section, such as a rectangular shape, a horseshoe shape, a rectangular shape, and an expanded elliptical cross section. [Configuration] A main cutter head 50 disposed at a front end portion of the tunnel excavating machine 10 in a traveling direction and rotating around a rotation axis 42 in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel excavating machine to excavate, and a main cutter behind the main cutter head. The auxiliary cutter head 70 is provided so as to project outward from the outer circumference of the head, and at least one auxiliary cutter head 70 that excavates by rotating around a rotation axis 62 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main cutter head. The tunnel excavator is characterized in that the cutter head is an auxiliary cutter head having an excavation projection cross section corresponding to the remaining shape of the tunnel cross section to be excavated after excavation by the main cutter head.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is, for example, for excavating tunnels such as subway tunnels, tunnel excavators for excavating tunnels such as railroads and roads by excavating rock tunnels in power stations, mountains, etc. The present invention relates to a shield machine (hereinafter, these machine machines are collectively referred to as "tunnel excavator"), and more particularly to a tunnel excavator capable of excavating a tunnel having a shape closer to the tunnel shape.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a road tunnel or the like, the finished cross section of the tunnel has a substantially rectangular shape, a horseshoe shape, a rectangular shape, or an expanded elliptical shape.
In order to perform tunnel excavation with a disk-shaped cutter head that is arranged at the front end of the tunnel excavator in the excavation direction and rotates around the rotation axis in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel excavator, the excavation cross section is circular. Therefore, the tunnel excavation is performed so that the cross section becomes larger than the finished cross section of the tunnel, and the extra excavation cross section is crushed. Therefore,
In particular, the larger the cross section of the tunnel, the higher the cost of tunnel excavation and uneconomical.
It is desired to develop a tunnel excavator capable of excavating closer to a practical tunnel finish section.

By the way, as a tunnel excavator capable of excavating closer to the finished cross section of such a practical tunnel, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 62-225694 discloses an elliptical shape having an enlarged diameter such as a tunnel of a plurality of lanes such as a highway. A tunnel excavator for excavating a rectangular section or a rectangular section has been proposed. As shown in FIG. 8, this tunnel excavator is provided with a plurality of large-diameter main cutter heads 101, 102, 103 at the forward end of the tunnel excavator in the excavation direction in the axial direction so that they are adjacent to each other. Cutter head cutting area 10
4 are arranged so as to overlap each other, and a small-diameter auxiliary cutter head 108 is arranged in a non-cutting region 106 formed between these cutters.

[0004]

However, in this conventional tunnel excavator, the rotating shaft of the small-diameter auxiliary cutter head 108 for excavating the non-cutting region 106 of the overlapping large-diameter main cutter heads 101, 102, 103 is large. , The excavation section of the entire excavator has an uneven shape because it is parallel to the rotation axis of the main cutter head, and in particular, at the corners, the rounded excavation corner is equal to the shape of the auxiliary cutter head 108 with a small diameter. Next to
It is difficult to obtain a tunnel excavation cross section that is close to practical use, such as an expanded elliptical cross section and a rectangular cross section.

Further, in this case, the excavation cross section of the entire excavator is uneven, and the main cutter heads 101, 102, 103 and the auxiliary cutter head 108 with respect to the finished cross section of the tunnel.
However, the unexcavated area that cannot be excavated must be forcibly excavated by the machine outline (hood plate) when propelling the tunnel excavator, and if the ground to be excavated is strong,
The excavation resistance increased, which was not preferable. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to further arrange a plurality of auxiliary cutter heads for excavating the unexcavated area, but in this case, the drive mechanism has a very complicated structure. There was a problem.

In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a rectangular shape, a horseshoe shape, a rectangular shape, an expanded elliptical cross section, and the like.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator capable of excavating an arbitrary shape that is closer to a practical tunnel finished cross section.

[0007]

The tunnel excavator according to the present invention was invented in order to achieve the above-mentioned problems and objects in the prior art.
(9) is the gist.

(1) A main cutter head which is disposed at a front end portion of a tunnel excavator in a traveling direction and rotates around a rotation axis in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel excavator to excavate, and a main cutter head behind the main cutter head. The auxiliary cutter head is provided so as to project outward from the outer circumference of the cutter head, and at least one auxiliary cutter head for excavating by rotating around a rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main cutter head, A tunnel excavator, wherein the cutter head is an auxiliary cutter head having an excavation projection cross section corresponding to the remaining shape of the tunnel cross section to be excavated after excavating with the main cutter head.

(2) The tunnel excavator according to the above (1), wherein two auxiliary cutter heads are provided.

(3) The two auxiliary cutter heads are
The two auxiliary cutter heads are disposed so as to face each other at the lower end of the main cutter head so that the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the excavation cross section of the auxiliary cutter head form a horseshoe-shaped tunnel excavation cross section. 2. The tunnel excavator according to (2) above, wherein the excavation projection cross section is formed.

(4) The two auxiliary cutter heads are
The two auxiliary cutter heads are arranged on both sides of the central portion of the main cutter head so that the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the excavation cross section of the auxiliary cutter head form an elliptical tunnel excavation cross section. The tunnel excavator according to (2) above, wherein a projected cross section is formed.

(5) The tunnel excavator according to the above (1), wherein four auxiliary cutter heads are provided.

(6) The four auxiliary cutter heads are
It is arranged facing both sides of the upper and lower ends of the main cutter head, so that a rectangular tunnel excavation cross section is formed by the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the excavation cross section of the auxiliary cutter head.
The tunnel excavator according to (5) above, wherein the excavation projection cross section of the four auxiliary cutter heads is formed.

(7) The tunnel excavator according to any one of the above (1) to (6) is used as a single tunnel excavator unit, and a plurality of tunnel excavator units are vertically and horizontally connected to each other. A tunnel excavator characterized in that it constitutes one tunnel excavator.

(8) When connecting the tunnel excavating machine units, the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavating machine units are mutually arranged by arranging the front and rear positions of the adjacent tunnel excavating machine units so as to be displaced from each other by a predetermined distance. The tunnel excavator according to (7) above, which is configured so as not to interfere.

(9) When connecting the tunnel excavator units, the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units are configured to operate synchronously so that the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units are mutually connected. The above-mentioned (7) characterized by being configured so as not to interfere
Tunnel excavator described in.

[0017]

In the tunnel excavator having the above-mentioned structure, first, the circular tunnel is excavated by the main cutter head arranged at the front end of the excavator, and the circular tunnel is arranged behind the excavator, so that the main cutter head rotates in the direction of rotation. Auxiliary cutter head that rotates in a direction perpendicular to and has a projected projection section (ie, excavation trajectory) that corresponds to the tunnel finish section shape, so that the unexcavated area is accurately excavated and the tunnel corresponding to any finish section can be accurately located. Be drilled in.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a tunnel excavator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an end view seen from the direction AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is sectional drawing about the -B line.

As shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 generally indicates a tunnel excavator of the present invention. The tunnel excavator 10 basically has an excavator main body 20 having a shape substantially equal to the excavation cross-sectional shape. And an excavation section 30 provided in front of the excavation direction.

The excavator main body 20 is provided with a shield frame 22 having a shape substantially equal to the excavation cross-sectional shape, a propulsion jack 24 arranged inside the shield frame, and an erector 26 which is a segment mounting device. There is. Propulsion jack 24
Is to push the tunnel excavator 10 in the direction of excavation by extending the cylinder with hydraulic pressure.When the tunnel excavator 10 is excavated to some extent and the tunnel excavator 10 moves forward, the cylinder is returned to the ground excavated rock. There is a gap between it and the segment 21 laid on the excavation surface, and a segment is laid in the gap via the rotatable erector 26 that grips the next segment 21 ', and the cylinder is extended to this segment again. To push the tunnel excavator 10 in the direction of excavation.

Further, the excavator main body 20 is provided with a drive motor 28 composed of an electric motor or the like, and through a gear 40 meshing with the pinion 29 of the drive motor 28, a longitudinal direction of the tunnel excavator 10 is provided. The drive shaft 42 disposed at the position is rotationally driven. The rotation of the drive shaft 42 causes the excavator 30 to rotate.
Two bearings provided on the cylindrical shield frame 32 of
It is supported by 4,36 and is transmitted to a bearing 46, which is a slewing bearing that also serves as a gear for adjusting the rotation speed that meshes with a pinion 44 provided at the tip of the drive shaft 42, and is transmitted to this bearing 46. The fixed main cutter head 50 is driven to rotate. Main cutter head 50 base end 52
The seal members 47 and 48 are provided between the shield frame 32 and the shield frame 32 to protect the power transmission members such as bearings and gears inside the excavator from the external atmosphere such as muddy water.

The main cutter head 50 has a disc shape, and a total of four cutter head portions 56 provided with a plurality of bite bits 54 (or roller bits for a hard rock layer).
And a head main body 57 between the cutter head 56 and the cutter head 56 and the head main body 57.
The earth and sand excavated from the gap 58 between and is sent to the rear.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in this embodiment, behind the main cutter head 50 and on both upper and lower end portions of the main cutter head 50 (that is, four corners). A total of four auxiliary cutter heads 70 having a conical shape are provided facing each other, and their drive shafts 62 are respectively provided in the direction perpendicular to the drive shaft of the main cutter head 50. That is, the drive shaft 62 is rotatably supported via the bearings 66 and 68 provided inside the auxiliary cutter head support frame member 64 provided on the shield frame 32, and
The bevel gear 65 provided at the base end portion 63 of the drive shaft 62 is configured to mesh with a bevel gear 49 provided in the middle of the drive shaft 42 for rotationally driving the main cutter head described above,
The rotation of the drive motor 28 is transmitted to the auxiliary cutter head 70, and the auxiliary cutter head 70 is rotationally driven.

The auxiliary cutter head 70, like the main cutter head 50, has a total of four cutter head portions 76 provided with a plurality of bite bits 74 (or roller bits for a hard rock layer) and a cutter. Head main body 77 between heads 76
And is configured to send the excavated earth and sand backward through a gap 78 between the cutter head portion 76 and the head main body portion 77.

In this case, since the excavation projection cross section of the auxiliary cutter head 70 and the projection cross section of the main cutter head 50 have an exact rectangular shape as shown in the excavation projection cross section of FIG. The section of the tunnel excavated by the tunnel excavator 10 has an accurate rectangular shape. That is, in the present tunnel excavator 10, first, a circular (a) tunnel is excavated by the main cutter head 50 provided at the front end of the excavator 10, and the tunnel is arranged behind the tunnel, and the main cutter head 50 is provided. The uncut region (b) is accurately drilled by the auxiliary cutter head 70 having a projected projected cross section corresponding to the tunnel finish sectional shape, which rotates in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction.

Although not shown in the drawing, a device for discharging the soil (sludge) generated by the excavation is appropriately selected by a mud type, a mud pressure type, a belt conveyor type, or the like. Just do it.

FIG. 5 shows an excavation projection sectional view of the tunnel excavator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the main cutter head is shown.
The difference is that two cone-shaped auxiliary cutter heads 70 'are provided facing each other at the rear of the main cutter head 50 and on both sides of the lower end of the main cutter head 50 (that is, the two lower corners), The rest of the constituent members have the same structure as in the first embodiment, and are not shown. With this configuration, the main cutter head 50 can obtain a circular excavation cross section, and the auxiliary cutter head 50 can
Further excavation at 70 'gives a precise horseshoe-shaped tunnel excavation cross section, which can be applied to the headrace tunnel of a power plant.

FIG. 6 shows an excavation projection sectional view of the tunnel excavator according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the main cutter head is shown.
The main cutter head is different in that two auxiliary elliptical cutter heads 70 "are provided facing each other at the rear of the main cutter head 50 and at both sides of the central portion of the main cutter head 50 (that is, two places on the left and right). The two digging projection cross sections of the two auxiliary cutter heads 70 "are formed so that the digging cross section of the auxiliary cutter head and the digging cross section of the auxiliary cutter head form an elliptical tunnel digging cross section. The tunnel excavation cross section can be obtained.

FIG. 7 shows an excavation projection sectional view of a tunnel excavator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a tunnel excavator as described above is used as a single tunnel excavator. As the machine unit 80, a plurality (three in the present embodiment) of tunnel excavator units are connected in the vertical and horizontal directions to form one tunnel excavator as a whole to excavate a tunnel of any shape. It is configured in. In this case, when connecting the tunnel excavator units 80, the front and rear positions between the adjacent tunnel excavator units,
As shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 1, the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units 80 interfere with each other by arranging them by displacing them to the rear by a constant distance (L) (it is also possible to displace them in a zigzag pattern). It is configured so as not to. In this case, as a method of configuring the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units 80 so as not to interfere with each other, for example, if the cutter heads are spoke-shaped, even if the cutter heads are polymerized with each other, the adjacent tunnel excavators are adjacent to each other. By configuring the cutter heads between the units to operate synchronously, it is possible to prevent the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units from interfering with each other.

The tunnel excavator according to the present invention should not be limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and the excavation projection cross section of the auxiliary cutter head is changed with respect to the excavation direction, that is, the auxiliary cutter head. By changing the shape, number and position, it is possible to correspond to the tunnel cross section of any shape in combination with the excavation of the main cutter head, and it should be included in the technical scope of the invention of the present application. is there.

[0032]

According to the tunnel excavator according to the present invention,
A circular tunnel is excavated with a large diameter main cutter head arranged at the front end of the excavator, and it is arranged behind it and rotates in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the main cutter head,
In addition, since the remaining portion of the excavation is excavated by the small-diameter auxiliary cutter head having the excavation projected section (excavation trajectory) corresponding to the tunnel finish sectional shape, it is an extremely excellent invention that exhibits a number of excellent operational effects as described below.

(1) The unexcavated area is excavated accurately, and a rectangular, horseshoe-shaped, rectangular, expanded elliptical cross-section, etc.
It is possible to accurately excavate a tunnel corresponding to an arbitrary finished cross section closer to a practical tunnel finished cross section.

(2) Further, even when the excavation ground is hard, the gap between the ground and the machine body can be suppressed to a necessary minimum, and there is little overditch, and the excavator is propelled in the direction of excavation. Also, the resistance from the unexcavated ground can be reduced.

(3) A plurality of vertical and horizontal tunnel excavating machines of the present invention, which are a combination of a main cutter head and an auxiliary cutter head, are formed as a single tunnel excavating machine unit by operating in a range where the cutter heads do not interfere with each other or in synchronous operation. A tunnel excavator that is connected in a single direction as a whole is a tunnel that is closer to a more practical tunnel cross section, such as an expanded elliptical cross section or a rectangular cross section of a multi-lane tunnel such as a highway. It is possible to drill at once.

(4) Two conical auxiliary cutter heads are provided in the rear of the main cutter head and on both sides of the lower end of the main cutter head (that is, at two lower corners). In the configuration, a circular excavation cross section is obtained with the main cutter head 50 and further excavated with the auxiliary cutter head,
An accurate horseshoe-shaped tunnel excavation section can be obtained, and it can be applied to the headrace tunnel of a power plant.

(5) Behind the main cutter head and at both sides of the center of the main cutter head (that is, right and left two places)
In addition, in the structure in which the two auxiliary elliptical auxiliary cutter heads are provided facing each other, the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the auxiliary cutter head have an elliptical tunnel excavation cross section, Two auxiliary cutter heads 70 "
Since the excavation projection cross section of is formed, it can be adopted as an elliptical excavator that can obtain an accurate elliptical tunnel excavation cross section after excavation.

(6) In combination with the excavation of the main cutter head, by changing the excavation projection cross section of the auxiliary cutter head with respect to the excavation direction, that is, by changing the shape, number and position of the auxiliary cutter head, It is possible to correspond to a tunnel cross section of any shape, and a very versatile wide tunnel excavator can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical sectional view of a first embodiment of a tunnel excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an end view as seen from the direction AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an excavation projection sectional view of the tunnel excavator of the present invention.

[Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a projected cross-sectional view of a tunnel excavator excavated by a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an excavation projection sectional view of an excavation by a third embodiment of the tunnel excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an excavation projection sectional view of an excavation of a tunnel excavator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a front view of a conventional tunnel excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 ... Tunnel excavator 20 ... Excavator main body 30 ... Excavator 21 ... Segment 22 ... Shield frame 24 ... Propulsion jack 26 ... Electa 28 ... Drive motor 29 ... Pinion 30 ... Excavator 32 ... Shield frame 34, 36, 46 ... Bearing 40 ... Gear 42 ... Drive shaft 47, 48 ... Seal member 49 ... Bevel gear 50 ... Main cutter head 52 ... Proximal end portion 54 ... Bit bit 56 ... Cutter head portion 57 ... Head main body portion 62 ... Drive shaft 64 ... Auxiliary cutter Head support frame member 65 ... Bevel gears 66, 68 ... Bearing 70 ... Auxiliary cutter head 74 ... Bit bit 76 ... Cutter head part 77 ... Head body part 80 ... Tunnel excavator unit 101, 102, 103 ... Main cutter head 104 ... Cutting Area 106 ... Non-cutting area 108 ... Auxiliary cutter head

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A main cutter head which is disposed at a front end portion of a tunnel excavator in a traveling direction and rotates around a rotation axis in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel excavator to excavate, and a main cutter behind the main cutter head. At least one auxiliary cutter head which is disposed so as to project outward from the outer circumference of the head and excavates by rotating about a rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main cutter head; A tunnel excavator, wherein the head is an auxiliary cutter head having an excavation projection cross section corresponding to the remaining shape of the tunnel cross section to be excavated after excavating with the main cutter head. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein two auxiliary cutter heads are provided. 3. The two auxiliary cutter heads are arranged so as to face each other on both lower end portions of the main cutter head, and the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the excavation cross section of the auxiliary cutter head form a horseshoe-shaped tunnel. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein the excavation projection cross sections of the two auxiliary cutter heads are formed so as to have an excavation cross section. 4. The two auxiliary cutter heads are arranged so as to face each other on both sides of the center of the main cutter head, and an elliptical tunnel is formed by the excavation cross section of the main cutter head and the excavation cross section of the auxiliary cutter head. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein the excavation projection cross sections of the two auxiliary cutter heads are formed so as to have an excavation cross section. 5. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein four auxiliary cutter heads are provided. 6. The four auxiliary cutter heads are arranged facing each other on the upper and lower ends of the main cutter head,
The excavation projection section of the four auxiliary cutter heads is formed so that the excavation section of the main cutter head and the excavation section of the auxiliary cutter head form a rectangular tunnel excavation section. Tunnel excavator described in. 7. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, as a single tunnel excavator unit,
A tunnel excavator, characterized in that a plurality of tunnel excavator units are connected in the vertical and horizontal directions to form one tunnel excavator as a whole. 8. When connecting the tunnel excavator units, the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units interfere with each other by arranging the front and rear positions of the adjacent tunnel excavator units with a constant gap. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the tunnel excavator is configured not to. 9. When connecting the tunnel excavator units, the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units are configured to operate synchronously so that the cutter heads of the adjacent tunnel excavator units interfere with each other. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the tunnel excavator is configured not to.