JPH06506141A - Method and apparatus for separating a mixture of liquid and solid components - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method and apparatus for separating a mixture of liquid bone and solid matter Technical field The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention is provided in claim 13. The present invention relates to a separation device for carrying out the above-mentioned method according to the general concept of .

Background technology In this type of method and equipment, the final This type of method and device is described in European Patent No. A No. 318,732. This type of press or separation equipment is The mixture to be separated is pushed through the filter or filter plate under pressure load. The filter plate and press space are limited, and the press What is a separation device in which the press volume does not change its volume during the process? Fundamentally different.

Furthermore, numerous methods are known for separating mixtures of liquid bone and solid matter, and These methods include polymeric conditioning, e.g. by addition of organic floc media. conditioning, thermal conditioning or chemical conditioning (lime-chloride Conditioning methods such as iron additives) are also included.

Depending on the type of conditioning, the mixture or slurry to be dehydrated may be further There are differences in the difficulty of breaking the flock structure during the treatment process, and The water properties are significantly dependent on the thickness of the press cake in this type of mixture. Ru.

Chemical conditioning, i.e. the addition of lime iron chloride, reduces the pressing process. □The press is carried out by filters placed on both sides of the press cake. The thickness of the cake can reach up to 4 Qmm and the dry matter concentration is The degree reaches a maximum of 40% to 45%. This kind of conditioning is mainly Used in chamber type filter presses. However, the disadvantage of this method is that lime The increase in press cake volume caused by the addition reaches about 30%, so It is said that the net dry matter concentration is significantly reduced compared to the solid content that should be filtered. There are several points.

For example, fibrous slurry from paper mill equipment or other well dewaterable slurries For industrial slurries, the above limitations do not apply. In particular, paper mill slurry Polymer conditioning achieves over 60% dryness in thin film cylinder presses. Dry substances can be dehydrated without problems. However, squeezing this fiber-containing slurry , in comparison to the pressing of a slurry, the pressing of which is to be improved according to the present invention. Can not. The reason is that the compression of the fiber-containing slurry has structural and methodological problems. special measures have been taken to make it possible to squeeze the liquid bone easily at first, but further This is because squeezing is difficult for squeezing.

Disclosure of invention The problem of the present invention is that it is difficult to dewater household slurry and/or slurry from cleaning equipment. One or more of the slurries can be separated over a wide range and only Even if these slurries are aerobically stabilized, at least 40%, especially Separation methods and separation methods that allow dry matter concentrations of 50% and above to be achieved The objective is to provide a separation device. This kind of aerobically stabilized slurry is It has been said that it is difficult to dehydrate to a dry matter concentration of 30% or more using this method. . It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the method of the type mentioned at the beginning so that it can be easily compressed. The mixture of liquid bone and solid content that is difficult to compress can also be used as a slurry or suspension as described above. This also allows for optimal squeezing of turbid liquids to the highest dry substance concentration. It's there.

The invention provides a method of the type mentioned at the outset by the features of claim 1. A device of the type mentioned at the outset can be solved in each case by the features of claim 13. did it.

The idea of the present invention is based on the following. That is, surrounding it on all sides limited by the trough, unsealed and at least below and possibly on the sides. Inside the press chamber, which is divided into a number of press volumes that are open to both the sides and the top, The plates are arranged parallel to each other and, if necessary, at maximum separation, preferably in a latch manner. A thin filter plate is provided which limits the filtering volume; The conditioning chamber is preferably supplied with conditioning from above via an inflow vessel or feed funnel. The slurry is preferably pre-dewatered, or the slurry is charged in the form of gravity conveyance, or is force-charged by a suitable feeding device, e.g. a large-area piston. has been done.

Presses that are divided into a number of partial volumes or press volumes by filter plates After the chamber is filled, the supply container is pulled away from the press chamber by a slider.

When the slider is closed, the surface of the thin plate filter is exposed to the press chamber or trough or It has dimensions that almost match the inner width of the the thin plate filter in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the press chamber in a direction that reduces the partial volume. When moving the thin plate filter, its edges close the trough or casing on all sides. or at the very end of the restricting surface of the press chamber. It is constructed so that the outer periphery of the thin plate filter can be There is no sealing device between the surface or edge and the inside of the casing, and there is no sealing device between the surface or edge and the inside of the casing. The contact between the filter and the trough wall or slider is non-sealing.

The pressing process itself is performed as follows. In other words, the press space is reduced in the longitudinal direction. that is, reduced in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the filter plate; The filled mixture is squeezed between thin filter plates. deer After the initial separation of liquid and solids, a small filling thickness of 10 m Due to the small spacing and liquid loss between the filter plates with dimensions ranging from As a result, the friction angle of the press cake increases relatively quickly, resulting in a still slight press cake. In the initial phase of the squeezing process, the liquid and solids are already mixed together. Squeezing out of the coalescence takes place at the edge of the lamellar filter.

However, the following preparations are required in advance. This means that the filtrate that flows out during the initial phase of squeezing The solids that flow out at the same time are removed by a filter placed below the filter plate. This allows liquid to flow through the filter at the edges. and retain solids or recirculate the effluent mixture. It is now possible to do this. This filter is located at the lower limit of the press chamber. spaced apart from the bottom of the lower tank, inside which the filter The liquid that flows through the tank can be captured.

After a certain dewatering rate has been achieved or after carrying out the first pressing step, the solid content is It is washed away from the other tank or filter. Also, during the next pressing process, the filter plate and the separate filtrate flowing out from the press cake are in all cases dripped into a tilted tank. can flow away.

Furthermore, due to the increase in the internal friction angle, the solids no longer flow out (after which the cypress can be washed). Cleaned by washing by the device and tilted until the end of the second pressing step It remains in place and drains the dripped filtrate.

After the end of the squeezing process, the tank is closed laterally or allowed to run longitudinally, As a result, the space below the thin plate filter is completely released. then follow it In the step the thin plate filter is returned to its original position and its movement and position are For example, a chain member or similar limited and imposed by limiting devices such as those that attached to the filter surface A compressed air lancer that can enter the compression chamber to remove accumulated filter cake. A scraping device or a separating device having the shape of or something similar to it. It is provided.

During the volume reduction operation of the first compression step, the compression pressure is maintained at an approximately constant value. and subsequently (the compression pressure acting during another volume reduction operation is increased to the final value). It is advantageous if In addition, when the features described in claims 9 and 10 are provided is advantageous. In such formats, a relatively large volume reduction occurs during the first compression step. achieved and a corresponding long-stroke drive for the press equipment is provided. It is. However, this drive device does not need to exert an extremely large force. This first 2 The desired linear volume limit or desired final pressure for the squeeze step is only one. can be achieved with a squeezing step during which the pressure is advantageously always above It works while rising. In addition, the drive unit and the squeezing device are configured in two stages or in multiple stages. It is advantageous to have The reason for this is during the second pressing step or at the end of the pressing operation. The press pressure of This is because it is definitely necessary throughout the stroke.

Other advantageous features of the invention can be found in the following description, drawings and claims. A brief explanation of the drawing that may become clear from the Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings. In this case, FIG. 1 shows an overview of the separation apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the separation device of the invention, FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams of different operations. Figure 5 is a schematic view of the working position, Figure 6 and Figure 6a are details of the filter plate. Figures and Figure 7 are diagrams of the joints between filter plates and the filter cake scraper. 8 and FIG. 8a are cross-sectional views of the filter plate, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the filter plate attached to the filter plate. Schematic diagrams of filter cake separation and combination devices, FIGS. 10 and 10a, according to the present invention Figures 11, 118 and 11b show variations of the separating device from the press volume. Illustration of a movable device for removing filter cake, FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the trough , respectively.

Description of examples FIG. 1 schematically shows the separation apparatus of the present invention. This separator is equipped with a thin plate wall. It has a longitudinally extending casing or trough 8 formed therein, as shown in dashed lines in the drawings. It has front, back and side walls 51 which are covered. Trough is a tiltable tank 11 and is closed downward. The upper cover surface of the casing is 18. Further, adjacent to or within the trough 8, An end plate 4 and a pressing plate 2 are disposed assembled within the housing.

Furthermore, outside or inside the casing, possibly integrated into the casing, the front A side wall, a rear wall and a longitudinal support or guide support 1 extend, and these The end plate 4 is placed at one end of the trough 8 to receive the press pressure, and The other end portions are respectively connected to the corresponding bearing portions 5, and the press unit is connected to the corresponding bearing portion 5. cut 6 is supported. It is arranged between the corresponding support part 5 and the pressing plate 2. The press unit 6 is configured to press a pressure plate for adjusting movement in the direction of the end plate 4. It puts a load on 2. Located between the end plate 4 and the pressing plate 2 The press chamber 30 is divided into a number of press chambers 22 located between the filter plates 3. This partial volume 22 constitutes a press chamber 30, and during the press process, be reduced. At the upper side and/or side of the casing 8 the supply container 7 and/or A number of supply passages 7 (Fig. 61, Fig. 12) open into the press chamber 30, one of which Alternatively, the plurality of passages 7 may be connected to the press chamber 30 or the slider 18 or the like as the case may be. Can be closed by other locking devices. This closing work is generally done in the press room 30. This is done after filling, but it can also be left unattended.

The tank 11 may be sealed to the trough wall via an inflatable sealing device 41. combined in a sealed manner.

A filter 25 extends almost horizontally into the tank 11. abutting the lower side of the plate 3 or being spaced therefrom; Ru. Furthermore, the tank 11 has an outlet 16' for the filtrate 16 and an outlet for mixing the liquid and solids. has an outlet 24 for the mixture to flow out of the press chamber 22 during compression; and cleaning by a cleaning device 27 (Fig. 3) supported by the tank and/or the casing. It is possible.

The press has a very long structure and its operation is also very long. As shown in Figure 2, the press units are separated by two press units. It can be divided into a unit 6 to a drive unit 6'. For example, the pressure plate 5 It is also possible to provide a type of spindle press 6' supporting the The pressing plate 5' is pressed against the pressing plate 5 by a spindle press 6'. ・It is adjustable. The squeezing process presses near the hydraulic press 6 located at the starting position. started by adjusting the plate 5' and after the first pressing step has been completed, Pressure-plate 5' is locked in one of a number of predetermined end positions 39. , and the hydraulic press 6 acts together with the pressure plate 5' as a corresponding bearing. this Higher forces are required during the second successive press step, which is This is because the work is done under higher pressure.

What should be noted here is the filter and slurry in the casing, trough 8, and tank 11. If the filter 18 is in close contact with the edge of the filter plate 3 and a sealing device is used. Since the casing or trough 8 is in contact with each other without being in contact with each other, there is no need to form the casing or trough 8 into a pressure-resistant shape. (The advantage is that it only needs to withstand the filling pressure or the pressure of the first press step.) This means that you will get points. Mixing as well as filtrate by increasing press pressure If bodies also flow out, these should be placed on or through the filter plate 25. can flow into the vessel through A large increase in pressure within the stress chamber 30 can be prevented. High pressure in the second compression step Once the force is built up, the sealing device is no longer needed. The reason is that the filter Due to the increased friction angle in the cage, the solids do not flow out of the seal and the filtered liquid flows out. This is because the filtered liquid only passes through the filter 25 and flows out. drops into the tank when the cypress is tilted. This high press pressure ', is received by the longitudinal support 1 and the end plate 4. Casing or Of course, it is also possible to form the trough in a pressure-resistant manner, for example as a reinforced concrete tank. Ru. Furthermore, the casing 8 and/or the tank 11, like the filter 25, can It may also be formed in a suitable location, especially on the side of the filter, to allow for this.

FIG. 3 shows the separation device of the present invention during its first working step; The solid content and liquid content flowing out near the tank 11 which was closed or slightly tilted during the operation. The mixture can be washed in a conduit 51 by means of a washing device 27, which conduit 51 is The mixture may optionally be recycled again to the supply vessel 7 for another squeeze. being admired. The filter plates 3 are brought closer to each other by the action of the hydraulic press 6. It is closed. Further approximation under increased pressure during further squeezing steps is shown in Figure 4. This is done at the desired end position as indicated.

In order to make the separation device of the present invention function well, basically the press chamber 30 has a large number of The press chamber 22 is divided into a press chamber 22, and the press chamber 22 is separated by a filter plate 3. is laterally restricted in the pressing direction, and the filter plate 3 is in the starting position and in the pressing direction. They are arranged substantially parallel to each other at a predetermined distance in their end positions. But the press room itself is open on all sides. This predetermined spacing is relatively small, so the filter cake A friction value that prevents the evacuation of the solids within is easily achieved, so that the second pressure At the end of the squeezing step, due to the increase in pressure, the above-mentioned high dewatering rate or high dry matter quality concentration is achieved without solids runoff.

FIG. 5 shows the final position of the squeezing process of the separator according to the invention, with the The filter plate 3 is returned to its starting position to eject the filter cake 19. and the filter cake 19 may be coated on the surface of the filter plate 3 as the case may be. With the help of a scraping knife 15 movable vertically on the top, it can be separated and discharged. I try to be able to do it.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 6a and 8, the scraping knife 15 is attached to the filter plate 3. with a frame portion 46 surrounding it with its vertical lateral edges, so that the frame portion 46 A scraping knife 15 extending horizontally on both sides of the filter plate 3 It is movable over the plate surface 31 in the direction of the arrow 50. The frame portion 46 is A cutout or eye 18 is provided in the lower end region, and the cutout or eye 18 is inserted through the cutout 18 to allow the separation. A rod 17 extending in the longitudinal direction of the separating device is guided (FIG. 5), and the rod 17 can be moved up and down by actuating device 20. This vertical movement is caused by the tank 11 being connected to the casing. This is done after separation from the ring 8. When the tank 11 is placed, the eye 18 and The rod 17 is received between the reservoir 11 and the filter 25 on both sides of the cutout 24 .

What is further noteworthy is that the notch 24 holds the mixture injected and discharged in the first squeezing step. and serves to transport it to the recirculation conduit 51 for the filling container 7. This means that The space 26 is arranged below the filter 25 towards the outlet 26'. from which point the filtrate 16 is drained or subjected to further processing. is supplied to the clarifier for

The filter plate 3 is movably guided in the longitudinal direction of the separation device. This plan The interior may be formed by the upper surface 52 of the longitudinal support 1, said support 1 The protrusion 38 of the filter plate 3 is placed on top. Case in similar format A notch or guide portion 37 is also provided in the ring 8, and a filter is provided inside the notch or guide portion 37. A protrusion 38 of the plate 3 is slidably supported.

The filter plate 3 can be adjusted back to the defined starting position after each pressing step. 7 and 9, the adjacent filter plates 3 are at least one coupling device, for example each filter plate At least one bottle 36 is attached to each side of the The bins 36 of the filter plate 3 are each surrounded by a ring member 35. Ru. This last ring member 35 pushes the filter plate 3 away from the end plate 4. It is connected to the pressure plate 2, so that the correct return position of the filter plate 3 can be maintained. location is achievable. This coupling device 35. ’36 is a filter plate mutual Never interfere with the movement in any way, but only for a specified maximum period of time. Compression volume that is guaranteed to separate beyond the distance or remain at the same thickness This is being prevented by defections exceeding .

Instead of the illustrated bin 36 and ring member 35, for example a chain 2 or a separator can be used. It is of course possible to use other devices, such as lobes 48 extending through the In this case, the filter plates 3 are attached to the device at predetermined intervals, e.g. with clamping screws 4. 9 or similar. Both ropes 48 The ends are connected to the end plate 4 and the pressure plate 2, respectively (FIG. 9).

The filter plate 3 consists of two plates with holes 41, as shown in FIG. plate 4 with a slot 14 and a vertical longitudinal slit 40 located therebetween; 5, in which case the hole 41 of the holed plate 14 is located in the central plate 45. It opens into a longitudinal slit 40. There is at least one file on the plate 14. A router layer 13 is attached. When pressure is applied, the liquid flows through the filter layer 1 3 and through the hole 41 and into the vertically extending slit 40, and the filter A discharge opening or a longitudinal slit opening downward in the lower region of the plate 3 It flows through 40 and goes out.

An alternative to the filter plate 8 is illustrated in Figure 8a. This filter The plate 3 advantageously has vertical passages 33 arranged offset from each other on both sides. , the surface of the filter plate 3 is covered with a filter layer 13 . child The liquid forced out in this manner flows downward through the vertically extending passage 33. The water is discharged and stored in the tank 11.

A further embodiment of the filter plates 3 is that they are immovably connected to each other and that The overlap of the metal filter fabric is such that a rigid filter lamina can be formed. It is a laminate that is closely matched. The mesh width of the metal filter fabric gradually increases outwards. As a result, only the filtrate is forced into the thin plate and the coarse metal woven fabric It is designed so that it can flow downward.

However, in each case, the edge of the filter plate or the filter plate itself is damaged during the squeezing process. spaced apart from each other by the central shrine, and advantageously at least over its circumference. It is left open over the entire circumference.

As an alternative to separating the filter cake 19 from the filter surface 31, each The upper area of each press chamber 22 between the two filter plates returned to their starting position. A lancer 21 is inserted in the spray area, and its nozzle 32 is connected to the filter plate. The lancer 21 is disposed adjacent to the surface 31 of the 3, and the spraying lancer 21 is The force dissociates and forces the filter cake to be discharged downward.

A piston 9 may be arranged in the supply container 7, and the piston 9 Forced charging into chamber 3o and thus the filter plate stationary in the starting position. A predetermined pre-squeezing of the mixture can be carried out in the vicinity of the outlet 3. Transportation and this compression The piston 9 has a check valve 23 so that the The check valve 23 prevents the mixture filled in the press chamber 30 from flowing upward. is being prevented.

The filter material 13 mounted on the filter plate 3 is a plastic woven fabric. and/or metal woven fabric, and the filter plate 3 is made of plastic, gold, etc. Consists of metal castings or formed sheet steel.

Based on FIG. 8a, the embodiment is preferably made of a plastic plate, which The plastic plate is provided with longitudinal channels 33 by corresponding processing means. ing.

The filter plate 3 can in principle have any type of shaped surface or perforated surface. It has a surface. This surface allows the filtrate flowing through the filter material 13 to It only flows out between the material 13 and the filter plate 3 or into the filter plate 3. is sufficient. Furthermore, it is also possible to realize a discharge passage 38 extending in an inclined or horizontal manner. The filter cake 9 that has flowed out or been shaken off from the separating device is transported by a transport device. be ejected or fall into a receiving container for removal.

A significant advantage of the separation device of the invention is that the first pressing step can still be carried out during filling of the device. The point is that before application, a certain amount of dehydration is already carried out. The reason is that the liquid can flow through the filter 25 and/or the lateral filter walls within a certain range; This pre-dehydration effect is intensified by the forward movement of the piston 9 during pressing, As a result, the pressing process can take over a mixture that has already been pre-squeezed in a certain form. This is because it becomes

The separation device according to the invention has various lengths, the cross-sectional dimensions of which are, for example, 100 cm. mX 100cm. Advantageously, the pressing pressure is 0.5 during the first pressing step. from bar to 6 bar, advantageously from 1 bar to 5 bar, especially from 2 bar to 4 pearls, and the squeezing pressure in the second squeezing step is adjusted from Final value of at least 10 bar, especially from 20 bar to 50 bar or more The height is adjusted so that it can hang. The pressure course during the first compression step is approximately A mixture that is held constant and forced along a relatively long squeeze distance With a large liquid part and a large surface freely available for filtrate discharge, the press Due to the thinness of the chamber, the pressure does not increase, but rather the partial volume narrows. However, the pressure tends to remain the same regardless of the situation. especially thin Since only a thick filter cake is formed, blockage by cake can be prevented. The efficiency of the separation process is guaranteed by the large amount of cake that has to be crimped or crimped. Ru.

As soon as the pressure increases, a second squeezing step is started; The pressure increase at so that it can reach a predetermined final value that holds and vines more rapidly than a straight line. It will be held on. For the start of the second compression step, the solids-containing mixture is The liquid no longer flows out of the chamber, and even though the pressure increases, only almost pure filtered liquid flows out. Ru. For this reason, the tank 11 is mostly flushed before the start of the second compression step. The mixture is not separated, so that the pure filtrate can be processed. It is then removed through recirculation conduit 51. This format creates a very orderly mess. The separation of the union is performed.

The number of filter plates 3 provided in the separation device is as follows: Depending on the maximum spacing selected in the starting position, for example with a length of 81rL From 160 pieces to 200 pieces. An important advantage of this press is that during the first pressing step, only a small amount of The point is that only a pressure of child This type of drive can be adjusted relatively easily.

However, high-pressure equipment used over short distances only during the second compression step is expensive. be.

For mixtures discharged from the paper industry, separation operations are carried out in one type based on press characteristics. It is also possible to carry out only the pressing step.

A guide provided for or in contact with the filter plate 3 The number of devices can be selected arbitrarily. The guide device advantageously includes filter plate 3 It is provided on the vertical side or edge of the

Advantageously extending over the entire length of the press chamber 30 and optionally having its width, In particular, one or more supply containers extending above the press chamber 22 are arranged in the casing 8 It is advantageous if it is open to the mixture inside. and one or more supply volumes. The press chambers 22 are filled so that the container 7 can fill all the press chambers 22 simultaneously and quickly. Advantageously, it extends over the entire length. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 12, A plurality of supply passages 7 extending along the trough 8 are available, the supply passages 7 can optionally be closed by a slider. Can process mixtures continuously A plurality of separation devices of the present invention may be arranged in order to achieve the same result. In that case is a mixture that is filled, squeezed, and discharged in a cyclical manner, resulting in a continuous mixture. can be processed continuously.

Pressing pressure is applied to the filter plate 3 only between the end plate 4 and the pressing plate 2. It passes through the top or filter plate and acts on the press chamber 22, and discharges the mixture. Since it is carried out almost without pressure, the casing wall is not under any load and therefore the filter is It can be used for guiding the tape plate 3, etc. The load is on the terminal plate 4 , the corresponding bearing 2 and the end plate 4 forming the corresponding bearing 5 for the press unit 6 It only acts on the longitudinal support 1, which is connected to the longitudinal support 1.

The mixture charged into the press chamber 30 contains approximately 7% to 15% dry matter. The dry substance concentration for the charged mixture may be such that the mixture is still in a fluid state. It is possible to increase this as long as it is possible to charge.

10 and 10a are illustrations of a variant of the separation device according to the invention. At that time, trough 8 is formed by a concrete tank, especially a metal concrete tank, which tank is , open downward and tiltable or pivotable or lateral A slideable filter 67 may be provided. concrete mantle To concrete trough 8, for press equipment 6 arranged on both sides in the trough A corresponding bearing part is formed, and the press device 6 is load is applied to a large number of filter plates 3.

In some cases, the central part of the filter plate 3 is stably moored in the trough 8. A solid plate 64 is provided, and a filter plate is attached to the plate 64. 3 can be pressed, thereby ensuring equal pressure distribution in the press chamber. be turned into a monster. The press volume is laterally limited by side walls 66 and The wall 66 may optionally have a filter shingle section or be The filtrate should be formed so that the filtrate flows out easily without being sealed against the sides. be able to. In some cases, the side walls 66 are filtered by hydraulic cylinders. laterally abutted against plate 3 and used for carrying out the second squeezing step or for filter cake production. Separated for removal. Also, the filter plate 3 is slid upward. It is covered or closed by a lid 68. Also formed by concrete tank In the lower area of the trough 8, a lowerable filter 25 is arranged in a lowerable tank. It is also possible to place the It is. A portion of the lower cover of the separating device is adapted to be able to be moved laterally. There is.

Figure 11 shows a movable device for removing filter cake from the press volume. are doing. This travelable device can travel on rails 69 above the press room. arranged and actuable, e.g. manually or by a motor, or by an electric drive. A large number of scraping knives 15' that can be lowered into the press volume are provided at the same time. The situation is illustrated in Figure 11a. The scraping knife 15 is moved up and down by the gear 72. movable and supporting crossbeams 73 on both sides and as seen in Figure 11b It consists of a drive part 71 and a spring rod 63 connected to each knife 15. A scraping blade is provided. within the press volume, as shown in Figure 11b. The insertable guide 74 is centered laterally in the region of the movable device 61 about a pivot point 75. The guide portion 74 is pivotably supported by its tapered end 76. , within the press volume or at its upper end, as continuously illustrated in FIG. 11b. It can be inserted inside. As soon as the guide part 74 reaches the fixed position, the guide part 74 The blade 62 of the scraping knife descends along the filter surface of the filter plate 3. Scrape off the filter cake 19.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the trough 8, which has a supply channel in its upper region. 7, the feed passage extending in the longitudinal direction of the trough 8 over a number of press volumes. and can be shut off by the slider 18.

Note that the trough can also be made from any material, e.g. plastic. I wish so much.

international search report -11-^-111w, Continuation of PCT/AT92100010 front page (81) Specified times EP (AT, BE, CH, DE.

DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LU, MC, NL, SE), GA (B F, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, SN, TD, T G), AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, CA, CH, C3, DE.

DK, ES, FI, GB, HU, JP, KP, KR, LK, LU, MG, MW, NL, No, PL, RO, RU, SD, SE, US (72) Inventor Haslauer, Etwin Austria A-8020gra Arts Anti Vake 2 (72) Inventor Haslauer, Robert Austria A-8051 Gra Tar 659

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Process for separating mixed liquid and solid media or for separating or dewatering liquid and solid mixtures, sludges, suspensions, surface drainage, domestic sludge or the like method, in which polymeric conditions may be used. The mixture to be separated, which has been conditioned or thermally conditioned, is placed in a number of preferably equally sized sub-volumes arranged side by side or one on top of the other. The partial volumes are divided into volumes, and the partial volumes are approximately equal to each other, and the load is applied from the outside on the partial volumes in the direction in which the partial volumes are arranged in parallel. By exerting a press pressure that is narrow and acts continuously through all the partial volumes, they are narrowed or reduced simultaneously and in common, with the The solids within the volume are retained as a filter cake and the liquid medium is filtered and In cases where the filtrate from the sub-volume or the filter cake formed within the sub-volume is expressed through each end face of the sub-volume or the filter cake, at least the lower peripheral surface via and place optionally via the upper and/or lateral circumferential surface, that is to say preferably through the partial volume or the field. The liquid is discharged through the entire surface of the router cake, that is, through both end surfaces and the entire outer circumferential surface. A method for separating a mixture of liquid and solid components, which is characterized by squeezing the mixture. 2. Claim characterized in that the press pressure acting during the volume reduction of the first squeezing step is kept at an approximately constant small value and is increased to the final value during the subsequent squeezing step acting during the further volume reduction. The method described in 1. 3. The pressure of the press in the first squeezing step is reduced during the volume reduction of the partial volume. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the frictional resistance inherent in the device, which acts against the piston, determines this value and causes this value to be exceeded only slightly. 4. The friction value in the mixture or filter cake is such that the squeezing of the liquid part of the mixture in the first squeezing step reduces the solid content in the squeezed out liquid during further squeezing or a further increase in the press pressure. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second squeezing step is introduced when the amount is increased to such a value that entrainment can be completely prevented. 5. Extending in the pressing direction in only one squeezing step during a correspondingly increasing pressure course. Claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the partial volume is linearly reduced or reduced by about 50% to 95%, preferably by 75% to 85%, of the extension of the partial volume. The method described in any one of the above. 6. During the squeezing step, the squeezing operation is prevented by a substantially non-sealing arrangement or at least 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is carried out from a partial volume that is open towards the direction. 7. The solids that flow out during filling or are entrained in the filtrate expressed during the first compression step are filtered or are transferred, for example, to a sheet located below the partial volume. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising retaining the partial volume in or below the partial volume by means of a filter unit such as a filter. 8. Claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the filtrate flowing out during the second squeezing step is left free to flow or the filter unit is removed. The method described in any one of the above. 9. The linear reduction or reduction of the partial volume in the first pressing step is carried out by approximately 40% to 85%, preferably 60% to 75%, of the extension of the partial volume extending in the pressing direction, and The extension of the partial volume extending in the compression direction in the step is approximately 50% to 95%, preferably 75% to 85%, of the original or starting extension. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: How to put it on. 10. The press pressure during the first squeezing step is adjusted to a value of 0.5 bar to 6 bar, advantageously 1 bar to 5 bar, in particular 2 bar to 4 bar, and the second pressure Adjusting the final value of the press pressure of the expression step, optionally of the multi-stage expression step, to at least 10 bar, in particular from 20 bar to 50 bar or more. 10. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that: 11. A pre-squeezing is carried out before the first squeezing step by applying pressure directly to the filled mixture to be expressed without changing the volume of the partial volume, the pre-squeezing being preferably carried out in the first squeezing step. The compressor is characterized in that it is carried out at a pressure lower than that of the squeezing step. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The expression of the second expression step The expression of the optional multi-stage expression step is carried out at a final dry substance concentration of at least 40%, advantageously at least 50% of the final concentration of the dry matter. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is carried out at a temperature of 100 ml. 13. Filter press or liquid for separating mixed liquid and solid media Mixture of body and solid components, sludge, suspension, Soniwa wastewater, domestic sludge, or the like A number of plates similar to the above are arranged in parallel or one above the other. Filter press for separating or dewatering a liquid part by squeezing or filtering it in a press chamber, in particular for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 12, the press chamber comprising at least 10 press chambers. , advantageously at least 20, advantageously the play They are arranged almost parallel to each other with filter coverings on their surfaces, and from which the filtrate is drawn out. is limited by a large number of filter plates, and the filter plate in the direction of the breath is In those types in which the linear extension of the filter plate is reducible by means of a press pressure, at least one drive unit for generating the press pressure being provided, the filter plate is compressed at least downwardly. In the area and in particular in its lateral and/or upper area, it is surrounded by an elongated trough (8) without sealing and is arranged so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the trough (8); The lateral outer circumferential surface of the filtrate chamber is opened outward for the outflow of the filtrate. The filtrate is also open upwardly and/or sideways, and the filtrate flows into the press chamber and flange. A trap formed as at least one filter wall surface from the filter plate (3) A device for separating a mixture of liquid and solid components, characterized in that the mixture can flow out through the wall of the pipe (8). 14. Immediately below the press chamber and the filter plate (3) there is provided a filter (25) for filtrate outflow, for example tiltable or slidable laterally, and/or a trough (8) directed upwardly. For example, a removable wall such as a slider 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the device is closable by means of a switch. 15. The bottom (11) of the trough (8) collects the outflowing mixture and/or the expressed filter. In order to capture the liquid, it is especially designed as a removable tank (11) which is tiltable and swiveling. The filter (25) can then be injected by a cleaning device (27) arranged at a distance from the bottom of the tank (11) and preferably supported by the trough (8) or the tank. 15. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: 16. The filter plate (3) has a diameter of 0.5 cm to 6 cm, preferably 0.5 cm. 16. According to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that they are arranged at a maximum distance from each other of between 5 cm and 4 cm, in particular between 1.5 cm and 3 cm. equipment. 17. The maximum mutual spacing of the filter plates (3) is determined by a coupling device attached to the filter plates (3), which coupling device connects adjacent filters. It allows the filter plates (3) to approach each other but prevents them from moving apart beyond a defined maximum distance, for example by forming pins (36) on the filter plates (3) and The pin (36) is removed by the ring (35). chain members or lobes or the like of the surrounding and adjacent filter plate (3); Any of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that it is combined with similar The device according to item 1. 18. The press chamber (22) is provided at one or the husband end of the trough and has one or two press plates adjustable by at least one drive unit. 18. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the press pressure can be applied by means of a press. 19. The trough (8) has a longitudinally extending guide (37) or is formed within the trough, on which the filter plate can be inserted. The trough (3) is slidably lifted and suspended in the longitudinal direction of the trough (8). The filter plate (3) is supported by the guide part, and the filter plate (3) is supported by the guide part. The taper plate (3) is advantageously inserted into the guide (37) by means of a projection (38). 19. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that it is supported on the interior (37). 20. At least one (reinforcing) support (1) extends on each side along the trough (8). The support (1) is connected to an end plate (4) forming one end of the trough (8) to the breath chamber (30) and is pressed into the end plate (4). The counter bearing (5) of the unit (6) is connected or supported by said end plate (4) in a selected position (39) and its press. The unit (6) has a pressure plate (2) and a corresponding support. The guide part (37) is arranged between the seat part (5) and the guide part (37) in some cases. A retainer, characterized in that it is formed on a (reinforcing) support (1) which is guided from one end plate (4) of the luff (8) to the corresponding bearing (5) of the drive unit. 20. The device according to any one of claims 13 to 19. 21. Between the corresponding bearing (5) and the pressure plate (2) there is at least one field Depending on the case, a press unit with various and/or press drives arranged one behind the other, and/or a press unit with, for example, a hydraulic press (6) and a spindle. 21. According to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the multi-stage press unit, which is a dollar-driven press device (6'), is arranged in a multi-stage cylinder press or the like. Device. 22. preferably in the upper side trough (8) and/or in at least one side, advantageously extending over the entire length of the press chamber (30) and optionally having its width; In particular, at least one supply container or supply channel (7) for the mixture, which extends above the press chamber (22), is open, into which the press chamber (22) is forcedly loaded. prepressure of the mixture fed into the press chamber (22) and/or into the press chamber (22); 22. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one piston (9) is arranged for squeezing. 23. The press chamber (22) can be closed to the supply container (7) or to one or more supply channels by at least one slide (18), which slide (18) is located above the filter plate (3). Sealed directly on the edges, side edges, or outer circumferential surface. 23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the device is connected without being connected. 24. The trough (8), in particular the side wall of the trough (8), which optionally has a filter wall section, the slider (18) and the filter (25) may cause the filter plate (3) to be Narrow and unsealed on the side. 24. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that: Place. 25. To separate the filter cake (19) attached to the filter plate (3). A device is provided for the filter, which device advantageously extends along each filter plate (3). by means of a scraper (15) slidably mounted on the filter plate (3) or by means of a pressure air emitting nozzle (21) or the like which can be inserted between the filter plates (3). The method according to any one of claims 13 to 24, characterized in that: equipment. 26. In the filter plate (3), which laterally limits the press chamber (22) and preferably supports the filter covering (13) on both sides, there are drainage channels (for the expressed liquid). 26. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that: 33) is formed. 27. The filter plate has a multi-layered structure, and there are at least a few layers on the outside of the filter plate. It also has two perforated plates (14) with one filter jacket and a plate (45) with a vertical longitudinal slit between them, with a longitudinal slit ( 40) is opened in the hole (41) of the holed plate (14). The device according to any one of claims 13 to 26, characterized in that it has a mouth. Place. 28. The filter plate (3) advantageously has longitudinal edges perpendicular to both sides of its surface. A longitudinal passage (33) is formed, the longitudinal passage (33) decreasing outwardly. 28. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that it is covered by at least one layer of filter covering. 29. 29. Any one of claims 13 to 28, characterized in that a recirculation line (51) is provided leading from the trough (8) or from the tank (11) to the supply container (7). Apparatus described in section. 30. 30. Device according to one of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that the scraping device (62) is supported by a vehicle (61) that can run longitudinally over the trough (8). . 31. The scraping device (15) is spring-loaded or driven by a spring arm (63). 31. Device according to claim 30, characterized in that it has a scraping knife (62) which is pressed against the surface of the filter plate (3). 32. The trough (8) is a cone (made of steel) that is open downwardly and upwardly as the case may be. It is formed by a cleat trough or (steel) concrete frame, and the A corresponding support (5) for at least one press device (6) placed on the concrete 32. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that it is formed by an end wall of a leet tank (8). 33. The filter plate (3) has a side wall which can be accessed or abutted in a non-sealing manner or which can be slid from the front of the underside and/or side of the press chamber (22). 33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that a surface and a lower wall surface (66, 67) are provided, which wall surface (66, 67) optionally has a filter wall section. 34. In the central area of the press chamber or filter plate (3) unit there is a pressure plate (64) which is immovably arranged on the trough (8) or on the support (1) or on the concrete tank (8). 34. Device according to any one of claims 13 to 33, characterized in that it is provided with: