JP7750151B2 - Equipment with titanium clad pipe heads - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an instrument having a pipe stub with a coating made of titanium on the inside.

Clad steel is used in various industrial plants, power generation facilities, and other applications, such as pressure vessels used as reactors. Pressure vessels that come into contact with corrosive liquids and gases use clad steel plates made by crimping a highly corrosion-resistant composite material, such as titanium, to a base material, such as carbon steel. Pressure vessels are formed by bending clad steel plates into a cylindrical shape.

Welded to pressure vessels are nozzles that serve as inlets and outlets for the inflow and outflow of liquids and gases, or nozzles for installing instrumentation that measures the temperature, pressure, density, liquid level, etc. of the fluid inside the vessel. If necessary, the inner circumferential surface of these nozzles is covered with a corrosion-resistant sleeve (lining), as shown in Patent Document 1. The sleeve that covers the inner circumferential surface of the nozzle can be made from titanium, which has good corrosion resistance. Because it is virtually impossible to weld titanium to iron, a sleeve made from titanium and a nozzle made from steel cannot be welded at both axial ends, for example. Furthermore, the inner circumferential surface of the nozzle cannot be covered with titanium build-up welding.

The sleeve in the patent document 1 is welded to a wear plate inside the vessel and to a flange sheet brazed to the flange of the nozzle. The wear plate covers the end face of the nozzle and is welded to a mating material that forms the inner wall of the vessel. All of the sleeve, wear plate, and flange sheet can be made of titanium.
In addition, to restrict the expansion and contraction of the sleeve due to the high-temperature fluid treatment cycle, a stopper that fits into a groove on the outer periphery of the sleeve is formed on the inner periphery of the nozzle. In other words, the engagement between the stopper and the groove restricts the thermal expansion of the sleeve in the axial direction, preventing damage to the flange seat.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 58-176597

The nozzle sleeve and nozzle body are manufactured separately, and the nozzle body and the sleeve inserted therein are then assembled to the vessel together with a backing plate and flange sheet.
When equipment equipped with a pressure vessel is in operation, the sleeve is subjected to an axial load due to the difference in the amount of thermal expansion in the axial direction caused by the temperature difference between the sleeve and the nozzle body. In addition, if external forces such as vibrations and impacts are applied to the sleeve from devices, piping, instrumentation, etc. connected to the nozzle inside or outside the vessel, a load perpendicular to the axis also acts on the sleeve.

Even though machining has resulted in almost no gap between the nozzle body and the sleeve, the inner periphery of the nozzle body and the outer periphery of the sleeve are not joined, so the above load causes relative displacement between the sleeve and nozzle body. It is important to avoid excessive stress being applied by such relative displacement to, for example, the joint between the vessel's cladding material and the backing plate, or the joint between the nozzle flange and flange sheet.

In light of the above, the present invention aims to provide equipment equipped with a nozzle that is provided with a corrosion-resistant coating, and that can prevent excessive stress from being applied to the joints of components, such as by welding.

The present invention relates to a device comprising a nozzle mounted at the location of a hole in a wall, and the wall. The nozzle comprises a nozzle body and a nozzle covering made of titanium that covers the inner periphery of the nozzle body. The nozzle body and nozzle covering are both formed in a pipe shape and crimped together to form a clad tube.

In the device of the present invention, it is preferable that the nozzle body and nozzle covering portion are explosively bonded to form a clad tube.

In the device of the present invention, the nozzle body preferably has a flange on the outside of the wall, and the nozzle covering portion is welded to a sealing member made of titanium and placed on the flange.

In the equipment of the present invention, the nozzle stub is preferably made of titanium, covers the end face of the nozzle stub body on the inside of the wall, and is welded to the outer periphery or end face of the nozzle stub covering portion, and is also equipped with a backing plate welded to the wall covering portion that covers the inside of the wall.

According to the present invention, the inner periphery of the nozzle base main body and the outer periphery of the nozzle base covering are joined together by crimping, so displacement of the nozzle base covering is restrained by the nozzle base main body. As a result, excessive stress is not applied from the nozzle base covering to the joints of the components due to thermal expansion differences resulting from temperature differences between the nozzle base covering and the nozzle base main body. Furthermore, since all loads due to external forces such as vibration of components connected to the nozzle base covering are borne by the nozzle base main body and the wall, excessive stress is not applied from the nozzle base covering to the joints of the components due to these loads.

In other words, by joining the nozzle stub cover and nozzle body together by crimping, excessive stress can be prevented from being applied to the joint due to welding, etc., and the joint can be maintained in good condition for a longer period of time.

In addition, because the nozzle stub cover and nozzle stub body are joined together by crimping, there is no need to engage the nozzle stub body and nozzle stub cover using protrusions and grooves as in conventional technology, making it possible to provide a nozzle stub with a simple structure without protrusions or grooves.

This invention uses a clad tube in which the nozzle body and the nozzle covering portion, made of titanium, are both crimped together in a pipe state. This makes it possible to provide titanium clad nozzles of any diameter, unlike when flat clad steel plate is bent into a pipe shape.

1 is an external side view of a pressure vessel equipped with a titanium clad nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a nozzle that can be applied to each nozzle shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a titanium-lined nozzle according to a comparative example. FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a titanium clad nozzle according to a second modified example of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a titanium clad nozzle according to a third modified example of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of a titanium clad nozzle according to a fourth modified example of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[Explanation of pressure vessel]
The pressure vessel 1 shown in Figure 1 is a reactor for reacting liquids, gases, etc., and constitutes a plant or other facility together with other vessels, devices, valves, pumps, etc. (not shown). The pressure vessel 1 comprises a wall 10 forming an outer shell enclosing a space 11 (Figure 2), and a plurality of nozzles 2 (nozzles) attached to the wall 10. Note that the number and positions of the nozzles 2 shown in Figure 1 are merely examples. The pressure vessel 1 may comprise other nozzles in addition to the nozzles 2 shown in Figure 1.

The wall 10 includes a cylindrical body 12, an upper head plate 13, and a lower head plate 14, both of which are assembled to the body 12, and has pressure resistance capable of withstanding a specified pressure. The nozzle 2 is provided on either the body 12, the upper head plate 13, or the lower head plate 14.
The wall 10 is made of a clad steel plate in which a wall covering 101, which serves as a corrosion-resistant cladding material, is pressure-bonded to a base material of a wall body 100. The wall body 100 is made of, for example, any of carbon steel, low-alloy steel, and stainless steel.

The wall covering portion 101 is formed, for example, from titanium. In this specification, "titanium" means pure titanium or a titanium alloy.

The clad steel plate used for the wall 10 can be obtained by rolling or explosive welding from a titanium plate corresponding to the wall covering portion 101 and a steel plate corresponding to the wall body 100. The clad steel plate is formed by bending and the seams of the steel plates are welded to produce the shell 12, upper head plate 13, and lower head plate 14. The pressure vessel 1 is manufactured by assembling the shell 12, upper head plate 13, lower head plate 14, and nozzle stub 2, etc.

[Basic explanation of pipe stand]
The nozzle stub 2 communicates with a space 11 inside the wall 10 through a hole 10H formed in the wall 10. Of the nozzle stubs 2, the nozzle stub 2-1 is connected to a pipe 31 outside the pressure vessel 1 and is used as an inlet for allowing a fluid such as a liquid or gas to flow into the pressure vessel 1 through the pipe 31, or as an outlet for allowing a fluid to flow out from the pressure vessel 1 through the pipe 31. The nozzle stub 2-1 is connected to members such as an internal part 32 or a pipe 33 in the space 11 inside the pressure vessel 1 as necessary.

Of the nozzle stubs 2, nozzle stub 2-2 is used to install instrumentation 34 that measures the temperature, pressure, density, liquid level, etc. of the fluid inside the pressure vessel 1. Similar instrumentation can also be installed inside the pipes 31 and 33 connected to nozzle stub 2-1, which correspond to the fluid inlet and outlet.

The structure of the nozzle 2 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows the structure of the nozzle 2-1 provided on the shell 12, representing the multiple nozzles 2 provided in the pressure vessel 1.
A corrosive liquid or gas exists in the space 11 within the pressure vessel 1. A non-corrosive fluid or a corrosive fluid flows inside the nozzle 2-1.
The nozzle stub 2 shown in Figure 2 corresponds to a titanium-clad nozzle stub that includes a coating portion 22 made of corrosion-resistant titanium. For corrosion resistance against the corrosive fluid in the pressure vessel 1 or the corrosive fluid flowing through the internal flow path of the nozzle stub 2, or for the purpose of welding to the internal component 32 or the piping 31, 33 when the internal component 32 or the piping 31, 33 are made of titanium, the nozzle stub 2 can be provided with a coating portion 22 made of titanium. The internal component 32 in this embodiment is, for example, a heating coil, and is made of titanium to provide corrosion resistance to the outer surface of the heating coil that comes into contact with the corrosive fluid in the pressure vessel 1.

The nozzle stub 2 comprises a nozzle stub body 21 placed in a circular hole 10H penetrating the wall 10, a covering 22 that covers the entire inner periphery 21B of the nozzle stub body 21 to protect the nozzle stub body 21 from corrosion, a sealing member 23 that is placed on the flange 21F of the nozzle stub body 21 on the outside of the wall 10, and a contact plate 24 that covers the end face 21E of the nozzle stub body 21 on the inside of the wall 10.

In addition to the covering portion 22, the backing plate 24 that comes into contact with the corrosive fluid and the sealing member 23 that is welded to the covering portion 22 can also be made of titanium.
The pipe 31 connected to the flange 21F can be made of titanium pipe if it will come into contact with a corrosive fluid, or carbon steel pipe if it will come into contact with a non-corrosive fluid. The pipe 33 connected to the inner end 222 of the covering portion 22 inside the wall 10 in a corrosive atmosphere can be made of titanium pipe.

The hole 10H shown in Figure 2 penetrates the wall 10 in the thickness direction of the wall 10, and the axis L of the pipe stub body 21 placed in the hole 10H extends in the diameter direction of the wall 10, but this is not limited to this. The hole 10H may also penetrate the wall 10 in a direction inclined relative to the diameter direction of the wall 10 when viewed from the side or in a plan view.

[Explanation of clad tube]
The nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 are both formed in a pipe shape and are crimped together to form a clad pipe 20 .
The nozzle body 21 corresponds to the base material of the clad tube 20, and the covering portion 22 corresponds to the clad tube 20. The nozzle body 21 can be formed using, for example, any of carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and the like.

The covering portion 22 can be formed using, for example, any of the materials listed in JIS H 4600:2012. If pressure resistance is not required, Class 1 of JIS H 4600:2012 can be used. If pressure resistance is required and Class 1 results in a thick plate, Class 2 can be used if a thinner plate is desired. If greater corrosion resistance than pure titanium is required, a corrosion-resistant titanium alloy with added elements such as Pd or Ta can be used.

The cladding tube 20 has an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the hole 10H and a predetermined length that protrudes outward from the wall 10. The outer periphery 21A of the nozzle body 21 is welded around the hole 10H in the wall 10 at positions corresponding to the outer surface 10A and inner surface 10B of the wall 10, respectively. Welding on both the outer surface 10A and inner surface 10B contributes to ensuring the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel 1.

Both the welded portion 21C on the outer surface 10A side and the welded portion 21D on the inner surface 10B side are formed along the entire inner periphery of the hole 10H. Since the wall 10 and the nozzle body 21 are welded on the inner surface 10B side, the wall covering portion 101 is not formed in the area around the hole 10H in the wall body 100.
In order to increase the joining strength by welding, it is preferable to form a groove 10C of an appropriate shape on the inner periphery of the hole 10H. It is also preferable to form grooves in other welded parts, if possible.

Even if a component made of titanium is welded to a component made of a material primarily containing iron, a brittle intermetallic compound of titanium and iron is formed at the weld, making it virtually impossible to weld these components together. In other words, the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 cannot be welded at both axial ends, for example. However, they are joined together by crimping.

Before crimping, the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 correspond to pipes that have been fabricated separately, for example, by drawing, cutting, plate bending welding (bending a plate into a tubular shape and welding the joint), or casting. The fabrication method is selected depending on the wall thickness of the nozzle 2, etc. It is preferable to use explosive crimping as a method for crimping the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 together.

The outer diameter of the pipe (inner pipe) corresponding to the cladding portion 22 before explosive bonding is set small enough to leave a gap relative to the inner diameter of the pipe (outer pipe) corresponding to the nozzle base body 21 before explosive bonding. The inner pipe is placed concentrically inside the outer pipe, and when the explosive placed inside the inner pipe is detonated, the explosion generates enormous physical energy radially outward from the axis of the inner pipe, instantly expanding the diameter of the inner pipe and causing the inner pipe to collide with the outer pipe. The collision of the inner pipe with the outer pipe results in a cladding tube 20 in which the inner periphery 21B of the outer pipe and the outer periphery 22A of the inner pipe are crimped together with strong bonding strength.

As described above, clad pipe 20, which is formed by crimping nozzle body 21 and covering portion 22 together while they are already formed into a pipe shape before crimping, is manufactured using a different method than clad pipe, which is obtained by bending a flat clad steel plate into a pipe shape and welding the seams. Furthermore, the clad pipe has a different structure, as both the inner pipe and the outer pipe can be made seamless. When nozzle body 21 and covering portion 22 are manufactured by plate bending welding, there are seams when viewing nozzle body 21 and covering portion 22 individually, but there are no seams that run across the plate thickness. In that sense, the two form a seamless clad pipe 20.

The diameter of the shell 12 of the pressure vessel 1 is sufficiently large compared to the diameter of the nozzle stub 2. The shell 12 can be fabricated by bending clad steel plate. However, it is difficult to fabricate the nozzle stub 2 by bending clad steel plate. Fabricating the nozzle stub 2 by bending clad steel plate requires at least one axial weld as a joint on each of the nozzle stub body 21 and the covering portion 22. Here, welding of the covering portion 22, whose outer surface is already crimped to the nozzle stub body 21, must be performed from the inner surface. The smaller the diameter, the more difficult it is to weld the inner surface of the covering portion 22, as it is difficult to reach with hands or jigs. For example, while welding is possible when the diameter is 500 mm or more, welding the inner surface is extremely difficult when the diameter is 200 mm or less, making it virtually impossible to fabricate the nozzle stub 2 by bending clad steel plate.

[Explanation of components of the pipe stand]
Continuing with reference to FIG. 2, an example of the detailed configuration and arrangement of each of the nozzle body 21, the covering portion 22, the sealing member 23, and the contact plate 24 will be described.
The nozzle body 21 corresponds to a straight pipe with a circular cross section having a flange 21F at one end in the direction of the axis L. The flange 21F may be welded to the nozzle body 21. The flange 21F of the nozzle body 21 is fastened to a flange 31F of the piping 31 with bolts 31B.
The flange 21F is formed with an annular recess 211 in which the sealing member 23 is disposed. The diameter of the inner peripheral portion 21B of the nozzle main body 21 is constant, and no protrusions or grooves are formed on the inner peripheral portion 21B.
When the nozzle 2 is a nozzle 2-2 for installing an instrumentation 34, the instrumentation 34 is installed on the flange 21F.

The covering portion 22 extends in the direction of the axis L from the position of the flange 21F beyond the end face 21E of the nozzle body 21 to the inside of the wall 10. The amount by which the inner end 222 of the covering portion 22 actually protrudes from the nozzle body 21 into the inside of the wall 10 is small.
The internal part 32 is joined, for example by welding, to the inner end 222 of the covering part 22 located inside the wall 10 .

The sealing member 23 is formed in an annular shape and is arranged to cover the flange 21F. This is not necessary if the internal fluid flowing inside the nozzle 2 is a non-corrosive fluid. A gasket arranged between the sealing member 23 and the flange 31F seals the gap between the flanges 21F, 31F. The inner diameter of the sealing member 23 is equal to the inner diameter of the covering portion 22. On the outer end 221 side of the covering portion 22, the sealing member 23 and the covering portion 22 are welded around the entire circumference to form a welded portion 23A. The radially outer end of the sealing member 23 may also be brazed to the flange 21F.

The contact plate 24 is formed in an annular shape and covers the end surface 21E of the nozzle body 21 facing the space 11 containing the corrosive atmosphere. The covering portion 22 protruding inward from the wall 10 passes through an opening 240 on the inside of the contact plate 24. The contact plate 24 is disposed on the wall covering portion 101 in an orientation perpendicular to the axis L in a side view. The contact plate 24 may be formed to be curved in accordance with the radius of curvature of the wall covering portion 101.
The end surface 21E of the nozzle body 21 does not need to be disposed flush with the inner surface 10B of the wall 10. The end surface 21E may be located inside the inner surface 10B.

The inner periphery of the opening 240 and the outer periphery 22A of the covering portion 22 are welded around the entire circumference to form a welded portion 24A. Also, the radially outer end portion 241 of the contact plate 24 and the wall covering portion 101 are welded around the entire circumference to form a welded portion 24B.
As will be described later with reference to FIG. 4, the contact plate 24 does not necessarily have to be welded to the outer periphery 22A of the covering portion 22.

[Manufacturing method of pipe head]
An example of a procedure for manufacturing the nozzle 2 will be briefly described below. First, the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22, both of which are formed into a pipe shape, are explosively pressure-bonded to obtain the clad tube 20 (first step). A sealing member 23 is placed on the flange 21F of the clad tube 20, and the sealing member 23 is welded to the covering portion 22 (second step).
Next, the clad tube 20 is inserted into the hole 10H in the wall 10, and the nozzle body 21 is welded to both the outer surface 10A and the inner surface 10B of the wall 10 (third step).
Furthermore, the contact plate 24 is welded to the covering portion 22 and the wall covering portion 101 (fourth step).

[Explanation of Comparative Example]
3 includes a nozzle stub body 41 and a covering sleeve 42 that is separate from the nozzle stub body 41. The nozzle stub body 41 is made of steel, similar to the nozzle stub body 21 of the present embodiment, and the covering sleeve 42 is made of titanium, similar to the covering portion 22 of the present embodiment.

Similar to the present embodiment, the nozzle body 41 and the covering sleeve 42 are assembled together with the sealing member 23, the contact plate 24, and the wall 10. Unlike the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 that form the clad tube 20 of the present embodiment, the nozzle body 41 and the covering sleeve 42 of the comparative example are not joined to each other.
Therefore, no matter how small the gap G is between the inner peripheral portion 41B of the nozzle body 41 and the outer peripheral portion 42A of the covering sleeve 42, or even if the inner peripheral portion 41B and the outer peripheral portion 42A are engaged by shrink fitting, cold fitting, screws, etc., the covering sleeve 42 and the nozzle body 41 will be displaced relative to each other due to thermal expansion, vibration, etc.

For example, assume that a high-temperature fluid flows into the pressure vessel 1 through the nozzle 2-Z at the start of a processing cycle of a process including the pressure vessel 1. As described above, since the covering sleeve 42 and the nozzle body 41 are not joined, displacement of the covering sleeve 42 relative to the nozzle body 41 is permitted.
Therefore, the covering sleeve 42, whose temperature rises suddenly due to direct contact with the high-temperature fluid, expands in the direction of arrow A1 relative to the nozzle body 41 due to thermal expansion in the direction of the axis L. Although the linear expansion coefficient of titanium is slightly smaller than that of iron, the rapid temperature change in the covering sleeve 42 creates a large temperature difference between the covering sleeve 42 and the nozzle body 41, causing the covering sleeve 42 to expand relative to the nozzle body 41.

Due to the thermal expansion of the covering sleeve 42 in the direction A1, an axial load F1 acts on the backing plate 24 joined to the covering sleeve 42, generating shear force at the welds 24A and 24B and compressive stress at the weld 23A. Furthermore, when cryogenic fluid flows into the pressure vessel 1 through the nozzle stub 2-Z, the covering sleeve 42 contracts relative to the nozzle stub body 41 in the direction of arrow A2, generating shear force at the welds 24A and 24B and tensile stress at the weld 23A.

Furthermore, loads due to vibrations or impacts of the internal components 32 connected to the nozzle stub 2 or thermal expansion of the internal components 32 may be applied to the covering sleeve 42. Alternatively, loads due to vibrations, impacts, or thermal expansion of the piping 31, 33 or instrumentation 34 may be applied to the covering sleeve 42. Such loads may act in the direction of the axis L, as with the axial load F1, or in a direction perpendicular to the axis L, as with the transverse load F2 shown in Figure 3. The transverse load F2 displaces the covering sleeve 42 relative to the nozzle stub body 41, and the transverse load F2 acts on the welds 24A, 24B of the backing plate 24 and the weld 23A of the sealing member 23, which are joined to the covering sleeve 42.

[Action of the nozzle of this embodiment]
3 , in the nozzle 2 of this embodiment including the clad tube 20, the inner peripheral portion 21B of the nozzle body 21 and the outer peripheral portion 22A of the covering portion 22 are joined by crimping, so that axial displacement of the covering portion 22 is restrained by the nozzle body 21. Therefore, excessive stress is not applied to the welded portions 24A, 24B of the backing plate 24 or the welded portion 23A of the sealing member 23 due to axial displacement of the covering portion 22.
Here, even if we take into consideration the stress generated by thermal expansion in the axial direction of the portion where the covering portion 22 is exposed from the nozzle body 21, the stress is sufficiently small compared to the axial thermal expansion in the comparative example, and therefore excessive stress does not act on the welded portions 24A, 24B of the support plate 24 on the side where the covering portion 22 is exposed.
On the other hand, with regard to loads in the axis-perpendicular direction, since the relative displacement between the covering portion 22 and the nozzle body 21 is restricted by crimping, the axis-perpendicular load F2 due to external forces such as vibration is received entirely by the nozzle body 21 and the wall 10, and therefore the axis-perpendicular load F2 is not applied to members joined to the covering portion 22, such as the backing plate 24 and the sealing member 23. Furthermore, even if the axis-perpendicular load F2 due to thermal expansion of the covering portion 22 in the radial direction is taken into consideration, the stress is sufficiently small compared to external forces such as vibration, and therefore an excessive axis-perpendicular load F2 is not applied to members joined to the covering portion 22, such as the backing plate 24 and the sealing member 23.

As explained above, since the covering portion 22 and the nozzle body 21 are joined together by crimping, it is possible to prevent excessive stress from being applied to the welded portions 24A, 24B of the contact plate 24 joined to the covering portion 22 and the welded portion 23A of the sealing member 23 joined to the covering portion 22, as described above.
The nozzle 2 of this embodiment uses a clad tube 20 in which a covering portion 22 and a nozzle body 21 are joined together by crimping. Because the covering portion 22 and the nozzle body 21 are both crimped together in a pipe state, it is possible to provide a titanium clad nozzle 2 without having to choose a diameter, unlike when a clad steel plate is bent into a pipe shape. Furthermore, if at least the nozzle body 21 of the nozzle body 21 and the covering portion 22 is seamless before crimping, this contributes to ensuring the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel 1.

The backing plate 24 and sealing member 23, like the covering portion 22, are made of titanium, and welding titanium is more difficult than welding steel. According to this embodiment, the welds 23A, 24A, and 24B can be maintained in good condition for a longer period of time, reducing the frequency of repairs to the welds 23A, 24A, and 24B during inspection and maintenance of the pressure vessel 1. This improves the plant's operating rate and enables stable operation while maintaining the airtightness of the pressure vessel 1.

Furthermore, because the covering portion 22 and the nozzle base body 21 are joined together by crimping, there is no need to engage the nozzle base body 21 and the covering portion 22 using protrusions and grooves, as in conventional technology. According to this embodiment, a nozzle base 2 with a simple structure without protrusions or grooves can be provided.

When multiple nozzles 2 are installed in a pressure vessel 1, the thermal expansion difference between the covering portion 22 and the nozzle body 21, as well as the stress acting on the joints between the components, will vary depending on the installation position of the nozzles 2, temperature conditions, and loads applied from the piping 31, 33, etc. Therefore, in areas of the pressure vessel 1 where the thermal expansion difference and stress are relatively small, nozzles equipped with titanium sleeves, as in conventional structures, can be installed. In other words, the same pressure vessel 1 may be equipped with both a titanium-clad nozzle 2 and a titanium-sleeve nozzle 2.

[Modification]
The structures of the nozzles according to the various modifications of the present invention will be described below.
Unlike the above embodiment, the contact plate 24-1 of the nozzle stub 2-X1 shown in Fig. 4 is not welded to the outer periphery 22A of the covering portion 22. As shown in Fig. 4, the inner periphery of the opening 240 of the contact plate 24-1 may be welded to the end face 22E of the covering portion 22.

Corrosive liquids and gases flow through the nozzle stub 2-X2 shown in Figure 5, the pipe 31 connected to the flange 21F, and the pipe 33 connected to the inner end 222 of the covering portion 22. However, no corrosive liquids or gases exist in the space 11 in the wall 10. Therefore, the nozzle stub 2-X2 does not have a contact plate 24, 24-1 that covers the end surface 21E of the nozzle stub main body 21. Furthermore, the wall 10 does not have a wall covering portion 101 that covers the wall main body 100.

According to the nozzle stub 2-X2, as in the above embodiment, the nozzle stub main body 21 and the covering portion 22 are joined together by crimping, so that axial displacement of the covering portion 22 is restrained by the nozzle stub main body 21. Therefore, excessive stress is not applied to the welded portion 23A of the sealing member 23 due to axial displacement of the covering portion 22. In addition, the transverse load F2 acting on the covering portion 22 due to external forces such as vibration, impact, and thermal expansion of the piping 33 or piping 31 is entirely borne by the nozzle stub main body 21 and the wall 10, so that excessive stress is not applied to the welded portion 23A of the sealing member 23 due to the transverse load F2.
In addition, the nozzle stub 2-X2 can provide the same effects as those of the above embodiment.

As shown in Figure 6, the nozzle stub body 21-1 may be welded to the wall 10 by abutting it against the outer surface 10A of the wall 10. The tip 213 of the nozzle stub body 21-1 and the wall 10 are welded to the wall 10 by groove welding to form a weld 21C. The inner diameter of the hole 10H-1 in the wall 10 corresponds to the outer diameter of the covering portion 22.

Figure 7 shows the structure of the nozzle stub 2-X4, inside which a non-corrosive fluid flows. Because a corrosive fluid is present inside the wall 10, the nozzle stub body 21 is provided with a backing plate 24 that covers the end face 21E. The covering portion 22 covers the base-end region of the inner periphery 21B, extending from the flange 21F side of the nozzle stub body 21 to the base end side (end face 21E side), and extends beyond the end face 21E toward the inside of the wall 10. The area of the inner periphery 21B not covered by the covering portion 22 is exposed to the internal flow path of the nozzle stub 2-X4. To reduce fluid resistance, it is preferable that the covering portion 22, located at the step 21G of the inner periphery 21B, and the inner periphery 21B be flush with each other. The nozzle stub structure of this example does not include a sealing member 23 welded to the covering portion 22 on the outer end 221 side of the covering portion 22.

In addition to the above, the configurations given in the above embodiments can be selected or changed as appropriate to other configurations without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The nozzle of the present invention does not necessarily have to be provided on the wall 10 of the pressure vessel 1, but can also be provided on the wall of a vessel that does not require pressure resistance or on the wall of an apparatus housing.

1. Pressure vessels (equipment)
2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-X1, 2-X2, 2-X3, 2-X4 Titanium clad pipe stub 2-Z Pipe stub 10 of comparative example Wall 10A Outer surface 10B Inner surface 10C Groove 10H Hole 11 Space 12 Body 13 Upper head plate 14 Lower head plate 20 Clad pipe 21, 21-1 Pipe stub main body 21A Outer periphery 21B Inner periphery 21C, 21D Welded portion 21E End surface 21F Flange 21G Step 22 Coated portion (pipe stub coated portion)
22A Outer periphery 22E End face 23 Sealing member 23A Welded portion 24, 24-1 Contact plate 24A, 24B Welded portion 31 Pipe 31B Bolt 31F Flange 32 Internal part 33 Pipe 34 Instrumentation part 41 Pipe base main body 41B Inner periphery 42 Covering sleeve 42A Outer periphery 100 Wall main body 101 Wall covering portion 211 Recess 213 Tip 221 Outer end 222 Inner end 240 Opening 241 End F1 Axial load F2 Axial transverse load G Gap L Axis

Claims (3)

A device used in a pressure vessel forming a reactor , comprising a nozzle provided at a position of a hole in the wall and the wall,
The nozzle is
A nozzle body,
A nozzle cover part is formed from type 2 titanium as described in JIS H 4600:2012 and covers the inner periphery of the nozzle body,
The nozzle body and the nozzle covering portion are both formed in a pipe shape and explosively pressure-bonded to form a clad tube.
The nozzle body includes a flange on the outside of the wall,
The nozzle covering portion is welded to a sealing member that is made of type 2 titanium as specified in JIS H 4600:2012 and is disposed on the flange.
10. The device of claim 1 .
A backing plate is provided which is made of type 2 titanium as specified in JIS H 4600:2012 , covers the end face of the nozzle body on the inside of the wall, is welded to the outer periphery or end face of the nozzle cover part, and is welded to the wall cover part which covers the inside of the wall.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2 .