JP7529265B2 - CD8abおよびクラス1制限T細胞受容体の強制発現による細胞傷害性CD8細胞へのCD4 T細胞の再プログラミング - Google Patents
CD8abおよびクラス1制限T細胞受容体の強制発現による細胞傷害性CD8細胞へのCD4 T細胞の再プログラミング Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第62/659,971号(2019年4月19日出願;これはその全体が参照によって本明細書中に組み込まれる)の優先権を主張する。
本開示の様々な実施形態が少なくとも、免疫学、細胞生物学、生物学、分子生物学、細胞療法、およびガン医学を少なくとも含む医学の分野に関する。
本開示の方法には、養子移入のためのヘルパー機能と細胞傷害性との両方をCD8αβ鎖の遺伝子組換え発現のときに有するCD4+T細胞を作製することが含まれる。具体的な場合において、標的化されたpMHCクラスI複合体を認識し、これと結合する能力を含むCD4+T細胞を作製するという目的のためにCD8αβ鎖の表面発現を有するCD4+T細胞を作製する方法がある。
具体的な実施形態において、様々な方法および組成物が、CD8+T細胞における外因性のCD8αβ共受容体を、当該細胞の有効性を増大させるために利用することに関する。具体的な場合において、CD8+T細胞は外因性の操作された抗原受容体(例えば、HLAクラスI制限TCRなど)を発現し、当該細胞におけるCD8αβ共受容体の共発現により、細胞の機能的アビディティーが改善される。他の場合において、CD8+T細胞は、内因性TCRの活性を増強する外因性のCD8αβ共受容体を発現するように改変される。
本開示の実施形態は、T細胞を個体のために使用する養子移入に関する改善を包含する。CD8+T細胞を養子移入のために細胞傷害性T細胞として利用する既知の方法は今や、非生来的な細胞傷害活性を有するCD4+T細胞の利用もまた可能にすることによって改善されてきている。本開示の実施形態は、CD4+またはCD8+である低アビディティーのTCR遺伝子組換えT細胞、またはその機能的ハイブリッドを含めて、TCR遺伝子組換えT細胞を用いる免疫療法のためにCD8共受容体機能を利用することを包含する。
いくつかの実施形態において、操作された抗原受容体には、組換えTCR、および/または天然に存在するT細胞からクローニングされるTCRが含まれる。「T細胞受容体」または「TCR」は、可変a鎖および可変β鎖(これらはTCRαおよびTCRβとしてもまたそれぞれ知られている)、または可変γ鎖および可変δ鎖(これらはTCRγおよびTCRδとしてもまたそれぞれ知られている)を含有し、かつ、MHC受容体に結合している抗原ペプチドに特異的に結合することができる分子を示す。いくつかの実施形態において、TCRはαβ形態である。
いくつかの実施形態において、操作された抗原受容体には、活性化CARもしくは刺激性CAR、共刺激性CAR(国際公開第2014/055668号を参照のこと)、および/または阻害性CARを含めて様々なCARが含まれる。CARは一般には、いくつかの局面ではリンカー(1つまたは複数)および/または膜貫通ドメイン(1つまたは複数)を介して1つまたは複数の細胞内シグナル伝達成分に連結される細胞外の抗原(またはリガンド)結合ドメインを含む。そのような分子は典型的には、生来的な抗原受容体を介するシグナル、共刺激性受容体との組合わせでそのような受容体を介するシグナル、および/または共刺激性受容体だけを介するシグナルを模倣するか、または近似する。CARは、第1世代、第2世代、または第3もしくはそれ以降の世代である場合がある。
遺伝子操作された抗原受容体によって標的とされる抗原の中には、養子細胞療法によって標的とされることになる疾患、状態または細胞タイプとの関連で発現する抗原がある。このような疾患および状態の中には、固形腫瘍、血液学的ガン、免疫系のガン(例えば、リンパ腫、白血病および/または骨髄腫など、例えば、B、Tおよび骨髄性の白血病、リンパ腫、ならびに多発性骨髄腫など)を含めて様々なガンおよび腫瘍を含めた、増殖性、新生物性および悪性の疾患および障害、同様にまた、自己免疫状態または同種免疫状態がある。いくつかの実施形態において、抗原は、正常な、または標的とならない細胞または組織と比較した場合、疾患または状態の細胞において、例えば、腫瘍細胞または病原性細胞において選択的に発現し、または過剰発現する。他の実施形態において、抗原は正常な細胞において発現し、かつ/または操作された細胞において発現する。いくつかの場合において、抗原は免疫関連障害に関連する。疾患が病原性疾患である場合、抗原は、ウイルス、真菌、原生動物または細菌などの病原体の腫れ(tumor)であろう。
具体的な実施形態において、本開示のCD4+細胞およびCD8+細胞は外因性のCD8αβ共受容体を発現する。CD8αβ共受容体は具体的な実施形態においては哺乳動物供給源に由来しており、ヒト、ラットおよびマウスなどに由来する場合がある。
CD4+細胞およびCD8+細胞は1つまたは複数の個体からのサンプルから選択され得る。サンプルは、処置を受けている個体から得られる場合があり、したがって、処置を受けている個体に関して自家である。他の場合において、サンプルは、細胞による処置を受けている個体とは異なる個体から得られ、したがって、処置を受けている個体に関して同種である。CD4+細胞およびCD8+細胞は、治療を必要としている個体を含めて、対象から、特にヒト対象から単離される免疫細胞から選択される場合がある。免疫細胞を、血液、臍帯血、脾臓、胸腺、リンパ節および骨髄(これらに限定されない)を含めて、対象において存在するどのような場所からであっても採取することができる。単離された免疫細胞はそのまま使用される場合があり、または、例えば、凍結することなどによって、一定の期間にわたって貯蔵することができる。
当業者は、本開示の遺伝子組換え分子の発現のために、ベクターを標準的な組換え技術(例えば、Sambrook他(2001)およびAusubel他(1996)、これらは両方が参照によって本明細書中に組み込まれる)により構築する能力が十分に備わっているであろう。遺伝子組換え分子は、ウイルスベクターまたは非ウイルスベクターを含めて、ベクターにおいて、またはベクターに基づいてレシピエント細胞に提供され得る。ウイルスベクターの例には、アデノウイルス、アデノ関連ウイルス、レンチウイルスまたはレトロウイルスが含まれる。非ウイルスベクターの例には、プラスミド、リポソームおよびナノ粒子などが含まれる。具体的な実施形態において、ベクターはレトロウイルス由来である。
広範囲の様々な化学療法剤が本実施形態に従って使用される場合がある。用語「化学療法」は、ガンを処置するために薬物を使用することを示す。「化学療法剤」は、ガンの処置において投与される化合物または組成物を暗示するために使用される。これらの薬剤または薬物は、細胞内におけるそれらの活性様式によって、例えば、それらが細胞周期に影響を与えるかどうか、およびどの段階で影響を与えるかによって分類される。代替において、薬剤は、DNAを直接に架橋し得るか、DNA内に挿入し得るか、または核酸合成に影響を与えることによって染色体異常および有糸分裂異常を誘発し得るかに基づいて特徴づけられる場合がある。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広範囲に使用されている他の要素には、γ線、X線として一般に知られているもの、および/または放射性同位体の腫瘍細胞への誘導送達が含まれる。他の形態のDNA損傷要素もまた意図される:例えば、マイクロ波、陽子線照射(米国特許第5,760,395号および同第4,870,287号)、およびUV照射など。これらの要素のすべてが、DNAに対する、DNAの前駆体に対する、DNAの複製および修復に対する、また、染色体の組み立ておよび維持に対する広範囲の様々な損傷に影響する可能性が最も高い。X線についての適用量範囲が、長期間(3週間~4週間)のための50レントゲン~200レントゲンの1日線量から、2000レントゲン~6000レントゲンの単回線量にまで及ぶ。放射性同位体についての適用量範囲は広範囲にわたって変化し、放射性同位体の半減期、放射される放射線の強度およびタイプ、ならびに新生物細胞による取り込みに依存する。
当業者は、さらなる免疫療法が本実施形態の方法との組合わせまたは併用で使用され得ることを理解するであろう。ガン処置との関連において、免疫療法は一般には、ガン細胞を標的とし、破壊するための免疫エフェクター細胞および免疫エフェクター分子の使用に依拠する。リツキシマブ(RITUXAN(登録商標))がそのような一例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面における何らかのマーカーについて特異的な抗体である場合がある。抗体は単独で、治療のエフェクターとして役立つ場合がある。あるいは、抗体は、実際に細胞殺傷に影響するために他の細胞を動員する場合がある。抗体はまた、薬物または毒素(化学療法剤、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)にコンジュゲート化され、標的化剤として役立つ場合がある。代替において、エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接的または間接的のどちらでも相互作用する表面分子を保持するリンパ球である場合がある。様々なエフェクター細胞には、細胞傷害性T細胞およびNK細胞が含まれる。
ガンを有する人のおよそ約60%が、予防的、診断的または病期分類、治療的および緩和的な手術を含めて、何らかのタイプの手術を受けることになっている。治療的手術は、ガン性組織のすべてまたは一部が物理的に除かれ、切除され、かつ/または破壊される摘出を含み、他の治療法との併用で、例えば、本実施形態の処置、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法および/または代替療法などとの併用で使用される場合がある。腫瘍摘出は、腫瘍の少なくとも一部を物理的に除くことを示す。腫瘍摘出に加えて、手術による処置には、レーザー手術、凍結手術、電気手術および顕微鏡下手術(モース術)が含まれる。
他の薬剤が、処置の治療効力を改善するために本実施形態のある特定の局面との組合わせで使用され得ることが意図される。これらのさらなる薬剤には、細胞表面受容体のアップレギュレーションおよびGAP結合に影響を与える薬剤、細胞増殖抑制剤および分化剤、細胞接着の阻害剤、アポトーシス誘導剤に対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増大させる薬剤、または他の生物学的薬剤が含まれる。GAP結合の数を増加させることによる細胞間シグナル伝達における増大は、隣接する過剰増殖性細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖効果を増大させるであろう。他の実施形態において、細胞増殖抑制剤または分化剤を、処置の抗過剰増殖効力を改善するために本実施形態のある特定の局面との組合わせで使用することができる。細胞接着の阻害剤が、本実施形態の効力を改善するために意図される。細胞接着阻害剤の例には、フォーカルアドヒージョンキナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤およびロバスタチンがある。アポトーシスに対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増大させる他の薬剤(例えば、抗体c225など)が、処置効力を改善するために本実施形態のある特定の局面との組合わせで使用され得るであろうことがさらに意図される。
低アビディティーTCR遺伝子組換えT細胞による免疫療法のためのCD8共受容体機能の利用
遺伝子組換えされたTCRおよびCD8αβの同時形質導入により、CD8+およびCD4+の両方のT細胞の表現型が改変される。自己TCRレパートリーから単離されたとき、過剰発現した腫瘍関連自己抗原を標的とするほとんどのTCRは、アビディティーが低いことによって特徴づけられ、CD8共受容体に依存する2、11。様々なタイプの測定が、TCR-ペプチド-MHC相互作用を特徴づけるために行われ得る30。遺伝子組換えされたCD8α鎖およびCD8β鎖が、腫瘍が標的となるTCRを組み込む多シストロン性ベクターから効率的に発現され得るかどうかを調べるために、サバイビン特異的TCR(s24)、CD8αβおよび選択マーカー(ΔCD271)をコードするレトロウイルスベクター(T8、図1A)を構築し、同様にまた、TCR(サバイビンs24およびs16、PRAME p28およびp11)またはCD8αβを単独でコードするベクターを構築した。CD4+およびCD8+の選択されたT細胞に対して、s24-TCRまたはs24-T8を用いた形質導入を行い、形質導入効率についての分析を行った。CD4+細胞およびCD8+細胞の両方が同等によく形質導入を受けた(%TCR+CD4対CD8:82±9対84±4、p=NS;%T8+CD4対CD8:52±10対45±8%、p=NS;n=6、平均±SD、図1B)。しかし、形質導入効率は、TCR単独と比較して多シストロン性T8ベクターに関しては有意に低かった(CD4 TCR+対T8+:p<0.001、CD8 TCR+対T8+:p<0.001、n=6、図1B)。CD8+T細胞において、NT細胞、TCR+細胞およびT8+細胞を比較したとき、CD8αのレベルが変化していなかった(図1C)。興味深いことに、CD8βのレベルが、TCR+CD8+T細胞と比較して、T8+T細胞では有意に高かった(CD8β MFI:6.3±2.7x103対1.9±0.6x103、n=7、平均±SD、p=0.008、図1D)。CD4+T細胞においては、CD8αβとの同時形質導入により、ハイブリッド表現型が生じた。T8+CD4+T細胞におけるCD8αの細胞表面レベルが、TCR+CD8+T細胞に匹敵しており(CD8α MFI:4.6±1.7x103対4.3±1.3x103、n=6、平均±SD、p=NS)(図1C)、しかし、T8+CD4+T細胞におけるCD8βの細胞表面レベルは、TCR+CD8+T細胞と比較して有意に低かった(CD8β MFI:1.0±0.6x103対1.9±0.6x103、n=7、平均±SD、p=0.002)。CD4+T細胞は、CD8αβがTCRと一緒に共発現したとき、標的となるサバイビンエピトープを認識しただけであった(デキストラマーMFI、CD4 TCR+対T8+:0.1±0.08x103対2.3±2.5x103、p=0.02;CD8 TCR+対T8+:3.4±0.6x103対4.2±2.6x103、p=NS;n=5、平均±SD)(図1E)。デキストラマー結合が、TCR+T細胞およびT8+CD8+T細胞において同等であり、T8+CD4+T細胞と、TCR+CD8+T細胞との間でもまた同程度であった(デキストラマーMFI 2.3±2.5x103対3.4±0.6x103、p=NS)。したがって、CD8αβおよびクラスI制限TCRの強制発現は、(1)CD8βの増大した細胞表面レベルを有するCD8+T細胞と、(2)CD8αβ鎖の表面発現、そして、標的となるpMHCクラスI複合体を認識し、これと結合する新規な能力を有する、生来のCD8+T細胞に類似するハイブリッド型のCD4+T細胞とをもたらした。
材料および方法の例
細胞株。BV173細胞を、German Cell Culture Collection(DSMZ)から購入した。K562、CEM-T2(TAPトランスポーター欠損)および293Tを、American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)から得た。細胞を、10%または20%のウシ胎児血清(FBS、Hyclone)、1%のペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン(Gibco)および1%のグルタマックス(Gibco)が補充される完全RPMI1640培地またはIMDM培地(Hyclone;Thermo Scientific)で維持した。ベータ-2ミクログロブリンノックアウト(B2M-KO)のBV173細胞を、以前に記載されるようなCRISPR/Cas9技術1を使用して作製した。簡単に記載すると、B2MシングルガイドRNA(sgRNA、5’-GGCCACGGAGCGAGACAUCU-3’(配列番号1)、Synthego)および組換えCas9タンパク質(CP01、PNA Bio)をそれぞれ1μg、室温で混合し、0.15x106個のBV173細胞のエレクトロポレーション(10msの1600Vの3回のパルス、Neon Transfection System、Invitrogen)のために使用した。エレクトロポレーションした細胞を抗生物質非含有培地において拡大し、HLA-A2陰性細胞について98%超の純度にまでFACS選別した。インビボ異種移植実験のために、ホタルルシフェラーゼを発現するように改変されるBV173細胞(BV173.ffLuc)細胞を以前に記載されるように使用した2。
(参考文献)
本明細書中の参考文献は、本明細書中に示される細部に対する補足となる例示的な手順細部または他の細部を提供するという程度にまで、それらのどれもが参照によって本明細書中に特に組み込まれる。
本開示およびその利点が詳しく説明されているが、様々な変化、置換および変更が、添付された請求項によって規定されるような設計の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく行われ得ることを理解しなければならない。そのうえ、本出願の範囲は、本明細書に記載されるプロセス、装置、製造、組成物、手段、方法および工程の特定の実施形態に限定されることは意図されない。当業者は本開示から容易に理解するであろうように、本明細書中に記載される対応する実施形態と実質的に同じ機能を果たす、または本明細書中に記載される対応する実施形態と実質的に同じ結果を達成するプロセス、装置、製造、組成物、手段、方法または工程は、現在存在するものであろうと、または後に開発されるものであろうと、本開示に従って利用される場合がある。したがって、添付された請求項は、そのようなプロセス、装置、製造、組成物、手段、方法または工程をその範囲内に含むことが意図される。
Claims (7)
- 個体をT細胞療法で治療する方法に使用するための、細胞を含有する組成物であって、ここで、該方法は、個体に有効量の細胞を提供することを含み、該細胞は、
(i)CD8αをコードする第1の核酸(N1)、CD8βをコードする第2の核酸(N2)、T細胞受容体(TCR)αをコードする第3の核酸(N3)、およびTCRβをコードする第4の核酸(N4)を含むベクターを安定に発現するCD8+細胞であって、ここで、TCRαおよびTCRβは、抗原に結合する抗原結合部分を含む、CD8+細胞であり、該CD8+細胞は、その個体に対して自家である細胞、および
(ii)CD8αをコードする第1の核酸(N1)、CD8βをコードする第2の核酸(N2)、T細胞受容体(TCR)αをコードする第3の核酸(N3)、およびTCRβをコードする第4の核酸(N4)を含むベクターを安定に発現するCD4+細胞であって、ここで、TCRαおよびTCRβは、抗原に結合する抗原結合部分を含む、CD4+細胞であり、該CD4+細胞は、その個体に関して自家である細胞、
を含み、
ここで、ベクター上の核酸の配向は、5’末端から3’末端に向かって、N4-N3-N1-N2である、組成物。 - 前記抗原が腫瘍抗原であり、サバイビン、PRAME、CD19、CD20、CD22、カッパ鎖または軽鎖、CD30、CD33、CD123、CD38、ROR1、ErbB2、ErbB3/4、EGFR vIII、ガン胎児性抗原、EGP2、EGP40、メソテリン、TAG72、PSMA、NKG2Dリガンド、B7-H6、IL-13受容体cc2、IL-11受容体Ra、MUC1、MUC16、CA9、GD2、GD3、HMW-MAA、CD171、ルイスY、G250/CAIX、HLA-AI MAGE Al、HLA-A2 NY-ESO-1、PSC1、葉酸受容体-a、CD44v7/8、8H9、NCAM、VEGF受容体、5T4、胎児AchR、NKG2Dリガンド、HER2、BCMA、CD44v6およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- T細胞療法で個体を治療する方法に使用する為の細胞傷害性CD8+T細胞を製造する方法であって、CD8+T細胞及び/又はCD4+T細胞に、CD8αをコードする第1の核酸(N1)、CD8βをコードする第2の核酸(N2)、T細胞受容体(TCR)αをコードする第3の核酸(N3)、およびTCRβをコードする第4の核酸(N4)を含むベクターを安定にトランスフェクションすることを含み、ここで、TCRαおよびTCRβは、抗原に結合する抗原結合部分を含み、
ベクター上の核酸の配向は、5’末端から3’末端に向かって、N4-N3-N1-N2であり、
該CD8+細胞及び/又はCD4+細胞は、その個体に対して自家である、方法。 - 請求項3に記載の方法であって、ここで、
前記抗原が腫瘍抗原であり、サバイビン、PRAME、CD19、CD20、CD22、カッパ鎖または軽鎖、CD30、CD33、CD123、CD38、ROR1、ErbB2、ErbB3/4、EGFR vIII、ガン胎児性抗原、EGP2、EGP40、メソテリン、TAG72、PSMA、NKG2Dリガンド、B7-H6、IL-13受容体cc2、IL-11受容体Ra、MUC1、MUC16、CA9、GD2、GD3、HMW-MAA、CD171、ルイスY、G250/CAIX、HLA-AI MAGE Al、HLA-A2 NY-ESO-1、PSC1、葉酸受容体-a、CD44v7/8、8H9、NCAM、VEGF受容体、5T4、胎児AchR、NKG2Dリガンド、HER2、BCMA、CD44v6およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、抗原である、方法。 - 前記個体がガンを有する個体である、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記CD8αが、配列表の配列番号11に示すアミノ酸配列を含み、CD8βが、配列表の配列番号13に示すアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記CD8αが、配列表の配列番号11に示すアミノ酸配列を含み、CD8βが、配列表の配列番号13に示すアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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| WO2018058002A1 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center | Tcrs specific for minor histocompatibility (h) antigen ha-1 and uses thereof |
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| IL278044B1 (en) | 2023-12-01 |
| KR20210003826A (ko) | 2021-01-12 |
| IL278044B2 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
| MA52536A (fr) | 2021-02-24 |
| IL278044A (en) | 2020-11-30 |
| EP3781177A4 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
| US12377147B2 (en) | 2025-08-05 |
| CN112188895A (zh) | 2021-01-05 |
| WO2019204662A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
| US20250269032A1 (en) | 2025-08-28 |
| AU2019256536B2 (en) | 2025-09-18 |
| SG11202010262TA (en) | 2020-11-27 |
| EP3781177A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
| CA3097396A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
| MX2020011023A (es) | 2021-01-29 |
| US20210361705A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
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