JP7594535B2 - 低放射積層膜付きガラス板及びガラス製品 - Google Patents
低放射積層膜付きガラス板及びガラス製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7594535B2 JP7594535B2 JP2021546657A JP2021546657A JP7594535B2 JP 7594535 B2 JP7594535 B2 JP 7594535B2 JP 2021546657 A JP2021546657 A JP 2021546657A JP 2021546657 A JP2021546657 A JP 2021546657A JP 7594535 B2 JP7594535 B2 JP 7594535B2
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- emissivity
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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Description
ガラス板と、
前記ガラス板に支持された低放射積層膜と、
を備え、
前記低放射積層膜は、前記低放射積層膜の最も外側に配置されたZrO2含有層と、前記ガラス板と前記ZrO2含有層との間に配置された透明導電層と、を有し、
前記ZrO2含有層におけるZrO2の含有率が8mol%以上100mol%以下であり、
前記ZrO2含有層におけるSiO2の含有率が0mol%以上92mol%以下であり、
前記ZrO2含有層の表面の算術平均粗さRaは、12nm以下であり、前記透明導電層の表面の算術平均粗さRaよりも小さい、低放射積層膜付きガラス板を提供する。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10は、ガラス板1及び低放射積層膜2を備える。低放射積層膜2は、ガラス板1に支持されている。低放射積層膜2は、例えば、ガラス板1に接しており、ガラス板1の主表面(最も広い面積を有する表面)を被覆している。低放射積層膜2は、例えば、外部雰囲気(典型的には空気)に接している。
ガラス板1は、フロート板ガラスであってもよく、型板ガラスであってもよい。フロート板ガラスの表面は、優れた平滑性を有している。フロート板ガラスの表面の算術平均粗さRaは、好ましくは1nm以下であり、より好ましくは0.5nm以下である。
ZrO2含有層3は、ZrO2を含み、その含有率は、8mol%以上100mol%以下である。ZrO2含有層におけるZrO2の含有率の下限値は、好ましくは10mol%である。ZrO2の含有率の上限値は、好ましくは80mol%であり、より好ましくは60mol%であり、さらに好ましくは30mol%である。ZrO2の含有率は、23mol%以上100mol%以下であってもよく、23mol%以上72mol%以下であってもよい。場合によっては、ZrO2の含有率は、10mol%以上30mol%以下、又は、20mol%以上30mol%以下であってもよい。ZrO2含有層3におけるZrO2の含有率が高ければ高いほど、ZrO2含有層3の耐アルカリ性が向上する傾向がある。一方、ZrO2の含有率が高すぎると、ZrO2含有層3の屈折率が向上し、可視光反射率が高くなりすぎることがある。
透明導電層4の第1の例としては、実質的にフッ素含有酸化スズからなり、かつ、200nm以上400nm以下の厚さを有する層が挙げられる。本明細書では、「実質的に~からなる」は、層における成分の含有率が90mol%以上、さらには95mol%以上、特に99mol%以上であることを意味する。第1の例の透明導電層4は、300nm以上400nm以下の厚さを有することが好ましい。第1の例の透明導電層4が用いられる場合、後述する下地層5は、2層構造(例えば、第2の例の下地層5)を有することが好ましい。低放射積層膜2が第1の例の透明導電層4を含むとき、ZrO2含有層3は、10nm以上100nm以下の物理膜厚を有することが好ましい。
低放射積層膜2は、下地層5をさらに備えていてもよい。下地層5は、例えば、ガラス板1と透明導電層4との間に配置されており、ガラス板1及び透明導電層4のそれぞれに直接接していてもよい。
本実施形態の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10は、低放射積層膜2側の表面とは反対側のガラス板1の表面上に配置された他の低放射膜をさらに備えていてもよい。他の低放射膜は、例えば、誘電体層と、Agを主成分として含む層と、別の誘電体層とがこの順に積層された積層体を含む膜である。
本実施形態の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10は、例えば、透明導電層4及びガラス板1を含む積層体(透明導電層付きガラス板)における透明導電層4の上にZrO2含有層3を形成することによって作製できる。透明導電層付きガラス板としては、市販のものを用いることができる。ZrO2含有層3は、例えば、次の方法によって作製できる。まず、ZrO2含有層3を形成するためのコーティング液を透明導電層4の上に塗布し、液膜を作製する。
本実施形態の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10では、ZrO2含有層3の表面3aの算術平均粗さRaが12nm以下である。このような表面3aは、固形物と擦れても傷がつきにくく、耐擦傷性に優れている。さらに、表面3aは、指紋などの油分がつきにくく、表面防汚性にも優れている。本実施形態の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10は、断熱性にも優れている。
ΔL*=L0 *-L1 * (1)
Δa*=a0 *-a1 * (2)
Δb*=b0 *-b1 * (3)
ΔE*={(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2}1/2 (4)
図3は、建築物の天窓として用いられるガラス製品100の一例を示す。ガラス製品100は、低放射積層膜付きガラス板10と、空隙層30を介して低放射積層膜付きガラス板10と対向する第2のガラス板15とを備える。本明細書では、ガラス製品が備える第2のガラス板15に対して、低放射積層膜付きガラス板10のガラス板1を「第1のガラス板」と呼ぶことがある。ガラス製品100は、第2のガラス板15に支持され、空隙層30と接している低放射膜25(第1の低放射膜)をさらに備えていてもよい。図3のガラス製品100は、複層ガラスユニットである。
本発明の低放射積層膜付きガラス板10を備えたガラス製品の用途は、建築物の天窓に限定されない。第一の変形例において、ガラス製品は、建築物の壁などに設けられた通常の窓として用いられる。詳細には、変形例1のガラス製品は、建築物の窓構造に組み込まれ、屋内空間と屋外空間とを分離する。
第二の変形例において、ガラス製品は、冷蔵庫又は冷凍庫の扉として用いられる。詳細には、変形例2のガラス製品は、冷蔵庫又は冷凍庫の扉構造に組み込まれ、庫内空間と庫外空間とを分離する。
第三の変形例において、ガラス製品は、輸送機材の天窓として用いられる。図7は、変形例3のガラス製品200を示す。輸送機材としては、例えば、車両、航空機及び船舶が挙げられる。車両としては、例えば、鉄道車両及び自動車が挙げられる。輸送機材は、典型的には、自動車である。ガラス製品200は、低放射積層膜付きガラス板10を備え、例えば、第2のガラス板15をさらに備える。ガラス製品200は、第1のガラス板1と第2のガラス板15との間に配置された中間膜50をさらに備えていてもよい。図7のガラス製品200は、合わせガラスである。
図8は、変形例4のガラス製品300の概略断面図である。ガラス製品300は、第2のガラス板15及び中間膜50を備えていないことを除き、ガラス製品200の構造と同じである。
図9は、ガラス製品200(又は300)を天窓として備えた輸送機材500の一例を示す。図9の輸送機材500は、自動車である。輸送機材500のルーフ501には、機外(車外)と機内(車内)とを連通する略四角形状のサンルーフ開口502が形成されている。サンルーフ開口502の縁部には、開閉機構(図示せず)が設けられており、ガラス製品200は、この開閉機構によって支持されている。開閉機構は、例えば、ガイドレール、スライダ及びアクチュエータを有する。ガイドレールは、サンルーフ開口502の左右の縁部に設けられており、輸送機材500が前進する方向に延びている。スライダは、ガラス製品200を支持するとともに、ガイドレールに沿ってスライドすることができる。アクチュエータは、スライダをガイドレールに沿って移動させることができる。開閉機構によってガラス製品200を移動させることで、サンルーフ開口502を開閉することができる。詳細には、ガラス製品200は、開閉機構によって、サンルーフ開口502に嵌り込む閉位置と、サンルーフ開口502に対して輸送機材500の機外側かつ後方に位置する開位置との間を移動する。
[透明導電層付きガラス板]
まず、透明導電層付きガラス板(日本板硝子社製のLow-Eガラス)を、その主表面が一辺10cmの正方形状となるように切り出し、洗浄した。この透明導電層付きガラス板は、厚さ3mmのフロート板ガラスの一方の主表面上に、物理膜厚25nmのSnO2層(第1下地層)、物理膜厚25nmのSiO2層(第2下地層)及び物理膜厚340nmのSnO2:F層(透明導電層)がこの順番で積層されていた。
次に、テトラエトキシシラン(正ケイ酸エチル)5.2g、エタノール7.99g、精製水1.66g、濃度が1規定(1mol/L)の硝酸0.15gを混合した。得られた混合液を40℃で8時間エージングすることによって、テトラエトキシシランの加水分解生成物を含む液体を15g得た。次に、この液体1.22g、エタノール4.67g、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム2水和物(第一稀元素化学工業製、商品名「ジルコゾールZN」、25wt%水溶液)0.11gを混合することによって、コーティング液を6g得た。コーティング液における固形分濃度は、2.5wt%であった。
次に、スピンコート法によって、コーティング液を透明導電層付きガラス板に塗布した。スピンコート法は、次の方法で実施した。まず、スピンコーターの回転台の中央に透明導電層付きガラス板をセットして、透明導電層付きガラス板を回転させた。回転数が1000rpmで安定した後に、駒込ピペットを用いて、作製したコーティング液のうち1.5gを透明導電層付きガラス板の中央部に滴下した。このとき、余剰のコーティング液が透明導電層付きガラス板の周縁部から飛び散った。コーティング液が飛び散らなくなったのを確認してから、透明導電層付きガラス板の回転を停止した。
次に、コーティング液の塗布によって得られた液膜を乾燥させた。液膜の乾燥は、液膜が作製された透明導電層付きガラス板をトンネル型搬送炉内に搬送することによって行った。搬送炉内の設定温度は300℃であり、搬送炉の加熱ゾーンの長さは1.6mであった。透明導電層付きガラス板は、搬送速度0.8m/minで搬送され、2分間加熱された。
次に、得られた乾燥膜を焼成することによってZrO2含有層を作製した。焼成は、760℃に設定された電気炉内に、透明導電層付きガラス板を4分45秒保持することによって行った。このとき、透明導電層付きガラス板が到達する最高温度は、650℃であった。これにより、参照例1の低放射積層膜付きガラス板を得た。
ZrO2含有層におけるZrO2の含有率及びコーティング液における固形分濃度が表1に記載された値になるようにコーティング液の組成を調整したことを除き、参照例1と同じ方法によって参照例2~5、実施例5~6、比較例1及び2の低放射積層膜付きガラス板を得た。
ZrO2含有層を作製しなかったことを除き、参照例1と同じ方法によって比較例3の低放射積層膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例3の低放射積層膜付きガラス板は、参照例1で用いられた透明導電層付きガラス板と同じ構成を有していた。
次に、参照例1~5、実施例5~6、及び比較例1~3の低放射積層膜付きガラス板について、以下の方法で評価を行った。
ZrO2含有層の物理膜厚は、次の方法によって測定した。まず、低放射積層膜付きガラス板を切断し、その断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテク社製のS-4700)で観察した。得られた電子顕微鏡像からZrO2含有層の物理膜厚を特定した。
低放射積層膜付きガラス板の光学特性は、次の方法によって評価した。まず、分光光度計(日立製作所製、U-4100型)によって、低放射積層膜付きガラス板の分光透過率スペクトル及び分光反射率スペクトルを測定した。分光反射率スペクトルは、ZrO2含有層(又は透明導電層)の面を測定面とし、反射角5°の絶対反射測定を行った。得られたスペクトルからJIS R3106:1998に定められたD65光源に対する可視光透過率及び可視光反射率を算出した。さらに、分光反射率スペクトルの測定条件で、ZrO2含有層からの反射光のL0 *値、a0 *値及びb0 *値を測定した。なお、L0 *値、a0 *値及びb0 *値は、L*a*b*表色系(CIE1976)に基づいている。
低放射積層膜付きガラス板の表面防汚性は、次の方法によって評価した。まず、オレイン酸を染み込ませたガーゼに、直径15mmのゴム板を押し付けて、ゴム板にオレイン酸を付着させた。次に、そのゴム板をZrO2含有層(又は透明導電層)の表面に、100g/cm2の圧力で10秒間密着させることによって、当該表面にオレイン酸を付着させた。次に、この表面において、精製水で湿らせた綿布を25g/cm2の圧力で10回往復させることによってオレイン酸を拭った。次に、表面に呼気を吹きかけてから、目視でオレイン酸の跡の有無を確認した。オレイン酸の跡が確認できなかった場合、表面防汚性が良好(〇)であると評価した。オレイン酸の跡が確認できた場合、表面防汚性が不良(×)であると評価した。
低放射積層膜付きガラス板の耐擦傷性は、次の方法によって評価した。まず、100円硬貨(銅75%、ニッケル25%の合金)の表面がZrO2含有層(又は透明導電層)の表面と直交するように、硬貨の側面をZrO2含有層の表面に接触させた。次に、50gの荷重を印加しながら硬貨の厚さ方向に硬貨を10mm移動させることによって、ZrO2含有層の表面を硬貨で擦った。ZrO2含有層の表面について、硬貨の跡が目視で確認できなかった場合、耐擦傷性が良好(〇)であると評価した。硬貨の跡が目視で確認できたが、それが不明瞭である場合は、不十分(△)であると評価した。硬貨の跡が目視で明瞭に確認できた場合、耐擦傷性が不良(×)であると評価した。
低放射積層膜付きガラス板の耐久性(耐アルカリ性)は、次の方法によって評価した。まず、低放射積層膜付きガラス板について上述した耐久性試験を行った。次に、上述した分光反射率スペクトルの測定条件で、耐久性試験後の低放射積層膜付きガラス板におけるZrO2含有層(又は透明導電層)からの反射光のL1 *値、a1 *値及びb1 *値を測定した。得られたL1 *値、a1 *値及びb1 *値と、上述したL0 *値、a0 *値及びb0 *値とを用いて、上記の式(1)~(4)に基づいて、反射光の色の変化ΔE*を算出した。
低放射積層膜付きガラス板のZrO2含有層(又は透明導電層)の表面の算術平均粗さRaは、次の方法によって評価した。まず、ZrO2含有層の表面形状を走査型プローブ顕微鏡(エスアイアイ-エヌティー社製、SPA-400型)を用いて測定した。視野内で互いに交わる3本の直線を選び、これらの直線における断面曲線のそれぞれについて、算術平均粗さを求めた。得られた値の算術平均をZrO2含有層の表面の算術平均粗さRaとして特定した。
Claims (21)
- ガラス板と、
前記ガラス板に支持された低放射積層膜と、
を備え、
前記低放射積層膜は、前記低放射積層膜の最も外側に配置されたZrO2含有層と、前記ガラス板と前記ZrO2含有層との間に配置された透明導電層と、を有し、
前記ZrO2含有層におけるZrO2の含有率が50mol%以上72mol%以下であり、
前記ZrO2含有層におけるSiO2の含有率が28mol%以上50mol%以下であり、
前記ZrO2含有層の表面の算術平均粗さRaは、12nm以下であり、前記透明導電層の表面の算術平均粗さRaよりも小さい、低放射積層膜付きガラス板。 - 前記透明導電層の前記表面の前記算術平均粗さRaが14nm以上である、請求項1に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記透明導電層は、実質的にフッ素含有酸化スズからなる、請求項1又は2に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記透明導電層は、実質的にフッ素含有酸化スズからなり、かつ、200nm以上400nm以下の厚さを有する層である、請求項1又は2に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記透明導電層は、実質的にフッ素含有酸化スズからなり、かつ、400nm以上800nm以下の厚さを有する層である、請求項1又は2に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記透明導電層は、
実質的にアンチモン含有酸化スズからなり、かつ、100nm以上300nm以下の厚さを有する第1透明導電層と、
実質的にフッ素含有酸化スズからなり、かつ、150nm以上400nm以下の厚さを有する第2透明導電層と、を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。 - 前記低放射積層膜は、前記ガラス板と前記透明導電層との間に配置された下地層をさらに有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記下地層は、酸炭化ケイ素を主成分として含み、かつ、20nm以上120nm以下の厚さを有する層である、請求項7に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記下地層は、
実質的に酸化スズからなり、かつ、10nm以上90nm以下の厚さを有する第1下地層と、
実質的にSiO2からなり、かつ、10nm以上90nm以下の厚さを有する第2下地層と、からなる、請求項7に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。 - 前記下地層は、
実質的にSiO2からなり、かつ、10nm以上30nm以下の厚さを有する第1下地層と、
実質的に酸化スズからなり、かつ、10nm以上90nm以下の厚さを有する第2下地層と、
実質的にSiO2からなり、かつ、10nm以上90nm以下の厚さを有する第3下地層と、からなる、請求項7に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。 - 前記ZrO2含有層の物理膜厚が15nm以上150nm以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 前記ZrO2含有層の物理膜厚が30nm以上150nm以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板。
- 建築物の天窓として用いられることによって屋内空間と屋外空間とを分離するガラス製品であって、
前記ガラス製品は、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板と、空隙層を介して前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板と対向する第2のガラス板と、を備え、
前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板に含まれる前記低放射積層膜が前記屋外空間に接する、ガラス製品。 - 前記第2のガラス板に支持され、前記空隙層と接している低放射膜をさらに備えた、請求項13に記載のガラス製品。
- 前記低放射膜は、Agを主成分として含む層を有する、請求項14に記載のガラス製品。
- 前記低放射膜は、Agを主成分として含む前記層を2つ有する、請求項15に記載のガラス製品。
- 建築物の窓として用いられることによって屋内空間と屋外空間とを分離するガラス製品であって、
前記ガラス製品は、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板と、空隙層を介して前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板と対向する第2のガラス板と、を備え、
前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板に含まれる前記低放射積層膜が前記屋内空間に接する、ガラス製品。 - 冷蔵庫又は冷凍庫の扉として用いられることによって庫内空間と庫外空間とを分離するガラス製品であって、
前記ガラス製品は、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板と、空隙層を介して前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板と対向する第2のガラス板と、を備え、
前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板に含まれる前記低放射積層膜が前記庫外空間に接する、
ガラス製品。 - 輸送機材の天窓として用いられることによって機内空間と機外空間とを分離するガラス製品であって、
前記ガラス製品は、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の低放射積層膜付きガラス板を備え、
前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板に含まれる前記低放射積層膜が前記機内空間に接する、ガラス製品。 - 前記機外空間に接する第2のガラス板をさらに備えた、請求項19に記載のガラス製品。
- 前記低放射積層膜付きガラス板は、前記ガラス板の両方の主表面に形成された圧縮応力層をさらに有する、請求項19に記載されたガラス製品。
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| US20220242783A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
| JPWO2021054289A1 (ja) | 2021-03-25 |
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