JP7585365B2 - 骨密度モデリング及び整形外科手術計画システム - Google Patents
骨密度モデリング及び整形外科手術計画システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7585365B2 JP7585365B2 JP2023018495A JP2023018495A JP7585365B2 JP 7585365 B2 JP7585365 B2 JP 7585365B2 JP 2023018495 A JP2023018495 A JP 2023018495A JP 2023018495 A JP2023018495 A JP 2023018495A JP 7585365 B2 JP7585365 B2 JP 7585365B2
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Description
Cf=fun(dn,in),n∈ランドマーク 式(1)
[0165]強度ベースのメトリックは、単にCT画像データの強度値又はその勾配であり得る。強度の場合、特定の変動は、高いもの(骨強度)から低いもの(軟組織構造)へと進むステップであり、勾配の例の場合、軟組織構造の境界を示す接続のプロファイルに沿って正のスパイクが存在する。処理回路542は、コスト関数のような最小化アルゴリズムを利用して、初期形状715の位置合わせを決定し得る。最小化アルゴリズムは、処理回路542が、アルゴリズムの閾値を満たすことによって初期形状715(例えば、SMS)を変形させて、SMSの変形バージョンを軟組織構造の骨対筋肉寸法に適合させる一般的なタイプのアルゴリズムを指し得る。例えば、コスト関数は、ユークリッド距離
Cf=Cf1+Cf2 式(3)
[0167]比較可能であるために、Cf1は、Cf2と同じスケールであり得る。Cf2は、その値が正規化されている(すなわち、0と1との間)であろう。Cf1を同じ間隔にスケーリングするために、それは、剛体レジストレーション後(すなわち、SMSと患者固有のCTデータとの間)の値Cf1を使用して正規化される。
・関節窩のバージョン:肩甲骨の横軸に対する関節窩の関節面の軸の角度方向。 ・関節窩の傾斜:肩甲骨に対する関節窩の上方向/下方向の傾き。
・関節窩の向き/方向:3次元空間における関節窩の3次元の向き。
・関節窩の最良適合球体の半径:患者の関節窩に対する最良適合球体の半径。最良適合球体は、球体のセクタが患者の関節窩と可能な限り同一平面に位置するようにサイズ決定された概念的な球体である。
・関節窩の最良適合球体の二乗平均平方根誤差:患者の関節窩と最良適合球体のセクタとの間の差の平均二乗誤差。
・リバースショルダーアングル:関節窩の下部の傾斜。
・クリティカルショルダーアングル:関節窩の平面と肩峰の最も下外側の点への接続線との間の角度。
・肩峰上腕骨空間:肩峰と上腕骨の上部との間の空間。
・関節窩上腕骨空間:関節窩と上腕骨との間の空間。
・上腕骨のバージョン:上腕骨の向きと上顆軸との間の角度。
・上腕骨頸対角:上腕骨の解剖学的頸部の法線ベクトルと髄内軸との間の角度。 ・上腕骨頭の最良適合球体の半径及び二乗平均平方根誤差:患者の上腕骨頭に対する最良適合球体の半径。最良適合球体は、球体のセクタが上腕骨頭の表面に可能な限り一致するようにサイズ決定された概念的な球体である。二乗平均平方根誤差は、最良適合球体と患者の実際の上腕骨頭との間の誤差を示す。
・上腕骨亜脱臼:関節窩に対する上腕骨の亜脱臼の度合い。
・上腕骨の向き/方向:3次元空間における上腕骨頭の向き。
・患者の上腕骨の骨端の測定値、
・患者の上腕骨の骨幹端の測定値、
・患者の上腕骨の骨幹の測定値、
・骨の後傾
[0205]図28は、本開示の技法による、患者固有の画像データに基づいて肩関節治療のタイプを決定するための例となる手順を例示するフローチャートである。システム540の処理回路542は、図28の例を実行するものとして説明されるが、仮想計画システム102のような他のデバイス又はシステムが、本技法の1つ又は複数の部分を実行し得る。更に、本技法のいくつかの部分は、分散システムを介して2つ以上のデバイス及び/又はシステムの組合せによって実行され得る。図28のプロセスは、3次元データセットに関して説明されるが、他の例では、データのいくつかの2次元スライスが同様の方法で分析され得る。
以下に、出願当初の特許請求の範囲に記載の事項を、そのまま、付記しておく。
[1] 患者に関する患者固有の画像データを記憶するように構成されたメモリと、
処理回路と、を備えるシステムであって、
前記処理回路は、
前記患者固有の画像データ内の上腕骨頭を識別することと、
前記患者固有の画像データに基づいて、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部の骨密度を表す骨密度メトリックを決定することと、
前記骨密度メトリックに基づいて、前記患者に対する上腕骨インプラントタイプの推奨を生成することと、
前記患者に対する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨を出力することと
を行うように構成されている、システム。
[2] 前記上腕骨インプラントタイプは、ステム付きインプラントタイプ又はステムレスインプラントタイプのうちの1つを含む、[1]に記載のシステム。
[3] 前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨は、上腕骨インプラントのステムの長さを示す推奨を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載のシステム。
[4] 前記骨密度メトリックは、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部内の骨梁の総合的な密度スコアを表す、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[5] 前記骨密度メトリックは、前記上腕骨頭内のそれぞれの部分についての複数の骨密度値を含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[6] 前記処理回路は、
前記患者固有の画像データに基づいて、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部内のそれぞれのボクセルの強度を識別することと、
前記それぞれのボクセルの前記強度を2つ以上の強度レベルのうちの1つに分類することと、
前記2つ以上の強度レベルの各々に分類されたボクセルの数又は前記2つ以上の強度レベルの各々に分類された前記ボクセルの前記上腕骨頭における位置のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記骨密度メトリックを決定することと
によって、前記骨密度メトリックを決定するように構成されている、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[7] 前記処理回路は、
上腕骨頭を通る平面を決定することと、ここで、前記平面は、上腕骨インプラントを受け入れるために上腕骨を準備するであろう前記上腕骨における上腕骨切断面を表すものであり、
前記平面によって露出した前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部についての前記骨密度メトリックを決定することと
を行うように構成されている、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[8] 前記処理回路は、前記患者の前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部の表現上に前記骨密度メトリックのグラフィカル表現を含むユーザインターフェースを出力するように構成されている、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[9] 前記骨密度メトリックは、複数の色のヒートマップを含み、前記複数の色の各色は、骨密度値の異なる範囲を表す、[8]に記載のシステム。
[10] 複合現実ディスプレイを更に備え、前記処理回路は、前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現を含む前記ユーザインターフェースを提示するように前記複合現実ディスプレイを制御するように構成されている、[8]又は[9]に記載のシステム。[11] 前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現は、前記上腕骨頭の平面内の骨密度変動の2次元表現を含む、[8]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[12] 前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現は、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも骨梁内の骨密度変動の3次元表現を含む、[8]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[13] 前記処理回路は、上腕骨インプラントのステムサイズを生成するために畳み込みニューラルネットワークを前記患者固有の画像データに適用するように構成され、前記患者に対する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨は、前記畳み込みニューラルネットワークから生成された前記ステムサイズを有する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプを含む、[1]~[12]のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
[14] 処理回路によって、患者の患者固有の画像データ内の上腕骨頭を識別することと、
前記処理回路によって、前記患者固有の画像データに基づいて、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部の骨密度を表す骨密度メトリックを決定することと、
前記処理回路によって、前記骨密度メトリックに基づいて、前記患者に対する上腕骨インプラントタイプの推奨を生成することと、
前記処理回路によって、前記患者に対する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨を出力することと
を備える方法。
[15] 前記上腕骨インプラントタイプは、ステム付きインプラントタイプ又はステムレスインプラントタイプのうちの1つを含む、[14]に記載の方法。
[16] 前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨は、上腕骨インプラントのステムの長さを示す推奨を含む、[14]又は[15]に記載の方法。
[17] 前記骨密度メトリックは、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部内の骨梁の総合的な密度スコアを表す、[14]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[18] 前記骨密度メトリックは、前記上腕骨頭内のそれぞれの部分についての複数の骨密度値を含む、[14]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[19] 前記骨密度メトリックを決定することは、
前記患者固有の画像データに基づいて、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部内のそれぞれのボクセルの強度を識別することと、
前記それぞれのボクセルの前記強度を2つ以上の強度レベルのうちの1つに分類することと、
前記2つ以上の強度レベルの各々に分類されたボクセルの数又は前記2つ以上の強度レベルの各々に分類された前記ボクセルの前記上腕骨頭における位置のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記骨密度メトリックを決定することと
を含む、[14]~[18]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[20] 上腕骨頭を通る平面を決定することと、ここで、前記平面は、上腕骨インプラントを受け入れるために上腕骨を準備するであろう前記上腕骨における上腕骨切断面を表すものであり、
前記平面によって露出した前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部についての前記骨密度メトリックを決定することと
を更に含む、[14]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[21] 表示のために、前記患者の前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部の表現上に前記骨密度メトリックのグラフィカル表現を含むユーザインターフェースを出力することを更に含む、[14]~[20]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[22] 骨密度メトリックは、複数の色のヒートマップを含み、複数の色の各色は、骨密度値の異なる範囲を表す、[21]に記載の方法。
[23] 前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現を含む前記ユーザインターフェースを提示するように複合現実ディスプレイを制御することを更に含む、[21]又は[22]に記載の方法。
[24] 前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現は、前記上腕骨頭の平面内の骨密度変動の2次元表現を含む、[21]~[23]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[25] 前記骨密度メトリックの前記グラフィカル表現は、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも骨梁内の骨密度変動の3次元表現を含む、[21]~[24]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[26] 上腕骨インプラントのステムサイズを生成するために畳み込みニューラルネットワークを前記患者固有の画像データに適用することを更に含み、前記患者に対する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨は、前記畳み込みニューラルネットワークから生成された前記ステムサイズを有する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプを含む、[14]~[25]のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[27] 命令を含むコンピュータ可読記憶媒体であって、前記命令は、実行されると、処理回路に、
患者に関する患者固有の画像データ内の上腕骨頭を識別することと、
前記患者固有の画像データに基づいて、前記上腕骨頭の少なくとも一部の骨密度を表す骨密度メトリックを決定することと、
前記骨密度メトリックに基づいて、前記患者に対する上腕骨インプラントタイプの推奨を生成することと、
表示のために、前記患者に対する前記上腕骨インプラントタイプの前記推奨を出力することと
を行わせる、コンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
Claims (13)
- 患者のための、肩関節手術タイプについての推奨を自動的に生成するシステムであって、前記システムは、
前記患者から生成された患者固有のコンピュータ断層撮影(CT)画像データを記憶するように構成されたメモリと、
処理回路とを、備え、前記処理回路は、
前記メモリから前記患者固有のCT画像データを受け取り、
前記患者固有のCT画像データから1つ又は複数の軟組織特性を決定し、
前記患者固有のCT画像データから決定された前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性に基づいて、前記患者に対して行われるべき、前記肩関節手術タイプについての推奨を生成し、そして、
前記肩関節手術タイプについての推奨を出力する、ように構成されている、システム。 - 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、前記患者の軟組織構造の脂肪浸潤率を含み、
前記処理回路は、前記脂肪浸潤率を、
前記軟組織構造を表す患者固有の形状にマスクを適用すること、
前記マスク下のボクセルに閾値を適用すること、
前記閾値未満の前記ボクセルに基づいて脂肪体積を決定すること、及び
前記脂肪体積と前記軟組織構造を表す患者固有の形状の体積とに基づいて脂肪浸潤値を決定すること、
によって決定するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、前記患者の軟組織構造の萎縮率を含み、
前記処理回路は、前記萎縮率を、
前記患者の前記軟組織構造の骨対筋肉寸法を決定すること、
前記軟組織構造の統計的平均形状(SMS)を取得すること、
アルゴリズムの閾値を満たさせることによって前記SMSを変形させて、前記SMSの変形バージョンを前記軟組織構造の前記骨対筋肉寸法に適合させること、及び
前記SMSの体積を前記軟組織構造の体積で割ることによって前記軟組織構造の前記萎縮率を決定すること、
によって、決定するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、脂肪浸潤値又は萎縮率のうちの少なくとも1つを含み、
前記処理回路は、前記患者の1つ又は複数の軟組織構造についての前記脂肪浸潤値、又は前記萎縮率のうちの少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記患者に対して行われるべき前記肩関節手術タイプについての推奨を生成するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記処理回路は、前記脂肪浸潤値、又は前記萎縮率のうちの少なくとも1つに基づき、前記1つ又は複数の軟組織構造のばね定数を決定するように構成されている、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記処理回路は、前記1つ又は複数の軟組織構造の前記脂肪浸潤値、前記萎縮率、又は前記ばね定数のうちの少なくとも1つに基づき、患者の上腕骨の可動域を決定するように構成されている、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織構造は、前記患者の回旋腱板の1つ又は複数の筋肉を含む、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、上腕骨の可動域を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、前記患者の1つ又は複数の軟組織構造の脂肪浸潤値、萎縮値、又は可動域値のうちの少なくとも1つを含み、
前記処理回路は、
前記脂肪浸潤値、前記萎縮値、又は前記可動域値のうちの少なくとも1つをニューラルネットワークに入力し、
前記ニューラルネットワークからの出力に基づいて、前記肩関節手術タイプについての推奨を生成する、ように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記処理回路は、前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性を、前記患者固有のCT画像データから、
前記患者の軟組織構造の初期形状を受け取ること、
前記初期形状上の複数の表面点を決定すること、
前記初期形状を前記患者固有のCT画像データに位置合わせすること、
前記患者の前記軟組織構造の境界を表す前記患者固有のCT画像データ内において、1つ又は複数の輪郭を識別すること、
前記1つ又は複数の輪郭のそれぞれの位置に向かって前記複数の表面点を反復的に移動させて、前記初期形状を前記患者の前記軟組織構造を表す前記患者固有の形状に変化させること、及び
前記患者固有の形状に基づいて、前記患者の前記軟組織構造についての前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性を決定すること、
によって、決定するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記処理回路は、複合現実ユーザインターフェースの一部として前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性の表現を表示するようにユーザインターフェースを制御するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の軟組織特性は、前記患者の軟組織構造の脂肪浸潤率又は萎縮率のうちの1つを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記肩関節手術タイプは、解剖学的肩関節置換術又はリバース型肩関節置換術のうちの1つを含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
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