JP7545435B2 - Carbon dioxide absorbents, filters, and air conditioning systems - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide absorbents, filters, and air conditioning systems Download PDFInfo
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- JP7545435B2 JP7545435B2 JP2022056690A JP2022056690A JP7545435B2 JP 7545435 B2 JP7545435 B2 JP 7545435B2 JP 2022056690 A JP2022056690 A JP 2022056690A JP 2022056690 A JP2022056690 A JP 2022056690A JP 7545435 B2 JP7545435 B2 JP 7545435B2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 228
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 114
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 104
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 silicate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 101710175461 DNA-dependent metalloprotease SPRTN Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
本発明は、二酸化炭素吸収材に関し、特に換気空調システムで使用する二酸化炭素吸収材に関する。 The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide absorbent, and in particular to a carbon dioxide absorbent for use in ventilation and air conditioning systems.
新型コロナウイルス感染症（ＣＯＶＩＤ－１９）の感染拡大抑止のひとつとして、室内空気を外の空気と交換するいわゆる換気が注目されている。しかし、上記の換気は、室内空気の暖房や冷房、除湿効果を著しく損なう結果となることは明白であり、換気を最小限に食い止めることが、エネルギー効率の向上に大きく寄与する。 Ventilation, which exchanges indoor air with outside air, has been attracting attention as one way to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it is clear that such ventilation results in a significant loss of the heating, cooling, and dehumidifying effects of indoor air, and minimizing ventilation will greatly contribute to improving energy efficiency.
一方で、換気は、室内空気の二酸化炭素濃度の低減も目的とする。建築物環境衛生管理基準によって、空気調和設備を設ける際の二酸化炭素の濃度は１０００ｐｐｍ以下に、学校環境衛生基準によって、教育施設での二酸化炭素の濃度は１５００ｐｐｍ以下に保つように定められている。しかし、状況によってこれを超えることがあり、規定値を超えると眠気の誘発や集中力の低下が、さらに濃度が高くなると頭痛や目眩、吐き気といった人体への影響の可能性が生じる。特に、２５００～５０００ｐｐｍの二酸化炭素濃度は、健康に害を及ぼす可能性のあるレベルとされている。このように、二酸化炭素濃度の上昇は健康被害に直接関係しており、快適な空間を得るために、室内空気の交換だけでなく、それ以上に感染防止も相まって窓開けまでして換気量を増やしているのが現状である。そのため、室内の二酸化炭素を低減するための、新たな二酸化炭素低減方法の考案が望まれていた。 On the other hand, ventilation also aims to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in indoor air. The Building Environmental Sanitation Management Standards stipulate that the carbon dioxide concentration when installing air conditioning equipment should be kept below 1000 ppm, and the School Environmental Sanitation Standards stipulate that the carbon dioxide concentration in educational facilities should be kept below 1500 ppm. However, this can be exceeded depending on the situation, and if the stipulated value is exceeded, it can cause drowsiness and reduced concentration, and if the concentration becomes even higher, it can have effects on the human body such as headaches, dizziness, and nausea. In particular, a carbon dioxide concentration of 2500 to 5000 ppm is considered to be a level that can be harmful to health. In this way, an increase in carbon dioxide concentration is directly related to health damage, and in order to create a comfortable space, not only is indoor air exchanged, but the current situation is that the amount of ventilation is increased by opening windows, in addition to preventing infection. For this reason, there was a need to devise a new method to reduce carbon dioxide indoors.
二酸化炭素吸収材として、特許文献１には、麻酔呼吸システム、及び呼吸される空気を含む他の適用例に使用される化学吸収剤であって、水酸化カルシウムを主成分とする、二酸化炭素を吸収するための化学吸収剤製剤が開示されている。 As a carbon dioxide absorbent, Patent Document 1 discloses a chemical absorbent formulation for absorbing carbon dioxide, which is based on calcium hydroxide and is used in anesthesia breathing systems and other applications involving breathed air.
しかし、換気空調システムで使用する二酸化炭素吸収材には、室内空間において使用できるように、持続性及び大容量の二酸化炭素の吸収性が求められる。 However, carbon dioxide absorbents used in ventilation and air conditioning systems are required to have a long-lasting and large-capacity carbon dioxide absorption capacity so that they can be used in indoor spaces.
本発明は上記事情に鑑みて成されたものであり、持続性及び吸収性を向上させた、二酸化炭素吸収材を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a carbon dioxide absorbent with improved durability and absorbency.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の第１の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材は、空気中に含まれる二酸化炭素を吸収する二酸化炭素吸収材であって、水酸化カルシウムと、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物とを備える。本明細書において「水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物」における「水酸基を含む」とは、水酸基（－ＯＨ）が水素結合、極性引力、ファンデルワールス力などの分子間力、イオン結合、又はこれらの結合要素の組合せにより化学的にケイ酸塩化合物と結合していることをいう。
このように構成すると、二酸化炭素吸収材は、保水性能を有する、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物を含むため、水酸化カルシウムと二酸化炭素との反応が促進され、二酸化炭素の吸収量を増やすことができる。
In order to achieve the above object, a carbon dioxide absorbent according to a first aspect of the present invention is a carbon dioxide absorbent that absorbs carbon dioxide contained in air, and includes calcium hydroxide and a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group. In this specification, "containing a hydroxyl group" in the "silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group" means that a hydroxyl group (-OH) is chemically bonded to the silicate compound by a hydrogen bond, a polar attraction, an intermolecular force such as van der Waals force, an ionic bond, or a combination of these bonding elements.
When configured in this manner, the carbon dioxide absorbent contains a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group that has water retention properties, and therefore the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is promoted, making it possible to increase the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed.
本発明の第２の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材は、上記本発明の第１の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材において、重量含水率が、少なくとも５％である。
このように構成すると、二酸化炭素吸収材が十分に水を保水しているため、水酸化カルシウムと二酸化炭素との反応を促進することができる。
A carbon dioxide absorbent according to a second aspect of the present invention is the carbon dioxide absorbent according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbent has a weight moisture content of at least 5%.
With this configuration, the carbon dioxide absorbent retains a sufficient amount of water, and therefore the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide can be promoted.
本発明の第３の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材は、上記本発明の第１の態様又は第２の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材において、水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物との重量混合比は、水酸化カルシウムの重量を１とすると、１：０．５～１０である。
このように構成すると、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物から十分に水を供給することができる。
A carbon dioxide absorbent according to a third aspect of the present invention is the carbon dioxide absorbent according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein a weight mixing ratio of calcium hydroxide to a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group is 1:0.5 to 10, where the weight of calcium hydroxide is 1.
With this configuration, water can be supplied sufficiently from the silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group.
本発明の第４の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材は、上記本発明の第１の態様～第３の態様のいずれかの態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材において、二酸化炭素吸収材は、篩上の粒度が０．１ｍｍ以上であり、篩下の粒度が２０ｍｍ以下である。
このように構成すると、二酸化炭素吸収材の表面積が増え、二酸化炭素を吸収するための面積を増やすことができる。
A carbon dioxide absorbent according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the carbon dioxide absorbent according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbent has an oversieve particle size of 0.1 mm or more and an undersieve particle size of 20 mm or less.
With this configuration, the surface area of the carbon dioxide absorbent material is increased, and the area available for absorbing carbon dioxide can be increased.
本発明の第５の態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材は、上記本発明の第１の態様～第４の態様のいずれかの態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材において、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物は、珪藻土、ゼオライト、及び粘土鉱物からなる群から選択された少なくとも１つである。
このように構成すると、水酸化カルシウムと混合するケイ酸塩化合物は、化学的に長期安定性を有し、水酸化カルシウムと二酸化炭素との反応に好適なｐＨに影響を及ぼすことがなく、二酸化炭素吸収材の長期的使用を可能にする。
A carbon dioxide absorbent according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the carbon dioxide absorbent according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, wherein the silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and clay minerals.
When configured in this manner, the silicate compound mixed with calcium hydroxide has long-term chemical stability and does not affect the pH that is suitable for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, enabling the carbon dioxide absorbent to be used for a long period of time.
本発明の第６の態様に係るフィルタは、上記本発明の第１の態様～第５の態様のいずれかの態様に係る二酸化炭素吸収材を備える。
このように構成すると、空気を通過させることで二酸化炭素を吸収するフィルタを構成することができる。
A filter according to a sixth aspect of the present invention comprises the carbon dioxide absorbent according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention.
With this configuration, a filter can be formed that absorbs carbon dioxide by passing air through it.
本発明の第７の態様に係る空調システムは、上記本発明の第６の態様に係るフィルタを備え、当該フィルタは、二酸化炭素を含む空気の流路に配置される。
このように構成すると、室内空気の窓開け頻度を少なくする又は無くすことができるウエルネスな空調システムを提供できる。空調システムは、空調空気内の二酸化炭素の吸収を行い、その濃度を調整することができる。
An air conditioning system according to a seventh aspect of the present invention includes the filter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, and the filter is disposed in a flow path of air containing carbon dioxide.
With this configuration, it is possible to provide a wellness air conditioning system that can reduce or eliminate the need to open windows to let in indoor air. The air conditioning system can absorb carbon dioxide in the conditioned air and adjust its concentration.
本発明によれば、持続性及び吸収性が向上し、室内空間において使用可能な二酸化炭素吸収材を得ることができる。 The present invention provides a carbon dioxide absorbent that has improved durability and absorbency and can be used in indoor spaces.
本発明において、二酸化炭素吸収材は、水酸化カルシウム（Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２）と水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物を備える。水酸化カルシウムは、二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）の吸収性能を有し、下記反応式（１）のとおり二酸化炭素と反応する。
Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２＋ＣＯ２ → ＣａＣＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ （１）
In the present invention, the carbon dioxide absorbent comprises calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group. Calcium hydroxide has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and reacts with carbon dioxide as shown in the following reaction formula (1).
Ca(OH) 2 +CO 2 → CaCO 3 +H 2 O (1)
しかし、上記反応を促進させるためには水を必要とする。空調システムにおいて二酸化炭素吸収材として使用するためには、長時間にわたる適切な水の供給が必要となる。そこで、本発明では、保水性能を有する水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物を水酸化カルシウムに混合して混合造粒体を形成し、造粒体それ自体から常時水を供給することで二酸化炭素の吸収性能を向上させている。 However, water is required to promote the above reaction. To use it as a carbon dioxide absorbent in an air conditioning system, an adequate supply of water over a long period of time is required. Therefore, in the present invention, a silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups with water retention properties is mixed with calcium hydroxide to form a mixed granule, and water is constantly supplied from the granule itself, improving the carbon dioxide absorption performance.
水酸化カルシウムは消石灰ともいわれ、強塩基のため二酸化炭素と反応する。値段も安く入手も容易であり、市販の粉末状のものを使用できる。粒径は例えば０．０１ｍｍ～５ｍｍのものが扱い易く好ましい。水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物としては、珪藻土、ゼオライト、及び粘土鉱物、又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。これらの水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物は、アルカリ性によって変質することなくその機能性を維持でき、化学的長期的耐久性を有するため好ましい。粒径は例えば０．０１ｍｍ～３ｍｍのものが扱い易く好ましい。 Calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime, is a strong base and reacts with carbon dioxide. It is inexpensive and easy to obtain, so commercially available powdered products can be used. Particle sizes of, for example, 0.01 mm to 5 mm are preferred for ease of handling. Examples of silicate compounds containing hydroxyl groups include diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and clay minerals, or mixtures of these. These silicate compounds containing hydroxyl groups are preferred because they can maintain their functionality without being altered by alkali and have long-term chemical durability. Particle sizes of, for example, 0.01 mm to 3 mm are preferred for ease of handling.
水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物との重量混合比は、水酸化カルシウムの重量を１とすると、１：０．５～１０であることが好ましい。より好ましくは１：０．５～５であり、特に好ましくは１：２である。重量混合比が１：０．５であると二酸化炭素の吸収量を増大できるため好ましく、１：１０であると造粒物成形体の加工における煩雑さがなくなるため好ましい。 The weight mixing ratio of calcium hydroxide to a silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups is preferably 1:0.5-10, assuming that the weight of calcium hydroxide is 1. It is more preferably 1:0.5-5, and particularly preferably 1:2. A weight mixing ratio of 1:0.5 is preferred because it increases the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed, and a weight mixing ratio of 1:10 is preferred because it eliminates the complexity of processing the granulated compact.
以下に、水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物を備える二酸化炭素吸収材を製造する方法を説明する。水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物の粉末を混合し、そこへ水を入れて塊状にし、塊状の混合物を篩に通して造粒体を形成する。 The following describes a method for producing a carbon dioxide absorbent that contains calcium hydroxide and a silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups. Powders of calcium hydroxide and a silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups are mixed together, water is added to form agglomerates, and the agglomerated mixture is passed through a sieve to form granules.
水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物との混合方法は、とくに限定されないが、乾式であるとより容易である。混合方法には、乳鉢混合や容器回転形混合、容器固定形混合（パドル、リボン、スクリューなどの適切な形状のカキマゼ機）又は気流の吹込みによって混合するもの、及びこれらの組合せによる複合形などを挙げることができる。混合によって材料が過度に粉砕されることを回避できる方法であればよい。 The method for mixing calcium hydroxide with a silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups is not particularly limited, but a dry method is easier. Examples of mixing methods include mortar mixing, rotating container mixing, fixed container mixing (a suitable shape of scraper such as a paddle, ribbon, or screw), mixing by blowing in an air current, and a combination of these. Any method that can avoid excessive grinding of the materials by mixing is acceptable.
造粒方法は特に限定されない。一例として、湿式造粒法である押出造粒、攪拌造粒、流動層造粒、転動造粒、又は、乾式造粒法、及び／又は、噴霧造粒法を挙げることができる。一般的には攪拌造粒や押出造粒などが多用される。また、造粒体内の重量含水率（以下含水率）を５％以上にするために、湿式で造粒するが、その時に加える水分量としては、水酸化カルシウムと水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物との混合重量を１００％とし、その約５％～１００％の重量と同重量の水分量を追加して調整することが好ましい。造粒体の含水率は、５％以上、１０％以上、１５％以上、２０％以上、２５％以上、又は、３０％以上であることが好ましい。含水率の上限は、造粒体が塊状を維持できる最大量であればよく、例えば、５０％以下、４５％以下、４０％以下、３５％以下とすることができる。含水率が５％以上であると、造粒体をハンドリングし易く、さらに室内湿度が低くても、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物由来の水分が水酸化カルシウムへ供与され、二酸化炭素を吸収できるようになるため好ましい。 The granulation method is not particularly limited. Examples include wet granulation methods such as extrusion granulation, stirring granulation, fluidized bed granulation, rolling granulation, or dry granulation and/or spray granulation. Generally, stirring granulation and extrusion granulation are widely used. In addition, in order to make the weight moisture content in the granules (hereinafter referred to as moisture content) 5% or more, wet granulation is performed. The amount of moisture added at that time is preferably adjusted by adding the same amount of moisture as about 5% to 100% of the weight of the mixture of calcium hydroxide and the silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group, which is set to 100%. The moisture content of the granules is preferably 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, or 30% or more. The upper limit of the moisture content may be the maximum amount at which the granules can maintain a lump shape, and can be, for example, 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, or 35% or less. A moisture content of 5% or more is preferable because it makes the granules easier to handle, and even if the indoor humidity is low, moisture from the silicate compound containing hydroxyl groups is provided to the calcium hydroxide, allowing it to absorb carbon dioxide.
湿式で造粒した場合は、取出しの際に適宜乾燥工程を設けてもよい。乾燥はドライヤーなどを使用してもよい。例えば１００℃のドライヤーで表面のみが乾くように、乾燥条件を適宜最適化する。その後使用しやすいように、分級工程を設けてもよい。分級には篩の目を通過するか否かで分けるのが簡便で好ましい。篩後の造粒体の大きさは、二酸化炭素の濃度にもよるが、カートリッジへの充填性を良好にし、空気を流れやすくするために、０．１ｍｍ～２０ｍｍの間で、単一粒度でも、組合せであってもよい。好ましくは０．１ｍｍ～１６ｍｍ、特に好ましくは、０．２５ｍｍ～４ｍｍである。 If the granules are granulated by a wet method, a drying step may be provided when the granules are removed. A dryer or the like may be used for drying. For example, the drying conditions are optimized as appropriate so that only the surface is dried using a 100°C dryer. A classification step may be provided for easier use afterwards. Classification is preferably performed by separating the granules according to whether they pass through a sieve or not, as this is simple. The size of the granules after sieving depends on the carbon dioxide concentration, but may be between 0.1 mm and 20 mm, and may be a single particle size or a combination of sizes, in order to improve the filling ability into a cartridge and facilitate the flow of air. The size is preferably between 0.1 mm and 16 mm, and particularly preferably between 0.25 mm and 4 mm.
二酸化炭素吸収の最適化には、例えば試料を時計皿に数ｇ置き、真空にできる容器を用意し、真空排気後、０．３％程度の窒素希釈二酸化炭素気体を導入し、二酸化炭素濃度をモニターしながら、吸収速度や最大吸収量を測定すればよい。バッチ式でも連続的に二酸化炭素を含む気体を導入してもよい。なお、二酸化炭素の吸収は水酸化カルシウムが水に溶け込んで水溶液となり起きる。 To optimize carbon dioxide absorption, for example, place a few grams of sample on a watch glass, prepare a container that can be evacuated, and after evacuating, introduce carbon dioxide gas diluted with about 0.3% nitrogen and measure the absorption rate and maximum absorption amount while monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration. Gas containing carbon dioxide can also be introduced continuously in a batch system. Carbon dioxide absorption occurs when calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution.
本願の二酸化炭素吸収材は、空調システムに組込むことができる。そのため、二酸化炭素吸収材を用いた新たな二酸化炭素低減方法は、一例をあげれば、空調設備内に二酸化炭素吸収材を充填したカートリッジをフィルタとして配管途中に配置し、既存の殺菌システムと組合せる。それにより、窓開けまでしなくとも、室内の二酸化炭素濃度を健康被害の出ない範囲まで低減することができる。すなわち、空調設備に、既存の殺菌システムと二酸化炭素吸収カートリッジを具備し、室内空間の殺菌は通常どおり常時行う。その上で、室内空気の二酸化炭素濃度が基準値以上となると電磁気的に空調回路を操作し、二酸化炭素吸収カートリッジを備えた空調回路を通して二酸化炭素濃度を基準値以下まで下げ、基準値以下となった場合には空調回路を閉じる。このようなシステムを備えたウエルネス空調システムを内蔵あるいは別ユニットとして取り付けることで実現可能となる。 The carbon dioxide absorbent of the present application can be incorporated into an air conditioning system. Therefore, as an example of a new carbon dioxide reduction method using a carbon dioxide absorbent, a cartridge filled with a carbon dioxide absorbent is placed in the middle of the piping of an air conditioning system as a filter, and combined with an existing sterilization system. This makes it possible to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the room to a range that does not cause health damage without having to open the windows. In other words, the air conditioning system is equipped with an existing sterilization system and a carbon dioxide absorption cartridge, and the indoor space is sterilized as usual at all times. Then, when the carbon dioxide concentration of the indoor air exceeds the standard value, the air conditioning circuit is electromagnetically operated to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration to below the standard value through the air conditioning circuit equipped with the carbon dioxide absorption cartridge, and when it falls below the standard value, the air conditioning circuit is closed. This can be realized by incorporating a wellness air conditioning system equipped with such a system or attaching it as a separate unit.
また、吸収された二酸化炭素は、加熱処理により、下記反応式（２）のとおり炭酸カルシウムから脱離することができる。よって、本願の二酸化炭素吸収材は、下記反応式（２）で離脱した二酸化炭素を原材料として回収して利用できることも特徴である。加熱処理には８００℃～９００℃の温度が必要であるが、ごみ焼却やセメント製造、製鉄製造などの排熱を利用してもよい。同時に、脱離した二酸化炭素は純粋な二酸化炭素なので、地下貯留の際に問題となる触媒毒などを含まないため容易に利用が可能であり、その他の多用途へ利用できる。さらに、本願の二酸化炭素吸収材は、下記反応式（３）のとおり、水酸化カルシウムの再生も可能とする。
Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２＋ＣＯ２ → ＣａＣＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ （１）
ＣａＣＯ３ → ＣａＯ＋ＣＯ２ （２）
ＣａＯ＋Ｈ２Ｏ → Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２ （３）
In addition, the absorbed carbon dioxide can be desorbed from calcium carbonate by heat treatment as shown in the following reaction formula (2). Therefore, the carbon dioxide absorbent of the present application is also characterized in that the carbon dioxide desorbed in the following reaction formula (2) can be recovered and used as a raw material. Although a temperature of 800°C to 900°C is required for the heat treatment, exhaust heat from waste incineration, cement production, iron manufacturing, etc. can also be used. At the same time, since the desorbed carbon dioxide is pure carbon dioxide, it does not contain catalyst poisons that are problematic in underground storage, and can be easily used for various other purposes. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide absorbent of the present application also enables the regeneration of calcium hydroxide as shown in the following reaction formula (3).
Ca(OH) 2 +CO 2 → CaCO 3 +H 2 O (1)
CaCO 3 → CaO+CO 2 (2)
CaO+H 2 O → Ca(OH) 2 (3)
本願の二酸化炭素吸収材は、本質的に、水酸化カルシウムと、水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物と、水分とからなる二酸化炭素吸収材であってもよい。なお、本明細書において、「～からなる」というときは、「本質的に～からなる（consisting essentially of）」を意味する。しかし、本願の二酸化炭素吸収材は、本発明の効果を奏する限り、消臭を目的とした活性炭や、殺菌、抗菌を目的とした光触媒材料やＡｇ担持ゼオライトなど、目的に合わせて第３の成分を含んでもよい。 The carbon dioxide absorbent of the present application may essentially consist of calcium hydroxide, a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group, and water. In this specification, the term "consisting of" means "consisting essentially of." However, the carbon dioxide absorbent of the present application may contain a third component according to the purpose, such as activated carbon for deodorization, or a photocatalyst material or Ag-loaded zeolite for sterilization or antibacterial purposes, as long as the effect of the present invention is achieved.
以下、実施例を用いて本発明を詳細に説明する。しかし本発明は、以下の実施例に記載された内容に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in detail below using examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the contents described in the following examples.
実施例１～実施例１４の二酸化炭素吸収材を下記のとおり製造した。
水酸化カルシウム：鹿１級、関東化学株式会社製
ゼオライト：クニミネゼオライト １５０、クニミネ工業株式会社製
珪藻土：粒径７０μｍ以下、稚内層珪藻頁岩と稚内珪藻岩との混合物、不焼成体
水（純水）：水道水、又は１８．３ＭΩ・ｃｍの超純水
The carbon dioxide absorbents of Examples 1 to 14 were produced as follows.
Calcium hydroxide: Grade 1, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Zeolite: Kunimine Zeolite 150, manufactured by Kunimine Kogyo Co., Ltd. Diatomaceous earth: Particle size 70 μm or less, mixture of Wakkanai Formation diatomaceous shale and Wakkanai diatomite, unfired Water (pure water): Tap water or ultrapure water of 18.3 MΩ cm
［実施例１］
（１）重量比が１：２となるように、水酸化カルシウムを４５０ｇ、ゼオライトを９００ｇ計量した。水酸化カルシウムとゼオライトの合計量を１００％とし、表１の割合と同重量の水を計量した。すなわち、実施例１では水を６７５ｇ（５０％）計量した（計量工程）。
（２）水酸化カルシウムとゼオライトの粉体をポリ袋にいれ１５分間よく振って、手混合により混合した（手混合工程）。
（３）スパルタンリューザー（ＲＭＯ－２Ｈ、不二パウダル株式会社製、２０Ｈｚ、１４００ｒｐｍ）を用いて混合物を混合・混錬した（混合・混錬工程）。まず、紛状の混合物を、ミキシングアームのみを使用して１分間混合した。次に、混合物に水を投入した後、チョッパーローターを稼動して２分間混錬した。
（４）同時に、攪拌造粒機であるスパルタンリューザーを用いて混錬した混合物を造粒した（造粒工程）。
（５）ミゼットドライヤー（ＭＤＢ－４００、株式会社ダルトン製）を用いて、入口温度１００℃で、出口温度が９０℃になるまで造粒体を乾燥させた（乾燥工程）。
（６）４ｍｍ／１ｍｍ／２５０μｍ／パンにて篩分けを行い、１ｍｍ～４ｍｍの造粒体を得た（分級工程）。
[Example 1]
(1) 450 g of calcium hydroxide and 900 g of zeolite were weighed out so that the weight ratio was 1:2. The total amount of calcium hydroxide and zeolite was taken as 100%, and water was weighed out in an amount equal to the ratio in Table 1. That is, in Example 1, 675 g (50%) of water was weighed out (weighing step).
(2) The calcium hydroxide and zeolite powders were placed in a plastic bag, shaken well for 15 minutes, and mixed by hand (hand mixing process).
(3) The mixture was mixed and kneaded using a Spartan Mixer (RMO-2H, Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd., 20 Hz, 1400 rpm) (mixing and kneading step). First, the powder mixture was mixed for 1 minute using only the mixing arm. Next, water was added to the mixture, and the chopper rotor was operated to knead for 2 minutes.
(4) At the same time, the kneaded mixture was granulated using a Spartan Granulator, which is an agitation granulator (granulation step).
(5) Using a Midget dryer (MDB-400, manufactured by Dalton Co., Ltd.), the granules were dried at an inlet temperature of 100° C. until the outlet temperature reached 90° C. (drying step).
(6) Sieving was carried out using 4 mm/1 mm/250 μm/pans to obtain granules of 1 mm to 4 mm (classification step).
［実施例２～１０]
実施例２～１０については、実施例１と同様に、表１に従い造粒体を作製した。ただし、実施例９～１０は、造粒工程において、攪拌造粒機に替えて押出造粒機（縦出し成形機、ユニバース株式会社製）を用いた。
[Examples 2 to 10]
For Examples 2 to 10, granules were prepared according to Table 1 in the same manner as in Example 1. However, for Examples 9 to 10, an extrusion granulator (vertical extrusion molding machine, manufactured by Universe Co., Ltd.) was used in place of the stirring granulator in the granulation process.
二酸化炭素吸収実験
実施例１～実施例１０の造粒体（二酸化炭素吸収材）に対して、以下のとおり、二酸化炭素吸収実験を行った。
（１）ＣＯ２センサーを備えたデシケーター（縦２８ｃｍ、横２６ｃｍ、高さ４１ｃｍ、空間体積２９８４８ｃｍ３、真空デシケーター ＶＬＨ型、アズワン株式会社製）内の空気を、真空ポンプを使用して抜いた。
（２）デシケーター内にＣＯ２ボンベを使用してＣＯ２３０００ｐｐｍを充満させた。
（３）デシケーター内に、実施例１の造粒体を３０ｇ設置した。
（４）ＣＯ２の損失分を補充するため、ＣＯ２ボンベを用いてＣＯ２が３０００ｐｐｍになるまで充満させた。
（４）デシケーター内のＣＯ２濃度を１時間測定した。前半の３０分は３０秒ごとに測定し、後半の３０分は１分ごとに測定した。
（５）測定開示時のＣＯ２濃度（３０００ｐｐｍ）から１時間後のＣＯ２濃度を引いた値をＣＯ２の吸収量とした。実施例１について３回測定を行い、３回の平均値を平均吸収量とした。なお、いずれの測定も室温（外部系から加熱も冷却もしていない状態の温度）で行った。
（６）実施例２～１０についても同様に測定を行い、平均吸収量を算出した。
Carbon Dioxide Absorption Experiments Carbon dioxide absorption experiments were carried out on the granules (carbon dioxide absorbents) of Examples 1 to 10 as follows.
(1) The air was removed from a desiccator equipped with a CO 2 sensor (length 28 cm, width 26 cm, height 41 cm, space volume 29,848 cm 3 , vacuum desiccator VLH type, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) using a vacuum pump.
(2) The desiccator was filled with 3,000 ppm of CO2 using a CO2 cylinder.
(3) 30 g of the granules of Example 1 was placed in a desiccator.
(4) To replenish the lost CO2 , a CO2 cylinder was used to fill the tank with CO2 until the concentration reached 3000 ppm.
(4) The CO2 concentration in the desiccator was measured for 1 hour. The CO2 concentration was measured every 30 seconds in the first 30 minutes, and every minute in the last 30 minutes.
(5) The value obtained by subtracting the CO2 concentration after one hour from the CO2 concentration (3000 ppm) at the start of the measurement was taken as the amount of CO2 absorption. Three measurements were taken for Example 1, and the average of the three measurements was taken as the average absorption amount. All measurements were taken at room temperature (a temperature without heating or cooling from an external system).
(6) The same measurements were carried out for Examples 2 to 10, and the average absorption amount was calculated.
実施例１～１０の平均吸収量を以下に示す。
実施例１～実施例１０の二酸化炭素吸収材は、導入二酸化炭素３０００ｐｐｍの半分以上を６０分間で吸収した。吸収量は、後述の実施例１１～１３と比較すると、約１．３倍増加した。すなわち、手混合よりも機械混合の方が優れた効果を示した。さらに、吸収量は、後述の比較例１～４と比較すると、約４倍増加した。 The carbon dioxide absorbents of Examples 1 to 10 absorbed more than half of the 3,000 ppm of carbon dioxide introduced in 60 minutes. The amount of absorption increased by about 1.3 times compared to Examples 11 to 13 described below. In other words, mechanical mixing was more effective than hand mixing. Furthermore, the amount of absorption increased by about 4 times compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 4 described below.
［実施例１１］
（１）重量比が２：１となるように、水酸化カルシウムを３０．０ｇ、珪藻土を１５．０ｇ計量した（計量工程）。
（２）水酸化カルシウムと珪藻土の粉体をポリ袋にいれ１５分間よく振って、手混合により乾式混合を行った（手混合工程）。
（３）混合物が塊状となり流動化しない程度となる最大量の水を添加し混錬した（混錬工程）。
（４）混錬した混合物を１６ｍｍ径の篩に通して造粒体を得た（分級・造粒工程）。
[Example 11]
(1) 30.0 g of calcium hydroxide and 15.0 g of diatomaceous earth were weighed out so that the weight ratio was 2:1 (weighing step).
(2) The calcium hydroxide and diatomaceous earth powders were placed in a plastic bag and shaken well for 15 minutes, after which they were dry mixed by hand (hand mixing process).
(3) The maximum amount of water that would prevent the mixture from becoming lumpy and fluid was added and kneaded (kneading step).
(4) The kneaded mixture was passed through a 16 mm sieve to obtain granules (classification and granulation process).
［実施例１２～１３］
実施例１２については、８ｍｍ径の篩を使用した以外は、実施例１１と同様に造粒体を作製した。実施例１３については、４ｍｍ径の篩を使用した以外は、実施例１１と同様に造粒体を作製した。
[Examples 12 to 13]
For Example 12, granules were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11, except that a sieve with a diameter of 8 mm was used. For Example 13, granules were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11, except that a sieve with a diameter of 4 mm was used.
実施例１１～１３についても同様に二酸化炭素吸収実験を行い、平均吸収量を算出した。平均吸収量を以下に示す。
実施例１１～実施例１３の二酸化炭素吸収材は、後述の比較例１～４と比較すると約３倍の吸収性能を有していることがわかる。さらに、実施例１１～実施例１３では、粒度が小さくなるほど平均吸収量が増加した。これは、造粒体を細かくしたことで、造粒体の表面積（すなわち二酸化炭素の吸収面）が増加したことによると考えられる。なお、実施例１１の造粒体は、２４時間後の二酸化炭素濃度を１ｐｐｍまで減少させた。 The carbon dioxide absorbents of Examples 11 to 13 have approximately three times the absorption capacity compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 4 described below. Furthermore, in Examples 11 to 13, the average absorption amount increased as the particle size became smaller. This is thought to be because the surface area of the granules (i.e., the carbon dioxide absorption surface) increased as the granules were made finer. The granules of Example 11 reduced the carbon dioxide concentration after 24 hours to 1 ppm.
［比較例１～４］
比較例１は、乾燥させた水酸化カルシウムの粉粒体である。ビーカーに収容した状態で、実施例１と同様に二酸化炭素吸収量を測定した。比較例２は、水で湿らせた水酸化カルシウムの粉粒体である。ビーカーに収容した状態で、実施例１と同様に二酸化炭素吸収量を測定した。比較例３は、一部を水で浸した水酸化カルシウムの粉粒体である。ビーカーに収容した状態で、実施例１と同様に二酸化炭素吸収量を測定した。比較例４は、一部を水で浸した水酸化カルシウムの粉粒体である。シャーレに収容した状態で、実施例１と同様に二酸化炭素吸収量を測定した。
[Comparative Examples 1 to 4]
Comparative Example 1 is a powder of dried calcium hydroxide. The carbon dioxide absorption amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 while it was placed in a beaker. Comparative Example 2 is a powder of calcium hydroxide moistened with water. The carbon dioxide absorption amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 while it was placed in a beaker. Comparative Example 3 is a powder of calcium hydroxide partially immersed in water. The carbon dioxide absorption amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 while it was placed in a beaker. Comparative Example 4 is a powder of calcium hydroxide partially immersed in water. The carbon dioxide absorption amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 while it was placed in a petri dish.
比較例１～４については、各１回ずつ二酸化炭素吸収実験を行った。吸収量を以下に示す。
比較例１の乾燥した水酸化カルシウムでは二酸化炭素を約５００ｐｐｍ吸収した。比較例２では、水酸化カルシウムに水を直接添加したことにより吸収量が増加したと考えられる。比較例３では、水で浸したことにより水酸化カルシウムの表面積（二酸化炭素の吸収面）が減少し、吸収量が減少したと考えられる。比較例４では、容器をシャーレにすることで吸収面が増加し、吸収量が増加したと考えられる。 The dried calcium hydroxide in Comparative Example 1 absorbed approximately 500 ppm of carbon dioxide. In Comparative Example 2, it is believed that the amount absorbed increased by adding water directly to the calcium hydroxide. In Comparative Example 3, it is believed that the surface area (carbon dioxide absorption surface) of the calcium hydroxide was reduced by soaking it in water, which reduced the amount absorbed. In Comparative Example 4, it is believed that the absorption surface was increased by using a petri dish as the container, which increased the amount absorbed.
図１に、二酸化炭素を理論吸収量の８０％まで吸収した場合の実施例３のＸ線回折結果を示す。実施例３造粒体では、二酸化炭素の吸収量に相当する炭酸カルシウム（ＣａＣＯ３）の開設ピーク（〇マーク参照）が観察された。二酸化炭素を吸収した結果として、カルサイト型の炭酸カルシウムが生成されたことがわかる。また、実施例３造粒体には、水酸化カルシウム（Ｃａ(ＯＨ)２）のピークが多く存在し、水酸化カルシウムの残量があることが確認された。このことから、さらにＣＯ２を吸収することが可能であると考えられる。二酸化炭素吸収材には、二酸化炭素の吸収後であっても外観上の膨れや崩壊などの変化はなかった。 FIG. 1 shows the X-ray diffraction results of Example 3 when carbon dioxide was absorbed up to 80% of the theoretical absorption amount. In the granules of Example 3, an open peak (see circle mark) of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) corresponding to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed was observed. It can be seen that calcite-type calcium carbonate was generated as a result of absorbing carbon dioxide. In addition, the granules of Example 3 had many peaks of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), confirming that there was a residual amount of calcium hydroxide. From this, it is considered that it is possible to absorb further CO 2. The carbon dioxide absorbent did not show any changes in appearance, such as swelling or collapse, even after absorbing carbon dioxide.
本発明の技術範囲は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更を加えることが可能である。 The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
水酸化カルシウムと、
水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物とを備え、
重量含水率が、少なくとも２０％であり、
前記水酸化カルシウムと前記水酸基を含むケイ酸塩化合物との重量混合比は、水酸化カルシウムの重量を１とすると、１：０．５～１０である、
二酸化炭素吸収材。 A carbon dioxide absorbent that absorbs carbon dioxide contained in the air,
Calcium hydroxide,
and a silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group ,
The weight moisture content is at least 20%;
The weight mixing ratio of the calcium hydroxide to the silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group is 1:0.5 to 10, where the weight of the calcium hydroxide is 1.
Carbon dioxide absorbent.
請求項１に記載の二酸化炭素吸収材。 The carbon dioxide absorbent has an oversieve particle size of 0.1 mm or more and an undersieve particle size of 20 mm or less.
The carbon dioxide absorbent according to claim 1.
請求項１又は請求項２に記載の二酸化炭素吸収材。 The silicate compound containing a hydroxyl group is at least one selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and clay minerals.
The carbon dioxide absorbent according to claim 1 or 2 .
フィルタ。 The carbon dioxide absorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is provided.
filter.
前記フィルタは、二酸化炭素を含む前記空気の流路に配置される、
空調システム。 A filter according to claim 4 ,
The filter is disposed in a flow path of the air containing carbon dioxide.
Air conditioning system.
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| JP2001502237A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 2001-02-20 | インターサージカル リミテッド | Manufacturing process of chemical absorbent and new chemical absorbent formulation |
| JP2018501082A (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2018-01-18 | インターサージカル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Chemical absorbent |
| JP2021062374A (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2021-04-22 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Carbon dioxide sorbents for indoor air quality control |
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| JP2001502237A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 2001-02-20 | インターサージカル リミテッド | Manufacturing process of chemical absorbent and new chemical absorbent formulation |
| JP2018501082A (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2018-01-18 | インターサージカル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Chemical absorbent |
| JP2021062374A (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2021-04-22 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Carbon dioxide sorbents for indoor air quality control |
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