JP7343465B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building in which air is circulated between an underfloor space and an attic space using a hollow layer that is a space other than a living space.

Patent Document 1 and the like describe a house that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin. The hollow layer includes an underfloor space, an attic space, and a wall space that communicates the underfloor space with the attic space. The underfloor space includes an underfloor ventilation opening that penetrates the concrete foundation, and the underfloor ventilation opening includes an opening/closing part that opens and closes the underfloor ventilation opening. During the rainy season and summer, in order to prevent the surface of the underfloor concrete that makes up the underfloor space from cooling below the outside air dew point temperature, when the outside temperature drops, the underfloor ventilation openings are blocked to block the intake of outside air into the underfloor space. There is. This suppresses the drop in underfloor temperature and prevents condensation from forming in the underfloor space.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-211104

The house disclosed in Patent Document 1 controls the airflow formed in the hollow layer in consideration of the rainy season, summer season, etc. in Japan. However, in a house like the one described in Patent Document 1 with an insulated concrete foundation, the outside temperature does not rise even in summer due to weather such as rain and cloudiness, and when the temperature under the floor gets low, the underfloor ventilation hole cannot be opened and the temperature cannot be maintained. In addition, high humidity conditions tend to continue. Particularly during the rainy season in hot and humid regions, if the underfloor temperature remains low, there is a risk of condensation forming. Furthermore, even in general regions other than hot and humid regions, if the low temperatures continue from the rainy season to the summer, there is a risk that high humidity conditions will continue and dew condensation will occur. As described above, the housing described in Patent Document 1 does not take into consideration the environment from the rainy season in hot and humid regions and from the rainy season to the summer in general regions. Therefore, depending on the environmental conditions, there is a risk that dew condensation may form on the subfloor concrete surface of the concrete foundation.

Furthermore, it does not take into account the further drop in temperature under the floor due to living in a room where the entire building is air-conditioned. That is, due to air conditioning, the living space remains at a low temperature all day long, and the space under the floor becomes cold, and there is a risk that condensation may form on the surface of the concrete under the floor.

In order to solve the above problems, a building according to the present invention is a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin, wherein the hollow layer has an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space, and a cylindrical body that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space separately from the wall space, and the hollow The layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air, and the outer wall forming the outer skin includes a first outer wall and a second outer wall facing in a direction different from the first outer wall, The first outer wall is an outer wall that receives less solar radiation throughout the day than the second outer wall, and the cylindrical body is arranged closer to the first outer wall than the second outer wall.

According to the above configuration, when the hollow layer is configured as a closed space, solar radiation is irradiated onto the second outer wall portion in the inner wall space of the second outer wall portion where the influence of solar radiation is large and the amount of solar radiation is large throughout the day. The air inside the wall warmed by this creates an upward airflow to the attic space, and the inner wall space and cylindrical body of the first outer wall part where the influence of solar radiation is small and the amount of solar radiation is small throughout the day creates a downward airflow to the underfloor space. is formed. As a result, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space can be lowered.

In the above building, for example, the cylindrical body includes an exposed portion exposed to the living space or a space communicating with the living space, and the living space is an air-conditioned living space. According to the above configuration, in the exposed portion, the air inside the cylindrical body is cooled by, for example, air in the living space that is air-conditioned by an air conditioner. This facilitates the formation of a downward airflow from the attic space to the underfloor space.

In the above building, the exposed portion may be arranged in the living space at a position closer to the floor than to the ceiling. According to the above configuration, the room temperature tends to be lower near the floor in the living space than near the ceiling, so by locating the exposed part near the floor, the air inside the cylindrical body can be It can be cooled by the air in the space. Thereby, the downward airflow within the cylindrical body can be promoted.

In the above building, the cylindrical body may be configured to include a duct fan that forms an airflow from the attic space to the underfloor space or from the underfloor space to the attic space. . According to the above configuration, when convection is difficult to form between the attic space and the underfloor space, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space is mixed by driving the duct fan and forming an airflow inside the cylindrical body. can.

In the above building, at least one of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the sensor being disposed in at least one of the attic space and the underfloor space, and a detected value of the sensor; The duct fan may be configured to include a control section that controls the duct fan. According to the above configuration, the control unit drives the duct fan according to the detection value detected by the sensor, so that the air in the attic space and the underfloor space can be mixed. The sensor is preferably provided preferentially in the underfloor space from the viewpoint of controlling the temperature and humidity of the underfloor space and suppressing dew condensation.

The above-mentioned building may be configured to include a vent that communicates the hollow layer with the living space provided with an air conditioner, and an opening/closing section that opens and closes the vent. According to the above configuration, when the humidity in the hollow layer is higher than the humidity in the living space, the humidity in the hollow layer can be lowered by opening the vent.

In the above building, the hollow layer may include a ventilation opening that is opened and closed by an opening/closing part. According to the above configuration, the hollow layer can be configured as a closed space by blocking the ventilation opening. Therefore, during the rainy season in hot and humid areas and from the rainy season to the summer in general areas, convection can easily be formed between the attic space and the underfloor space while suppressing the infiltration of humid air from the outdoors into the hollow layer. As a result, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space can be lowered.

In order to solve the above problems, a building according to the present invention is a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin, wherein the hollow layer has an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space, and a cylindrical body that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space separately from the wall space, and the hollow The layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air, and the cylindrical body may be placed in an air-conditioned living space that is air-conditioned among the plurality of living spaces or a space that communicates with the air-conditioned living space. exposed.

According to the above configuration, when the hollow layer is configured as a closed space, the cylindrical body exposed to the air-conditioned living space or the space communicating with the air-conditioned living space is As the air inside the cylindrical body is cooled, the air temperature inside the cylindrical body decreases and a downward air current is formed into the underfloor space. An updraft is formed. As a result, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space can be lowered.

In order to solve the above problems, a building according to the present invention is a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin, wherein the hollow layer has an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space, and a cylindrical body that communicates the underfloor space and the attic space separately from the wall space, and the hollow The layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air, and the outer wall forming the outer skin includes a first outer wall and a second outer wall facing in a direction different from the first outer wall, The first outer wall is an outer wall that has a smaller average solar heat gain coefficient during the cooling period in each direction than the second outer wall, and the cylindrical body has a lower average solar heat gain coefficient with respect to the first outer wall than the second outer wall. are located close to each other.

According to the above configuration, when the hollow layer is configured as a closed space, solar radiation is irradiated onto the second outer wall portion in the inner wall space of the second outer wall portion where the average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period is high. The air inside the walls warmed by this creates an upward airflow into the attic space, and a downward airflow into the underfloor space is generated in the inner wall space and cylindrical body of the first outer wall part where the average solar heat gain rate is low during the cooling season. is formed. As a result, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space can be lowered.

According to the present invention, it is possible to lower the relative humidity in the underfloor space and suppress the occurrence of dew condensation.

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a building according to an embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan cross-sectional view schematically showing a building according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part showing an exposed part of a cylindrical body. A vertical cross-sectional view of a building illustrating airflow inside the building during the rainy season when solar radiation hits the exterior wall. A vertical cross-sectional view of a building illustrating airflow inside the building during the rainy season when solar radiation does not hit the outer wall. A vertical cross-sectional view of a building illustrating airflow inside the building while sunlight hits the exterior wall during the dry season.

Hereinafter, a house to which a building according to the present invention is applied will be explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a building to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view.

House 1 is a house suitable for hot and humid regions such as Okinawa Prefecture, Kyushu, and areas on the Pacific coast from Shikoku to Kanto (areas 7 and 8 of the regional standards in the next generation energy saving standards). This house 1 is a two-story wooden house. The house 1 includes a concrete foundation 2, an outer wall 3, and a roof 4 as an outer skin. The concrete foundation 2 is a foundation whose main components include a bottom plate portion, a rising portion, etc., and which is insulated. The main components of the roof 4 are tiles, waterproof cloth, roofing boards, etc. Further, the inside of the outer wall 3 and the roof 4 is provided with a heat insulating material 5. Specifically, on the inside of the roof 4, the heat insulating material 5 is provided between tiles and waterproof cloth. Further, inside the outer wall 3, the heat insulating material 5 is provided between the exterior base material and the pillars. In the wall portion, an interior material 6 is provided inside the heat insulating material 5.

The house 1 includes an underfloor space 11 configured inside a concrete foundation 2, a plurality of living spaces 12 configured inside an interior material 6, and an attic space 13 configured in an attic. A plurality of living spaces 12 are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor.

An outer ventilation layer 16 is formed between the heat insulating material 5 and the outer wall 3 and roof 4. Further, a hollow layer 17 is formed between the heat insulating material 5 and the interior material 6. The hollow layer 17 is a space other than the living space 12 inside the heat insulating material 5, and includes an underfloor space 11, an attic space 13, and a wall space 14 that communicates the underfloor space 11 and attic space 13. It is equipped with Further, the hollow layer 17 includes a cylindrical body 31 that communicates the attic space 13 and the underfloor space 11 separately from the wall space 14 .

The outer wall 3 extends from the top of the concrete foundation 2 toward the roof, and the lower end opening 16a of the outer ventilation layer 16 is located at the top of the concrete foundation 2, as an example. The upper end opening 16b of the outer ventilation layer 16 is located at the top of the roof, for example. For example, the outer ventilation layer 16 does not communicate with the underfloor space 11, the attic space 13, and the inner wall space 14 that constitute the hollow layer 17. Further, the lower end opening 16a and the upper end opening 16b are always open, and outside air can always flow through them. In the outer ventilation layer 16, the distance between the heat insulating material 5 and the outer wall 3 is 15 mm to 25 mm, preferably 18 mm or more. Further, the distance between the heat insulating material 5 and the roof 4 is 15 mm to 50 mm, preferably 30 mm or more.

An underfloor space 11 surrounded by a concrete foundation 2 is provided with one or more underfloor ventilation ports 21. The underfloor ventilation opening 21 is provided to penetrate the concrete foundation 2 and communicates the outdoors with the underfloor space 11. An underfloor duct 22 extending into the underfloor space 11 is connected to the underfloor ventilation opening 21 . The underfloor duct 22 includes an underfloor opening/closing section 23 that opens and closes the passage of the underfloor duct 22. The underfloor opening/closing section 23 is, for example, an electric shutter, and its opening/closing is controlled by the control section 51 . The underfloor opening/closing part 23 blocks off the underfloor space 11 from outdoor air when the passage of the underfloor duct 22 is closed, and communicates the outdoors with the underfloor space 11 when the passage of the underfloor duct 22 is opened.

The living space 12 is divided into multiple sections within the house 1. As an example, a plurality of living spaces 12 are provided on the first floor and on the second floor. Each living space 12 is surrounded by interior material 6. The living space 12 on the first floor is less affected by sunlight hitting the roof 4 than the living space on the second floor, and the room temperature tends to be lower. Furthermore, since the living space 12 on the first floor is close to the underfloor space 11, the relative humidity tends to be higher than that of the living space 12 on the second floor. Furthermore, some of the living spaces 12 have an air conditioner 18 installed therein. By installing and operating an air conditioner 18 in the living spaces 12 on the first and second floors, it is possible to dehumidify and lower the room temperature during the rainy season. By installing an air conditioner 18 in the living spaces 12 on the first and second floors, an air-conditioned living space 12a can be configured.

Further, among the plurality of living spaces 12, at least the air-conditioned living space 12a on the first floor is provided with a vent 15 communicating with the underfloor space 11. The vent 15 includes an opening/closing part 15a that opens and closes the vent 15. For example, when the air-conditioned living space 12a has lower humidity than the underfloor space 11, the opening/closing part 15a is opened and the underfloor space 11 and the air-conditioned living space 12a are communicated through the vent 15, thereby lowering the relative humidity of the underfloor space 11. be able to. The opening/closing unit 15a may be a manual shutter that opens and closes the vent 15, but here it is an electric shutter that opens and closes under the control of the control unit 51.

The attic space 13 includes one or more attic openings 24 . The attic opening 24 is provided to penetrate the outer wall 3 and the heat insulating material 5 of the attic space 13, and communicates the outdoors with the attic space 13. The attic opening 24 is connected to an attic duct 25 extending into the attic space 13. The attic duct 25 is equipped with an exhaust fan 26. The exhaust fan 26 exhausts the air from the attic space 13 when driven.

In the houses shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is assumed that the walls face north, south, east, and west, and that there are no surrounding or adjacent obstacles such as high-rise buildings that greatly block solar radiation. Throughout the year, the north wall receives less solar radiation throughout the day (the amount of solar energy a certain surface receives in a day) than the south wall. Here, the outer wall 3 that constitutes the north wall is the first outer wall 3a, and at least one of the outer walls 3 that constitute the east wall, the outer wall 3 that constitutes the west wall, and the outer wall 3 that constitutes the south wall. is the second outer wall and is 3b. The amount of solar radiation on the first outer wall 3a throughout the day is smaller than the amount of solar radiation on the second outer wall 3b throughout the day even during the summer solstice.

Furthermore, the average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period for each direction, which indicates the amount of solar radiation entering the house, is also smaller for the first outer wall 3a than for the second outer wall 3b.
The underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13 are communicated with each other by an inner wall space 14. In the wall interior space 14, the distance between the heat insulating material 5 and the interior material 6 is, for example, the size of a 105 mm to 120 mm square material as a column. In the wall constructed between the outer wall 3 and the interior material 6, the north wall is a wall in a direction with poor lighting, so there is a tendency to install plumbing equipment, etc., and as a result, openings such as windows in the wall There is a tendency for the opening ratio of the area to become smaller. The opening ratio here is the ratio of the opening area to the total area of the wall (outer skin) in each direction.

A cylindrical body 31 is arranged in the hollow layer 17 . The cylindrical body 31 is, for example, a metal hose made of stainless steel or the like. It is also a hose made of resin such as polyvinyl chloride. Moreover, it is a pipe that connects a part of a resin hose and a metal hose. The diameter of the cylindrical body 31 is 90 mm or more and 200 mm or less, preferably 150 mm. The cylindrical body 31 allows the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13 to communicate with each other. The cylindrical body 31 can also be partially attached with a latent heat storage material. When the latent heat storage material is attached, the air inside the cylindrical body 31 can be cooled for a certain period of time even after the cooling is stopped.

The cylindrical body 31 is arranged closer to the first outer wall 3a than to the second outer wall 3b in each direction. As an example, in a plane section, the shortest distance between the center O of the cylindrical body 31 and the outer skin E or wall core C of the first outer wall 3a is L1, and the distance between the center O of the cylindrical body 31 and the second outer wall 3b in each direction is L1. When the shortest distance from the outer skin E or the wall core C is defined as L2, the cylindrical body 31 is arranged such that at least a portion of the cylindrical body 31 satisfies the relationship L1<L2.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cylindrical body 31 is partitioned inside the interior material 6 and arranged in a storage space 32 such as a pipe space that communicates the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13. The storage space 32 constitutes a part of the hollow layer 17, for example. A portion of the cylindrical body 31 is adjacent to the air-conditioned living space 12a, and is exposed to the conditioned air of the air-conditioned living space 12a. Specifically, at the position of the air-conditioned living space 12a, the storage space 32 is configured as a partitioned space 34 whose upper and lower parts are closed. In the divided space 34, the boundary with the air-conditioned living space 12a is partitioned off by the interior material 6, and a ventilation section 33 such as a louver is provided. Furthermore, the divided space 34 is partitioned from the hollow layer 17 by closing its upper and lower ends, so that the air in the storage space 32 communicating with the hollow layer 17 does not enter the air-conditioned living space 12a. ing. A portion of the cylindrical body 31 that is exposed to the partitioned space 34 is an exposed portion 31a, and the exposed portion 31a is exposed to the conditioned air of the conditioned living space 12a. The partitioned space 34 configured in this manner is located closer to the floor than to the ceiling, even in the air-conditioned living space 12a on the second floor. This is because cooled conditioned air tends to stay near the floor.

If the air-conditioned living space 12a has an inner wall that runs along the first outer wall 3a, the storage space 32 is also provided vertically in a straight line from the first floor to the second floor, and the cylindrical body 31 that passes through the storage space 32 is also It will have a linear shape. In addition, if the air-conditioned living space 12a does not have an inner wall that runs along the first outer wall 3a, the storage space 32 is constructed by combining a straight portion and a bent portion so that a portion adjacent to the first outer wall 3a and a portion adjacent to the air-conditioned living space 12a are connected to each other. It is constructed so that the parts communicate with each other. The cylindrical body 31 is also piped with a combination of straight parts and bent parts in accordance with the shape of the storage space 32.

The living space 12 or the air-conditioned living space 12a in which the cylindrical body 31 is arranged has an inner wall along the first outer wall 3a and does not have an inner wall along the second outer wall 3b, that is, a first outer wall. A space facing only 3a is preferred. This is because the first wall including the first outer wall 3a has a small amount of solar radiation throughout the day and an average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period for each direction, and the opening ratio also tends to be small, making it difficult for the room temperature to rise. .

Further, when the space in which the cylindrical body 31 is arranged is a living space including an inner wall along the first outer wall 3a and an inner wall along the second outer wall 3b, it is preferably the air-conditioned living space 12a. If the air conditioner 18 is not installed in the living space, the room temperature will rise due to sunlight entering through the glass or the like in the openings of the second wall including the second outer wall 3b. This is because even if the cylindrical body 31 is arranged closer to the first outer wall 3a than the second outer wall 3b, the desired cooling efficiency of the cylindrical body 31 may not be achieved. When the air conditioner 18 is not provided, it is preferable to provide the openings so as to lower the opening ratio of the second wall including the second outer wall 3b.

The cylindrical body 31 includes a duct fan 35. The duct fan 35 forms a downward airflow from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 11 or an upward airflow from the underfloor space 11 to the attic space 13 under the control of the control unit 51 . For example, in the rainy season, on a cloudy day with little sunlight, or at night, it is driven to form a downward air current within the cylindrical body 31.

An underfloor sensor 41 is arranged in the underfloor space 11. The underfloor sensor 41 is at least one of a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a mold sensor. The detection value of the underfloor sensor 41 is input to the control section 51. The living space 12 also includes an indoor sensor 42 similar to the underfloor sensor 41. In the air-conditioned living space 12a, the indoor sensor 42 may be included in the air conditioner 18, or may be provided separately from the air conditioner 18. Furthermore, an outdoor sensor 43 similar to the underfloor sensor 41 is provided outdoors. The outdoor sensor 43 is provided on the outer wall 3. Furthermore, the attic space 13 is also provided with an attic sensor 44 similar to the underfloor sensor 41.

The house 1 includes a control section 51. The control unit 51 includes a memory for storing a control program, an operation unit for inputting operation signals, and a communication unit for communicating with devices such as a remote control device, sensors 41 to 44, and an external server. The controller includes a controller that executes a control program according to an operation signal. The operation unit is an operation panel installed on the inner wall or a remote control device. The control unit 51 includes an opening/closing unit 15a that opens and closes the vent 15 provided in the air-conditioned living space 12a, an underfloor opening/closing unit 23 that opens and closes the underfloor ventilation 21, an exhaust fan 26 provided in the attic space 13, and a duct provided in the cylindrical body 31. Controls the operation of the fan 35 and the like.

Furthermore, the detection values of the sensors 41 to 44 are input to the control unit 51. In other words, in the case of a temperature sensor, the temperature of the space in which the temperature sensor is installed, in the case of a humidity sensor, the relative humidity of the space in which the humidity sensor is installed, and in the case of a mold sensor, the mold index (mold growth) of the space in which the mold sensor is installed. (index determined from the correlation between the temperature and the relative humidity) is input.

The control section 51 includes a date and time determination section for specifying the date and time. As an example, the control unit 51 determines the rainy season and the dry season according to the calendar stored in the date and time determination unit. Then, according to the determination result, the in-frame mode, which will be described later, is selected during the rainy season, and the under-floor mode, which will be described below, is selected during the dry season. Here, the rainy season period is from rainy season to summer to autumn, and the dry season period is from autumn to winter to spring. Specifically, the rainy season period is, for example, from May 1st to October 31st, and the dry season period is from November 1st to April 30th. Furthermore, the control unit 51 defines a rainy season period and a dry season period for each region. This house 1 is designed for a hot and humid region, but in Japan, even in a hot and humid region, the temperature and humidity environments differ between Okinawa Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture depending on the season. Therefore, the control unit 51 switches between the in-frame mode and the under-floor mode by providing a period definition table in memory that defines the rainy season period and the dry season period for each region, and switches between the in-frame mode and the under-floor mode depending on the date. . The area can be automatically specified when the control unit is equipped with a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiving unit.

The control unit 51 provides a time management table in memory that specifies the sunrise time and sunset time throughout the year, and switches the drive of the duct fan 35 at the sunrise time, sunset time, etc. The definitions of the sunrise time and sunset time here are updated by communicating with the external server every predetermined period. The time at which the duct fan 35 is driven may be the sunset time, a time earlier than the sunset time, or a time later than the sunset time. Further, the time to stop driving the duct fan 35 may be the sunrise time, a time earlier than the sunrise time, or a time later than the sunrise time. Here, for convenience, the time when the duct fan 35 starts driving is referred to as sunset time, and the time when driving stops is referred to as sunrise time.

Next, the operation of the house 1 configured as above will be explained.
The region and calendar date settings are initially set when you move in. Switching between the in-frame mode and the under-floor mode may be performed automatically by the control unit 51 with reference to the period definition table, or a mode switching instruction may be input using the operation unit.

In the in-frame mode, the control section 51 closes the underfloor opening/closing section 23 to isolate the underfloor space 11 from outside air, and stops driving the exhaust fan 26 . Thereby, the hollow layer 17 is made into a closed space from the outside air. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the duct fan 35 does not operate in the in-frame mode.

For example, in the rainy season, during the daytime from sunrise to sunset, if it is sunny, the outside temperature rises and the second outer wall 3b is irradiated with sunlight, so that the inner wall space 14 of the second outer wall 3b has no wall space. The internal air is warmed and an updraft is formed. Further, a downward air current is formed in the inner wall space 14 of the first outer wall 3a. Therefore, the control unit 51 stops driving the duct fan 35 at sunrise time, and generates natural convection in the hollow layer 17 during the daytime. That is, an upward air current is formed in the wall space 14 of the second outer wall 3b where the amount of solar radiation throughout the day and the average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period for each direction are large. Further, in the wall space 14 of the first outer wall 3a where the amount of solar radiation throughout the day and the average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period for each direction are small, a downdraft is formed. Furthermore, a descending airflow is also formed within the cylindrical body 31 near the first outer wall 3a. This promotes a downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31. In this way, the air in the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13 are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space 11 can be lowered.

FIG. 5 shows the operating state of the duct fan 35 at night in the in-frame mode. At night, since there is no sunlight, the relatively high temperature air warmed during the day stays in the attic space 13, and the temperature drops in the underfloor space 11, and relatively low temperature air stays there. Therefore, at night, it is difficult to form an upward airflow in the inner-wall space 14 of the second outer wall 3b, and it is difficult to form a downward airflow in the inner-wall space 14 and the cylindrical body 31 of the first outer wall 3a, where the amount of solar radiation is small throughout the day. . As the outside temperature decreases at night, the underfloor temperature of the underfloor space 11 also decreases. As a result, the dew point temperature also decreases, making it easier for dew to form on the concrete surface under the floor of the concrete foundation 2. Therefore, the control unit 51 drives the duct fan 35 so as to forcibly form a downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31 at sunset time. Thereby, the air in the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13 are mixed, and by raising the temperature of the underfloor space 11, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of dew condensation. In the in-frame mode shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the underfloor space 11 can be maintained at approximately 25° C. or higher during the rainy season in hot and humid regions, regardless of the weather or day or night, and the occurrence of dew condensation is suppressed.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which the duct fan 35 in the underfloor mode does not operate during the dry season. In the underfloor mode, the control section 51 opens the underfloor opening/closing section 23 to open the underfloor space 11 . Then, the exhaust fan 26 in the attic space 13 is driven to exhaust the air in the attic space 13. Then, outside air is taken into the underfloor space 11 through the underfloor ventilation opening 21. The air in the underfloor space 11 flows into the attic space 13 through the wall space 14 and the cylindrical body 31, and is exhausted from the attic opening 24.

In winter, the attic space 13 tends to become low temperature and high humidity due to radiation cooling, etc., but the control unit 51 drives the duct fan 35 to form an airflow from the underfloor space 11 to the attic space 13. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the low temperature and high humidity in the attic space 13. As an example, the control unit 51 drives the duct fan 35 to form an upward airflow from the underfloor space 11 to the attic space 13 when the relative humidity in the attic space 13 is equal to or higher than a threshold value.

Note that in the in-frame mode operated during the rainy season, one or more of the following controls can be performed using the detected values of the sensors 41 to 44.
- The control unit 51 sets the dew point temperature as a threshold value for the temperature of the underfloor space 11, and when the detected temperature detected by the underfloor sensor 41 is below the threshold value, the control unit 51 causes the duct fan 35 to generate a downward airflow into the cylindrical body 31. The underfloor temperature of the underfloor space 11 is raised. For example, it is executed when the rise in outside temperature is small, such as on cloudy or rainy days during the rainy season. Note that the threshold value here is set slightly higher than the actual dew point temperature, and the duct fan 35 is driven to form a downward airflow inside the cylindrical body 31 as a measure to suppress condensation before the actual dew point temperature is reached. You may also do so. Thereby, the occurrence of dew condensation in the underfloor space 11 can be suppressed.

- Regarding the relative humidity of the underfloor space 11, the control unit 51 sets the relative humidity at which mold is likely to grow as a threshold value, and when the detected humidity of the underfloor sensor 41 is equal to or higher than the threshold value, the control unit 51 causes the duct fan 35 to move into the cylindrical body 31. The air in the hollow layer 17 is mixed by driving to form a descending air current. Thereby, the occurrence of dew condensation in the underfloor space 11 can be suppressed. The threshold value here is 70%, for example. In addition, if a mold sensor is used, it is determined whether the mold index is equal to or higher than a threshold value (for example, mold index 5: 2 weeks until mold growth starts), and when the mold index is equal to or higher than the threshold value, the duct fan 35 is moved inside the cylindrical body 31. The air in the hollow layer 17 is driven to form a descending air current, and the air in the hollow layer 17 is mixed. Thereby, the occurrence of dew condensation in the underfloor space 11 can be suppressed. In this way, when the relative humidity of the underfloor space 11 is biased toward the high side, the control section 51 drives the duct fan 35 to lower the relative humidity even during the daytime.

- When the difference between the detected temperature detected by the attic sensor 44 and the detected temperature detected by the underfloor sensor 41 is smaller than a threshold value, and the temperature difference is small, the control unit 51 moves the duct fan 35 up and down into the cylindrical body 31. The air in the hollow layer 17 is mixed by driving to form an air current or a descending air current. For example, the temperature difference becomes smaller when the rise in outside temperature is small, such as on a cloudy or rainy day. Thereby, the occurrence of dew condensation in the underfloor space 11 can be suppressed.

- When the temperature detected by the attic sensor 44 becomes higher than the room temperature of the living space 12 on the top floor (here, the second floor) detected by the indoor sensor 42, the control unit 51 causes the duct fan 35 to move inside the cylindrical body 31. The temperature of the attic space 13 is lowered by driving it to form an upward and downward air current.

- When the outside temperature detected by the outdoor sensor 43 is higher than the threshold value (for example, 28° C.), the control unit 51 drives the duct fan 35 to form an upward and downward airflow in the cylindrical body 31, and the attic space 13 lower the temperature.

- When the relative humidity of the air-conditioned living space 12a detected by the indoor sensor 42 is lower than the relative humidity detected by the underfloor sensor 41, the control section 51 opens the opening/closing section 15a and supplies dehumidified air to the underfloor space 11. to lower the relative humidity in the underfloor space 11.

The house 1 as described above can obtain the effects listed below.
(1) When the hollow layer 17 is configured as a closed space as in the in-frame mode, the in-wall air is heated in the in-wall space 14 in the part of the second outer wall 3b where the influence of solar radiation is large. An upward air current toward the attic space 13 is formed, and a downward air flow of intra-wall air toward the underfloor space 11 is formed in the inner wall space 14 and the cylindrical body 31 in the portion of the first outer wall 3a where the influence of solar radiation is small. Ru. Thereby, the air in the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13 are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space 11 can be lowered. That is, the relative humidity in the underfloor space 11 can be lowered without using outside air. Furthermore, the relative humidity in the underfloor space 11 can be lowered without using electricity.

(2) In the in-frame mode, the air inside the cylindrical body 31 is cooled in the exposed portion 31a by, for example, the air in the air-conditioned living space 12a that is air-conditioned by the air conditioner 18. This facilitates the formation of a downward airflow from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 11.

(3) In the living space 12, the room temperature tends to be lower near the floor than near the ceiling. By locating the exposed portion 31a near the floor, the cylindrical body 31 The air inside can be cooled by the air of the living space 12. Thereby, the downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31 can be promoted.

(4) The partitioned space 34 does not communicate with the hollow layer 17 because the upper and lower ends are closed. Therefore, unpurified air in the storage space 32, which is a part of the hollow layer 17, can be prevented from flowing into the air-conditioned living space 12a.

(5) In the in-frame mode, when convection is difficult to form between the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13, the duct fan 35 can be driven to mix the air in the underfloor space 11 and the attic space 13. Further, in the underfloor mode, by driving the duct fan 35 to form an upward and downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31, it is possible to suppress high humidity in the attic space 13.

(6) The control unit 51 can drive and control the duct fan 35 according to the detection values detected by the sensors 41 to 44.
(7) If the humidity in the hollow layer 17, for example the underfloor space 11, is higher than the humidity in the living space 12, the humidity in the hollow layer 17 can be lowered by opening the vent 15.

(8) By closing the underfloor ventilation port 21 and stopping the drive of the exhaust fan 26, a closed space can be created from an open space. That is, in the intra-frame mode, the hollow layer 17 can be made into a closed space. Furthermore, in the underfloor mode, by opening the underfloor ventilation port 21 and driving the exhaust fan 26, the hollow layer 17 can be opened.

In addition, the house 1 can be further modified and implemented as follows.
- When designing the house 1 on the site where the house 1 is to be constructed, the first exterior wall 3a or the first wall and the second exterior wall 3b or the second wall are designed to measure the amount of solar radiation throughout the day and the average solar heat gain during the cooling period for each direction. It may be defined using at least one condition of rate.

- The exposed part 31a may not be arranged in the divided space 34 but may be arranged so as to be directly exposed to the air-conditioned living space 12a.
- For the house 1, the cylindrical body 31 is not placed closer to the first outer wall 3a than the second outer wall 3b, but is air-conditioned regardless of the conditions of the first outer wall and the second outer wall 3b. It is sufficient to simply provide an exposed portion 31a that is exposed to the air-conditioned living space 12a or a space that communicates with the air-conditioned living space 12a. This is because, even with such a configuration, the cylindrical body 31 is cooled by the air in the air-conditioned living space 12a, and a downward airflow from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 11 is formed. In a house where the entire building is air-conditioned, by exposing the cylindrical body 31 to the living space 12, it becomes easier to cool the air inside the cylindrical body 31 and form a downward airflow in the cylindrical body 31. Of course, even in such a house, after construction, downdrafts are formed in the wall spaces 14 in directions where the amount of solar radiation throughout the day or the average solar heat gain rate during the cooling period for each direction is small.

・In the above example, it was assumed that the exterior walls of House 1 face east, west, north, south, and that there are no obstacles such as high-rise buildings in the surrounding area or adjacent to it that greatly block sunlight. being constructed. For example, in a densely populated area, houses may be built adjacent to each other in two or three directions. In such a case, the walls other than the north wall will be the first outer wall 3a or the first wall in the direction with the smallest amount of solar radiation throughout the day or the lowest average solar heat gain rate during the cooling season for each direction, and the walls other than the north wall will be may become the second outer wall 3b or the second wall.

- In the plan cross-section of the house 1, [cross-sectional area of the inner-wall space 14 at the first outer wall 3a portion]>[cross-sectional area of the inner-wall space 14 at each second outer wall 3b portion facing in a different direction than the first outer wall 3a] It may be designed to have the following relationship. Thereby, it is possible to easily form a descending air current in the inner-wall space 14 in the first outer wall 3a portion.

In the house 1, furthermore, [cross-sectional area of the wall space 14 in the first outer wall 3a portion + cross-sectional area of the cylindrical body 31]>[wall inner space in each second outer wall 3b portion facing in a different direction from the first outer wall 3a] 14 cross-sectional area]. This makes it easier to form a descending airflow. In this case, [the cross-sectional area of the inner-wall space 14 in the first outer wall 3a portion]<[the cross-sectional area of the inner-wall space 14 in each second outer wall 3b portion facing in a different direction from the first outer wall 3a].

・The shape of the site surrounded by the outer wall of the building is not limited to the rectangular shape described above, but may be concave, convex, or L-shaped, for example. It's okay. Even in the case of such a shape, the first outer wall 3a or the first wall is the outer wall or wall in the direction with the smallest amount of solar radiation throughout the day or the average solar heat gain coefficient during the cooling period for each direction, and The second outer wall 3b or the second wall is an outer wall or a wall in an orientation other than that defined for the first outer wall 3a or the first wall.

- In the house 1, there may be one cylindrical body 31, or a plurality of cylindrical bodies 31 may be provided. When a plurality of cylindrical bodies 31 are provided, the cylindrical body 31 provided with the ducted fan 35 and the cylindrical member 31 not provided with the ducted fan 35 may be provided.

- The house 1 does not need to be provided with the outer ventilation layer 16.
- The exhaust fan 26 may not be provided in the attic duct 25, but may be provided directly on the wall constituting the attic space 13, or may be provided at a position in the wall interior space 14. Further, the exhaust fan 26 may be omitted.

- In the underfloor space 11, the underfloor duct 22 may be omitted and the underfloor opening/closing part 23 may be provided directly to the underfloor ventilation opening 21.
- The underfloor ventilation opening 21 does not need to be provided in the underfloor space 11. In this case, a ventilation opening instead of the underfloor ventilation opening 21 may be provided in the wall space 14. Furthermore, in regions with high temperature and humidity throughout the year, the underfloor ventilation opening 21 or the ventilation opening in place of this may be omitted.

- The house 1 may omit at least one or all of the sensors 41 to 44. The sensors 41 to 44 may not all be of different types. As an example, the underfloor sensor 41 and the indoor sensor 42 may be a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the outdoor sensor 43 may be only a temperature sensor, and the attic sensor 44 may be a temperature sensor.

- The sensor may be provided at least in the underfloor space 11. This is because in order to suppress condensation in the underfloor space 11, it is sufficient to detect the relative humidity and temperature of the underfloor space 11 and control the duct fan 35 based on the detected values.

- When the sensors 41 to 44 are omitted, in order to control the duct fan 35, the control unit 51 periodically or constantly acquires weather information for the area of the house 1 from an external weather server, and performs operations according to the acquired weather information. Control may also be performed. As an example, in the in-frame mode, the control unit 51 drives the duct fan 35 to form a downward airflow inside the cylindrical body 31 when it is cloudy or rainy. Further, when the maximum temperature is equal to or higher than a threshold value (for example, 28° C.), the control unit 51 moves the duct fan 35 up and down into the cylindrical body 31 during a time period when the temperature is high (for example, from 11:00 to 16:00). It is driven to form an air current to lower the temperature of the attic space 13.

- When the sensors 41 to 44 are omitted, in order to control the duct fan 35, the control unit 51 uses the detected value of the illumination meter installed outdoors such as the roof 4 or the unit of the solar power generation system installed on the roof 4. Control may also be performed using the amount of power generated per hour. That is, in the intra-frame mode, when the detection value of the illumination meter is equal to or greater than the threshold during the daytime, the control unit 51 determines that it is sunny, stops driving the duct fan 35, and causes natural convection to occur in the hollow layer 17. Make it. Further, when the detected value of the illumination meter is less than the threshold value, the duct fan 35 is driven to forcibly form a downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31.

Further, in the in-frame mode, when the amount of power generation per unit time of the solar power generation system is equal to or greater than a threshold value during the daytime, the control unit 51 stops driving the duct fan 35 and causes natural convection to occur in the hollow layer 17. Do it like this. Further, when the amount of power generation is less than the threshold value, the duct fan 35 is driven to forcibly form a downward airflow within the cylindrical body 31.

- The control unit 51 may drive and control the duct fan 35 using a timer. That is, the control unit 51 starts driving the ducted fan 35 when the operation start date and time is set on the timer by the user, and stops driving the ducted fan 35 when the operation stop date and time is set on the timer by the user. At this time, the rotation direction of the duct fan 35, that is, whether to form a downward airflow or an upward airflow, is determined according to the user's setting.

- The control unit 51 may control the duct fan 35 according to the user's operation of a drive start button or a drive stop button.
- The duct fan 35 may perform an operation of forming at least an airflow from the underfloor space 11 to the attic space 13. Further, the duct fan 35 may be omitted.

- The exposed portion 31a may be provided at a position closer to the ceiling than the floor of the air-conditioned living space 12a due to the floor plan.
- A part of the cylindrical body 31 may be directly exposed to the air-conditioned living space 12a to form the exposed portion 31a. In this case, there is no need to provide the partitioned space 34.

- In the house 1, the compartment space 34 may be omitted from the storage space 32 in which the cylindrical body 31 is arranged, and the exposed portion 31a may not be provided.
- The house 1 is not limited to a wooden house, but may be a reinforced or steel-framed concrete house. Further, the house 1 is not limited to a house in a hot and humid region. Furthermore, the house may be a house of three or more stories. Moreover, the building is not limited to residential use.

According to the above-mentioned embodiment and its modification, the following technical idea is further derived.
(Additional note 1)
In a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin,
The hollow layer includes an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates between the underfloor space and the attic space, and a wall space that communicates the underfloor space with the attic space separately from the wall space. A cylindrical body,
The hollow layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air,
The wall includes a first wall and a second wall facing in a different direction from the first wall, and the first wall is an outer wall having a smaller opening ratio than the second wall,
The cylindrical body is arranged at a position closer to the first wall than the second wall.

In buildings, plumbing equipment is often installed on walls that have poor lighting due to obstacles such as the north side or adjacent buildings that block sunlight, and as a result, there are fewer openings such as windows. Therefore, the aperture ratio tends to become smaller. On the other hand, walls in directions such as east, west, and south where there are fewer obstacles blocking solar radiation tend to have more openings, and as a result, the opening ratio tends to increase. Since it can be said that the first wall having a small opening ratio is often less likely to receive solar radiation than the second wall, the cylindrical body is arranged at a position closer to the first wall than the second wall. As a result, an upward air current toward the attic space is formed by the warmed air inside the wall in the space within the second wall where the influence of solar radiation is large, and the space inside the wall of the first wall where the influence of solar radiation is small and A descending airflow toward the underfloor space is formed in the cylindrical body. As a result, the air in the attic space and the underfloor space are mixed, and the relative humidity in the underfloor space can be lowered.

C...Wall core E...Outer skin O...Center 1...House 2...Concrete foundation 3...Outer wall 3a...First outer wall 3b...Second outer wall 4...Roof 11...Underfloor space 12...Living space 12a...Air conditioned living space 13...Attic Space 14... Space inside the wall 16... Outer ventilation layer 17... Hollow layer 18... Air conditioner 21... Underfloor ventilation 23... Underfloor opening/closing part 24... Attic opening 31... Cylindrical body 31a... Exposed part 34... Compartment space 35... Duct Fan 41-44...Sensor

Claims (7)

In a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin,
The hollow layer includes an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates between the underfloor space and the attic space, and a wall space that communicates the underfloor space with the attic space separately from the wall space. A cylindrical body,
The hollow layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air,
The outer wall that constitutes the outer skin includes a first outer wall and a second outer wall facing in a different direction than the first outer wall, and the first outer wall is an outer wall that receives less solar radiation throughout the day than the second outer wall,
The cylindrical body is located closer to the first outer wall than the second outer wall , and includes an exposed portion exposed to the living space or a space communicating with the living space,
The living space is an air-conditioned living space.
Building. In a building that includes a living space and a hollow layer that is a space other than the living space inside the outer skin,
The hollow layer includes an underfloor space, an attic space, a wall space that communicates between the underfloor space and the attic space, and a wall space that communicates the underfloor space with the attic space separately from the wall space. A cylindrical body,
The hollow layer may constitute a closed space closed to the outside air,
The outer wall that constitutes the outer skin includes a first outer wall and a second outer wall facing in a different direction than the first outer wall, and the first outer wall is an outer wall that receives less solar radiation throughout the day than the second outer wall,
The cylindrical body is located closer to the first outer wall than the second outer wall,
Furthermore, it includes a vent that communicates the hollow layer with the living space provided with an air conditioner, and an opening/closing part that opens and closes the vent.
Building. The building according to claim 1 , wherein the exposed portion is located closer to the floor than to the ceiling in the living space. The cylindrical body includes a duct fan that forms an airflow from the attic space to the underfloor space or from the underfloor space to the attic space. Buildings listed. at least one of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the sensor being disposed in at least the attic space and the underfloor space;
The building according to claim 4, further comprising: a control unit that controls the duct fan according to the detected value of the sensor. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the hollow layer includes a ventilation opening that is opened and closed by an opening and closing section. at least one of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the sensor being disposed in the attic space;
and a control unit that controls the duct fan according to the detected value of the sensor.
The building according to claim 4.