JP7235391B2 - 人工的に操作された免疫細胞 - Google Patents
人工的に操作された免疫細胞 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7235391B2 JP7235391B2 JP2019561310A JP2019561310A JP7235391B2 JP 7235391 B2 JP7235391 B2 JP 7235391B2 JP 2019561310 A JP2019561310 A JP 2019561310A JP 2019561310 A JP2019561310 A JP 2019561310A JP 7235391 B2 JP7235391 B2 JP 7235391B2
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Description
例示的な実施形態として、本発明は、免疫細胞を人工的に操作するために使用される、免疫細胞操作用組成物を提供する。
細胞増殖
細胞毒性の増大
(b)人工受容体タンパク質を発現するための組成物は、人工受容体タンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含み得る。
(c)遺伝子操作用組成物は、PD‐1遺伝子、CTLA‐4遺伝子、DGKA遺伝子、DGKZ遺伝子、FAS遺伝子、EGR2遺伝子、PPP2r2d遺伝子、TET2遺伝子、PSGL‐1遺伝子、A20遺伝子およびKDM6A遺伝子から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの免疫調節遺伝子の核酸配列における配列識別番号1~289の標的配列に相同な、または、それとの相補結合を形成可能なガイド核酸、または、ガイド核酸をコードする核酸、ならびに、ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス由来Cas9タンパク質、カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・アウレウス由来Cas9タンパク質、ナイセリア・メニンジティディス由来Cas9タンパク質、および、Cpf1タンパク質から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのエディタータンパク質、または、エディタータンパク質をコードする核酸を含み得る。
「ガイドドメイン」という用語は、標的遺伝子または標的核酸における配列の一部と相補結合を形成可能な相補的ガイド配列を有するドメインであり、標的遺伝子または標的核酸と特異的に相互作用するよう機能する。例えば、ガイドドメインは、標的遺伝子または標的核酸の特異的なヌクレオチド配列を有する位置にガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体を誘導するよう機能できる。
「第1相補ドメイン」という用語は、以下で説明される第2相補ドメインに相補的なヌクレオチド配列を含むドメインであり、第2相補ドメインと二本鎖を形成するのに十分な相補性を有する。例えば、第1相補ドメインは、第2相補ドメインと少なくとも50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、または、95%以上の相補性または完全相補性を有するヌクレオチド配列であり得る。
「リンカドメイン」という用語は、2つ以上の同一または異なるドメインである2つ以上のドメインを接続する核酸配列である。リンカドメインは、共有結合または非共有結合によって2つ以上のドメインに接続され得るか、または、共有結合または非共有結合によって2つ以上のドメインを接続し得る。
「第2相補ドメイン」という用語は、上に記載した第1相補ドメインに相補的な核酸配列を含むヌクレオチド配列を含むドメインであり、第1相補ドメインと二本鎖を形成するのに十分な相補性を有する。例えば、第2相補ドメインは、第1相補ドメインと少なくとも50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、または、95%以上の相補性または完全相補性を有するヌクレオチド配列であり得る。
「近位ドメイン」という用語は、第2相補ドメインに隣接して位置するヌクレオチド配列である。
「尾部ドメイン」という用語は、ガイド核酸の両末端のうち1または複数の末端に位置するヌクレオチド配列である。
「gRNA」という用語は、標的遺伝子または標的核酸に関して、gRNA‐CRISPR酵素複合体、すなわち、CRISPR複合体を特異的に標的化可能な核酸を指す。加えて、gRNAは、CRISPR酵素に結合してCRISPR酵素を標的遺伝子または標的核酸へ誘導し得る核酸特異的RNAである。
二本鎖gRNAは第1鎖および第2鎖から成る。
5'‐[ガイドドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐3'
第2鎖は、以下から成り得る。
5'‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[近位ドメイン]‐3'、または、
5'‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[近位ドメイン]‐[尾部ドメイン]‐3'
5'‐(Ntarget)‐(Q)m‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)a‐(Ntarget)‐(X)b‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐3'
5'‐(Z)h‐(P)k‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)d‐(Z)h‐(X)e‐(P)k‐(X)f‐3'
5'‐(Z)h‐(P)k‐(F)i‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)d‐(Z)h‐(X)e‐(P)k‐(X)f‐(F)i‐3'
一本鎖gRNAは、第1の一本鎖gRNAおよび第2の一本鎖gRNAに分類され得る。
第1の一本鎖gRNAは、一本鎖gRNAであり、二本鎖gRNAの第1鎖および第2鎖は、リンカドメインによって連結される。
5'‐[ガイドドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐[リンカドメイン]‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐3'
5'‐[ガイドドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐[リンカドメイン]‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[近位ドメイン]‐3'、または、
5'‐[ガイドドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐[リンカドメイン]‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[近位ドメイン]‐[尾部ドメイン]‐3'
5'‐(Ntarget)‐(Q)m‐(L)j‐(Z)h‐3'
5'‐(Ntarget)‐(Q)m‐(L)j‐(Z)h‐(P)k‐3'、または、
5'‐(Ntarget)‐(Q)m‐(L)j‐(Z)h‐(P)k‐(F)i‐3'
5'‐(X)a‐(Ntarget)‐(X)b‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐(L)j‐(X)d‐(Z)h‐(X)e‐3'
5'‐(X)a‐(Ntarget)‐(X)b‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐(L)j‐(X)d‐(Z)h‐(X)e‐(P)k‐(X)f‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)a‐(Ntarget)‐(X)b‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐(L)j‐(X)d‐(Z)h‐(X)e‐(P)k‐(X)f‐(F)i‐3'
第2の一本鎖gRNAは、ガイドドメイン、第1相補ドメイン、および、第2相補ドメインから成る一本鎖gRNAであり得る。
5'‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐[ガイドドメイン]‐3'、または、
5'‐[第2相補ドメイン]‐[リンカドメイン]‐[第1相補ドメイン]‐[ガイドドメイン]‐3'
5'‐(Z)h‐(Q)m‐(Ntarget)‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)a‐(Z)h‐(X)b‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐(Ntarget)‐3'
5'‐(Z)h‐(L)j‐(Q)m‐(Ntarget)‐3'、または、
5'‐(X)a‐(Z)h‐(L)j‐(Q)m‐(X)c‐(Ntarget)‐3'
NGG(NはA、T、CまたはGである)
NNNNRYAC(Nは各々独立に、A、T、CまたはGであり、RはAまたはGであり、YはCまたはTである)
NNAGAAW(Nは各々独立にA、T、CまたはGであり、WはAまたはTである)
NNNNGATT(Nは各々独立にA、T、CまたはGである)
NNGRR(T)(Nは各々独立にA、T、CまたはGであり、RはAまたはGであり、YはCまたはTである)
TTN(NはA、T、CまたはGである)
(a)免疫調節遺伝子の標的配列と相補結合を形成し得るガイド核酸、または、それをコードする核酸配列
(b)1または複数のエディタータンパク質、または、それをコードする核酸配列
(a)免疫調節遺伝子の標的配列との相補結合を形成可能なgRNA、または、それをコードする核酸配列
(b)1または複数のCRISPR酵素、または、それをコードする核酸配列
NGG(NはA、T、CまたはG)
NNNNRYAC(Nは各々独立に、A、T、CまたはG、RはAまたはG、YはCまたはT)
NNAGAAW(Nは各々独立にA、T,CまたはG、WはAまたはT)
NNNNGATT(Nは各々独立にA、T、CまたはG)
NNGRR(T)(Nは各々独立にA,T、CまたはG、RはAまたはG、YはCまたはT)
TTN(NはA、T、CまたはG)
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
i)1または複数のヌクレオチドの欠失
ii)野性型遺伝子とは異なるヌクレオチドへの1または複数のヌクレオチドの置換
iii)1または複数のヌクレオチドの挿入、または、
iv)上のi)からiii)からの2以上の選択の組み合わせ
人工受容体は受容体ボディを含む。
人工受容体はシグナル生成部分を含み得る。
(i)1または複数の人工的に操作または改変された免疫調節遺伝子、および/または、その発現産物
(ii)人工受容体タンパク質、および/または、それをコードする核酸
(b)PD‐1遺伝子、CTLA‐4遺伝子、DGKA遺伝子、DGKZ遺伝子、FAS遺伝子、EGR2遺伝子、PPP2r2d遺伝子、TET2遺伝子、PSGL‐1遺伝子、A20遺伝子およびKDM6A遺伝子から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの免疫調節遺伝子を人工的に操作可能な遺伝子操作用組成物
(b')PD‐1遺伝子、CTLA‐4遺伝子、DGKA遺伝子、DGKZ遺伝子、FAS遺伝子、EGR2遺伝子、PPP2r2d遺伝子、TET2遺伝子、PSGL‐1遺伝子、A20遺伝子およびKDM6A遺伝子から成る群から選択される1または複数の遺伝子の核酸配列における配列識別番号1~289の標的配列に相同な、または、それとの相補結合を形成可能なガイド核酸
(b")ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス由来Cas9タンパク質、カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・アウレウス由来Cas9タンパク質、ナイセリア・メニンジティディス由来Cas9タンパク質、および、Cpf1タンパク質から成る群から選択される1または複数のタンパク質であるエディタータンパク質
(a)免疫細胞
(b)人工受容体発現用組成物または人工受容体タンパク質
(c)PD‐1遺伝子、CTLA‐4遺伝子、DGKA遺伝子、DGKZ遺伝子、FAS遺伝子、EGR2遺伝子、PPP2r2d遺伝子、TET2遺伝子、PSGL‐1遺伝子、A20遺伝子およびKDM6A遺伝子から成る群から選択される1または複数の免疫調節遺伝子を人工的に操作可能な遺伝子操作用組成物
(c')PD‐1遺伝子、CTLA‐4遺伝子、DGKA遺伝子、DGKZ遺伝子、FAS遺伝子、EGR2遺伝子、PPP2r2d遺伝子、TET2遺伝子、PSGL‐1遺伝子、A20遺伝子およびKDM6A遺伝子から成る群から選択される1または複数の免疫調節遺伝子の核酸配列における配列識別番号1~289の標的配列に相同な、または、それとの相補結合を形成可能なガイド核酸
(c")ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス由来Cas9タンパク質、カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス由来Cas9タンパク質、ストレプトコッカス・アウレウス由来Cas9タンパク質、ナイセリア・メニンジティディス由来Cas9タンパク質、および、Cpf1タンパク質から成る群から選択される1または複数のタンパク質であるエディタータンパク質
免疫が著しく低下した患者の場合、軽度な感染でも致命的結果をもたらすことがり得る。免疫低下は、免疫細胞の機能低下、免疫細胞生産量の低下などによって引き起こされる。免疫を増強して免疫機能の劣化を治療するための方法として、1つの方法は、正常免疫細胞の生産を活性化する恒久的治療方法であり得て、別の方法は、免疫細胞が一時的に注射される一時的治療方法であり得る。
免疫細胞操作技法は、HIV、プリオン、癌などの病原体のための完全な治療が知られていない疾患を治療するための方法を提供し得る。これらの疾患の病原体は知られているが、抗体がほとんどと形成されない、疾患が急激に進行して患者の免疫系を不活性化する、病原体が身体において潜伏期間を有するという問題があるため、多くの場合、これらの疾患は治療が難しい。操作された免疫細胞は、これらの問題を解決するための強力な手段であり得る。
外部で抽出された免疫細胞を使用する治療方法に加えて、生体の遺伝子を操作することによって、免疫細胞の発現に直接影響する治療方法であり得る。そのような治療方法は、遺伝子を操作するための遺伝子修正組成物を身体に直接注射することによって実現され得る。
CRISPR RGENツール(Institute for Basic Science、韓国)を使用して、ヒトPD‐1遺伝子(PDCD1、NCBIアクセッション番号NM_005018.2)、CTLA‐4遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_001037631.2)、A20遺伝子(TNFAIP3、NCBIアクセッション番号NM_001270507.1)、Dgk‐アルファ遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_001345.4)、Dgk‐ゼータ遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_001105540.1)、EGR2遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_000399.4)、PPP2r2d遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_001291310.1)、PSGL‐1遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NP_001193538.1)、TET2遺伝子(NCBIアクセッション番号NM_017628.4)のCRISPR/Cas9標的領域を選択し、オフターゲット試験によって推定した。CRISPR/Cas9標的領域について、ヒトゲノム(GRCh38/hg38)におけるオンターゲット配列領域を除き、0、1、または2bpのミスマッチ部位が無いDNA配列をsgRNAの標的領域として選択した。
2つの相補的オリゴヌクレオチドをアニールして延長することによって、sgRNA合成のための鋳型をPCR増幅した。
EGFRvIII陽性U87 MG膠芽腫細胞株(U87vIII)をCelther Polskaから購入した。A375Pメラノーマ細胞株をKorean Cell line Bankから購入した。10%ウシ胎児血清アルブミン(FBS)を含むDMEM培地において細胞株を培養した。
CD8ヒンジと融合された抗EGFRVIII scFv、4‐1BBおよびCD3ζドメインを含む融合タンパク質139CAR、ならびに、NY‐ESO‐1を標的化するc259 TCRコンストラクトは、Sampson, Choi et al. (Sampson et al. 2014, Rapoport, Stadtmauer et al. 2015)の研究を参考にした。コドン最適化cDNA CARおよびTCRコンストラクトをpLVXベクターでサブクローニングした。Lipofectamine2000(ThermoFisher Scientific)を使用して、レンチウイルスベクターおよびヘルパープラスミドを293T細胞にトランスフェクトし、トランスフェクトされた293T細胞を培養することによってレンチウイルス産生培養上清を取得した。培養上清の取得後、レンチウイルスを含む培養上清を、スクロースを含むバッファ(100mM、NaCl、0.5mMエチレンジアミンTETRA酢酸[EDTA]、50mM Tri‐HCl、pH7.4)に4:1の比で加え、10000gを4時間にわたって4℃で遠心分離した。遠心分離後、上清を除去し、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を加えた後に再懸濁した。
ヒト末梢血T細胞(pan‐T細胞)はSTEMCELL TECHNOLOGIESから購入した。50U/mLのhIL‐2、5ng/mLのhIL-7、FBSを加えたRPMI培地において、解凍したT細胞を活性化前に一晩培養した。抗CD3/28Dynabeads(ThermoFisher Scientific)が細胞を活性化するために使用され、10%FBSを加えたRPMI培地において、3:1の比(ビード:細胞)で使用された。活性化の24時間後、100μg/mLのレトロネクチンで被覆されたプレートにおいて、T細胞を139‐CARレンチウイルスと48時間にわたって混合した。刺激の3日後にビードを除去した。Amaxa P3 Primary Cellキットおよび4D‐Nucleofecter (ロンザ)を使用して電気穿孔を実行した。Cas9リボ核タンパク質(RNP)複合体を形成するために、40μgの組み換えS.pyogenes Cas9(Toolgen)および10μgの化学的に合成されたtracr/crRNA(Integrated DNA Technologies)を20分にわたってインキュベートした。プレインキュベートされたCas9 RNP複合体を、P3バッファに再懸濁した3×106個の刺激されたT細胞に加えた。プログラムEO‐115を使用して、Cas9 RNP複合体を細胞の核に導入した。電気穿孔後、50U/mLのhIL-2、5ng/mLのhIL‐7、および、10%FBSを加えたRPMI培地において、5×105細胞/mLで、細胞を播種した。試験において使用されたcrRNAの標的配列は、DGKα:CTCTCAAGCTGAGTGGGTCC、DGKζ:ACGAGCACTCACCAGCATCCである。
別段の定めが無い限り、細胞染色は、1% FBSを加えたPBSにおいて、4℃で実行した。フローサイトメトリーおよび機能的研究のための抗体および薬剤のリストは、CellTrace CFSE/Far red(ThermoFisher)、7‐AAD(Sigma)、抗CD3:UCHT1(BD)、抗CD4:RPA‐T4(BD)、抗CD8:HIT8a(BD)、抗CD56:B159(BD)、抗NKG2D:1D11(Biolegend)、抗CD45RO:UCHL1(BD)、抗CCR7:150513(BD)、抗PD‐1:EH12.2H7(Biolegend)、抗CD25:M‐A251(BD)、抗Fas:Dx2(BD)、抗CD107a:H4A3(Molecular Probes)、抗EGFRviii:(Biorbyt)、ヤギ抗ヒトIgG:(Biorad)である。データをAttune NxT Acoustic Focusing Cytometerから取得し、FlowJoを使用して解析した。
U87vIIIおよびA375PをCellTrace Far red(Invitrogen)で染色した。指示された比で、腫瘍細胞株をT細胞と共培養し、2×104~5×104個の腫瘍細胞株を、U‐bottom96ウェルプレートにおいて、ウェルごとに分注した。指示されたエフェクター:標的(E:T)比で、休止139CAR‐T細胞およびc259T細胞を各標的細胞に追加した。18時間の共培養の後に細胞を採取し、生存/死亡細胞を識別するために7‐アミノアクチノマイシンで染色した。試料をAttune NxT Acoustic Focusing Cytometerで測定し、FlowJoで解析した。細胞毒性は、[(%lysis sample%lysis minimum)/(%lysis max [100%]-%lysis minimum]×100%の式を使用して計算した。試験を3回繰り返した。共培養の後に採取した培養上清は、ELISAキット(Biolegend)を使用してIL‐2およびIFN‐γの分泌量を計測するために使用した。Celltraceで標識した139CAR‐T細胞を、増殖アッセイのためにU87vIII細胞と共に4日間にわたって共培養し、フローサイトメトリーを使用して139CAR‐T細胞におけるCelltraceの分布を評価した。
連続的な腫瘍試験のために、IL‐7培地において、3:1の比(E:T)で、139 CAR‐TをU87vIIIと共培養した(0日目)。4日目に、139CAR‐T細胞を採取し、IL‐7培地において、同一のE:T比で、U87vIIIと共に再度共培養した。IFN‐γおよびIL‐2の放出を評価するために、第1および第2の腫瘍接種の24時間後、培養上清を個々に採取した。
T細胞のTCR遠位シグナルを評価するべく、1:2の比(ビード:細胞)で、抗CD3活性ビード(Miltenyi Biotec)を使用することによって、15分間および60分間にわたって、1×106個の細胞を活性化した。ERK、pERK、およびGAPDHを測定するべく、RIPA lysisおよび抽出バッファを使用して、細胞溶解液を調製した。試験において使用されたすべての抗体は、Cell Signalingから購入した。
T細胞カルシウム流入の計測を、カルシウムアッセイキット(BD)マニュアルに従って実行した。簡潔に説明すると、T細胞をRPMI培地で洗浄し、同一の培地に再懸濁し、色素と共に37℃で1時間インキュベートした。非処理細胞からFITCシグナルの基本的な基準を取得した後に、ビード:細胞が5:1の比となるように、抗CD3活性ビード(Miltenyi Biotec)を加え、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。フローサイトメトリーから採取したデータは、kineticモードを使用してFlowJoソフトウェアで解析した。
RNAシーケンシングのために、1:1の比(ビード:細胞)でヒトT活性化因子抗CD3/28Dynabeads(Thermofisher)を使用して、1×106個の細胞を48時間にわたって活性化した。RNeasy Mini Kit(Qiagen)を使用してRNAを抽出し、製造元の指示(ABI)に従ってcDNAを生成した。TaqMan遺伝子発現解析キット/プローブセット(Thermofisher)を使用してリアルタイムPCRを実行した。各遺伝子の発現は、GAPDH発現で正規化した。ここで、試験に使用したプライマーは、hDGKα F:5'‐AATACCTGGATTGGGATGTGTCT‐3'、hDGKα R:5'‐GTCCGTCGTCCTTCAGAGTC、hDGKζF:5'‐GTACTGGCAACGACTTGGC‐3'、hDGKζR:5'‐GCCCAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGTT‐3'、hβF:5'‐GGCACTCTTCCAGCCTTC‐3'、hβR:5'‐TACAGGTCTTTGCGGATGTC‐3'、ID2:Hs00747379_m1、PRDM1:HS00153357_m1、IL10:00174086_m1、IFNG:Hs00174143_m1、IL2:HS00174114である。
DNeasy Tissue kit(Qiagen)を使用してヒトT細胞のゲノムDNAを分離した。1000μlの反応溶液(NEB3.1バッファ)において、ゲノムDNA(20μg)をCas9タンパク質(10μg)、crRNA(3.8μg)、および、tracrRNA(3.8μg)で処理し、37℃で4時間にわたって培養した。消化されたDNAは、RNase A(50μg/mL)で37℃で30分間にわたって培養し、DNeasy Tissue kitで精製した。消化されたDNAは、Covarisシステムを使用して断片化し、ライブラリを形成するためにアダプタに接続した。DNAライブラリは、THERAGEN ETEXにおいて、Illumina HiSeq × Ten Sequencerを使用して、全ゲノム配列に適用された。Bamファイルを形成するべく、ver. 01.14.03.12; Human genome reference, hg19 from UCSC (original GRCh37 from NCBI, Feb. 2009), Mouse genome reference, mm10 from UCSC; Base quality cutoff, 15; Keep duplicate reads, yes; Variable read length support, yes; Realign gaps, no;およびAdaptor clipping, yes (adaptor: 5'‐AGATCGGAAGAGC‐3', 5'‐GCTCTTCCGATCT‐3')のパラメータを使用することによって、Isaac alignerを使用した。
U87vIII腫瘍モデルについては、100μL PBSの体積で、6~8週齢の雌NSCマウスの右脇腹に1×106個のU87vIII細胞を皮下注射した(0日目)。移植後の28日目に、腫瘍の大きさは150±50mm2に達し、マウスをランダムにグループ化した。各グループは6~8匹のマウスから成り、腫瘍の大きさは同様であった。5×106個のT細胞、139 AAVS1 CAR‐T細胞、および、139 DGKαζ CAR T細胞を、28日目および32日目に、各グループにそれぞれ静脈内(IV)または腫瘍内(IT)注射した。139AAVS1 CAR‐T細胞および139DGKαζ CAR T細胞についてのCARの表面発現を識別した(表面CAR発現範囲:25%~70%)。32日目から35日目まで毎日、すべてのマウスにテモゾロミド(TMZ)(Sigma)を腹腔内投与した(0.33mg/マウス/日)。カリパスを用いて、腫瘍の大きさを週に2回モニタリングした。腫瘍の大きさが2000mm3に達したときにマウスを死亡させた。in vivo送達後のCAR‐T細胞の追加的研究のために、末梢血、脾臓および腫瘍組織を各マウスから分離した。腫瘍組織を分離するべく、はさみを用いて腫瘍試料を切り、37℃の水槽において、100U/mLコラゲナーゼIVおよび20U/ml Dnaseと共に1時間にわたって処理した。その後、追加調査のために細胞を無菌細胞ストレーナに通した。脾臓から細胞を分離するべく、無菌プランジャを用いて組織を破砕し、無菌細胞ストレーナに通した。溶血のために、ACKバッファ溶液(150mM NH4Cl、10 mM KHCO3、1 mM EDTA、pH 7.2)で細胞懸濁液を更に5分間処理した。腫瘍浸潤T細胞のエフェクター機能を解析するべく、腫瘍組織から解離した細胞を、CO2培養器において50ng/ml PMAおよび1μg/mLイオノマイシンと共に5時間にわたって再活性化し、細胞内IFN‐γおよびTNFαの染色を実行した。
Claims (13)
- (a)免疫細胞
(b)人工受容体のタンパク質、または、前記人工受容体のタンパク質をコードする核酸、および、
(c)DGKA遺伝子およびDGKZ遺伝子から選択される少なくとも1つの免疫調節遺伝子を人工的に操作可能な遺伝子操作用組成物
を接触させる段階を備え、前記組成物は、
DGKA遺伝子またはDGKZ遺伝子のエクソン領域における標的配列をターゲット可能なガイド核酸であって、前記ガイド核酸は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113(TはUに変更される)から選択される核酸配列の1番目から20番目の塩基からなるガイドドメイン、第1相補ドメイン、リンカードメイン、第2相補ドメインを含む、ガイド核酸、
および、
ガイド核酸とガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体を形成できるエディタータンパク質であって、前記ガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体は前記標的配列への改変を誘導でき、前記標的配列は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113から選択される核酸配列の1番目から20番目の塩基であり、
前記エディタータンパク質は、ストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネス由来Cas9タンパク質である、エディタータンパク質、
を含む、
操作された免疫細胞を産生するためのex vivоまたはin vitrоで実行される方法。 - 前記人工受容体は、A33、ALK、αフェトプロテイン(AFP)、アドレナリン受容体β3(ADRB3)、葉酸受容体α、AD034、AKT1、BCMA、ベータ‐ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン、B7H3(CD276)、BST2、BRAP、CD5、CD13、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD24、CD30、CD33、CD38、CD40、CD44v6、CD52、CD72、CD79a、CD79b、CD89、CD97、CD123、CD138、CD160、CD171、CD179a、炭酸脱水酵素IX(CAIX)、CA‐125、癌胎児性抗原(CEA)、CCR4、C型レクチン様分子(CLL‐1またはCLECL1)、claudin6(CLDN6)、CXORF61、CAGE、CDX2、CLP、CT‐7、CT8/HOM‐TES‐85、cTAGE‐1、ERBB2、上皮増殖因子受容体(EGFR)、EGFRバリアントIII(EGFRvIII)、上皮細胞接着分子(EPCAM)、E74様因子2変異(ELF2M)、A型エフリン受容体2(EphA2)、EMR2、Fms様チロシンキナーゼ3(FLT3)、FCRL5、ファイブリン1、G250、GD2、糖タンパク質36(gp36)、糖タンパク質100(GP100)、糖質コルチコイド誘導性腫瘍壊死因子受容体(GITR)、GPRC5D、GloboH、Gタンパク質共役受容体20(GPR20)、GPC3、hsp70‐2、ヒト高分子量メラノーマ関連抗原(HMWMAA)、A型肝炎ウイルス細胞表面受容体1(HAVCR1)、ヒトパピローマウイルスE6(HPV E6)、ヒトパピローマウイルスE7(HPV E7)、HAGE、HCA587/MAGE‐C2、hCAP‐G、HCE661、HER2/neu、HLA‐Cw、HOM‐HD‐21/Galectin9、HOM‐MEEL‐40/SSX2、HOM‐RCC‐3.1.3/CAXII、HOXA7、HOXB6、Hu、HUB1、インスリン成長因子(IGF1)‐I、IGF‐II、IGFI受容体、インターロイキン13受容体サブユニットアルファ2(IL‐13Ra2またはCD213A2)、インターロイキン11受容体アルファ(IL‐11Ra)、IGLL1、KIT(CD117)、KM‐HN‐3、KM‐KN‐1、KOC1、KOC2、KOC3、LAGA‐1a、LAGE‐1、LAIR1、LILRA2、LY75、MUC1、MN‐CA IX、M‐CSF、MAGE‐1、MAGE‐4a、メソテリン、MAGE‐A1、MAD‐CT‐1、MAD‐CT‐2、MART1、MPPl1、MSLN、神経細胞接着分子(NCAM)、NY‐ESO‐1、NY‐ESO‐5、Nkp30、NKG2D、NY‐BR‐1、NY‐BR‐62、NY‐BR‐85、NY‐CO‐37、NY‐CO‐38、NNP‐1、NY‐LU‐12、NY‐REN‐10、NY‐REN‐19/LKB/STK11、NY‐REN‐21、NY‐REN‐26/BCR、NY‐REN‐3/NY‐CO‐38、NY‐REN‐33/SNC6、NY‐REN‐43、NY‐REN‐65、NY‐REN‐9、NY‐SAR‐35、o‐アセチル‐GD2ガングリオシド(OAcGD2)、OGFr、PSMA、前立腺酸性フォスファターゼ(PAP)、p53、前立腺癌腫瘍抗原1(PCTA‐1)、前立腺幹細胞抗原(PSCA)、セリンプロテアーゼ21(testisinまたはPRSS21)、血小板由来増殖因子受容体ベータ(PDGFRベータ)、PLAC1、パネキシン3(PANX3)、PLU‐1、ROR‐1、RAGE‐1、RU1、RU2、Rab38、RBPJカッパ、RHAMM、ステージ特異的胎児抗原‐4(SSEA‐4)、SCP1、SSX3、SSX4、SSX5、Tyrp‐1、TAG72、サイログロブリン、ヒトテロメラーゼ逆転写酵素(hTERT)、5T4、腫瘍関連糖タンパク質(TAG72)、チロシナーゼ、トランスグルタミナーゼ5(TGS5)、TEM1、TEM7R、甲状腺刺激ホルモン受容体(TSHR)、Tie2、TRP‐2、TOP2A、TOP2B、ウロプラキン2(UPK2)、ビメンチン、血管内皮増殖因子受容体2(VEGFR2)、ウィルムス腫瘍タンパク質1(WT1)、および、ルイス(Y)抗原から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの抗原に対する結合特異性を有する、請求項1に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- 前記人工受容体はキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)である、請求項1または2に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- 前記ガイド核酸、前記人工受容体、および、前記エディタータンパク質から選択される少なくとも1つは、それらの各々をコードする核酸の形態である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- 前記核酸配列は、レトロウイルス、レンチウイルス、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)、ワクチニアウイルス、ポックスウイルスまたは単純ヘルペスウイルスから成る群から選択されるウイルスベクターに含まれる、請求項4に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- 前記組成物は、ガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体の形態である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- 前記接触は、
前記人工受容体のタンパク質をコードする前記核酸に前記免疫細胞を接触させること、および、
前記遺伝子操作用組成物に前記免疫細胞を接触させること
を順次に実行することである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。 - 前記接触は、電気穿孔、リポソーム、プラスミド、ウイルスベクター、ナノ粒子、および、タンパク質移行ドメイン(PTD)融合タンパク質法から選択される少なくとも1つの方法によって実行される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の操作された免疫細胞を産生するための方法。
- DGKA遺伝子およびDGKZ遺伝子から選択される少なくとも1つの人工的に設計された免疫調節遺伝子、および/または、前記人工的に設計された免疫調節遺伝子から発現される産物と、
少なくとも1つの人工受容体タンパク質、および/または、前記人工受容体タンパク質をコードする核酸と
を備える、操作された免疫細胞であって、
前記少なくとも1つの人工的に設計された免疫調節遺伝子は、前記免疫調節遺伝子のヌクレオチド配列における人工的改変を含み、
前記人工的改変は、DGKA遺伝子またはDGKZ遺伝子の野性型のヌクレオチド配列に基づいて、ヌクレオチド配列領域における少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの欠失および/または挿入であり、
前記ヌクレオチド配列領域は、前記免疫調節遺伝子のエクソン領域に位置する1bp~50bpであり、
前記ヌクレオチド配列領域は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113から選択される、
操作された免疫細胞。 - 前記人工的改変は、前記ヌクレオチド配列領域における少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの欠失である、請求項9に記載の操作された免疫細胞。
- 前記DGKA遺伝子は、配列番号23に人工的改変を含み、
前記DGKZ遺伝子は、配列番号113に人工的改変を含む、
請求項9に記載の操作された免疫細胞。 - DGKA遺伝子またはDGKZ遺伝子のエクソン領域における標的配列をターゲット可能なガイド核酸であって、前記ガイド核酸は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113(TはUに変更される)から選択される核酸配列の1番目から20番目の塩基からなるガイドドメイン、第1相補ドメイン、リンカードメイン、第2相補ドメインを含む、ガイド核酸、
ガイド核酸とのガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体を形成できるエディタータンパク質であって、前記ガイド核酸‐エディタータンパク質複合体は、前記標的配列への改変を誘導できる、エディタータンパク質と、
人工的に調製された、野性型受容体でない人工受容体と
を備える、免疫細胞を操作するための組成物であって、
前記標的配列は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113から選択される核酸配列の1番目から20番目の塩基である、
免疫細胞を操作するための組成物。 - 操作された免疫細胞および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、ウイルス感染症、プリオン病原体によって引き起こされる疾患、または癌から選択される免疫疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、
前記操作された免疫細胞は、
DGKA遺伝子およびDGKZ遺伝子から選択される少なくとも1つの人工的に設計された免疫調節遺伝子、および/または前記人工的に設計された免疫調節遺伝子から発現される産物、および
少なくとも1つの人工受容体タンパク質、および/または、前記人工受容体タンパク質をコードする核酸、を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの人工的に操作された免疫調節遺伝子は、前記免疫調節遺伝子のヌクレオチド配列における人工的改変を含み、
前記人工的改変は、DGKA遺伝子またはDGKZ遺伝子の野性型のヌクレオチド配列に基づいて、ヌクレオチド配列領域の少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの挿入および/または欠失であり、
前記ヌクレオチド配列領域は、前記免疫調節遺伝子のエクソン領域に位置する1~50bpであり、
前記ヌクレオチド配列領域は、配列番号19、20、21、23、109、110、111、112および113から選択される、
医薬組成物。
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