JP7211955B2 - Tools for machining objects - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tool for machining an object, the tool having a number of fingers arranged in layers, the fingers being spaced apart in the layers.

Burrs can occur during machining of the workpiece. Sharp edges typically lead to injury during component handling and/or impairment in subsequent processing steps (eg, edge thinning during powder coating, inaccurate fit, etc.).

In the category of deburring, components are deburred. Burr removal often requires a two-step approach. In a first step, primary burrs are removed, followed by secondary burrs. The second step is required because the primary burr is reformed rather than completely chipped off. In addition to deburring, what is often called edge rounding is also required to meet additional quality requirements.

Deburring and rounding machines are used in the field of 2D and sometimes 3D workpiece deburring and edge rounding. In this type of machine, a grinding belt unit or plate unit with grinding belts or grinding discs is generally used to remove the primary burr, followed by a secondary burr or edge rounding using a deburring or rounding tool. removed or produced by Edge rounding becomes important as the radius increases. The quadratic relationship between radius and chip volume imposes considerable demands on the tools used. Doubling the edge radius quadruples the chip volume.

In order to achieve a relatively large edge rounding with a given tool and workpiece, the rounding tool has as long a duration of operation (low feed rate) as possible and is moderately deep with respect to the edge of the workpiece. You must operate the machine to move forward. Longer operating times and deeper advances result in longer processing times, increased tool wear, and unwanted heat introduction into the workpiece.

Additionally, low feed rates for edge rounding are not proportional to primary burr removal. Removal of primary burrs can be performed at feed rates between 1 and 10 m/min and for rounded edges between 0.2 and 0.5 m/min. of feedrates are implemented.

For 2D and sometimes 3D workpiece deburring and edge rounding of metallic materials with varying workpiece contours, tools with abrasive materials in combination with abrasive cloths and abrasive fleeces are mainly used in the prior art. . In most applications, the abrasive contains as the main element an abrasive means on a base. The abrasive is partly used in a web-slot design and is provided with a soft intermediate or support layer (eg abrasive fleece, Tampico fiber) so that the abrasive can be adapted to the contours of the workpiece. The tools can be designed in the form of rolls, plates or blocks according to the respective machining principle or machining unit.

Despite the various possibilities for constructing the tool (e.g. graining of the abrasive cloth, abrasive fleece density, etc.), the polishing rates to date have not been satisfactory, so low feed rates and deep Work must be done with a deep infeed. These process parameters compromise the economic efficiency of the deburring and rounding process.

The object of the present invention is a tool for machining, preferably for deburring and/or edge rounding, which provides a higher feed rate for the same edge rounding or a more pronounced edge for the same feed rate. edge) is to be specified. It is a further object to identify methods for deburring and rounding the edges of workpieces within process steps.

This object is achieved by a tool for machining an object according to claim 1, a method for removing secondary burrs according to claim 31, and a deburring and rounding method according to claim 32. be done. The dependent claims specify advantageous developments of the invention.

According to the invention, a tool is specified for machining an object. The tool comprises a number of finger layers each extending in a layer area. Each of the finger layers has a plurality of fingers. Advantageously, each layer region has at least 3, particularly preferably at least 5, fingers. A layer region can be thought of as the region of the finger layer over which the fingers extend, preferably in the unflexed state of the fingers. The convex covering of the fingers in the layer area can here advantageously be considered as a spanned surface. According to the invention, the finger layers are arranged one behind the other such that the layer areas of adjacent finger layers overlap at least in area. This means that the fingers also overlap, although this does not necessarily have to be the case. This means that the projection of a finger layer onto an adjacent finger layer in a direction perpendicular to the finger layer overlaps the adjacent finger layer. Thus, there are areas of adjacent finger layers that are now covered by the projection. The overlap of adjacent layers can be perfect, but need not be. For example, in the case of block-shaped tools, also described below, there may be a complete overlap, whereas in the case of plate-shaped and cylindrical tools, also described below, there is usually only a partial overlap. Preferably, the layer area is planar. Advantageously, in the unflexed state of the fingers, the finger layers themselves do not overlap each other.

According to the invention, each finger layer has a plurality of fingers. The latter are configured to be bendable from an undeflected state in directions that stand above the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers, i.e., in directions that stand neither parallel to nor within the layer regions. For example, the directions in which the fingers can bend can stand perpendicular to the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers. Preferably, the direction in which each finger can bend can stand perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the finger and/or perpendicular to the surface of the finger at each position of the finger. The surface of the finger here is preferably its largest surface, ie the surface on which said finger extends flat. The undeflected state of a finger is the state in which the finger is completely within the layer area of the finger layer to which it belongs. A finger can be considered to be a bendable tongue, for example.

According to the invention, the fingers are each of planar design and, in the unflexed state, extend within the layer area of the finger layer to which they belong. The fact that the fingers are of planar design means that they are flat, i.e. they extend more in the direction of the layer area of the finger layer to which they belong than in the direction perpendicular to the layer area, and are usually very large. It means that it is extended.

In the unflexed state, the fingers of the same finger layer preferably extend parallel to each other. The fingers are advantageously of an elongated design, which means that the fingers are in a direction within the layer area, rather than perpendicular to that direction, preferably perpendicular to the layer area. , means that it extends significantly. The extent to which a finger is greater within the layer area is referred to below as the longitudinal direction of the corresponding finger. In such a configuration, the respective longitudinal directions of the fingers of the same finger layer are parallel to each other in the unflexed state. Advantageously, the edges of the fingers of the same finger layer also run parallel to each other in the unflexed state. However, if the fingers have non-straight edges in the unflexed state, parallel longitudinal directions are sufficient.

The extent of the finger within the layer area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is called the width of the finger. The extent of the fingers in the direction perpendicular to the layer area is called thickness. Preferably, the length is greater than the width of the finger and the width is greater than the thickness.

According to the invention, in the unflexed state, immediately adjacent fingers of the same finger layer are at a distance greater than zero from each other. Said distance is preferably constant, ie having the same value over the entire length of the finger in each case. Here, distance can be measured, for example, from one edge of one finger to the nearest edge of an adjacent finger. Therefore, the arrangement of fingers in the finger layer can be considered comb-shaped. The fingers are therefore preferably not produced from the finger layer by straight sections, but by the fact that a partial surface of the layer from which the finger layer is produced is removed between adjacent fingers.

The working direction can advantageously be defined within the tool. This is the direction in which the tool will move as intended when in use. The intended motion is, for example, that of tracing a straight edge, the motion occurring in such a way that the finger brushes the straight edge with its largest surface, the straight edge preferably is parallel to the maximum surface of the finger during swipe brushing. In that case, the fingers are preferably movable out of the layer regions in which the working direction is parallel or tangential. In that case, the layer plane preferably extends at a non-vanishing angle or perpendicular to the working direction.

The spacing of adjacent fingers on the same layer provides a high degree of finger flexibility. This allows the finger layers to be arranged directly or at a small distance one behind the other without a supporting material, for example a fleece, provided between the finger layers. A high density finger is thereby obtained, from which a high grinding force is obtained. This results in the same edge rounding at a higher feed rate or a significantly more pronounced edge rounding at the same feed rate.

Advantageously, the fingers of the same finger layer are elastically bendable independently of each other from an undeflected state. The fact that the fingers can bend independently of each other from a flexed state means that applying a finger bending force to exactly one finger will not bend other fingers in the same layer. . The fact that the fingers are elastically bendable from an unflexed state means that the fingers will essentially return to their unflexed state when the force is removed. With a high density of fingers, this provides a high ability to adapt to any desired workpiece contour.

Note that the geometries described herein for the tool, fingers and finger layers may represent idealizations in the sense that many of the materials used for the finger layers are actually plastically deformable to some degree. Should. As a result, the tool or finger may have or take on shapes that differ somewhat from the geometries described herein due to manufacturing or use of the tool. However, those skilled in the art will doubtless be able to assign such different shapes to the shapes described herein, and thus the different shapes should be considered to fall within the scope of protection.

The arrangement according to the invention allows the tool to be realized without supporting material between the finger layers. Therefore, it is preferred that there is no material between the fingers of adjacent finger layers. In areas where the fingers are bendable, there is preferably no material between the fingers of adjacent finger layers.

The finger layer can advantageously be held by a carrier structure located at one end of the finger. The finger layers can be glued to the carrier structure, for example.

In advantageous configurations of the invention, the fingers of at least some of the finger layers fit within the spacing between the fingers of the adjacent finger layers when projected onto the adjacent finger layers, and/or It is adjacent to the finger of the adjacent finger layer. Here the projection is done at a non-vanishing angle, or in a direction that stands perpendicular to the layer region of one of the corresponding finger layers, or in a direction in which the finger bends from its unflexed state. A projection in the working direction is also possible. The projection and the finger layer on which the projection was made are preferably non-overlapping, ie the projection is preferably completely contained between the fingers of each adjacent layer. Such an arrangement helps increase the flexibility of the tool, since finger bending is not hindered by adjacent finger layers. In an advantageous configuration of the invention, the fingers of all adjacent finger layers are therefore arranged offset relative to each other.

It may be advantageous if the distance between adjacent fingers of the same layer is greater than the width of the finger, ie the extent of the finger in the adjacent direction. If the finger layers are arranged as described above such that the fingers of adjacent finger layers are offset with respect to each other, the fingers are spaced from the fingers of adjacent finger layers during flexing and rubbed between them. The effect of engaging without

In an advantageous configuration of the invention, fingers of at least some finger layers can overlap fingers of respective adjacent finger layers. Thus, overlap exists specifically in projection, which is the projection of the fingers of each finger layer onto the adjacent finger layer in the direction perpendicular to the finger layer. Overlap can be complete or partial for one or both fingers. Thereby, the strength of the tool can be increased. This configuration, in combination with the above-described configuration of the staggered fingers, allows flexibility in adjusting the strength of the tool.

If the fingers of adjacent layers are arranged to overlap as described above, then advantageously there is a distance between adjacent layers and the fingers are arranged to overlap each other. For example, a spacer layer can be disposed between each adjacent layer, the dimensions of the spacer layer advantageously matching the dimensions of the adjacent finger layers.

When fingers overlap as described above, the fingers of two, three, four or more immediately adjacent finger layers may overlap in projection onto a common plane in a direction perpendicular to one of the finger layers. This means that the fingers of two, three, four or more finger layers can be arranged one behind the other in a direction perpendicular to the layer region of one of the layers.

Tool strength can also be adjusted by the distance between adjacent finger layers. Advantageously, adjacent finger layers may be directly adjacent to each other or may be separated from each other by a distance of one, two, three or more finger layer thicknesses. Here, the distance of two finger layers is the distance of the layer areas of the finger layers from each other, measured perpendicular to the layer areas. The distance here is preferably measured at the point of the finger layer where the finger is fixed. This is relevant if the layers are arranged in a cylindrical shape, the arrangement described below, with adjacent finger layers forming non-vanishing angles with each other. In the case of a plate-like arrangement, the distances mentioned above are preferably measured at the center point of the inner edge of the layer, ie the edge facing the plate.

In the unflexed state, the finger layers are preferably planar, so the layer areas of the finger layers are planar.

In an advantageous configuration of the invention, the finger layers can be arranged obliquely to the direction of movement of the tool through the workpiece to be machined. This means that the finger layers are preferably able to enclose an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees with respect to the line around which the finger layers are arranged. The layers here can preferably enclose an angle greater than -45 degrees and less than +45 degrees with respect to the line.

The fingers preferably each have at least one grinding and/or polishing surface. Said grinding and/or polishing surface is preferably the surface of the corresponding finger parallel to the plane in which the corresponding finger extends.

The fingers can preferably be designed as grinding means on the base. Abrasive means herein can be applied to the carrier and can form an abraded and/or polished surface thereof.

If the fingers are configured as grinding means on a base, the base can advantageously comprise or consist of cotton, polyester or polycotton. However, the finger layer itself can also comprise or consist of abrasive and/or abrasive material. In this case, no abrasive or abrasive material needs to be applied to the fingers.

The abrasive and/or abrasive material of the fingers advantageously has a particle size of 12 or more, preferably 50 or more, preferably 100 or more, and/or 320 or less, preferably 240 or less, It may preferably have a particle size that is 150 or less.

In an advantageous configuration of the invention, adjacent finger layers of a finger layer can be configured such that the finger layers arranged one above the other completely fill the rectangular surface. This configuration can be manufactured particularly efficiently in that two adjacent finger layers are cut from a rectangular layer by a line of intersection.

Advantageously, the length of the fingers is 20 mm or more, preferably 30 mm or more, particularly preferably 40 mm or more and/or 150 mm or less, preferably 120 mm or less, preferably 90 mm or less, preferably 70 mm or less, preferably 60 mm or less, Particularly preferably, it may be 50 mm or less. Advantageously, all fingers of the tool have the same length.

In an advantageous configuration of the invention, the individual fingers of those portions can be slotted. A slot can now be introduced into the finger, the slot passing through the finger and extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the finger. It is also advantageous to arrange the slots one behind the other along a straight line, which can extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger. Advantageously, in each case, the fingers may be provided with a plurality of parallel slots or a plurality of parallel rows of slots.

The width of the fingers, i.e. the extent of the fingers in the direction in which the fingers of the same layer are arranged next to each other, is preferably 2 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or more, particularly preferably 7 mm or more and/or 20 mm or less, preferably 15 mm or less, particularly preferably 10 mm or less.

The thickness of the finger layer, or the thickness of the fingers without optionally applied grinding means, is preferably ≧0.5 mm, preferably ≧1 mm and/or ≦2 mm, preferably ≦1 mm.

In an advantageous configuration of the invention, all finger layers can be arranged parallel to each other one behind the other, so that the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fingers in which the finger layers extend is rectangular. . The entire tool here preferably has a block shape.

In the aforementioned block-shaped configuration, the extent of the tool in the direction in which the fingers of the same layer are arranged next to each other is advantageously greater than or equal to 50 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 70 mm and/or less than or equal to 100 mm, preferably 80 mm. It is below. This range is referred to herein as the width of the tool.

The depth or length of the tool, ie the extent of the tool in the direction in which the finger layers are arranged one behind the other, is preferably 50 mm or more, preferably 60 mm or more and/or 80 mm or less, preferably 70 mm or less.

In a further advantageous configuration of the invention, referred to herein as a plate configuration, the finger layers can be arranged one behind the other along a closed circular line, the layer regions standing perpendicular to the circular line. , the fingers stand perpendicular to the area of the circle delineated by the circular line, i.e. the area of the plane through which the circle passes. In this configuration, the finger layers can be arranged on the carrier in a circular ring, with individual fingers standing vertically on the circular ring surface of the carrier.

If the tool is of plate-like construction, it may be advantageous if, in addition to the finger layer, a number of further finger layers are provided, which are arranged along a line of a more closed circle. The further closed circular line can now extend concentrically with respect to the circular line of the first finger arrangement described above and can have a larger or smaller radius than the first circular line. . The further finger layers can thus run inside or outside the first described finger layer. The fingers of the further finger layer preferably have the same length as the fingers of the first finger layer, such that the ends of the further fingers run in the same plane as the ends of the fingers of the first finger layer. placed in This configuration of the present invention allows for more uniform machining as the density of fingers for the plate arrangement decreases radially outward. If the inner diameter of the first finger layer arrangement is chosen to be larger, then the further finger layer may be arranged inside the first finger layer arrangement, the further finger layer below the first finger layer arrangement. can be selected to be smaller than the bottom of the finger layer. This avoids excessively increasing the density of the radially inner fingers. In a corresponding manner, further finger layers can also be arranged more around the first finger layer, thus avoiding a reduction in finger density towards the outside.

In the case of a plate-like arrangement, the diameter in the plane of the circular line of the tool is advantageously 50 mm or more, preferably 80 mm or more, preferably 100 mm or more, preferably 115 mm or more, preferably 125 mm or more, preferably 150 mm or more, and /or 1500 mm or less, preferably 1000 mm or less, preferably 400 mm or less, preferably 250 mm or less, preferably 200 mm or less.

In the case of a plate arrangement, the width of the finger layers in the direction in which the fingers of the same layer are arranged next to each other is 15 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, preferably 30 mm or more, and/or 100 mm or less, preferably 65 mm. Below, it is preferably 60 mm or less, preferably 50 mm or less, preferably 40 mm or less.

In an advantageous configuration, a number of finger layers are combined in each case to form a block. The depth of each block in the direction in which the finger layers are arranged one behind the other is advantageously ≧20 mm, preferably ≧35 mm, preferably ≧45 mm and/or ≦70 mm, preferably ≦55 mm.

In another advantageous configuration of the invention, the finger layers can be arranged one behind the other along a closed circular line, the layer regions in turn standing vertically on the circular line and the fingers being circular in their longitudinal direction. It extends radially to an axis passing through the center point of the line and stands perpendicular to the circular surface bounded by the circular line. This configuration of the tool is hereinafter referred to as cylindrical configuration. The tips of the fingers can now lie on a common cylindrical surface. Similarly, the points of the fingers to which the fingers are fixed can lie on a common cylindrical surface. The finger layers here normally stand at an angle to each other about the aforementioned axis. The fingers are here preferably arranged on a cylindrical carrier structure.

The diameter of the tool of cylindrical configuration, measured between the tips of the fingers on opposite sides of the axis in a radial direction to the circular line or axis, is advantageously 50 mm or more, preferably 100 mm or more, particularly preferably 200 mm or more. and/or 400 mm or less, preferably 300 mm or less.

The width of the tool, i.e. the width in the direction perpendicular to the circular plane bounded by the closed circular line or in the axial direction is preferably 20 mm or more, preferably 100 mm or more, preferably 500 mm or more, preferably 1500 mm or more, and/or , 2500 mm or less, preferably 2000 mm or less, particularly preferably 1700 mm or less.

Tool flexibility can be set or changed in a variety of ways. First, flexibility can be affected by the choice of finger layer or finger geometry. Additionally, it is optionally possible to influence the adaptability of the tool by the placement of the fingers as described. Further optionally, for a given stiffness of the finger, it is possible to introduce a distance in the root area of the finger, ie the area adjacent to the fixation of the finger, for example by spacer pieces. This allows the bendable length of the fingers to be varied and, as a result, the stiffness of the fingers to be varied.

Additionally, optionally laminated primary finger layers can be used to affect the stiffness of the element.

In an advantageous arrangement of the invention, the outermost fingers of each finger layer can be slanted downward towards the edge of the finger layer. Advantageously, the fingers can be shortened towards the edge. The fingers may advantageously become narrower towards the edges. This configuration provides a softer engagement.

The tool according to the invention is advantageously a tool for deburring the edge of a metal workpiece and/or a tool for rounding the edge of a metal workpiece, i.e. a deburring tool or a rounding tool. be.

Further in accordance with the present invention, a method is presented for removing secondary burrs on one or more edges of a metal workpiece and/or for rounding one or more edges of a metal workpiece. . The tool as described above moves so that the finger layer brushes the edge, here following the edge to be machined. Brushing the edge with the finger layer removes secondary burrs on the edge and/or rounds the edge.

The tool is preferably moved in a direction perpendicular to the edge to be machined. Furthermore, the tool is preferably moved in a non-parallel direction with the finger layers in an unflexed state. This direction preferably stands perpendicular to the finger layers in the unflexed state.

Further in accordance with the present invention, a method is identified for deburring and rounding one or more edges of a metal workpiece, wherein the tool traces the edge such that the finger layer brushes the edge, as described above. Thus, by brushing the edge with a finger layer, primary burrs on the edge are removed and the edge is rounded. Again, the tool is advantageously moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the edge to be machined. Advantageously, the tool now also moves in a direction perpendicular to the layer area in the undeflected state. The configuration of the tool according to the invention allows both primary burr removal and edge rounding. Primary burr removal and rounding can be brought about in common steps here.

According to the invention, the abrasive power of the tool is substantially increased over tools of the same size according to the prior art. As a result, more pronounced edge rounding can be obtained in less time, improving the economic efficiency of manufacturing. Furthermore, the higher force capability offers the possibility of integrating process steps that are performed independently of each other in the prior art. For example, the steps of removing primary burrs, removing secondary burrs and rounding edges can be combined into one step due to the high polishing power of the present invention. Completely new machine configurations are thereby conceivable.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to several drawings. The same reference numbers identify the same or corresponding features. Features shown in the embodiments can also be implemented independently of the specific embodiment and in combination between different embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical configuration of a tool according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows a plate-like configuration of a tool according to the invention. FIG. 3 shows a block-shaped configuration of a tool according to the invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a plate-like configuration of a tool according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a plan view of a plate-like arrangement with two rows of tools according to the invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of fingers in a tool according to the invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of finger placement in a tool according to the invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of finger placement in a tool according to the present invention; FIG. 9 shows the process sequence of deburring and edge rounding according to the prior art. FIG. 10 shows an arbitrary tilt position of the layer with respect to the direction of movement. FIG. 11 shows an optional configuration of the invention having fingers with chamfered edges. FIG. 12 shows an optional configuration of the two layers of the present invention with serrated-edge fingers. FIG. 13 shows an optional configuration of finger layers with slotted fingers.

FIG. 1 shows in general and enlarged detail the cylindrical construction of the tool according to the invention. The tool has a number of finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c each extending into the layer area. For the sake of clarity, only three of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are explicitly named below, but the figure itself represents a number of further Finger layers are shown.

The finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged one behind another such that they overlap layer regions of adjacent finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c. In the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. 1, adjacent finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are at non-vanishing angles with respect to each other, so that the overlap is not a perfect overlap.

Each finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c has a plurality of fingers 2a, 2b, 2c. For the sake of clarity only fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are explicitly mentioned, but the tool has a number of further fingers for which what has been said with respect to fingers 2a, 2b, 2c likewise applies. In FIG. 1, fingers 2a, 2b, 2c all have the same length.

The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are bendable from an unbent state in a direction perpendicular to the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c. In FIG. 1 the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are in an unflexed state.

The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are each of planar design and, in the illustrated unflexed state, extend into the layer area of the corresponding finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c. In the unflexed state, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c respectively extend parallel to each other. Therefore, the longitudinal directions of the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are parallel to each other. In the unflexed state, respective adjacent fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c are separated from each other by a distance greater than zero.

In the cylindrical configuration of the tool according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged one behind the other along a closed circular line. The layer regions of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c each stand perpendicular to the circular line. The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c extend with their longitudinal direction radial to an axis passing through the center point of the circular line and stand perpendicular to the circle drawn by the circular line.

All finger layers 1 a , 1 b , 1 c are arranged on a common carrier structure 3 . The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of all finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are fastened to the carrier structure 3 at one end. In the cylindrical shape of the tool according to the invention in FIG. 1, the carrier structure 3 has a cylindrical shape with its axis as the cylinder axis, whereas the fingers with 2a, 2b, 2c are along their longitudinal direction Extends radially.

FIG. 2 shows a plate-like configuration of a tool according to the invention. In the plate-like configuration of FIG. 2, a number of finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c, each extending in a layer area, are arranged in a circular shape such that the layer areas of adjacent finger layers of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c overlap each other. They are arranged in front and back along the line. Due to the plate-like arrangement the overlap is imperfect. For clarity, only three finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are also mentioned here, and what is said here applies equally to the other finger layers.

Each finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c has a plurality of fingers 2a, 2b, 2c. For clarity, only three fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are described, but what is said applies equally to the other fingers shown.

The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are bendable from an unbent state in a direction perpendicular to the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c. In FIG. 2 the fingers are in an unflexed state. The fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are each of planar design and, in the unflexed state, extend into the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c. In the unflexed state, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c also now run parallel to each other and all have the same length. Also in the example shown in FIG. 2, adjacent fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c have a distance from each other greater than zero in the unflexed state.

In the plate-like configuration shown in FIG. 2, the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged one behind the other along a closed circular line, the layer regions of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c standing perpendicular to the circular line. , and the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c stand vertically on the circular area delineated by the circular lines. The finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged on a carrier structure 3, which in the planar configuration of FIG. 2 can have a planar shape in the form of a circular ring. The circular ring shaped area lies in the plane described by the closed circular line. The fingers 2 a , 2 b , 2 c are arranged with one end against the carrier structure 3 and stand with their longitudinal direction perpendicular to the surface of the carrier structure 3 . In use, the plate-like structure can move over the edge of the workpiece. This is due to the fact that the tool rotates about an axis which passes through the center point of the closed circular line and stands parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c.

FIG. 3 shows a block-shaped configuration of a tool according to the invention. This tool has a number of finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c in turn, of which only three layers 1a, 1b, 1c are mentioned for clarity, but the same applies equally to the other layers shown. The finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged one behind the other such that layer regions of adjacent finger layers of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c overlap. In block-shaped configurations, the overlap can be complete. Furthermore, the block-shaped configuration allows the layer areas of all finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c to completely overlap.

Similarly, each of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c has a plurality of fingers 2a, 2b, 2c, of which only three fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are discussed and those mentioned are the other fingers shown. The same applies to All fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of all finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c in the example shown have the same length, so that the tool as a whole has a substantially cuboid shape.

Also in the case of the block-shaped configuration of the invention, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c, respectively, are of planar design and, in the undeflected state, in the corresponding layer regions, which are planar here. Extend. Next, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are bendable from an unbent state. The figure likewise shows the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c, now in an unflexed state.

In the unflexed state, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c respectively extend parallel to each other. In the unflexed state, adjacent fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the same finger layer 1a, 1b, 1c have a distance from each other greater than zero.

In the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged on a common carrier structure 3, which in the case of the block-shaped arrangement of FIG. 3 may have a rectangular shape. In the example shown, the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of all finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c stand vertically on the plane defined by the rectangle of the carrier structure 3. FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a further example of a plate-like configuration of the tool according to the invention according to FIG. In FIG. 4 the tool is shown in plan view in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the circular line extends. The finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c extend radially to the center point of the circular line. The finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c are shown here in solid lines, they have the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c depicted in FIG. 2 but not disassembled here. It can be seen that the density of the finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c and thus of the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c decreases from the inside to the outside. To compensate for the resulting non-uniformity in finger density, a plate-like workpiece can be constructed as shown in FIG. In this example, in addition to finger layers 1a, 1b, 1c, a number of further finger layers 1d , 1e, 1f arranged along further closed circular lines with smaller radii are provided. . Although only three of the further finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f are again discussed here, a number of further finger layers for which what was said with respect to the finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f applies analogously. are placed along the line of

A further closed circular line along which the finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f are arranged is arranged concentrically to said first circular line and has a smaller radius than the latter. Two circular lines pass in the same plane. The inner arrangement of finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f has fewer finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f, so that the finger density in the region of the inner finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f is less than that of the outer finger layer 1a. , 1b, 1c are reduced in comparison with the configuration in FIG. 5 in which the finger layers 1d, 1e, 1f are arranged. This allows the tool shown in FIG. 5 to provide more uniform machining over a wider area and have the same outer dimensions as compared to the tool shown in FIG.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show, by way of example, various possible arrangements of fingers and finger layers in a tool according to the invention. The fingers are shown schematically here as straight lines. A straight line here can be regarded as the root or fixation line of the corresponding finger on the carrier structure 3 or as the upper sides of the finger at the end of the finger located opposite the carrier structure 3 . In Figures 6, 7 and 8, the finger layers are drawn parallel to each other and are associated with block-shaped and cylindrical configurations. In the plate-like configuration of the tool, the finger layers would be angled with respect to each other in the illustrations of FIGS. However, since the aforementioned angles are so small that they would hardly be visible in the drawings, Figures 6, 7 and 8 may therefore also be considered to relate to plate-like configurations.

FIG. 6 shows the placement of the fingers. Only fingers 2a-2f are shown here. What has been said applies equally to the other fingers shown.

In FIG. 6, the fingers of adjacent finger layers 1a-1e are staggered from each other. This means that the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of the finger layer 1a are arranged in the distance between the fingers 2d, 2e, 2f of the adjacent finger layer in projection onto the adjacent finger layer 1b. The projection here is in the direction perpendicular to the layer regions of the finger layers 1a or 1b. Similarly, in FIG. 6, all adjacent finger layer fingers of finger layers 1a-1e are located in the spacing between fingers of adjacent finger layers 1a-1e or adjacent finger layer 1a in the aforementioned projections. ˜1e are placed next to the fingers.

FIG. 7 shows possible arrangements of fingers 2a-2l in finger layers 1a-1i. Fingers 2a, 2b, 2c of finger layer 1a overlap fingers 2g, 2h, 2i of finger layer 1b in projection onto the adjacent finger layer 1b in a direction perpendicular to its surface. Therefore, the fingers of the finger layer 1c also overlap with the fingers of the finger layers 1a and 1b. The fingers 2a-2i of the finger layers 1a-1c are therefore arranged one behind the other in a direction perpendicular to the layer regions of the aforementioned finger layers.

The fingers 2j-2l of the finger layers 1d-1f which are adjacent to the layers 1a-1c in projection in a direction perpendicular to the layer regions of the finger layers 1a-1c or 1d-1f are arranged in the distance between the fingers of the adjacent layer 1c. be done. On the other hand, fingers 2j to 2l of layers 1d to 1f are arranged in the same manner as layers 1a to 1c described above, either one behind the other or overlapping. The fingers of layers 1g-1i are similarly arranged behind the fingers 2a-2i of layers 1a-1c. Thus, when projected, they are located in the spaces between the fingers of layers 1d-1f or next to the fingers of that layer.

FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of fingers 2a-2f in finger layers 1a-1d. Here, the fingers 2a-2f of adjacent finger layers 1a-1d similarly fall in turn in the spacing between respective adjacent finger layers 1a-1d in projection, as shown in FIG. .

In all figures, all fingers have the same width and are the same distance from each other. This is not required but is advantageous. 6 and 7 the finger width is equal to the spacing between adjacent fingers of the same layer, whereas in the example shown in FIG. have a width less than the distance between them. Thereby, the fingers 2d-2f of the finger layer 1b are accommodated within the gap 4 between the fingers 2a-2c of the adjacent finger layer 1a or 1c. Therefore, the fingers 2d-2f can bend without rubbing against or colliding with the fingers 2a-2c of the adjacent finger layers 1a-1d.

FIG. 9 shows, by way of example, the steps of a method for deburring and edge rounding of a workpiece. In state Z1 there is a workpiece with a primary burr. Primary burrs can be caused, for example, by stamping a workpiece from a metal sheet or by stamping a part from a workpiece. The prior art now provides a step S1 in which the primary burr is removed. Removal of primary burrs can be performed, for example, by an endless belt having an abrasive surface. In many cases, the primary burrs are not thereby completely removed, but rather at least partially reshaped into what are called secondary burrs. Thus, step S1 can lead to state Z2 where there is a workpiece with secondary burrs. Next, a step S2 of removing secondary burrs must be performed, which results in a burr-free workpiece in state Z3. For many applications it is necessary to round the edges of a burr-free workpiece to a specific size, for example to prevent flaking of subsequently applied paint. Edge rounding is accomplished by an edge rounding step S3 applied to the burr-free workpiece. The result of this step S3 is the state Z4 in which there is a workpiece with rounded edges.

Figure 10 shows an arbitrary oblique position of the layers with respect to the direction in which the tool is moved during use. The upper partial image shows a plan view corresponding to FIG. The lower left partial image shows a cross-sectional view along the cross-sectional line AA shown in the upper partial image, and the lower right partial image shows a cross-sectional view along the line B-B shown in the upper partial image. show.

The direction of movement of the tool in use is perpendicular to the direction in which the fingers of the same layer are arranged next to each other, ie to the right or left in the upper partial image. In cross-section, it can be seen that the layers 1a to 1e are inclined with respect to the direction of movement by an angle unequal to 90 degrees. Adjacent layers of layers 1a-1d are now inclined in opposite directions. In the example shown, layers 1a, 1b, 1c are slanted to the right and layers 1d, 1e are slanted to the left.

FIG. 11 shows an arrangement of the invention corresponding to the embodiment shown in FIG. Here, the top partial image shows the positions of the fingers 2a to 2h viewed from above, the central partial image is a side view of the surface of the fingers, and the lower partial image is the finger 2a viewed from above. The position of ~2h is indicated. The embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is shown in FIG. 6 in that the outermost fingers 2a, 2d, 2g, 2h of each finger layer in FIG. different from the embodiment described. The fingers are thus shortened towards the edge. The fingers can narrow towards the edges. This configuration provides a softer engagement.

FIG. 12 shows by way of example an embodiment of finger layers 1a-1d in which the finger layers have serrated edges. The basic shape of the finger layers corresponds to that shown in FIG. 3, with the difference that the edges of the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c are serrated. Partial image A shows one of the finger layers 1a .

Partial view 12B shows the starting layers from which the finger layers 1a and 1b can be produced by sawing. Intersection lines (optionally serrated here) are introduced into the layer here, running alternately with serrated long sections and straight short sections. This separates from the starting layer two finger layers 1a, 1b with elongated fingers 2a, 2b, 2c respectively.

Partial view 12C shows a plan view of two finger layers 1a and 1b manufactured according to partly view 12B and here arranged one behind the other corresponding to FIG. The layers overlap in their sawtooth areas in the projection. Each finger of the same finger layer 1a or 1b is arranged such that their longitudinal directions are parallel to each other.

FIG. 13 shows an example of an optional configuration of the finger layer 1a, in which the fingers are slotted. For this purpose, three rows of slots 5 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the fingers are introduced into the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c respectively. Here, the slot extends with its longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fingers 2a, 2b, 2c. In the illustrated example, the finger layer 1a has five fingers, each finger having three rows of slots and each row of slots having four slots 5 arranged one behind the other.

The tool according to the invention can be used in a method for removing secondary burrs on the edges of metal workpieces, ie in step S2. Alternatively or additionally, it can be used in step S3 to round the edges of the metal workpiece. Here, the tool moves over the edge of the workpiece such that the finger layer brushes the edge to be machined, thereby removing secondary burrs and/or rounding the edge.

A tool according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in a process in which in a common step primary burrs are removed on the edges of the tool and the edges are rounded. Therefore, the workpiece can be machined in just one step from state Z1 to state Z4 with the tool according to the invention. For this purpose, in turn, the tool moves over the edge so that the finger layer brushes the edge, thereby removing primary burrs and rounding the edge.

Claims (9)

A tool for machining an object, comprising:
comprising a number of finger layers each extending in a layer region;
The finger layers are arranged back and forth such that the layer regions of adjacent finger layers of the finger layers overlap at least in regions,
each of the finger layers having a plurality of fingers;
the fingers of the finger layers are bendable from an undeflected state in a direction standing in the layer regions of the corresponding finger layers;
the fingers of the finger layer are each of planar design and extend within the corresponding layer region in an unflexed state;
In the unflexed state, adjacent fingers of the same finger layer are separated from each other by a distance greater than zero, and
At least some of the fingers of the finger layer are positioned in the projection of the finger layer and the adjacent finger layer in the space between the fingers of the adjacent finger layer or next to the fingers of the adjacent finger layer. and
adjacent finger layers among the plurality of finger layers are directly adjacent to each other ;
the distance between adjacent fingers on the same layer is greater than the width of the fingers in the direction in which the fingers are adjacent ;
The plurality of finger layers are arranged back and forth along a closed circular line, the layer regions standing vertically on the circular line, the fingers having their longitudinal direction centered on the circular line. extending radially to an axis through the point and standing perpendicular to said circular line,
fingers of adjacent finger layers that are directly adjacent to each other extend such that their longitudinal directions are radial to the axis;
tool. A tool according to claim 1, comprising:
fingers of the same finger layer are elastically bendable independently of each other from an undeflected state;
tool. A tool according to claim 1 or 2,
no material between fingers of adjacent finger layers of said finger layer;
tool. A tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the unflexed state the fingers of the same finger layer run parallel to each other,
tool. A tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
fingers of at least some of the finger layers are arranged to overlap fingers of adjacent finger layers in projection onto the adjacent finger layers in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the finger layer;
tool. A tool according to claim 5, comprising:
fingers of two, three, four or more finger layers overlap in projection onto a common plane in a direction perpendicular to one of the finger layers;
tool. A method for removing secondary burrs and/or rounding edges of a workpiece, comprising:
By moving the tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6 along the edge of the workpiece, the finger layer brushes the edge, whereby the finger layer brushes the edge. Secondary burrs on the edge are removed and/or the edge is rounded by brushing
Method. A method of deburring and edge rounding a workpiece, comprising:
By moving the tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6 along the edge of the workpiece, the finger layer brushes the edge, whereby the finger layer brushes the edge. Primary burrs on the edges are removed and the edges are rounded by brushing
Method. 9. A method according to claim 7 or 8 ,
wherein said workpiece is a metal workpiece;
Method.

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