JP7289268B2 - コロナウイルス、コロナウイルスを備えるワクチン、および疾患予防方法 - Google Patents
コロナウイルス、コロナウイルスを備えるワクチン、および疾患予防方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1A~図1Dは、非構造タンパク質15および保存残基トレオニン98(T98)をハイライトしたマウスコロナウイルスゲノムの模式図を含む。図1Aは、マウス肝炎ウイルス(MHV)A59(MHV-A59)ゲノムの模式図である。PLP1/2:パパイン様プロテアーゼ1/2、ADRP:ADP-リボース-1′-モノホスファターゼ、3CLpro:3C様プロテアーゼ、RDRP:RNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼ、Hel:ヘリカーゼ、ExoN:3′→5′エキソヌクレアーゼ、NendoU:ニドウイルスウリジル酸特異エンドリボヌクレアーゼ、2′OMT:リボース-2′-O-メチルトランスフェラーゼ、である。図1Bは、nsp15の結晶構造を示し、Nドメイン、Mドメイン、Cドメインは90度回転して示されている。T98は、L57(Nドメイン)および触媒残基(Cドメイン)に関連して示される。タンパク質データベースIDは、2GTHである。図1Cは、各コロナウイルスの遺伝子型における変異部位と、ウイルス感染した骨髄由来マクロファージ(BMDM)におけるI型インターフェロンの誘導を示す。図1Dは、ClustalW(クラスタルダブル)を用いたコロナウイルスのサブグループの代表株群からのnsp15 T98領域の配列アライメントを示す。
図2A~図2Dは、MHVnsp15変異ウイルスが、I型インターフェロンの発現を活性化し、および、BMDMにおける複製が損なわれることを示す。図2Aは、定量RT-PCRにより、野生型(WT)MHVまたはN15m1に感染したBMDMにおけるIFN-α11mRNAレベルを示す。値は、βアクチンにより標準化され、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図2Bは、定量ELISA法によって検出された、感染したBMDMの上清中における分泌されたIFNαタンパク質レベルを示す。値は、2元配置分散分析テストを用いて分析された。図2Cおよび図2Dは、B6BMDMおよびifnar-/-BMDMにおけるWTおよびN15m1の増殖速度をそれぞれ示す(MOI(感染多重度)=0.1)。表示されたhpi(感染後時間)において上清のウイルスを収集し、17Cl-1細胞を用いたプラークアッセイによってウイルス価を判定した。値は、独立T検定を用いて分析された。データは2~3の独立した実験の代表であり、平均±SDで示されている。
図3A~図3Dは、MHV nsp15変異ウイルスが、BMDMにおける急速なアポトーシス細胞死を誘導することを示す。図3Aは、BMDMがWT、N15m1、または紫外線で不活性化したN15m1(UV-N15m1)のMHVにそれぞれ感染したことを示す。24hpi(感染後24時間)における、ウイルスに感染したBMDMの細胞生存率は、CellTiterGloアッセイを用いて定量化された。値は、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図3Bは、BMDMがWTまたはN15m1のMHVに感染し、その後、DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)、zVAD(20μM)、ネクロスタチン-1(Nec-1)(25μM)、またはVX-765(20μM)のいずれかによって処理されたことを示す。細胞生存率は、24hpiにCellTiterGloアッセイによって計測された。値は、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図3Cは、BMDMにWTまたはN15m1のMHVを接種し、培地にzVAD(20μM)が追加されたことを示す。24hpiにおけるカスパーゼ3/7活性が、カスパーゼ3/7―Glo活性化アッセイによって判定された。値は、相対発光量(RLU)で示され、2元配置分散分析テストを用いて分析された。図3Dは、BMDMがWTまたはN15m1のMHVに感染し、表示された時点ごとに細胞溶解物を回収したことを示す。切断されたカスパーゼ3およびNタンパク質のウエスタンブロット試験の結果を示す。すべての感染はMOI=0.1におけるものである。データは、2~3の独立した実験を代表するものであり、平均値±SDとして表される。
図4A~図4Dは、MHVnsp15変異ウイルスの感染が、ホストのdsRNA(二重鎖リボ核酸)センサを活性化させることを示す。図4Aは、BMDMがWTまたはN15m1のMHV(MOI=0.1)に感染したことを示す。16hpiにおいて、細胞を溶解し、40μgの細胞溶解物について、ホスホ(p)-elF2α、elF2α、およびウイルス性Nタンパク質の検出をウエスタンブロットにより行った。カルネキシンは、ローディング管理として機能する。図4Bは、PKR(RNA活性化プロテインキナーゼ)阻害物質が、B6BMDMにおけるN15m1による誘導アポトーシスを阻止することを示す。細胞は、WTまたはN15m1(MOI=0.1)に感染し、その後、PKE阻害剤C16(1μM)で処理された。細胞を収集し、表示時点ごとに、カスパーゼ3/7活性について評価した。値は、相対発光量(RLU)で示され、2元配置分散分析テストを用いて分析された。図4Cは、バイオアナライザ(MOI=1)を用いた、感染したBMDMから抽出した全RNA300ngのRNA分解パターンを示す。RIN(RNA integrity number)、並びに、28S、18S、rRNA、およびtRNAの位置は、図面の下部と右側にそれぞれ示した。図4Dは、18hpiにおいてC16阻害剤(1μM)またはzVAD(20μM)で処理した、感染したBMDM(MOI=0.1)から得たRNAのRNA分解パターンを示す。データは2~3の独立した実験の代表である。
図5A~図5Dは、T98Mの変異が、nsp15タンパク質の不安定性を生じさせることを示す。図5Aは、MOI=0.1における、WTまたはN15m1のウイルスに感染したBMDMを、16hpiにおいて溶解し、ウイルス性Nタンパク質、nsp15、およびβアクチンが、ウエスタンブロット法によって検出した結果を示す。図5Bは、大腸菌から発現し精製された、WTのnsp15とT98M変異のnsp15を示す。クーマシーブルー染色は、ウエスタンブロット法(下部)を用いてnsp15抗体に検出された、精製されたSUMOタグ付きnsp15およびT98Mを示す。図5Cは、野生型nsp15タンパク質(黒色)およびnsp15-T98M変異タンパク質(赤色)についての示差走査蛍光定量法(DSF)熱シフト分析を示す。図5Dは、5mMのMn2+存在下における、野生型(WT)のnsp15またはT98Mを用いて時間をかけて処理された、放射標識されたRNA分子であるR16.4を示す。表示時点ごとに、一定分量の反応を変性20%ポリアクリルアミドゲル上で分析した。RNA R16.4の配列を、ゲル画像の上部に示す。位置13に存在する唯一のウリジラートに下線を引いた。データは2~3の独立した実験の代表である。
図6A~図6Dは、N15m3ウイルス(nsp15-H262A)が、インターフェロン拮抗作用の不在下において、N15m1ウイルスの表現型模写を行うことを示す。図6Aは、BMDMがWTまたはnsp15変異ウイルス(N15m1またはN15m3)に感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。12hpiにおいて、すべてのRNAを抽出して、IFN-α11mRNAレベルについて分析した。値は、平均±SDとして示され、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図6Bは、B6またはifnar-/-BMDMが、WTまたはN15m3に感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。表示時点ごとに、17CL-1細胞におけるプラークアッセイのために細胞上清を収集した。値は、平均±SDとして示され、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図6Cは、B6BMDMがWTまたはN15m3に感染し(MOI=0.1)、表示時点ごとに収集され、カスパーゼ3/7活性の分析を行った結果を示す。値は、平均±SDとして示され、独立T検定を用いて分析された。図6Dは、感染したBMDMからバイオアナライザ(MOI=0.1)を用いて抽出した、500ngの全RNAのRNA分解パターンを示す。RINを底部に示し、28Sと18SのrRNAの位置は、図面にそれぞれ矢印で示した。データは2~3の独立した実験の代表である。
図7Aおよび図7Bは、nsp15の変異が、ウイルス感染したBMDMにおけるdsRNA分布に影響を与えることを示す。図7Aおよび図7Bにおいて、BMDMは、WTまたはN15m3に感染した(MOI=0.1)。細胞を6hpiにおいて固定し、抗dsRNA、抗nsp2/3、およびHoechst33342を用いて(図7A)、または、抗dsRNA、抗nsp15、およびHoechst33342を用いて(図7B)、それぞれ染色した。dsRNA蛍光に基づき、斑点を有する表面が形成され、それぞれの表面内においてnsp蛍光が計測された。25点の画像における蛍光輝点の数は、IMARISソフトウェアプログラムを用いて計測された。dsRNA/nsp2/3の比は、総dsRNA蛍光輝点の数をnsp2/3蛍光輝点の数で除することにより算出した(図7A)。dsRNAとのnsp15の共局在率は、dsRNA+nsp15+の蛍光輝点を、総dsRNA蛍光輝点で除することにより算出した。値は、独立T検定によって分析された。スケールバーは、5μMである。
図8A~図8Gは、MHV nsp15変異ウイルスが、マウスにおいては非常に弱毒であり、防御免疫反応を誘導することを示す。図8Aは、WTまたはN15m1ウイルスに感染したマウスの臓器におけるウイルス負荷を示す。生後6週のC57BL/6Jマウス(n=4)に、6.0×104PFRウイルスを腹腔内接種した。表示時点ごとに、肝臓および脾臓を摘出し、プラークアッセイによりウイルス価をテストした。赤色の破線は、検出限界を示す。図8Bは、C57BL/6Jマウスに、6.0×104PFUウイルスを腹腔内接種したしたことを示す。24hpiに、腸間膜リンパ節(MLN)を摘出し、ウイルスゲノムを、N遺伝子を標的とする定量RT-PCRによって計測した。値は、βアクチンに標準化される。***、p<0.001、独立T検定。図8Cは、WTおよびN15m1に感染したマウスにおける、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H&E)染色による肝病理を、矢印で示す。データは、マウス5匹の代表である。図8Dおよび図8Eは、600PFUのWTまたはN15m1ウイルスを頭蓋内(IC)注射によりマウスに接種した結果を示す。ウイルスの病原性について、体重減少率(図8D)および生存率(図8E)によって計測した。図8Fおよび図8Gにおいて、生後13週の生まれたままのマウスと、図8DでN15m1に感染したマウスに対し、6.0×103PFUのWTウイルスを頭蓋内(IC)注射した。ウイルスの病原性は、体重減少率(図8F)および生存率(図8G)によって計測した。マウスの数(n)を図示した。生存率のp値は、ログランク検定を用いて算出した。
図9Aおよび図9Bは、ブタ流行性下痢ウイルス(PEDV)EndoU欠損変異が、感染したブタのマクロファージ内におけるI型インターフェロンを増強させることを示す。図9Aは、野生型PEDV(icPEDV)およびPEDV nsp15変異ウイルス(icPEDV-deEndoU)の感染性クローンの模式図である。図9Bは、0.1プラーク形成ユニット/細胞のicPEDVまたはicPEDV-deEndoUに、ベロ細胞が感染したことを示す。表示時点ごとに、ウイルス滴定のために細胞上清を収集した。データは、icPEDVおよびicPEDV-deEndoUのいずれもベロ細胞において効率的に増殖し、同等の増殖速度であったことを示す。図9Cは、生まれたままのブタ肺胞マクロファージ(PAM)がicPEDVまたはicPEDV-deEndoUウイルスのいずれかに感染し、表示時点ごとに採取されたことを示す。採取された細胞から全RNAを抽出し、cDNAに転写した。I型インターフェロン(IFN-αおよびIFN-β)の生産は、定量PCRを用いたmRNAレベルを検査することにより評価した。データは、PEDV-deEndoU変異ウイルスは、野生型PEDV感染と比較すると、非常に高レベルでI型IFN生産を刺激することを示す(N.D.は、非検出を意味する)。
図10Aおよび10Bは、N15m1がIFN活性化を誘導するが、N3mウイルスはIFN活性化を誘導しないことを示す。図10Aは、BMDMがWTまたはN15m1のMHVに感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。12hpiにおいて、感染した細胞を4%ホルムアルデヒドで固定し、Hoechst33342(核;青色)、抗ヌクレオカプシド(N;赤色)、および抗ISG54(緑色)で染色した。共焦点顕微鏡によって免疫蛍光を検出した。図10Bは、BMDMが、WT、N3m、またはN15m1のMHVに感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。IFN-α11 mRNAレベルは、12hpiにおいて定量RT-PCRによって判定された。値は、βアクチンに標準化された。n.s.は、有意でないことを示す。独立T検定が用いられた。
図11Aおよび図11Bは、N15m1が急速なアポトーシス細胞死を誘導することを示す。図11Aは、B6 BMDMが、WT、N15m11、または紫外線で不活性化されたN15m1(UV-N15m1)のMHVに感染したことを示す。24hpiにおいて、明視野顕微鏡のもとで細胞変性効果が確認された。図11Bは、スタウロスポリン(1μM)で処理され、WTまたはN15m1のMHVに感染した、BMDMにおいて、16hpiにおいてアポトーシスが生じていることが、電子顕微鏡により観察された核クロマチン(黒色矢印)の凝縮により確認されたことを示す。
図12Aおよび図12Bは、N15m1の誘導によるアポトーシスは、PKR阻害剤C16によって阻止され、I型IFN受容体が必要であることを示す。図12Aは、B6 BMDMが、WTまたはN15m1に感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。細胞変性効果および細胞生存率を、18hpiにおいて評価した。****、p<0.0001、独立T検定。図12Bは、B6またはifnar-/-BMDMが、WTまたはN15m1に感染したことを示す(MOI=0.1)。カスパーゼ3/7活性は、18hpiにおいて、カスパーゼ3/7―Gloアッセイによって計測した。****、p<0.00001、2元配置分散分析テスト。データは、2~3の独立した実験の代表である。図12Bに示したデータは、相対発光量(RLU)および平均±SDで表される。
図13は、T98M変異が、nsp15のオリゴマー化を変更させることを示す。動的光散乱法により、WTおよびT98M nsp15の濃度を増加させながら、モノマーとヘキサマーの割合を評価した。
図14Aおよび図14Bは、N15m3が、B6 BMDMにおいて急速な細胞死を誘導することを示す。B6 BMDMは、WT、N15m1、またはN15m3のウイルスに感染した(MOI=0.1)。図14Aは、CellTiterGloアッセイを用いて判定した、24hpiにおける細胞生存率を示す。図14Bは、12hpiにおいて細胞を採取し、20ugの全溶解液を用いて行った、nsp15、Nタンパク質、およびローディングコントロール(βアクチン)の検出結果を示す。
図15Aおよび図15Bは、nsp15のエンドヌクレアーゼ活性は、感染したBMDMにおけるdsRNA量を変化させないことを示す。B6(図15A)またはifnar-/-BMDM(図15B)は、WTまたはN15m3のウイルスに感染した(MOI=0.1)。6hpiにおいて、細胞にdsRNA用の染色を施し、流動細胞計測法によって分析した。
図16Aおよび図16Bは、nsp15が、感染したBMDMにおけるdsRNAの分布に影響を与えることを示す。BMDMは、WTまたはN15m3に感染した(MOI=0.1)。細胞を6hpiで固定し、抗dsRNA、抗nsp2/3、およびHoechst33342で染色した。25点の画像から、IMARISソフトウェアプログラムを用いて蛍光輝点数をカウントした。図16Aは、ifnar-/-BMDMにおける、dsRNAおよびnsp2/3の蛍光輝点数を示す。図16Bは、B6 BMDMにおける、dsRNAおよびnsp2/3の局在性を示す。dsRNAおよびnsp2/3の蛍光輝点をカウントし、dsRNA/nsp2/3の比は、総dsRNA蛍光輝点数をnsp2/3蛍光輝点数で除することにより算出した(図16A)。値は、独立T検定によって分析された。スケールバーは、5μMである。
図17Aおよび図17Bは、nsp15変異ウイルスが、C57BL/6マウスにおいては弱毒であるが、ifnar-/-マウスにおいては弱毒化されないことを示す。生後6週のC57BL/6マウス(n=5)に、6.0×104PFUウイルスを腹腔内接種した。5dpi(感染後5日)において、H&E染色によって肝病理を判定した(図17A)。3dpiおよび5dpiにおいて肝臓を摘出し、17Cl-1細胞を用いたプラークアッセイによってウイルス価を測定した。赤色の破線は検出限界を示す。
Claims (3)
- 非構造タンパク質nsp15に1の置換変異を含む弱毒生コロナウィルスをヒトを除く対象に投与することを含み、
前記コロナウィルスは、ブタ流行性下痢ウィルス(PEDV)であり、
前記1の置換変異は、エンドリボヌクレアーゼ酵素活性の喪失をもたらす、触媒ヒスチジンの置換からなり、
前記触媒ヒスチジンの置換変異は、前記PEDVの前記nspの位置262の触媒ヒスチジンのアラニンへの置換変異からなり、
前記ヒトを除く対象に防御免疫応答を誘導する、
防御免疫応答の誘導方法。 - 非構造タンパク質nsp15に1の置換変異を含む弱毒生コロナウィルスを含み、
前記コロナウィルスは、ブタ流行性下痢ウィルス(PEDV)であり、
前記1の置換変異は、エンドリボヌクレアーゼ酵素活性の喪失をもたらす、触媒ヒスチジンの置換からなり、
前記触媒ヒスチジンの置換変異は、前記PEDVの前記nspの位置262の触媒ヒスチジンのアラニンへの置換変異からなり、
対象に防御免疫応答を誘導することが可能である、
免疫原性組成物。 - 非構造タンパク質nsp15に1の置換変異を含む弱毒で生のブタ流行性下痢ウィルス(PEDV)を含み、
前記1の置換変異は、エンドリボヌクレアーゼ酵素活性の喪失をもたらす、触媒ヒスチジンの置換からなり、
前記触媒ヒスチジンの置換変異は、前記PEDVの前記nspの位置262の触媒ヒスチジンのアラニンへの置換変異からなり、
ブタに防御免疫応答を誘導することが可能である、
ブタ流行性下痢ウィルス(PEDV)組成物。
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| CN109439797A (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-03-08 | 广西壮族自治区兽医研究所 | 一种快速区分PEDV、PDCoV和PReoV的多重RT-PCR检测引物组及试剂盒 |
| CN110144332B (zh) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所 | 一株猪德尔塔冠状病毒毒株及其应用 |
| CN113248577B (zh) * | 2020-02-12 | 2022-10-21 | 北京科兴中维生物技术有限公司 | 一种以腺病毒为载体的冠状病毒疫苗及其制备方法 |
| CN115884785A (zh) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-03-31 | 芝加哥罗约拉大学 | 冠状病毒疫苗组合物及其使用方法 |
| WO2021236208A1 (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | The University Of Chicago | Inhibition of nidoviruses that encode nsp15 |
| WO2021240039A1 (es) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | Replicones de arn de coronavirus y su uso como vacunas |
| CN111803645B (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-12-11 | 北京大学 | S100a8\a9二聚体活性抑制剂在防治或诊断冠状病毒感染中的用途 |
| WO2022037248A1 (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-02-24 | Versitech Limited | Live attenuated sars-cov-2 virus immunogenic compositions, methods of making and using |
| JP2024004496A (ja) * | 2020-10-14 | 2024-01-17 | 一般財団法人阪大微生物病研究会 | ノックアウトコロナウイルス |
| KR20220102595A (ko) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-20 | 에이비온 주식회사 | 잠재적인 호흡기 바이러스 감염 개체에 인터페론-베타를 투여하는 것을 포함하는 호흡기 바이러스에 대한 예방적 투여 방법 |
| CN113308440B (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-04-28 | 武汉大学 | 一种n7-甲基转移酶缺陷型冠状病毒减毒疫苗株及其制备方法与应用 |
| WO2023094595A1 (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-01 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas | Coronavirus derived rna replicons and their use as vaccines |
| EP4470558A1 (en) | 2023-05-31 | 2024-12-04 | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas | Coronavirus derived polynucleotides and their use as vaccines |
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| US20070286872A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2007-12-13 | Vanderbilt University | Live Attenuated Nidovirus Vaccines |
| EP1649053A4 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2006-10-18 | Chinese Nat Human Genome Ct Sh | CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EARLY LEVELS OF THE VIRUS OF HEAVY ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) AND USES THEREOF |
| US7452542B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2008-11-18 | Vanderbilt University | Live attenuated coronavirus vaccines |
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| KANG, H. et al.,Biochemical and Genetic Analyses of Murine Hepatitis Virus Nsp15 Endoribonuclease,Journal of Virology,81(24),2007年12月,pp.13587-13597 |
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| KR20200014269A (ko) | 2020-02-10 |
| CA3055247C (en) | 2024-02-27 |
| CA3055247A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| JP2020513845A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
| US11684667B2 (en) | 2023-06-27 |
| EP3589731A4 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| WO2018160977A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN110892063A (zh) | 2020-03-17 |
| JP2023030122A (ja) | 2023-03-07 |
| EP3589731A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| RU2019129680A (ru) | 2021-04-05 |
| PH12019502010A1 (en) | 2020-03-16 |
| BR112019018251A2 (pt) | 2020-06-23 |
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