JP7255787B2 - 組織適合特性を有する抗菌剤の組成物および使用 - Google Patents
組織適合特性を有する抗菌剤の組成物および使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2012年3月23日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/615,150号、2012年4月18日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/625,757号、2012年4月18日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/625,760号、および2012年10月19日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/716,242号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの各々の開示事項は、認められる限りにおいてその全体が本明細書に参照により援用される。
独で、毎年およそ1200万件の外傷性損傷が、救急診療で治療されている。加えて、5000万件超の外科手術が行われている(入院患者および外来患者)。米国保健福祉省は、一年に170万件超の医療関連感染があり、毎年およそ100000万人の死亡と300億ドルの医療コストをもたらしていると指摘している。これらの医療関連感染の多くは、バリアの破壊がきっかけである。例としては、外科手術部位感染(SSI)、カテーテル関連尿路感染、および人工呼吸器関連肺炎が挙げられる。褥瘡(床ずれ)および糖尿病性足部潰瘍に関連する慢性創傷は、それ自体の独特の問題を提示する。
ポリマーは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)ではない。
本明細書で述べる水性組成には、様々な合成カチオン性ポリペプチドを用いることができる。実施形態では、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドは、正に帯電したアミノ酸(例:リジン、アルギニン)の繰り返しユニットもしくは残基のセグメント、および疎水性アミノ酸(例:ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン、アラニン)の繰り返しユニットもしくは残基の別のセグメントを含む。例としては、1つ以上の繰り返しリジンアミノ酸のセグメントまたはブロック、および1つ以上の繰り返しロイシンアミノ酸のセグメントまたはブロックから成る、全体構造がKxLyであるコポリペプチドが挙げられる(図1)。種々の実施形態では、(1もしくは複数の)合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの1つ以上は、少なくとも4
0アミノ酸残基の鎖長を有するセグメントを含む。種々の実施形態では、(1もしくは複数の)合成カチオン性ポリペプチドは、実質的にすべてが天然アミノ酸であるサブユニットを含む。ある実施形態では、(1もしくは複数の)合成カチオン性ポリペプチドは、少なくとも5つの連続するカチオン性アミノ酸残基を含有する少なくとも1つのセグメント、および少なくとも5つの連続する疎水性アミノ酸残基を含有する少なくとも1つのセグメントを特徴とする。例えば、ある場合では、ポリペプチドは、少なくとも5つの連続する繰り返しリジンアミノ酸ユニットを含む1つ以上のセグメント、および少なくとも5つの連続する疎水性繰り返しアミノ酸(例:ロイシン)を含む1つ以上のセグメントを含む。ある場合では、カチオン性ポリペプチドは、50から200以上のリジンアミノ酸残基を含有するリジンブロックを有する比較的長鎖の分子であってよい。合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの例としては、K50(rac‐L)10、K50(rac‐L)20、K50(rac‐L)30、K50(rac‐L)40、K50(rac‐L)50、K50L10、K50L20、K50L30、K50L40、K50L50、K100(rac‐L)10、K100(rac‐L)20、K100(rac‐L)30、K100(rac‐L)40、K100(rac‐L)50、K100L10、K100L20、K100L30、K100L40、K100L50、K200(rac‐L)10、K200(rac‐L)20、K200(rac‐L)30、K200(rac‐L)40、K200(rac‐L)50、K200L10、K200L20、K200L30、K200L40、K200L50が挙げられる(図2(表1))。その他の合成カチオン性ポリペプチド(例:リジンセグメントがより長いもしくは短い、およびロイシンセグメントがより長いもしくは短い)も想定される。また、本発明は、カチオン性セグメントが、アルギニンなどのその他のアミノ酸を含んでよく、ならびに疎水性ブロックが、ロイシン、アラニン、バリン、および/またはイソロイシンが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない1つ以上の疎水性アミノ酸を含有してよいその他の合成カチオン性ポリペプチドも含む。ある場合では、セグメントの1つ以上が、疎水性および親水性アミノ酸を含むアミノ酸のランダム配列を有してよい。
チドは、1.0mg/mL以下の合成カチオン性ポリペプチド濃度での標準的な60分間時間‐殺菌アッセイにおいて、表皮ブドウ球菌および大腸菌の3log超の殺菌が得られる場合に、抗菌活性を有すると見なされる。実施形態では、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドは、100μg/mL以下の合成カチオン性ポリペプチド濃度での標準的な60分間時間‐殺菌アッセイにおいて、表皮ブドウ球菌および大腸菌の3log超の殺菌が得られる抗菌活性を有する。図9~12に示されるように、これらの合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの実施形態は、グラム陽性およびグラム陰性細菌の両方に対して、生体外での抗菌活性を示す。この活性は、水性媒体中の合成カチオン性ポリペプチドを用いた生体外での時間‐殺菌アッセイで示される。さらに、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの実施形態は、図13に示されるように、生体外での抗バイオフィルム活性を示した。これらの効果は、バイオフィルムのマトリックス中に存在するアニオン性電荷とカチオン性ポリペプチドが結合することで部分的には説明することができる可能性が高い。加えて、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの界面活性剤様の活性も、抗バイオフィルム効果に寄与し得る。また、本発明の組成物は、バイオフィルムの構造および/または電荷を変化させ得るものであり、そのことが、その他の剤(例:局所投与または全身投与された抗生物質)がバイオフィルムを貫通することを可能とし、それによって活性が高められるということも認識される。
図14~16に示されるように、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドの実施形態は、黄色ブドウ球菌、表皮ブドウ球菌、緑膿菌、および大腸菌に対する生体外での時間‐殺菌アッセイによって示されるように、他の薬理学的に許容されるポリマーの存在下にて、その抗菌活性の実質的にすべてを維持することが示された。これらの研究では、様々なセルロース系
の第二のポリマーを評価した。図11および13に示されるように、他の研究では、他の薬理学的に許容される(ポリマー界面活性剤)の存在下、生体外にて抗菌活性が維持されることが示された。実施形態では、水性組成物の抗菌活性は、100μg/mL以下の(1もしくは複数の)合成カチオン性ポリペプチド濃度での標準的な60分間時間‐殺菌アッセイにおいて、表皮ブドウ球菌および大腸菌の3log超の殺菌である。別の実施形態では、水性組成物は、されに、40mg/mL以下の全ポリマー濃度にて、生体外においてバイオフィルムを破壊または阻害する能力も特徴とする。
テクスチャ分析プロファイルを用いて、ブロックコポリペプチド組成および疎水性エナンチオマー純度の、ブロックコポリペプチド/HEC混合物の機械特性に対する効果を特定した(図20)。個々の成分の堅さ値の測定から、水中のK100L40の1%(重量/重
量)溶液が、2.94+/-0.25mNの堅さを有し、水中の1%(重量/重量)HECの溶液が、5.38+/-0.32mNの堅さを示すことが示された(図21(表5))。1%(重量/重量)K100L40および1% HEC(重量/重量)を一緒に混合することにより、22.77+/-0.90mNの値まで堅さが大きく上昇する結果となったこれは、14.45mNの相互作用パラメータ値に相当し、個々の成分の相加的寄与から期待されるものと比較して170%を超える全体としての上昇に当たる。図20bに示されるように、類似の傾向が接着性に対しても観察された。比較のために、濃度1%(重量/重量)のジブロックコポリペプチドK100(rac‐L)40(ラセミ疎水性ブロックを含有)と濃度1%(重量/重量)のHECとの組み合わせも、堅さおよび接着性の向上を示したが、その増加は、エナンチオマー的に純粋な疎水性ブロックを含有するK100L40の場合ほど顕著ではなかった。疎水性ブロックの長さも効果を及ぼすことが示された。1%(重量/重量)K100L20および1%(重量/重量)HECの混合物は、いずれかのバイオポリマー単独と比較して堅さの上昇を示したが、その効果は、K100L40よりも小さかった。興味深いことに、K100L20は、接着仕事については逆に作用した。さらに、そのラセミ疎水性ブロックが短いK100(rac‐L)20は、まったく効果を示さなかった。リジンホモポリペプチド、K100およびK200も、HEC単独の堅さまたは接着性を高めることはなく、実際には、逆の活性を示すように思われた。
レオロジー測定により、K100L40とHECとの間の相乗的相互作用がさらに支持される。図22において、振動歪スイープ(oscillatory strain sweep)および振動数依存スイープ(frequency dependent sweep)の両方で効果が見られる。単独では、1%(重量/重量)K100L40は、比較的脆く弱いゲルの特性を示した。歪スイープ分析では、ゲルの脆い性質が、γ=0.01近辺での低歪率におけるゲルネットワークの分解によって観察され;振動数スイープ分析では、弾性率(1ラジアン/秒にてG’=22Pa)である弱いゲルの形成が示された。比較のために、1%(重量/重量)HECは、粘性流体により特徴的であるレオロジー特性を示した。1% HEC溶液の歪スイープ分析では、試験したすべての歪率を通して、弾性率(G’)よりも高い損失弾性率(G”)が示され(図21A)、振動数スイープでも、より高い振動数(約100ラジアン/秒)に到達するまで、G’よりも高いG”値が示された(図21B)。1%(重量/重量)K100L40を1%(重量/重量)HECと混合することで、レオロジー特性の著しい変化が観察された。特に、混合物の歪スイープ分析では、直線粘弾性領域が1桁分延長され、γ=0.1近辺でG’の減少を示した。振動数スイープでは、1ラジアン/秒にてG’=141Paという弾性率の大きな相乗効果的増加を示し、これは、1%(重量/重量)K100L40単独の弾性率(G’=22Pa)に対して7倍の増加である。
合成カチオン性ポリペプチドおよび他のポリマーの混合物は、生体内にて抗菌活性の向
上を示すことができる。特に、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドは、ミセル溶液として、およびヒドロゲルとして、生体内において組織の被覆に用いることができる(図23)。この組織被覆は、電荷相互作用を通して、カチオン性ペプチドが、損傷組織上に提示されるアニオン性電荷(ならびに細菌バイオフィルム中のアニオン性電荷)に結合することを含み得る。加えて、自己組織化および架橋が、組織に結合し、それを被覆する物質の量を増加させ得るものであり、従って、種々の生物学的活性および応答に影響を与え得る。
合成カチオン性ポリペプチドと2つの異なるポリマー(ポリエチレングリコール400およびヒドロキシエチルセルロース)との混合物を含む水性組成物は、いずれも生体内において効果的であることが見出された。図25に示されるように、K100(rac‐L)20は、単独およびPEG400との組み合わせで、ブタ開放創治療モデルに効果的であった。図26に示されるように、K100L40は、単独およびヒドロキシエチルセルロースとの組み合わせで、微生物汚染の予防に効果的であった。さらに、データから、混合物の高められた生物物理学的特性により、合成カチオン性コポリペプチド単独と比較して、生体内での抗菌活性を改善することができることが示唆される。本明細書で述べる水性組成物は、感染の予防、感染の治療、局所的抗感染治療、微生物除菌のための治療、創傷治療、外科手術部位治療、外傷治療、熱傷治療、糖尿病性足部潰瘍の治療、眼の治療、膣内感染の治療、尿路感染の治療、手の消毒、プロステーシスデバイスおよび/またはインプラントのコーティング用、食物の保存、ならびに溶液の保存を含むがこれらに限定されないいずれか1つ以上の治療および/または投与のために用いることができる。
7)。この場合、実施形態は、1つの面がコーティングされた長方形スポンジの外観、または全面がコーティングされた球状スポンジ(テニスボールを思わせる)の外観を有し得る。これは、止血が必要とされる出血創傷の治療に特に有利であり得る(図28~29)。
Claims (16)
- バイオフィルムの治療のための医薬組成物であって:
バイオフィルム形成を支持することが出来る部位に適用する組成物であり、
前記部位が、バイオフィルムを含み、
前記組成物が、
少なくとも40アミノ酸残基の鎖長を有し、並びに正に帯電したアミノ酸残基の繰り返しのセグメント及び他の疎水性繰り返しアミノ酸残基のセグメントを有する、1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドを含み;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、中性のpHにおいてカチオン性であり;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、バイオフィルム中の微生物を阻害するか殺菌するものであり;及び
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、水性媒体中において多量体を形成する、
組成物。 - 前記部位が、急性創傷、慢性創傷、失活した組織、及び外来性物体からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外来性物体が、プロステーシスデバイス、メッシュ、人工呼吸器、及びカテーテルからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記メッシュが、移植可能なメッシュである、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記メッシュが、合成メッシュである、請求項3又は4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドではない薬理的に許容可能なポリマーをさらに含む、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドの抗菌活性が、100μg/mL以下の濃度で水性組成物において、標準的な60分間時間-殺菌アッセイ(time-kill assays)において、表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)および大腸菌(Escherichia coli)の3l
og超の殺菌である、請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。 - 創傷部位における、バイオフィルムの治療のための医薬組成物であって:
創傷部位において、バイオフィルムを接触させる組成物であり、
前記組成物が、
少なくとも40アミノ酸残基の鎖長を有し、並びに正に帯電したアミノ酸残基の繰り返しのセグメント及び他の疎水性繰り返しアミノ酸残基のセグメントを有する、1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドを含み;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、中性のpHにおいてカチオン性であり;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、バイオフィルム中の微生物を阻害するか殺菌するものであり;及び
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、水性媒体中において多量体を形成する、
組成物。 - 前記創傷部位が、急性創傷、慢性創傷、及び失活した組織からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドではない薬理的に許容可能なポリマーをさらに含む、請求項8又は9に記載の医薬組成物。
- バイオフィルムの治療のための医薬組成物であって:
バイオフィルム形成を支持することが出来る医療器具上の部位に適用する組成物であり、
前記部位が、バイオフィルムを含み、
前記組成物が、
少なくとも40アミノ酸残基の鎖長を有し、並びに正に帯電したアミノ酸残基の繰り返しのセグメント及び他の疎水性繰り返しアミノ酸残基のセグメントを有する、1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドを含み;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、中性のpHにおいてカチオン性であり;
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、バイオフィルム中の微生物を阻害するか殺菌するものであり;及び
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが、水性媒体中において多量体を形成する、
組成物。 - 前記部位が、プロステーシスデバイス、メッシュ、人工呼吸器、及びカテーテルからなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記メッシュが、移植可能なメッシュである、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記メッシュが、合成メッシュである、請求項12又は13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、合成カチオン性ポリペプチドではない薬理的に許容可能なポリマーをさらに含む、請求項11~14の何れか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 創傷部位又は医療器具上のバイオフィルムの治療のための組成物の製造における1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドの使用であって:
前記1つ以上の合成ポリペプチドが:
少なくとも40アミノ酸残基の鎖長を有し、並びに正に帯電したアミノ酸残基の繰り返しのセグメント及び他の疎水性繰り返しアミノ酸残基のセグメントを有する、1つ以上の合成カチオン性ポリペプチドを含み;
中性のpHにおいてカチオン性であり;
バイオフィルム中の微生物を阻害するか殺菌するものであり;及び
水性媒体中において多量体を形成する、
使用。
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| GB201711555D0 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-08-30 | Kent Innovation & Entpr | Antibacterial compounds |
| US11541105B2 (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2023-01-03 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Compositions and methods for disrupting biofilm formation and maintenance |
| WO2020178865A1 (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Capretto Ehf. | Microbial removal |
| CN109847090B (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-08-31 | 深圳市康乐美科技有限公司 | 一种具有抗菌、柔软特性的卫生巾 |
| EP3982909A4 (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2023-11-29 | Avadim Health, Inc. | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR ANTISEPTIC TREATMENT OF BIOFILMS ON MAMMALIAN TISSUE |
| NZ793134A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2025-10-31 | Amicrobe Inc | Compositions and uses of locally applied synthetic amino acid polymers for prevention and treatment of viral infections |
| CN112048084A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江隆泰医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种低温交联的聚乙烯醇复合抗菌肽材料的制备方法 |
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