JP7036362B2 - Plant root activation method and cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for activating plant roots and a cultivation method using the method for activating plant roots, and in particular, for plant roots capable of suppressing an excessive increase in soil water content, which is a cause of excessive humidity. It relates to an activation method.

In recent years, in the cultivation of fruit trees, pot cultivation in which fruit trees are planted and cultivated in containers such as pots and planters has become widespread nationwide. , Momo (Kanagawa Prefecture), etc. In particular, in the pot cultivation of oysters, it has been reported that the pot cultivation has a light labor and labor saving effect on the bud picking work.

Although the present inventor cultivates blueberries in pots, it has been observed that in the cultivation method in which irrigation is performed on a regular basis, the grass vigor of individuals cultivated in over-humidified soil is significantly deteriorated. With the usual irrigation method in pot cultivation, it is difficult to change the amount of irrigation for each pot individually, but the soil moisture in the pot varies depending on the weather, tree vigor, and seedling size, so the soil becomes overhumid. It is conceivable that it will be. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method for giving an appropriate amount of water to each pot.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for activating plant roots capable of suppressing an excessive increase in soil water content, which is a cause of excessive humidity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method using such a method for activating plant roots.

As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor can adjust the soil water content within an appropriate range by injecting oxygen or air as a gas into the soil, whereby the soil water content can be adjusted. It was found that it is possible to suppress the excessive rise of. In addition, the present inventor activates the metabolism of root cells by injecting oxygen or air as a gas into the rooting region (root region) in the soil, and the nutrient water from the roots is replenished. We also found that increased absorption could lead to increased root mass in plants and promotion of foliage growth.

As described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-106563, in hydroponics, a method of supplying water in which oxygen is dissolved to a growing object such as a root to promote the growth of a plant is also known. However, if water or nutrient solution containing oxygen is used for the purpose of supplying oxygen to the root area in soil cultivation, the water content of the soil and the concentration of fertilizer in the soil will become too high, so the growth of plants will be rejected. It can get worse. From this point as well, it can be said that the effect produced by injecting oxygen or air as a gas into the soil is amazing.

That is, the method for activating plant roots of the present invention is characterized by including a first step of injecting an oxygen-containing gas into a region in which a plant roots in soil.

A preferred example of the method for activating plant roots of the present invention further comprises a second step of irrigating the plant.

In another preferred example of the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the first step and the second step are alternately repeated.

In another preferred example of the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, a porous tube is embedded in the soil, and an oxygen-containing gas is applied to a region where the plant roots through the porous tube. inject.

Further, the cultivation method of the present invention is characterized by using the above-mentioned method for activating plant roots.

A preferred example of the cultivation method of the present invention further comprises a third step of locally applying carbon dioxide to the plant.

In another preferred example of the cultivation method of the present invention, the method for activating plant roots is applied to a plurality of plants at the same time.

In another preferred example of the cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation of the plant is pot cultivation.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for activating plant roots capable of suppressing an excessive increase in soil water content, which is a cause of excessive humidity, and a cultivation method using such a method for activating plant roots. can.

It is a schematic diagram of an example of the cultivation system which can be used for the activation method of the plant root of this invention and the cultivation method of this invention. A schematic diagram (a) of an example of a porous tube that can be used in the method for activating a plant root of the present invention and the cultivation method of the present invention and a schematic diagram (b) of an embodiment of the porous tube are shown. A comparison of the above-ground parts of blueberries cultivated in the Air plot and the untreated plot is shown (photographed on November 19, 2016). The comparison between the above-ground part and the underground part of the blueberries cultivated in the Air plot and the untreated plot is shown (photographed on June 1, 2017).

Hereinafter, the method for activating the plant root of the present invention and the method for cultivating the present invention will be described in detail.

The method for activating plant roots of the present invention is characterized by including a step of injecting an oxygen-containing gas into a region in which a plant roots in soil (hereinafter, also referred to as a first step or an oxygen-containing gas injection step). And. The method for activating plant roots of the present invention adjusts the soil water content within an appropriate range by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into a region where the plant roots in the soil, and excessively increases the soil water content. Can be suppressed, the metabolism of root cells can be activated, the absorption of nutrient water from the roots can be increased, the root mass of plants can be increased, and the growth of foliage can be promoted.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas injection step is carried out under the same conditions for plant cultivation in an environment where the soil water content can be high due to the influence of irrigation or the weather, or for a plurality of plants. It is preferable to carry out when cultivating underneath. Suitable soil moisture content in plant cultivation depends on the target plant, and can be exemplified in the range of, for example, 35 to 45%. Therefore, when the soil water content exceeds the above-specified range, it is preferable to perform an oxygen-containing gas injection step to adjust the soil water content.

In the present specification, the soil water content refers to the volume percentage of water per soil volume, and the soil volume content% (m ³ / m ³ ) is shown as the soil water content (%). Further, the soil moisture content can be measured by a method using a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensor or the like that can measure the dielectric constant.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, oxygen or air is usually used as the oxygen-containing gas, but a mixed gas adjusted to have an oxygen concentration higher than the oxygen concentration in the air (about 21% by volume) is used. You may use it.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, a tube for injecting oxygen-containing gas is embedded in the soil from the viewpoint of directly injecting oxygen-containing gas into a region (root area) where plants take root in the soil. It is preferable to do so. Further, since the plant roots spread in all directions in the soil, it is preferable that the tube for injecting the oxygen-containing gas is porous in the soil. Therefore, in the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, it is particularly preferable that a porous tube is embedded in the soil and oxygen-containing gas is injected into the region where the plant roots through the porous tube.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the porous tube has a plurality of pores, preferably a large number of fine pores, which allow oxygen-containing gas to pass from the inside of the porous tube to the outside. It is a conduit formed in, and a conduit made of a porous resin is preferable. As the porous tube, a commercially available product can be preferably used.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, for example, oxygen-containing gas is introduced from an oxygen-containing gas supply source (oxygen-containing gas-filled tank, ambient environment, etc.) to an oxygen-containing gas injection pipe via a pressure feeder such as a compressor. It can be supplied and oxygen-containing gas can be injected into the root region from the oxygen-containing gas injection tube. Here, when the oxygen-containing gas injection pipe is porous, the pipe portion buried in the soil and the pipe portion in contact with the soil surface are porous, and the other pipe portions are non-porous. Is preferable. Therefore, it is preferable to make a part of the oxygen-containing gas injection tube porous, or to connect the porous tube and the non-porous tube to form an oxygen-containing gas injection tube.

In the oxygen-containing gas injection step, the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas is preferably 0.1 to 0.4 MPa, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, and the flow rate is preferably 20 to 40 L / min, more preferably. It is injected into the root area under the condition of 20-30 L / min. Further, in the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas injection step can be continuously performed until the soil water content is within an appropriate range, but it is preferably performed a plurality of times a day. It is preferably performed 3 to 8 times a day, and more preferably 3 to 5 times a day.

From the viewpoint of activating plant roots, it is effective to add a sharpness of dryness and humidity in addition to suppressing an excessive increase in soil water content that causes excessive humidity. Plant roots grow well when the soil water content immediately after irrigation changes from a relatively high state to a low state, and conversely, they grow well when the soil water content changes from a relatively low state to a high state due to irrigation. Is. Therefore, the method for activating plant roots of the present invention preferably further includes a step of irrigating the plant (hereinafter, also referred to as a second step or an irrigation step), and the oxygen-containing gas injection step (first). It is more preferable to alternately repeat the step) and the irrigation step (second step).

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the irrigation step is not particularly limited, and the irrigation step performed by a normal cultivation method can be applied. For example, even if the irrigation process of supplying the same amount of water or nutrient solution to each pot on a regular basis causes a pot in which the soil is in an overhumid state, the subsequent oxygen-containing gas injection process causes soil moisture. The amount can be adjusted within the appropriate range.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, the irrigation step is preferably performed a plurality of times a day, preferably 3 to 8 times a day, and more preferably 3 to 5 times a day. In addition, the amount of irrigation at one time is usually adjusted to a range suitable for the growth of plants, but when the irrigation process is applied to multiple plants at the same time, the individual with the highest amount of irrigation required is selected. Determined by criteria, it is common for all plants to be irrigated with the same amount. For example, the amount of irrigation can be determined based on the one with the largest amount of soil and the one with the largest pot size in the case of pot cultivation.

In the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, for example, nutrient solution is supplied from a nutrient solution supply source (such as a nutrient solution tank) to a nutrient solution supply pipe via a pressure feeder such as a compressor, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution supply pipe. The plant can be irrigated. In the cultivation method of the present invention, the irrigation step is, for example, a step of injecting a nutrient solution into the root area rather than irrigating the above-ground part (stem, leaf, etc.) of the plant when the plant is a fruit tree. In this case, it is also possible to use the same conduit as the nutrient solution supply pipe and the oxygen-containing gas injection pipe, preferably a porous pipe, by using a switching valve or the like.

As described above, in the method for activating plant roots of the present invention, it is preferable to alternately repeat the oxygen-containing gas injection step (first step) and the irrigation step (second step), but this repetition is preferable. It is preferably performed a plurality of times a day, preferably 3 to 8 times a day, and more preferably 3 to 5 times a day. In this case, the oxygen-containing gas injection step can be performed at any time between one irrigation step and the next irrigation step, but for example, when the size of the pot used for pot cultivation is large or the soil water content is high. It is preferable to set a long time for performing the oxygen-containing gas injection step. Also, oxygen-containing gas after a short time after the completion of irrigation (for example, 1 to 60 minutes after the completion of irrigation, preferably 3 to 30 minutes, more preferably 5 to 15 minutes) than immediately after the completion of irrigation. It is preferable to start the injection step.

When the method for activating the plant roots of the present invention includes a irrigation step, it is preferable from the viewpoint of activating the plant roots as compared with the case where only the oxygen-containing gas injection step is performed, but the effect of alleviating the excessive humidity state of the soil is It gets lower. Therefore, when the method for activating the plant root of the present invention includes a irrigation step and there is an individual cultivated in a soil in an overhumid state (for example, soil water content of 50 to 60%). It is preferable that the method for activating plant roots of the present invention is continuously carried out for at least 10 days, more preferably at least 30 days.

Next, the cultivation method of the present invention is characterized by using the above-mentioned method of activating the plant root of the present invention. That is, the cultivation method of the present invention preferably includes the oxygen-containing gas injection step (first step) and further preferably includes the irrigation step (second step), and the first step and the second step are It is more preferable that the process is repeated alternately.

Further, the cultivation method of the present invention preferably further includes a step of locally applying carbon dioxide gas to the plant (hereinafter, also referred to as a third step or a CO ₂ application step). In addition, in this specification, "locally applying carbon dioxide gas to a plant" means directly giving a high concentration (700-800 ppm) of carbon dioxide gas to a plant. This makes it possible to promote photosynthesis.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, for example, carbon dioxide gas is supplied from a carbon dioxide gas supply source (carbon dioxide gas filling tank or the like) to a carbon dioxide gas supply pipe via a pressure feeder such as a compressor, and a plant is preferably used from the carbon dioxide gas supply pipe. Can supply carbon dioxide to the leaves of plants (local application). In the cultivation method of the present invention, the CO ₂ application step is preferably performed on the above-ground part of the plant, but for example, it comes out of the soil of the conduit used as the oxygen-containing gas injection pipe or the nutrient solution supply pipe. If the portion is porous, the porous pipe can be used as a carbon dioxide gas supply pipe.

The method for activating plant roots used in the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably applied to a plurality of plants at the same time. From the viewpoint of work and cost efficiency, it is preferable to cultivate multiple plants under the same conditions when cultivating them at the same time, but when cultivating multiple plants under the same conditions, the weather and tree vigor Depending on the size of the seedlings, it is possible that the soil will be over-humidified. However, the above-mentioned method for activating plant roots of the present invention is preferable because it can suppress an excessive increase in soil water content. In addition, the method for activating plant roots of the present invention can suppress an excessive increase in soil water content by the oxygen-containing gas injection step, and thus has an adverse effect on individuals cultivated under normal soil conditions. Is not given.

In the present invention, the cultivation of plants is preferably pot cultivation in which plants are planted and cultivated in a container such as a pot or a planter, and it is more preferable to cultivate a plurality of plants at the same time. For example, due to differences in weather, tree vigor, and seedling size, the soil becomes over-humidified, and problems that worsen the grass vigor of individuals are more likely to occur due to pot cultivation of multiple plants. It is more effective to apply the present invention to the above. In pot cultivation, the "region in which plants take root in the soil" usually refers to the entire soil in the container.

The target plant in the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes citrus fruits such as blueberries, raspberries, oranges and lemons, cherry blossoms, apples, pears, biwa, grapes, mangoes, papayas, dragon fruits, bananas and the like. Fruit trees and the like are preferably mentioned.

In the present invention, various parameters such as daytime, light intensity, irrigation amount, relative humidity, CO ₂ concentration, soil pH, and soil EC (Electric Conductivity (electrical conductivity): fertilizer concentration can be estimated) are used for plant growth. It is preferable to adjust to a suitable range. In addition, such parameters can be realized by using various devices such as a light source, a heater, a cooling facility, a blower, a dehumidifier, a humidifier, a ventilation fan, a dry mist, and a blackout curtain alone or in combination. .. For that purpose, a closed system room using artificial light incorporating these devices and a greenhouse using ordinary sunlight equipped with these devices can be used.

Next, the method for activating the plant root of the present invention and the cultivation system that can be used for the cultivation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a cultivation system that can be used in the method for activating plant roots of the present invention and the cultivation method of the present invention. The cultivation system of the illustrated example includes an oxygen-containing gas supply source 1, a nutrient solution supply source 2, a carbon dioxide gas supply source 3, a switching valve 4, a plurality of pots 5, an oxygen-containing gas supply source 1, and a switching valve 4. A conduit 6 connecting the above, a conduit 7 connecting the nutrient solution supply source 2 and the switching valve 4, a conduit 8 connecting the carbon dioxide gas supply source 3 and the switching valve 4, a switching valve 4 and each pot 5. A conduit 9 is provided, and the tip of the conduit 9 is composed of a porous tube 10 and is buried in the soil 11 in each pot 5. The conduits 6 to 8 and the conduit 9 are non-porous except for the porous tube 10 portion.

In the cultivation system of the illustrated example, the oxygen-containing gas may be supplied from the oxygen-containing gas supply source 1 to the conduit 9 via the conduit 6 and the switching valve 4, and the oxygen-containing gas may be injected from the porous pipe 10 into the root region. can. Further, the nutrient solution can be supplied from the nutrient solution supply source 2 to the conduit 9 via the conduit 7 and the switching valve 4, and irrigation can be performed in the root area from the porous pipe 10. Further, carbon dioxide gas can be supplied from the carbon dioxide gas supply source 3 to the conduit 9 via the conduit 8 and the switching valve 4, and carbon dioxide gas can be supplied (locally applied) to the plant from the porous pipe 10. In the cultivation system of the illustrated example, since the local application is applied to the leaves of the plant, the entire porous tube 10 constituting the tip of the conduit 9 may be buried in the soil 11. However, it is preferable that a part of it is exposed above the ground. In such a cultivation system, it is preferable to use the switching valve 4 because a common conduit 9 can be used as the oxygen-containing gas injection pipe, the nutrient solution supply pipe and the carbon dioxide gas supply pipe.

The cultivation system of the illustrated example supplies fluid from the oxygen-containing gas supply source 1, the nutrient solution supply source 2, and the carbon dioxide gas supply source 3 to the conduit 6, the conduit 7, and the conduit 8 at an appropriate pressure and flow rate. It is preferable to provide a pump (not shown) downstream of the source. When air is used as the oxygen-containing gas in the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas supply source is preferably an ambient environment, and in this case, the oxygen-containing gas can be supplied to the conduit 6 via a pumping machine. be.

In the cultivation system of the illustrated example, it is preferable that a control device (not shown) is connected to the pressure feeder and the switching valve in order to control the pressure and flow rate of the fluid and the switching valve.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view (a) of an example of a porous tube that can be used in the method for activating a plant root of the present invention and the cultivation method of the present invention, and a schematic view (b) of an embodiment of the porous tube. .. The porous pipe 20 shown in FIG. 2A is buried in the soil and has an oxygen-containing gas in the buried portion 21 for injecting the oxygen-containing gas into the root region and the buried portion 21 exposed to the ground from the soil surface. The exposed portion is composed of an exposed portion for supplying the above, and the exposed portion is a connecting portion connecting the annular portion 22 arranged on the soil surface so as to surround the plant and the annular portion 22 and the non-porous tube. It is preferably composed of 23. The porous tube of the illustrated example includes two embedded portions 21, but the present invention is not limited to this, and one or three or more embedded portions may be provided.

When the method for activating plant roots of the present invention and the method for cultivating the present invention are carried out for a plurality of plants, the porous tube 20 shown in FIG. 2 (a) is used for each plant, preferably for each pot. It is preferable that it is arranged in. FIG. 2B shows a schematic view of the usage mode of the porous tube in which the porous tube 20 shown in FIG. 2A is arranged in the pot 25 in which the plant 24 is planted. According to the usage mode of the illustrated example, the oxygen-containing gas can be injected into the root region from the buried portion 21, and the oxygen-containing gas can be injected into the root region from the annular portion 22 as well, which is preferable. Further, since the porous tube 20 is provided with an exposed portion, it can also be used as a carbon dioxide gas supply tube.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Materials and methods]
<Test plant>
Southern high bush blueberry "Sharpblue" 3-8 year old saplings were used.
<Experimental facility>
An experiment was conducted in a glass greenhouse in a plant factory of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. In addition, two treatment areas were set up in the glass greenhouse. One was an Air plot that injects air into the soil, and the other was an untreated plot that did not inject air into the soil. In each treatment plot, pot cultivation was carried out simultaneously for 3 seedlings.
-Oxygen-containing gas injection process Air is supplied to the tube from the air compression injection machine "(trade name) ACP-50" manufactured by Ryobi, and air is injected into the soil through the porous tube connected to the tip of the tube. did.
A non-porous tube was used as the tube, and a porous tube shown in FIG. 2 produced from a water tube manufactured by Daiwa Exceed Co., Ltd. was used as the porous tube.
The pressure and flow rate of the air injected from the air compression injector was controlled by using the CO2 local application controller "Breath" manufactured by Tenuto Co., Ltd. as a control device.
・ Irrigation process A nutrient solution containing liquid fertilizer mixed with water was supplied to the soil via a drip tube. Regular irrigation based on illuminance proportional irrigation was performed.
<Experimental method>
From November 16, 2016, pot cultivation was carried out by hydroponic soil cultivation. Irrigation was performed 5 times a day at regular times (9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, 17:00). In the Air group, immediately after the completion of each irrigation, air was injected into the soil under the conditions of a pressure of 0.2 MPa and a flow rate of 22.5 L · min ^-1 for 1 hour.

[Results and discussion]
Table 1 shows the soil moisture content of the Air plot and the untreated plot measured on December 14, and the soil moisture content of the Air plot and the untreated plot measured on January 11. The soil water content is an average value measured at four locations for each pot using a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensor. As can be seen from Table 1, the effect of reducing soil water content could be confirmed in the Air group.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison of the above-ground parts of blueberries cultivated in the Air plot and the untreated plot (photographed on January 19, 2017). No shoots were found in the untreated plot, but in the Air plot, many shoots were found, as indicated by the arrows.
FIG. 4 shows a comparison between the above-ground part and the underground part of blueberries cultivated in the Air plot and the untreated plot (photographed on June 1, 2017). It can be seen that the roots of blueberries are well developed in the Air plot.
From the above results, it is possible to alleviate the over-humidity of the soil by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the area (root area) where the plant takes root in the soil, thereby increasing the root mass of the plant. It was possible to promote the growth of foliage.

1 Oxygen-containing gas supply source 2 Nutrient solution supply source 3 Carbon dioxide gas supply source 4 Switching valve 5 Pot 6,7,8,9 Conduit 10 Porous pipe 11 Soil 20 Porous pipe 21 Buried part 22 Circular part 23 Connecting part 24 Plant 25 pots

Claims (6)

The first step of injecting oxygen-containing gas into the area where plants take root in the soil ,
The second step of irrigating the plants
It is a method of activating plant roots including
A method for activating plant roots, wherein the first step and the second step are alternately repeated 3 to 8 times a day . The activity of a plant root according to claim 1 , wherein a porous tube is embedded in the soil, and an oxygen-containing gas is injected into a region where the plant has roots through the porous tube. How to make it. A cultivation method comprising the method for activating a plant root according to claim 1 or 2 . The cultivation method according to claim 3 , further comprising a third step of locally applying carbon dioxide gas to the plant. The cultivation method according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the method for activating plant roots is applied to a plurality of plants at the same time. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5 , wherein the cultivation of the plant is pot cultivation.

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