JP7003662B2 - プリプレグおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
プリプレグおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7003662B2 JP7003662B2 JP2017538737A JP2017538737A JP7003662B2 JP 7003662 B2 JP7003662 B2 JP 7003662B2 JP 2017538737 A JP2017538737 A JP 2017538737A JP 2017538737 A JP2017538737 A JP 2017538737A JP 7003662 B2 JP7003662 B2 JP 7003662B2
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- thermosetting resin
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Images
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Description
次の(a)~(e)の操作によりCAIを測定した。
(a)0°を長さ方向として、プリプレグを[45/0/-45/90]2Sの積層構成で16ply積層した。
(b)積層したプリプレグをポリアミドフィルムで隙間のないように覆い、オートクレーブ中で昇温速度1.5℃/分で180℃まで昇温した後、温度180℃、圧力7kg/cm2で2時間加熱加圧して硬化し、平板状の擬似等方材(炭素繊維強化プラスチック)を得た。
(c)平板状の炭素繊維強化プラスチックより、0°を長さ方向とし、長さ150±0.25mm、幅100±0.25mmのCAI試験片を切り出した。
(d)ASTM D7136/7136M-07に規定する試験方法に従い、落錘衝撃工程および超音波探傷を行い、損傷面積を測定した。パネルに与えたインパクトのエネルギーは、成形板厚さ9点の平均から算出し、一律28.4Jとした。
(e)ASTM D7137/7137M-07に規定する試験方法に従い、“インストロン(登録商標)”万能試験機4208型を用い、CAIを測定した。測定した試験片の数は5とし、平均値をCAIとした。
次の(a)~(c)の操作により、層間摩擦係数を測定した。
(a)図3に示すように、0°を長さ方向として、幅40mm、長さ150mmに裁断した1層目のプリプレグ8に、幅30mm、長さ105mmに裁断した2層目のプリプレグ7を幅30mm、長さ15mmの範囲でオーバーラップするように積層し、さらに2層目のオーバーラップ部に接するように幅30mm、長さ65mmのスペーサー9用プリプレグを積層した後、幅40mm、長さ150mmの3層目のプリプレグ8を1層目と重なるように積層した。その後、幅40mm×長さ150mmの離型紙6を1層目および3層目の外側に重なるよう貼り付けた。
(b)オーバーラップ部とスペーサーの長さ10mmの範囲(幅30mm、長さ70mmの範囲)を、加熱源を有した圧板5を用いて、所定の温度に温調しながら168Nの一定垂直荷重を加えた。
(c)垂直荷重を加え始めて30秒後に、2層目のプリプレグを繊維方向に引抜速度0.2mm/minで引抜きながら、引抜荷重を測定した。引抜きとともに2層目のプリプレグが垂直荷重を受けるオーバーラップ部の面積が減少するため、引抜き変位で換算したオーバーラップ部の面積で受ける垂直荷重の2倍、すなわち168N×(15mm-引抜き変位)÷(70mm-引抜き変位)×2で引抜き荷重を割ったものを層間摩擦係数とし、引抜開始から5分後および10分後、すなわち引抜き変位1mmおよび2mmにおける層間摩擦係数をそれぞれ5回測定し、それぞれの平均値を層間摩擦係数の値とした。
次の(a)~(d)の操作により、ホットフォーミング賦形試験およびしわ判定を行った。
(a)0°を長さ方向として[45/-45/0/90]2Sの積層構成で、プリプレグを16枚積層し、幅15cm、長さ15cmのプリプレグ積層体を作製した。
(b)図4に示すような、幅5cm、高さ10cm、X=6cm、Y=0.8cmの段差が設けられ、全辺がR=5mmの賦形型12をシリコンラバー13、シール15が具備されたフレーム14に賦形型の長手方向が0°となるようにプリプレグ積層体をセットし、60℃に設定したオーブンで30分温調した。
(c)プリプレグ積層体10を賦形型12の上に配置し、オーブン内で10分温調した後、フレーム14内を150秒かけて真空引き11した。これによって、積層体の両端部が90°曲げられた賦型後プリプレグ積層体16が得られた。
(d)賦型後プリプレグ積層体16の曲げられた部分の内側に生成するしわを、「しわ発生」および「しわなし」の2段階で判定した。
プリプレグを、繊維方向を同方向に揃えて16ply積層した。積層したプリプレグをポリアミドフィルムで隙間のないように覆い、オートクレーブ中で昇温速度1.5℃/分で180℃まで昇温した後、温度180℃、圧力7kg/cm2で2時間加熱加圧して硬化し、一方向強化材(炭素繊維強化プラスチック)を得た。繊維方向を0°として、この一方向強化材の0°カット断面を、炭素繊維と熱硬化性樹脂との界面が明確に見えるまで研磨し、その表面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、繊維層間に存在する樹脂層中の熱可塑性樹脂粒子を観察した。この際に、粒状の熱可塑性樹脂粒子と周囲の熱硬化性樹脂との界面が明確に見える場合は不溶とした。一方、熱可塑性樹脂粒子が周囲の熱硬化性樹脂との区別がつかない場合は可溶とした。
(a)熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子の調製
透明ポリアミド(製品名:“Grilamid(登録商標)”-TR55、EMSER Werke社)90質量部、エポキシ樹脂(製品名:“エピコート(登録商標)”828、シェル石油化学社製)7.5質量部および硬化剤(製品名:“トーマイド(登録商標)”#296、フジ化成工業株式会社製)2.5質量部を、クロロホルム300質量部およびメタノール100質量部を含有する溶媒混合物に加えて均一な溶液とした。次に、得られた均一な溶液を塗装用スプレーガンで霧化し、n-ヘキサン3000質量部の液体表面に向けて噴霧した。沈殿した固体を濾過により分離し、n-ヘキサンで十分に洗浄し、次いで100℃で24時間真空乾燥させて、熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な球状エポキシ変性ポリアミド粒子を得た。得られたエポキシ変性ポリアミド粒子をCCEテクノロジーズ社製のCCE分級機で分級した。得られた粒子の90体積%粒子径は28μm、CV値が60%であった。また、得られた粉体を、明細書中に記したように走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察したところ、真球度は96の微粒子形状、平均粒子径は14μmであった。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物の調製に用いた材料は次の通りである。
・“Araldite(登録商標)”MY9655(テトラグリシジルジアミノジフェノルメタン、Huntsman社製)
・“EPON(登録商標)”825(液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、Hexion社製)
(熱可塑性樹脂)
・“スミカエクセル(登録商標)”PES5003P(ポリエーテルスルホン、住友化学(株)社製)
(硬化剤)
・“Aradur(登録商標)”9664-1(4,4’―ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、Huntsman社製)
これらを用いて、熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)~(D)を次の手順で作製した。
13質量部のPES5003Pを、混練機中で60質量部の“Araldite(登録商標)”MY9655および12.6質量部の“Epon(登録商標)”825に加えて溶解させた。次いで硬化剤として、“Aradur(登録商標)”9664-1を45質量部加えてさらに混練して熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)を作製した。
16質量部のPES5003Pを、混練機中で60質量部の“Araldite(登録商標)”MY9655および40質量部の“EPON(登録商標)”825に加えて溶解させ、さらに上記「(a)熱可塑性樹脂粒子の調製」で調製した熱可塑性樹脂粒子を80質量部加えて混練した。次いで硬化剤として“Aradur(登録商標)”9664-1を45質量部加えてさらに混練して熱硬化性樹脂組成物(B)を作製した。
16質量部のPES5003Pを、混練機中の60質量部の“Araldite(登録商標)”MY9655および40質量部の“EPON(登録商標)”825に加えて溶解させた。次いで硬化剤として“Aradur(登録商標)”9664-1を45質量部加えてさらに混練して熱硬化性樹脂組成物(C)を作製した。
13質量部のPES5003Pを、混練機中で60質量部の“Araldite(登録商標)”MY9655および40質量部の“EPON(登録商標)”825に加えて溶解させた。次いで硬化剤として、“Aradur(登録商標)”9664-1を45質量部加えてさらに混練して熱硬化性樹脂組成物(D)を作製した。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。その後、バリア層を構成する樹脂として、固形エポキシ樹脂“jER(登録商標)”1001(ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、三菱化学(株)製)を乳鉢で粉体となるよう粉砕し、32μmの目の篩を用いて、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に、片面10g/m2ずつ乗せた。なお、“jER(登録商標)”1001は25℃では固体であり、粘弾性測定装置“ARES―G2”(TA Instruments社製)を用い、昇温速度2℃/分、振動周波数0.5Hz、パラレルプレート(直径40mm)の条件下で測定した粘度は、80℃で120Pa・sであった。次いで、両面を離型紙で挟み、バグフィルムで密封した後、60℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きした。さらに、上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(B)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、バリア層を乗せた繊維層の両面に積層し、バグフィルムで密封した後、50℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きすることにより、バリア層の上に熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含む樹脂層を積層した。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。その後、バリア層を構成する樹脂として、固形エポキシ樹脂“jER(登録商標)”1001を乳鉢で粉体となるよう粉砕し、32μmの目の篩を用いて、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に、片面10g/m2ずつ乗せた。次いで、両面を離型紙で挟み、バグフィルムで密封した後、60℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きした。さらに、上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(C)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量23g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、バリア層を乗せた繊維層の両面に積層し、バグフィルムで密封した後、50℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きした。さらに、熱硬化性樹脂に可溶な固形熱可塑性樹脂の粒子として、粒子状のPES5003Pを、プリプレグ両面に片面7g/m2ずつ乗せることにより、バリア層の上に熱硬化性樹脂に可溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含む樹脂層を積層した。このようにして、繊維層の両面に、バリア層および樹脂層が配置され、繊維質量が270g/m2でマトリックス樹脂の質量含有率が34質量%のプリプレグを作製した。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(D)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量20g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。その後、バリア層を構成する樹脂として、固形エポキシ樹脂“jER(登録商標)”1001を乳鉢で粉体となるよう粉砕し、32μmの目の篩を用いて、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に、片面10g/m2ずつ乗せた。次いで、両面を離型紙で挟み、バグフィルムで密封した後、60℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きした。さらに、上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(B)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、バリア層を乗せた繊維層の両面に積層し、バグフィルムで密封した後、50℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きすることにより、バリア層の上に熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含む樹脂層を積層した。このようにして、繊維層の両面に、バリア層および樹脂層が配置され、繊維質量が190g/m2でマトリックス樹脂の質量含有率が39質量%のプリプレグを作製した。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(D)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、実施例1と同様の条件、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。さらに、上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(B)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量20g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧してすることにより、繊維層の上に熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含む樹脂層を積層した。このようにして、繊維層の両面に、樹脂層が配置され、繊維質量が190g/m2でマトリックス樹脂の質量含有率が34.5質量%のプリプレグを作製した。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。その後、バリア層を構成する樹脂として、固形エポキシ樹脂“jER(登録商標)”1001を乳鉢で粉体となるよう粉砕し、32μmの目の篩を用いて、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に、片面10g/m2ずつ乗せた。次いで、両面を離型紙で挟み、バグフィルムで密封した後、60℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きした。さらに、上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(B)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、バリア層を乗せた繊維層の両面に積層し、バグフィルムで密封した後、50℃に温調しながら5分間真空引きすることにより、バリア層の上に熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含む樹脂層を積層した。このようにして、繊維層の両面に、バリア層および樹脂層が配置され、繊維質量が270g/m2でマトリックス樹脂の質量含有率が34質量%のプリプレグを作製した。切込挿入工程は行わなかったので、プリプレグに含まれる炭素繊維は全て連続の炭素繊維であり、不連続の炭素繊維を含まなかった。
上記の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(D)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量40g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製した。次に、作製したこの2枚の樹脂フィルムを、一方向に配列されたシート状の炭素繊維(“トレカ(登録商標)”T800S-12K)の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧して樹脂を炭素繊維シートに含浸させ、繊維層を作製した。さらに上記の熱可塑粒子を含まない熱硬化性樹脂組成物(C)をナイフコーターで離型紙に塗布して、樹脂量30g/m2の樹脂フィルムを2枚作製して、先ほど作製した繊維層の両面に積層し、加熱・加圧することにより、繊維層の上に熱可塑性樹脂の粒子を含まない樹脂層を積層した。このようにして、繊維層の両面に樹脂層が配置され、繊維質量が270g/m2でマトリックス樹脂の質量含有率が34質量%のプリプレグを作製した。切込挿入工程は行わなかったので、プリプレグに含まれる炭素繊維は全て連続の炭素繊維であり、不連続の炭素繊維を含まなかった。
2:プリプレグ
3:正切込
4:負切込
5:圧板
6:離型紙
7:2層目のプリプレグ
8:1層目、3層目のプリプレグ
9:スペーサー用プリプレグ
10:プリプレグ積層体
11:真空引き
12:賦形型
13:シリコンラバー
14:フレーム
15:シール
16:賦型後プリプレグ積層体
θ:切込角度
L:分断された炭素繊維の長さ
l:切込の長さ
Claims (5)
- 一方向に配向した不連続の炭素繊維と熱硬化性樹脂とを含む繊維層の少なくとも片面に、熱硬化性樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂を含む樹脂層が存在するプリプレグであって、該樹脂層が、熱硬化性樹脂に可溶な固形熱可塑性樹脂粒子、または、熱硬化性樹脂に不溶な熱可塑性樹脂粒子を含み、樹脂層と繊維層との境界に、40~80℃において、樹脂層中の熱硬化性樹脂よりも高粘度な温度域が存在する樹脂からなるバリア層が存在し、該プリプレグに含まれる炭素繊維の繊維質量が120~300g/m2、プリプレグ全質量に対する樹脂の質量含有率が25~50%であり、前記プリプレグを3層積層し、中央のプリプレグを引き抜いた際のプリプレグ同士の接触面の層間摩擦係数を、引抜速度0.2mm/min、垂直応力0.08MPa、引抜長さ1mmの条件下において、40~80℃の温度範囲で10℃刻みに測定した場合に、該層間摩擦係数が0.05以下となる温度が40~80℃の温度範囲内に存在する、プリプレグ。
- 前記層間摩擦係数の測定において層間摩擦係数が0.05以下となる温度領域が20℃以上の幅の温度領域において存在する、請求項1に記載のプリプレグ。
- 前記層間摩擦係数の測定において、引抜長さ1mmにおける層間摩擦係数に対する、引抜長さ2mmにおける層間摩擦係数の上昇率が40%以内となる温度が、引抜長さ1mmにおける層間摩擦係数が最低となる温度の上下10℃以内に存在する、請求項1または2に記載のプリプレグ。
- プリプレグを擬似等方に積層および成形し、ASTM D7137/7137M-07に準拠して測定した衝撃後圧縮強度が250MPa以上である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のプリプレグの製造方法であって、一方向に配向した連続の炭素繊維と熱硬化性樹脂とを含む繊維層における連続繊維に切込を挿入することによって、一方向に配向した不連続の炭素繊維と熱硬化性樹脂とを含む繊維層を形成する工程を含む、プリプレグの製造方法。
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| RU2730361C2 (ru) * | 2015-12-16 | 2020-08-21 | Торэй Индастриз, Инк. | Препрег, слоистое тело, армированный волокном композитный материал и способ изготовления армированного волокном композитного материала |
| US10921859B2 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2021-02-16 | Securaplane Technologies, Inc. | Composite electronics cases and methods of making and using the same |
| US11760053B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2023-09-19 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Prepreg, prepreg laminate, and fiber-reinforced composite material |
| WO2020235486A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、積層体および成形品 |
| JP7521182B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2024-07-24 | 株式会社明電舎 | 覆い部材 |
| WO2021117465A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ、積層体および一体化成形品 |
| CN111453523A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-28 | 山东省东平县华东纸业有限责任公司 | 韧性强度优良的三层抽纸及其制备方法 |
| CN116323129A (zh) * | 2020-10-06 | 2023-06-23 | 仓敷纺绩株式会社 | 纤维增强树脂拉拔成型体及其制造方法 |
| JP7577965B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-15 | 2024-11-06 | 東レ株式会社 | トウプレグ、および繊維強化複合材料 |
| JP7507890B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-28 | 2024-06-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 繊維強化シート積層体並びに繊維強化シート積層体の製造方法及び構造体の製造方法 |
| CN113561519B (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-28 | 昌亚新材料科技有限公司 | 纤维增韧的多层塑料型材及其制备方法、可降解食物餐盒 |
| JP2023049610A (ja) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-04-10 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | フィルム付きプリプレグ、およびフィルム付きプリプレグの製造方法 |
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2017
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- 2017-06-23 WO PCT/JP2017/023199 patent/WO2018003694A1/ja not_active Ceased
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- 2017-06-23 JP JP2017538737A patent/JP7003662B2/ja active Active
- 2017-06-23 RU RU2019100991A patent/RU2019100991A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-06-23 AU AU2017287341A patent/AU2017287341A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-23 CA CA3020078A patent/CA3020078C/en active Active
- 2017-06-23 CN CN201780032655.9A patent/CN109196026B/zh active Active
- 2017-06-23 EP EP17820051.5A patent/EP3476886A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-23 KR KR1020187031195A patent/KR102309912B1/ko active Active
- 2017-06-26 TW TW106121213A patent/TWI723188B/zh active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006169541A (ja) | 1996-12-18 | 2006-06-29 | Toray Ind Inc | プリプレグ |
| JP2003026768A (ja) | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-29 | Toray Ind Inc | エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料 |
| JP2007217665A (ja) | 2006-01-19 | 2007-08-30 | Toray Ind Inc | プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料 |
| WO2008038591A1 (fr) | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Procédé de fabrication d'une base préimprégnée composite, d'une base multicouche et d'une matière plastique renforcée de fibres |
| WO2016111190A1 (ja) | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-14 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグ |
| WO2017110991A1 (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 東レ株式会社 | プリプレグおよびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102309912B1 (ko) | 2021-10-07 |
| CN109196026B (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
| CA3020078C (en) | 2024-01-16 |
| BR112018071500A2 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
| CA3020078A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| WO2018003694A1 (ja) | 2018-01-04 |
| CN109196026A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
| AU2017287341A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
| US20190210301A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
| TWI723188B (zh) | 2021-04-01 |
| RU2019100991A (ru) | 2020-07-28 |
| EP3476886A1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
| KR20190022461A (ko) | 2019-03-06 |
| JPWO2018003694A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 |
| EP3476886A4 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
| TW201819489A (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
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