JP6910075B2 - 治療薬の送達のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
治療薬の送達のための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6910075B2 JP6910075B2 JP2018549291A JP2018549291A JP6910075B2 JP 6910075 B2 JP6910075 B2 JP 6910075B2 JP 2018549291 A JP2018549291 A JP 2018549291A JP 2018549291 A JP2018549291 A JP 2018549291A JP 6910075 B2 JP6910075 B2 JP 6910075B2
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Description
本出願は、全体において参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2016年3月28日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/314,286号の利益を主張する。
本明細書に記載されるシステム、方法および装置のいくつかの実施形態では、治療薬投与は従来の針−シリンジを使用して行なわれる。EMTADを用いて特定の薬剤を送達する必要は、TAAの問題にさらなるレベルの複雑さをもたらす。図1に図解されるように、従来の針−シリンジ注入では、針(5)が組織に挿入されると、組織(3)の表面に対する挿入の深さ(1)および角度(2)を制御するのは困難であり得る。付加的に、組織表面(3)における針の貫通点(4)は、標的組織内のオリフィス(6)の位置、および薬剤投与領域(7)を表すものではないかもしれない。例示的な例のように、経皮的な筋肉内注射は、2つの組織がしばしば互いに対して動き得るために、皮膚上の挿入部位に対応しないかもしれない。
従来の針−シリンジ注入によるTAAの場合には、注入速度は手術者間で異なり、それによって組織内での一貫しない薬剤分配を引き起こし得る。多数のデバイス配置がEMTADプロセスを完了するために求められる場合、追加の時間的な変動性がもたらされる。例えば、EMTADの1つの適用は、治療用タンパク質をコードするプラスミドDNAの投与、続いて電気穿孔を誘導する電界の生成を必要とする。EMTADの従来の方法を使用して、プラスミドは針−シリンジを用いて注入され、続いて電気穿孔デバイスが配置および活性化される。2つの別個のデバイス配置(最初の針−シリンジ、続くESAデバイス)が求められることで、この手順は、手術者による各デバイスの一貫しない時間的な適用から生じる被験体間の変動性をこうむりやすい。付加的に、2つの別個のデバイス配置の使用は、臨床医による各デバイスの配置と活性化との間に、避けることのできない時間間隔をもたらす。標的組織内の特定の領域への薬剤の適切な送達を達成するために、多数の適用部位が必要とされる場合、これはいっそうひどくなる。
用語「治療薬」は、生きている組織に望ましいまたは有益な効果を提供することができる薬剤を含む、その最も広い意味で、本明細書において使用される。したがって、該用語は、予防薬と治療薬の両方、およびそのような望ましい効果を有する他のカテゴリーの薬剤をも含む。明らかに、本開示の範囲は、分類されてはいるが、薬剤の制御された送達を含むだけ十分に広い。治療薬は、限定されないが、医薬薬剤およびワクチン、および核酸配列(超らせん構造を有する弛緩型の直鎖プラスミドDNA、RNA、アンチセンス構成物、人工染色体、または他の核酸塩基治療薬)、およびそれらの製剤を含む。そのような薬剤の処方は、限定されないが、カチオン性脂質、陽イオンおよび/または非イオンポリマー、リポソーム、食塩水、ヌクレアーゼ阻害剤、麻酔剤、ポロキサマー、保存剤、リン酸ナトリウム溶液、または治療薬の投与、安定性、および/または効果を改善することができる他の化合物を含む。さらなる処方は、投与された薬剤の粘度および電気的なインピーダンスを制御する性能を付与する薬剤と添加物を含む。
本明細書に記載される方法、装置およびシステムの使用によるEMTADによく適した標的組織は、例えば表皮、真皮、下皮、結合組織、および筋組織に位置する、健康な細胞と罹病細胞の両方を含む。当該技術はさらに、最小限の侵襲的な方法または他の外科的方法によってアクセスされなければならない、健康な器官または罹病器官での適用のために利用することができる。そのような標的組織は、肝臓、肺、心臓、血管、リンパ、脳、腎臓、膵臓、胃、腸、結腸、膀胱、および生殖器を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、所望の治療効果は、通常は標的組織内に位置する細胞型への、および前記組織内に例外的に見つかった他の細胞型への、ある量の薬剤の送達のために(例えば腫瘍の化学療法処置)、本明細書に記載の方法または装置を使用することによって導き出され得る。
一態様では、本明細書に記載される本開示は、治療薬の制御された投与と続くESAのための方法で使用されるシステムおよび装置を提供する。別の態様では、本明細書に記載される本開示は、ESA後の治療薬の制御された投与のための方法で使用されるシステムおよび装置を提供する。さらなる態様では、本明細書に記載される本開示は、ESAを伴う治療薬の制御された投与のための方法で使用されるシステムおよび装置を提供する。これらの方法は、範囲または連続的関係の点で限定されないが、処置パラメータの判定、被験体の準備手順、CTAA、ESA、および追加措置を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、処置パラメータは、治療薬の望ましい量および/または投与の持続期間に基づく。治療薬投与は、例えば、特定の徴候または処置適用(標的組織の種類および位置など)、および様々な被験体パラメータ(年齢と体重など)に依存し得る。治療薬の投与は、治療薬の投与とESAに関するパラメータによって制御され得る。CTAAに関する典型的な制御可能パラメータは、限定されないが、薬剤の量、薬剤の粘度、および注入量を含む。ESAに関する典型的な制御可能パラメータは、限定されないが、電気信号の特性、電気信号に曝される組織量、および電極列フォーマットを含む。CTAAとESAの相対的なタイミングおよび位置は、治療薬投与に対するさらなる制御を提供するパラメータである。
本明細書に記載の実施形態では、本明細書に記載される方法は、患者/被験体の準備工程を含んでもよい。被験体の準備工程は、限定されないが、消毒清浄、および局部または局所的、神経ブロック、脊髄ブロック、硬膜外ブロックまたは全身麻酔を含む麻酔投与を含んでもよい。筋肉内(IM)ESAの典型的な事例では、筋肉の電気刺激の効果を最小化するプロトコルが本明細書に記載の方法に含まれてもよく、例えば、熱制御(例えば筋肉を冷やす)、麻酔剤の投与、および/または不快感の緩和に十分な代替的な刺激パターンを含む。容認可能な代替手段が存在する場合、選ばれた被験体の準備技術は、治療の有効性に不利に影響しないことが理解されるよう。例えば、場合によっては、アミド系麻酔剤の筋内投与は、推定ではこれらの薬剤の軽い筋毒性、すなわち投与されたDNA塩基配列によってコードされるタンパク質を発現する筋細胞の性能を阻害することができる筋毒性ゆえに、筋肉内送達プラスミドDNA系治療に望ましくない効果を有し得ることが示されてきた。
本明細書に記載されるいくつかの実施形態では、CTAAとESAが併用される方法は、一貫したおよび再現可能な治療薬送達を可能にする。場合によっては、CTAAに適した装置が提供され、例えば、自動注射器具およびジェットインジェクターの少なくとも1つを含む装置が含まれる。
上肢又は下肢の骨格筋における核酸配列の細胞内輸送は、典型的なデバイス、例えば、本明細書で提供されるようなTriGrid Delivery System(TDS−IM)model IIの使用により増強され得る。幾つかの実施形態において、TDS−IMデバイスは、TDS−IMデバイスでの研究目的の使用のために承認された薬剤と共に使用される。典型的な実施形態において、承認された薬剤は、核酸、即ちDNA又はRNAである。幾つかの実施形態において、TDS−IMデバイスの使用は、必要とする被験体に制限される。
Claims (20)
- 被験体内の予め決められた組織部位への治療薬の制御された送達のための装置であって、該装置は:
針ハブ、内側カートリッジを含むカートリッジアセンブリであって、内側カートリッジはその内側に容器レシーバーを含み、容器レシーバーは治療薬を含む容器を受け、かつ容器は容器レシーバー内で針ハブに向かって前方位置へ移動し針ハブと係合するように構成される、カートリッジアセンブリ;
カートリッジアセンブリまたはその一部を受けるように構成されたカートリッジアセンブリレシーバー、および容器レシーバーへの容器の装填を感知するセンサーを含む容器挿入検知器、を含むアプリケーター;
針ハブとともに提供され、容器が前方位置にあるときに治療薬と流体連通し、およびそこを通って治療薬が投与される、少なくとも1つの注入オリフィス;
注入オリフィスに対して所定の空間的関係で配置された複数の細長い電極;
機械的なインターロックを含む容器インターロックであって、機械的なインターロックは内側カートリッジを通って容器レシーバーまで伸長するタブを含み、タブは容器が容器レシーバーに装填され終わった後、容器によって第1の位置から第2の位置に動かされ、タブが第1の位置にある時、容器インターロックは装置の作動をロックアウトするように、1)容器が針ハブと係合するのを防ぎ、2)注入オリフィスの被験体への挿入を防ぎ、3)複数の細長い電極の被験体内での展開を防ぎ、またタブが第2の位置にある時に、装置は作動するよう構成される、容器インターロック;
容器から注入オリフィスを通って被験体内の予め決められた部位へと、所定の速度で治療薬の所定量を運ぶのに十分な制御されたエネルギー源であって、制御されたエネルギー源は、
a.少なくとも1つのソレノイド、モーター、および/または主ネジを含む、1つ以上の電気機械的装置;
b.少なくとも1つのバネおよび/または関連するバネ装置を含む1つ以上の機械的なコンポーネント;または
c.1つ以上の圧縮ガス
から構成される、制御されたエネルギー源;
を含む、装置。 - 容器が容器レシーバーに装填され終わった後にタブが偏向させられなければアプリケーターへのカートリッジアセンブリの装填が物理的に妨害されるように、タブはアプリケーターに位置する対応する移動止め特徴部と相互に作用する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 複数のアパーチャを含む電極支持体であって、複数のアパーチャは細長い電極の所定の空間の関係に対応し、およびそこを通って細長い電極が伸長し、電極支持体構造は、細長い電極の展開方向に対して細長い電極の不注意による垂直移動を妨げる、電極支持体をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 電極支持体は適応性のある電極支持体であり、細長い電極の展開中に細長い電極の相対位置に密接に一致する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 適応性のある電極支持体は圧縮バネである、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 電極支持体は細長い電極の伸縮配向に対して垂直に位置づけられた平面構造を含み、複数のアパーチャの少なくとも1つのアパーチャは平面構造に対して垂直に配置された少なくとも1つの管状構造を含み、それによって、少なくとも1つの管状構造は細長い電極の少なくとも1つにさらなる支持を提供する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- カートリッジアセンブリはさらに、リブと端部を含む外広がりシールドを含み、リブと端部は、被験体の皮膚に係合し、および所定の組織部位への治療薬の投与のための針配置の方向に対して垂直な張力を装置にかける、請求項1に記載の装置。
- アプリケーターはさらに第2のエネルギー源を含み、第2のエネルギー源は、
a.少なくとも1つのソレノイド、モーター、および/または主ネジを含む、1つ以上の電気機械的装置;
b.少なくとも1つのバネおよび/または関連するバネ装置を含む1つ以上の機械的なコンポーネント;または
c.1つ以上の圧縮ガス
を含み、
第2のエネルギー源は、治療薬を運ぶ前または運ぶ間に被験体内の細長い電極の挿入のための駆動力を提供する、請求項1に記載の装置。 - カートリッジアセンブリはさらに、細長い電極の各々の近位部に動作可能に接続された1つ以上の電極接触部を含み、各電極接触部はアプリケーター上の電極接触部との力伝達のために構成された外側カートリッジ接触部を含み、アプリケーター上の電極接触部および各外側カートリッジ接触部はそれらの間に静的接続を有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- アプリケーターは制御されたエネルギー源および注入駆動プランジャを含み、制御されたエネルギー源は注入駆動モーターであり、それにより、注入駆動モーターは、治療薬を運ぶことを可能にするように注入駆動プランジャを動かすように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- カートリッジアセンブリはさらにスティックシールドおよびスティックシールド支持体を含み、スティックシールド支持体は、スティックシールドに当接し、およびスティックシールドがラチェット式に近位方向に移動するのを防ぐ、請求項1に記載の装置。
- スティックシールド支持体は、少なくとも5Nの力がスティックシールドに加えられた時に、スティックシールドが近位方向に移動するのを防ぐ、請求項11に記載の装置
- スティックシールドは、第1の選択された深さにおける前記装置の放出の場合にスティックシールドの近位の動きを妨げることができる第1の保定壁部と、被験体の第2の選択された深さにおいて前記装置の放出後にスティックシールドの近位の動きを妨げることができる第2の保定壁部を含む、請求項11に記載の装置。
- アプリケーターはさらに、カートリッジ装填センサーおよびカートリッジ装填済センサーを含む装填駆動機構サブアセンブリを含み、カートリッジ装填センサーは、装填を開始するためにカートリッジアセンブリを検知し、カートリッジ装填済センサーは、装填を停止するためにカートリッジアセンブリを検知する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 装填駆動機構サブアセンブリはさらに、ピニオンギアアセンブリへの接続部を含み、ピニオンギアアセンブリは、カートリッジアセンブリをアプリケーターに装填する際にカートリッジアセンブリの外側カートリッジ上のラックと係合し、カートリッジアセンブリをカートリッジアセンブリレシーバーへと引っ張る、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 力インターロックをさらに含み、力インターロックは被験体に加えられた力を検知し、および不十分な力が加えられた時には被験体への治療薬の投与を妨げる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 力インターロックはアプリケーター内に電気的なロックをさらに形成する、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 力インターロックは少なくとも1つのカートリッジ力センサー接触部をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 制御装置と力接触回路をさらに含み、ここで、前記予め決められた組織部位への前記複数の細長い電極の挿入に際して、適用された力における変化を検知することで、細長い電極が前記予め決められた組織部位で適切に配置され続けているかどうかのチェックの開始が促されるように、フィードバックループが前記制御装置と前記力接触回路との間に存在する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- アプリケーターと接続される制御装置は電界発生装置を含み、電界発生装置は細長い電極に動作可能に連結されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
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| US10111703B2 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2018-10-30 | Cosman Instruments, Llc | Electrosurgical generator |
| US9844634B2 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-12-19 | Dali Medical Devices Ltd. | Automatic needle apparatus |
| KR101740950B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-17 | 2017-06-15 | 주식회사 은성글로벌 | 니들을 이용한 피부 치료장치 |
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