JP6943393B2 - Information processing system, information processing method, server, information processing program, and blockchain data structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an information processing system, an information processing method, a server, an information processing program, and a blockchain data structure.

Conventionally, blockchain technology is known (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). For example, transaction information representing a transaction related to Bitcoin is written in each block of the blockchain, and it becomes difficult to falsify the transaction information.

Satoshi Nakamoto, "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", 2008

Tracking information that represents the distribution of an item, such as where the item, such as specific data or an article to be moved, occurs, what kind of transition is followed, and where it currently exists, is useful. Therefore, it is conceivable to record the tracking information of the item to be moved on the blockchain.

However, when the tracking information is recorded on the blockchain, the amount of data of the tracking information recorded on the blockchain increases as the number of items increases. Therefore, when recording item tracking information on the blockchain, there is a problem that the amount of data recorded on the blockchain increases exponentially as the number of items to be moved increases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is an information processing system and an information processing method capable of recording the tracking information of an item on a blockchain while reducing the amount of data of the tracking information of the item to be moved. , Servers, information processing programs, and blockchain data structures.

In order to achieve the above object, the information processing system according to the present invention is an information processing system including a server and a plurality of blockchain nodes, and the server identifies the item identification information and the presence or absence of the item. The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is stored in the accumulator, which is the data structure of the above, and is broadcast to a plurality of blockchain nodes. When the server receives the request signal including the identification information of the item to be tracked by recording the transaction data in the blockchain, the sender of the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal is moved. The sequence of transaction data corresponding to the address to be represented and the address to represent the destination and the sequence of accumulators corresponding to the sequence of transaction data are acquired from the blockchain, and the items to be tracked in each accumulator of the acquired series of accumulators. It is an information processing system that verifies whether or not the identification information is stored and outputs the verification result.

Further, the information processing method of the present invention is an information processing method executed in an information processing system including a server and a plurality of blockchain nodes, and the server identifies the item identification information to identify the presence or absence of the item. The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is stored in the accumulator, which is the data structure of the above, and is broadcast to a plurality of blockchain nodes. When the server receives the request signal including the identification information of the item to be tracked by recording the transaction data in the blockchain, the sender of the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal is moved. The sequence of transaction data corresponding to the address to be represented and the address to represent the destination and the sequence of accumulators corresponding to the sequence of transaction data are acquired from the blockchain, and the items to be tracked in each accumulator of the acquired series of accumulators. This is an information processing method that verifies whether or not the identification information is stored and outputs the verification result.

Further, the server of the present invention stores the item identification information in an accumulator which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of the item, and includes an address indicating the source of the item, an address indicating the destination of the item, and an accumulator. It is a server that executes the process of broadcasting transaction data to multiple blockchain nodes.

Further, when the server of the present invention receives the request signal including the identification information of the item to be tracked, it represents the address representing the sender and the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. A blockchain in which transaction data including a series of transaction data corresponding to an address and a series of accumulators corresponding to a series of transaction data is recorded, including an address representing the source of the item, an address representing the destination of the item, and an accumulator. It is a server that executes processing that verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.

The information processing program of the present invention stores item identification information in an accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item, and includes an address representing the source of the item, an address representing the destination of the item, and an accumulator. When the transaction data is broadcast to multiple blockchain nodes and a request signal including the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal is moved, indicating the sender. The sequence of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the address and destination and the sequence of accumulators corresponding to the sequence of transaction data are acquired from the blockchain, and the item to be tracked is identified in each accumulator of the acquired series of accumulators. It is an information processing program for making a computer execute a process that verifies whether or not information is stored and outputs the verification result.

The blockchain data structure of the present invention is a block in which transaction data including an address representing an item sender, an address representing an item destination, and an accumulator, which is a data structure in which item identification information is stored, is recorded. It is a chain data structure, and is a blockchain data structure used for tracking the item by verifying whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in the accumulator.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effect that the tracking information of the item can be recorded in the blockchain while reducing the amount of data of the tracking information of the item to be moved.

It is a figure which shows an example of the schematic structure of the information processing system of this embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of a computer functioning as each device which constitutes an information processing system. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the processing of the information processing system of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the accumulator and transaction of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the processing of the information processing system of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the accumulator and transaction of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the processing of the information processing system of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the accumulator and transaction of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the processing of the information processing system of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the accumulator and transaction of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the accumulator and transaction of this embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<System configuration of information processing system>

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an information processing system 10 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the information processing system 10 of the present embodiment includes a terminal 12, a server 14, and a blockchain node 16. Each device of the information processing system 10 is connected by a network 20 such as the Internet. The blockchain node is simply referred to as "blockchain node 16" except when a specific node among the plurality of blockchain nodes 16A, 16B, 16C is described. Further, the terminal is simply referred to as "terminal 12" except when a specific terminal among a plurality of terminals 12A, 12B, and 12C is described.

Although three blockchain nodes are shown in FIG. 1, more blockchain nodes may be included. Further, although three terminals are shown in FIG. 1, more terminals may be included.

Tracking information that represents the state of distribution of an item such as specific data or an article is useful information. For example, by acquiring the tracking information of the item, the user can confirm what kind of route the item follows and what kind of place it arrives at.

Here, it is considered to construct a system that allows a plurality of users to easily acquire the tracking information while appropriately managing the tracking information of the item.

When constructing such a system, there is a problem that the tracking information must be shared on the system so that a plurality of users can acquire the tracking information. Further, the problem is that the amount of tracking information data increases as the number of items to be moved increases.

In order to solve the first problem, the information processing system 10 of the present embodiment stores the tracking information of the item in the blockchain. By using the blockchain, it is possible to easily access the tracking information from a plurality of users and to make it difficult to falsify the tracking information. Further, as a method of solving the second problem after recording the tracking information on the blockchain, the following two methods can be considered.

(1) Reduce the amount of tracking information data to be recorded on the blockchain (for example, record only a part of the tracking information on the blockchain).
(2) The amount of tracking information data is reduced by streamlining the method of recording tracking information on the blockchain.

In the present embodiment, the amount of tracking information data is reduced by the method (2) of the above two methods. Specifically, the information processing system 10 of the present embodiment stores an accumulator, which is an existing technology, in a blockchain. By storing the accumulator in the blockchain, the amount of data recorded in the blockchain is reduced. In addition, the accumulator series can be used as tracking information for the item to be moved. Therefore, it is possible to record the tracking information of the item on the blockchain while reducing the amount of data of the tracking information of the item to be moved. Further, by executing a predetermined process on the accumulator, it is possible to verify whether or not a certain element is stored in the accumulator.

As the accumulator, those disclosed in Reference 1 and Reference 2 below are known.

Reference 1: Dan Boneh, Benedikt Bunz, Ben Fisch, "Batching Techniques for Accumulators with Applications to IOPs and Stateless Blockchains", Stanford University, <https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/1188.pdf>
Reference 2: Thaddeus Dryja, "Utreexo: A dynamic hash-based accumulator optimized for the Bitcoin UTXO set", MIT Digital Currency Initiative, <https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/611.pdf>

The accumulator disclosed in Reference 1 is an RSA Accumulator in which the size of the accumulator is fixed and the order of the items stored in the accumulator is irrelevant. The RSA Accumulator is a one-way function like a hash function. Further, the accumulator disclosed in Reference 2 is a hash-based accumulator using a complete binary tree. In this embodiment, a case where an RSA Accumulator is used as an accumulator will be described as an example.

Each device included in the information processing system 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores programs for realizing each processing routine, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. ), It is realized by a computer including a memory as a storage means, a network interface, and the like.

The terminal 12, the server 14, and the blockchain node 16 can be realized by, for example, the computer 70 shown in FIG. The computer 70 includes a CPU 71, a memory 72 as a temporary storage area, and a non-volatile storage unit 73. Further, the computer 70 has an input / output interface (I / F) 74 to which an input / output device or the like (not shown) is connected, and a read / write (R / W) unit 75 that controls reading and writing of data to a recording medium. To be equipped with. Further, the computer 70 includes a network I / F76 connected to a network such as the Internet. The CPU 71, the memory 72, the storage unit 73, the input / output I / F 74, the R / W unit 75, and the network I / F 76 are connected to each other via the bus 77.

The storage unit 73 can be realized by a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), a flash memory, or the like. A program for operating the computer 70 is stored in the storage unit 73 as a storage medium. The CPU 71 reads the program from the storage unit 73, expands it in the memory 72, and sequentially executes the processes included in the program.

<Action of information processing system 10>

Next, the operation of the information processing system 10 of the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the case where the information processing system 10 tracks the distribution of goods will be described as an example.

For example, a QR code (registered trademark) to be attached to a product is generated by a system different from the information processing system 10. For example, a QR code (registered trademark) is generated for each product at the time of manufacturing the product, and the QR code (registered trademark) is attached to the product. The QR code (registered trademark) is generated for each product unit to be tracked.

Then, for example, at the timing when the product is shipped or received, the QR code (registered trademark) attached to the product is read by a predetermined reading device, and the identification information of the product corresponding to the QR code (registered trademark) (hereinafter referred to as “registered trademark”). , Simply referred to as the "product ID"). The ID of this product is stored in the accumulator described later. The ID may be assigned to any unit such as a lot unit.

A plurality of products to which a QR code (registered trademark) is affixed are delivered to each base (for example, a store, a warehouse, a factory, etc.). Each base where products are distributed has a pair of a private key and a public key. Then, for example, the movement of goods between bases (for example, movement from factory A to warehouse B) is represented by a transaction on the blockchain. The sender and destination in a transaction on the blockchain correspond to the sender of the product and the destination of the goods. When the product arrives at each base, the QR code (registered trademark) affixed to the product is read, and information indicating that the product has arrived at that base is recorded on the blockchain. Then, when the product arrives at the user, the tracking information of the product can be confirmed by reading the QR code (registered trademark) attached to the product.

For example, when the QR code (registered trademark) attached to the product is read by the terminal 12 of the information processing system 10 at the timing when the product is shipped or received, the sequence shown in FIG. 3 is executed.

In step S100, the terminal 12 outputs a signal indicating a request for creating an accumulator and a destination of the product obtained by reading the QR code (registered trademark) to the server 14.

In step S102, the server 14 acquires each information output in step S100. Then, the server 14 initializes the target accumulator that stores the information obtained from the product ID.

In step S104, the terminal 12 outputs the ID of the product obtained by reading the QR code (registered trademark) to the server 14.

In step S106, the server 14 acquires the ID of the product output in step S104. Then, the server 14 stores the information obtained from the product ID in the accumulator initialized in step S102.

For example, if the information obtained from the ID of the product (x) H (x) is stored in the accumulator _{A i,} stored ID of the product (x) is the accumulator _{A i} according to the following equation, a new accumulator _{A i + 1} Generated. In the following equation, H represents a hash function, and i represents an index for identifying the accumulator. The hash function H is a function for mapping elements to prime numbers and is known.

A _{i + 1} = A _i ^{H (x)}

When a plurality of products exist, the process of step S107 including the step S104 and the step S106 is repeated for the number of products. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, when (v, w, x, y, z) exists as the product ID, the product ID (v, w, x) exists in the accumulator A1. , Y, z) stores the information obtained.

In step S108, the server 14 generates transaction data including the accumulator generated in step S106. For example, the server 14 generates transaction data TX including an address 1 representing the sender of each product, an address 2 representing the destination of each product, and an accumulator A1, as shown in FIG. 4 (B).

In step S110, the server 14 broadcasts the transaction data generated in step S108 to the blockchain node 16.

In step S112, the blockchain node 16 acquires the transaction data broadcast in step S110 and records the transaction data in the blockchain. As a result, when the product is shipped or received, the product ID is stored in the accumulator, and transaction data including information on the product sender, the product destination, and the accumulator is recorded on the blockchain.

Therefore, the blockchain of the present embodiment includes a transaction including an address representing the sender of the product, an address representing the destination of the product, and an accumulator which is a data structure in which information obtained from the ID of the product is stored. It has a structure in which data is recorded. As will be described later, this blockchain is used for tracking the item by verifying whether or not the ID of the item to be tracked is stored in the accumulator.

By executing the sequence of FIG. 3 at the timing when the goods are received or shipped, transaction data including the goods sender, the goods destination, and the accumulator is recorded in the blockchain. It should be noted that an accumulator is not generated every time a product arrives or is shipped, and once an accumulator is created, the accumulator continues to be used in principle. However, as will be described later, when the goods are transported to different places, the accumulator is generated again. In addition, the accumulator series recorded on the blockchain is used when tracking products.

The sequence of FIG. 3 is a sequence in which all of a plurality of products are transported from a certain source to a certain destination. Therefore, in the following, a case where some of the plurality of products are transported to a certain destination and the remaining products of the plurality of products are transported to another destination will be described. When some of the products are transported to a certain destination and the remaining products of the plurality of products are transported to another destination, the sequence of FIG. 5 is executed.

In the sequence of FIG. 5, when the destination of the first product and the destination of the second product of the plurality of items are different, the server 14 uses the information obtained from the ID of the first product as the first accumulator. The information obtained from the ID of the second product is stored in the second accumulator.

Specifically, first, in step S200, the terminal 12 outputs a signal indicating an accumulator creation request and a different destination of each product obtained by reading the QR code (registered trademark) to the server 14. ..

In step S202, the server 14 acquires each information output in step S200. Then, the server 14 initializes the target accumulator that stores the information obtained from the product ID. Specifically, the server 14 initializes accumulators having different destinations.

In step S204, the terminal 12 outputs the ID of each product obtained by reading the QR code (registered trademark) to the server 14.

In step S206, the server 14 acquires the ID of the product output in step S204. Then, the server 14 stores the information obtained from the ID of each product in each of the accumulators initialized for each destination in step S202. The IDs of products with the same destination are stored in the same accumulator.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, a case where (v, w, x, y, z) exists as a product ID will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 6A, the product ID (v) is transported to the destination corresponding to the address 2-1 and the product ID (w, x, y, z) corresponds to the address 2-2. It is transported to the destination. In this case, the accumulator A2 corresponding to the address 2-1 and the accumulator A3 corresponding to the address 2-2 are generated. Then, the accumulator A2 stores the information obtained from the product ID (v), and the accumulator A3 stores the information obtained from the product ID (w, x, y, z).

In step S208, the server 14 generates transaction data including the accumulator generated in step S206. For example, the server 14 has an address 1 representing the source of the product (v, w, x, y, z), the accumulator A1, and an address representing the destination of the product (v), as shown in FIG. 6 (B). A transaction data TX including 2-1 and accumulator A2, an address 2-2 representing a destination of goods (w, x, y, z) and accumulator A3 is generated.

In step S210, the server 14 broadcasts the transaction data generated in step S208 to the blockchain node 16.

In step S212, the blockchain node 16 acquires the transaction data broadcast in step S210 and records the transaction data in the blockchain. As a result, when the product is shipped or received, the product ID is stored in the accumulator, and transaction data including information on the product sender, the product destination, and the accumulator is recorded on the blockchain.

Next, a case where goods are transported from a plurality of different senders to the same destination will be described. In this case, the sequence of FIG. 7 is executed.

In the sequence of FIG. 7, when the destination of the first product and the destination of the second product among the plurality of products are the same, the server 14 has the ID of the first product and the ID of the second product. And are stored in the same accumulator.

Specifically, first, in step S300, the terminal 12 acquires the latest transaction data of the target product from the blockchain node 16 via the server 14. Then, the terminal 12 acquires the accumulator included in the transaction data.

In step S301, the terminal 12 outputs the accumulator acquired in step S300 and the destination of the target product to the server 14.

In step S302, the terminal 12 outputs the ID of the product to be added to the accumulator acquired in step S300 to the server 14.

In step S304, the server 14 acquires the ID of the product output in step S302. Then, the server 14 adds the ID of the product to be added, which is output from the terminal 12, to the accumulator.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, a case where (v, x) exists as a product ID will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 8 (A), the product ID (v) is transported from the address 3-1 to the address 4-1 and the product ID (x) is transported from the address 3-2 to the address 4-1. NS. In this case, the terminal 12 acquires the accumulator A2 corresponding to the address 3-1 and outputs the accumulator A2 to the server 14. Then, the server 14 adds the information obtained from the product ID (x) to the accumulator A2 to generate a new accumulator A6. As a result, the accumulator A6 stores the information obtained from the product IDs (v, x).

In step S306, the server 14 generates transaction data including the accumulator generated in step S304. For example, the server 14 has an address 3-1 representing the sender of the product ID (v), an accumulator A2, and an address 3 representing the sender of the product ID (x), as shown in FIG. 8 (B). Generates transaction data TX including -2, accumulator A4, address 4-1 representing the destination of goods (v, x), and accumulator A6.

In step S308, the server 14 broadcasts the transaction data generated in step S306 to the blockchain node 16.

In step S310, the blockchain node 16 acquires the transaction data broadcast in step S308 and records the transaction data in the blockchain. As a result, when the product is shipped or received, the product ID is stored in the accumulator, and transaction data including information on the product sender, the product destination, and the accumulator is recorded on the blockchain.

By executing each of the above sequences of FIGS. 3, 5, and 7, the accumulator sequence which is the tracking information of the product is stored in the blockchain.

Next, a case where the user tracks the product will be described. In this case, the sequence shown in FIG. 9 is executed.

In the sequence of FIG. 9, when the server 14 receives the request signal including the ID of the product to be tracked, the server 14 represents the address representing the sender and the destination representing the movement of the product corresponding to the ID included in the request signal. The transaction data series corresponding to the address and the accumulator series corresponding to the transaction data series are acquired from the blockchain. Then, the server 14 verifies whether or not the ID of the product to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.

Specifically, first, in step S400, the terminal 12 operated by the user who intends to track the product outputs the ID of the product to be tracked and the final destination to the server 14.

In step S402, the server 14 acquires the ID of the product output in step S400 and the final destination. Then, the server 14 acquires the transaction data including the address of the final destination of the product from the blockchain.

In step S404, the server 14 verifies whether or not the accumulator included in the transaction data acquired in step S402 includes the product ID. For example, it is possible to verify whether or not the product ID (x) is included in the accumulator A by calculating the following equation.

The following equation is an example when using the RSA accumulator, which provides the inclusion proof of the existence of the element x in the accumulator A as π = A ^{1 / x.} By comparing the values of the accumulator A, it is shown that the accumulator A contains x.

π ^x = A

The server 14 refers to the address of the source of the transaction data including the address of the final destination of the product, and traces the transaction data to which the source is the destination. By repeating this, a plurality of transaction data of the goods to be tracked are acquired by the server 14. Therefore, the process of step S405 including step S402 and step S404 is repeatedly executed.

In step S408, the server 14 outputs a verification result indicating whether or not the ID of the product to be tracked is included in the accumulators assigned to the plurality of transaction data to the terminal 12.

In step S410, the terminal 12 acquires the verification result output in step S408 and displays it on the display unit (not shown). The user who wants to track the product confirms the verification result displayed on the display unit. As a result, the user can confirm what kind of distribution channel the tracked product has followed.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a case where the user confirms the distribution route of the product (x) will be described as an example. Note that FIG. 11 is transaction data in each phase of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 11, the accumulator including the product (x) is searched in the destination of the address 5-1 which is the final destination, and the accumulator A6 of the transaction TX4 of FIG. 10 is specified.

Next, it is confirmed that the accumulator A6 contains the product (x). Then, the sender (address 4-1: A6) associated with the destination (address 5-1: A6) of the transaction TX4 is specified. Since the accumulator A6 of the sender (address 4-1: A6) is the same as the accumulator A6 of the destination (address 5-1: A6), the existence of the product (x) is not confirmed.

Next, the destination (address 4-1: A6) of the transaction TX3 associated with the sender (address 4-1: A6) of the transaction TX4 is specified. Then, the sender (address 3-1: A2) and the sender (address 3-2: A4) of the transaction TX3 associated with the destination (address 4-1: A6) of the transaction TX3 are specified.

Then, it is confirmed that the accumulator A2 does not contain the product (x). In this case, the product (x) is not tracked with respect to the sender (address 3-1: A2) of the transaction TX3 after that.

Next, it is confirmed that the accumulator A4 contains the product (x). Then, the destination (address 3-2: A4) of the transaction TX2 associated with the sender (address 3-2: A4) of the transaction TX3 is specified.

Next, the source (address 2-2: A3) of the transaction TX2 associated with the destination (address 3-2: A4) of the transaction TX2 is specified. Then, it is confirmed that the accumulator A3 contains the product (x).

Next, the destination (address 2-2: A3) of the transaction TX1 associated with the sender (address 2-2: A3) of the transaction TX2 is specified. Then, the sender (address 1: A1) of the transaction TX1 associated with the destination (address 2-2: A3) of the transaction TX1 is specified. Then, it is confirmed that the accumulator A1 includes the product ID (x).

Then, since there is no destination associated with the sender (address 1: A1) of the transaction TX1 (or the accumulator including the product ID (x) cannot be found), the tracking of the product ID (x) is completed.

As described above, the server of the information processing system according to the present embodiment stores the item identification information in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of the item. Then, the server broadcasts transaction data including an address representing the source of the item, an address representing the destination of the item, and an accumulator to a plurality of blockchain nodes. Then, a plurality of blockchain nodes record the broadcast transaction data in the blockchain. Then, when the server receives the request signal including the identification information of the item to be tracked, it corresponds to the address representing the sender and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. The series of transaction data to be processed and the series of accumulators corresponding to the series of transaction data are acquired from the blockchain. Then, the server verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result. As a result, it is possible to record the tracking information of the item on the blockchain while reducing the amount of data of the tracking information of the item to be moved.

Further, according to the present embodiment, a huge amount of records can be efficiently retained by using an accumulator, and tracking information can be shared by a plurality of users. Further, by associating the relationship between the accumulator and the source and destination in the transaction, it is possible to express the movement of the identification information of the item recorded in the accumulator. This makes it possible to track the information recorded in the accumulator.

Further, according to the present embodiment, by recording the accumulator on the blockchain, it is possible to track the item to be moved without recording the individual information of each item on the blockchain. Specifically, since only the accumulator in which the item identification information is stored is recorded in the blockchain, the information recorded in the blockchain is significantly reduced. In addition, it is possible to determine what kind of route the specific item that has been moved is following from the verification of whether or not the identification information of the target item is stored in the accumulator and the transaction data on the blockchain. ..

In the conventional blockchain, the route of the item is recorded on the blockchain. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, tracking information indicating where the item has arrived can be acquired by coordinating with the management of the arrival or shipment of the target item.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and applications are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, items include not only real objects but also specific data.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the transaction format is the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) type has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be an account-type smart contract such as Ethereum. In this case, a smart contract for representing the conditional movement of the item from the address representing the source to the address representing the destination is pre-deployed on the blockchain. Then, after transaction data representing the actual movement including the accumulator is recorded on the blockchain, the movement of the item from the address representing the source to the address representing the destination is recorded when a predetermined condition is satisfied. ..

Since the item identification information can be obtained relatively easily by any user, it is justified what kind of subject is the user who holds the address of the item sender. You may want to check the sex. Therefore, the identity of the user holding the source address may be analyzed by using the mechanism of PKI (public key infrastructure). In this case, the public key corresponding to the source address and the information of the user holding the source address are linked in advance, and based on the information of the public key corresponding to the source address, The legitimacy of the user is confirmed.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the item identification information is acquired by using the QR code (registered trademark) has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the item identification information can be obtained by another method. You may get it. Further, the timing at which each of the above processes is executed is not limited to this embodiment.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the RSA Accumulator is used as the accumulator has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a hash-based accumulator using a complete binary tree or another accumulator as disclosed in Reference 2 may be used. When a hash-based accumulator as described above is used, it is necessary to calculate the hash value as information obtained from the item identification information, but when using another accumulator, this is required. It is not limited. For example, the item identification information may be stored in the accumulator as it is.

Further, although described as an embodiment in which the program is pre-installed in the specification of the present application, it is also possible to provide the program by storing it in a computer-readable recording medium.

10 Information processing system 12, 12A, 12B, 12C Terminal 14 Server 16, 16A, 16B, 16C Blockchain node 20 Network 70 Computer 72 Memory 73 Storage unit

Claims (11)

An information processing system that includes a server and multiple blockchain nodes.
The server
Item identification information is stored in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item.
The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is broadcast to multiple blockchain nodes.
Multiple blockchain nodes
Record the broadcast transaction data on the blockchain and
The server
When a request signal containing the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, a series of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the source and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. And the accumulator series corresponding to the transaction data series are obtained from the blockchain.
It verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.
Information processing system. A smart contract has been deployed on the blockchain to represent the conditional movement of an item from the source address to the destination address.
When transaction data representing the actual movement including the accumulator is recorded on the blockchain and the conditions are met, the movement of the item from the address representing the source to the address representing the destination is represented.
The information processing system according to claim 1. The server is
When the destination of the first item and the destination of the second item of a plurality of items are different, the identification information of the first item is stored in the first accumulator, and the identification information of the second item is stored in the first accumulator. Store in 2 accumulators,
The information processing system according to claim 1 or 2. The server is
When the destination of the first item and the destination of the second item of a plurality of items are the same, the identification information of the first item and the identification information of the second item are stored in the same accumulator. ,
The information processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. An information processing method executed in an information processing system including a server and a plurality of blockchain nodes.
The server
Item identification information is stored in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item.
The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is broadcast to multiple blockchain nodes.
Multiple blockchain nodes
Record the broadcast transaction data on the blockchain and
The server
When a request signal containing the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, a series of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the source and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. And the accumulator series corresponding to the transaction data series are obtained from the blockchain.
It verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.
Information processing method. Item identification information is stored in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item.
The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is broadcast to multiple blockchain nodes.
When a request signal containing the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, a series of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the source and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. And the accumulator series corresponding to the transaction data series are obtained from the blockchain.
It verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.
The server that performs the process. Item identification information is stored in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item.
Generates transaction data including an address representing the source of the item, an address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator.
The generated transaction data is broadcast to a plurality of blockchain nodes, and the generated transaction data is broadcast to a plurality of blockchain nodes.
When generating the transaction data,
When the destination of the first item and the destination of the second item of a plurality of items are the same, the identification information of the first item and the identification information of the second item are stored in the same accumulator. ,
When the destination of the first item and the destination of the second item of a plurality of items are different, the identification information of the first item is stored in the first accumulator, and the identification information of the second item is stored in the first accumulator. Store in 2 accumulators,
The server that performs the process. When a request signal containing the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, a series of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the source and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. And the series of accumulators corresponding to the series of transaction data are obtained from the blockchain in which the transaction data including the address representing the sender of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is recorded.
It verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.
The server that performs the process. Item identification information is stored in the accumulator, which is a data structure for identifying the presence or absence of an item.
The transaction data including the address representing the source of the item, the address representing the destination of the item, and the accumulator is broadcast to multiple blockchain nodes.
When a request signal containing the identification information of the item to be tracked is received, a series of transaction data corresponding to the address representing the source and the address representing the destination that moved the item corresponding to the identification information included in the request signal. And the accumulator series corresponding to the transaction data series are obtained from the blockchain.
It verifies whether or not the identification information of the item to be tracked is stored in each accumulator in the acquired accumulator series, and outputs the verification result.
An information processing program that allows a computer to perform processing. An information processing program for causing a computer to execute a process executed by the server according to claim 7 or 8. An information processing method for causing a computer to execute a process executed by the server according to claim 7 or 8.

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