JP6713891B2 - 硫酸バリウムと繊維との複合体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
硫酸バリウムと繊維との複合体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6713891B2 JP6713891B2 JP2016184605A JP2016184605A JP6713891B2 JP 6713891 B2 JP6713891 B2 JP 6713891B2 JP 2016184605 A JP2016184605 A JP 2016184605A JP 2016184605 A JP2016184605 A JP 2016184605A JP 6713891 B2 JP6713891 B2 JP 6713891B2
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000400 lauroyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004762 twaron Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
(1) 硫酸バリウムと繊維との複合体。
(2) 前記繊維がセルロース繊維である、(1)に記載の複合体。
(3) 繊維表面の15%以上が硫酸バリウムによって被覆されている、(1)または(2)に記載の複合体。
(4) 硫酸バリウムの平均一次粒子径が1.5μm以下である、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(5) 繊維と硫酸バリウムの重量比が5/95〜95/5である、(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(6) (1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の複合体の製造方法であって、繊維の存在下で、溶液中で硫酸バリウムを合成する工程を含む、上記方法。
(7) (1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の複合体を含む放射線遮蔽材。
(8) シートの形態である(7)に記載の放射線遮蔽材。
本発明においては、セルロース繊維やアラミド繊維などの繊維と硫酸バリウムとを複合体化する。複合体を構成する繊維は、セルロース繊維であることが好ましいが、例えば、天然のセルロース繊維はもちろん、レーヨンやリヨセルなどの再生繊維(半合成繊維)や合成繊維などを制限なく使用することができる。セルロース繊維の原料としては、パルプ繊維(木材パルプや非木材パルプ)、セルロースナノファイバー、バクテリアセルロース、ホヤなどの動物由来セルロース、藻類などが例示され、木材パルプは、木材原料をパルプ化して製造すればよい。木材原料としては、アカマツ、クロマツ、トドマツ、エゾマツ、ベニマツ、カラマツ、モミ、ツガ、スギ、ヒノキ、カラマツ、シラベ、トウヒ、ヒバ、ダグラスファー、ヘムロック、ホワイトファー、スプルース、バルサムファー、シーダ、パイン、メルクシマツ、ラジアータパイン等の針葉樹、及びこれらの混合材、ブナ、カバ、ハンノキ、ナラ、タブ、シイ、シラカバ、ハコヤナギ、ポプラ、タモ、ドロヤナギ、ユーカリ、マングローブ、ラワン、アカシア等の広葉樹及びこれらの混合材が例示される。
本発明において、セルロース繊維などの繊維と複合化する硫酸バリウムは特に制限されないが、公知の方法で合成することができる。硫酸バリウムの合成を水系で行う場合があり、また、複合体を水系で使用することもある。
本発明の複合体は、製紙用途に適用してもよく、例えば、印刷用紙、新聞紙、インクジェット用紙、PPC用紙、クラフト紙、上質紙、コート紙、微塗工紙、包装紙、薄葉紙、色上質紙、キャストコート紙、ノンカーボン紙、ラベル用紙、感熱紙、各種ファンシーペーパー、水溶紙、剥離紙、工程紙、壁紙用原紙、不燃紙、難燃紙、積層板原紙、プリンテッドエレクトロニクス用紙、バッテリー用セパレータ、クッション紙、トレーシングペーパー、含浸紙、ODP用紙、建材用紙、化粧材用紙、封筒用紙、テープ用紙、熱交換用紙、化繊紙、減菌紙、耐水紙、耐油紙、耐熱紙、光触媒紙、化粧紙(脂取り紙など)、各種衛生紙(トイレットペーパー、ティッシュペーパー、ワイパー、おむつ、生理用品等)、たばこ用紙、板紙(ライナー、中芯原紙、白板紙など)、紙皿原紙、カップ原紙、ベーキング用紙、研磨紙、合成紙などが挙げられる。すなわち、本発明によれば、一次粒子径が小さくかつ粒度分布の狭い無機粒子と繊維との複合体を得ることができるため、2μm超の粒子径を有していた従来の無機填料とは異なった特性を発揮させることができる。更には、単に無機粒子を繊維に単に配合した場合と異なり、無機粒子を繊維と複合体化しておくと、無機粒子がシートに歩留易いだけでなく、凝集せずに均一に分散したシートを得ることができる。本発明における無機粒子は、好ましい態様において、繊維の外表面・ルーメンの内側に定着するだけでなく、ミクロフィブリルの内側にも生成することが電子顕微鏡観察の結果から明らかとなっている。
本発明に係る複合体を合成する場合、キャビテーション気泡の存在下で硫酸バリウムを析出させることができる。本発明においてキャビテーションとは、流体の流れの中で圧力差により短時間に泡の発生と消滅が起きる物理現象であり、空洞現象とも言われる。キャビテーションによって生じる気泡(キャビテーション気泡)は、流体の中で圧力がごく短時間だけ飽和蒸気圧より低くなったとき、液体中に存在する100ミクロン以下のごく微小な「気泡核」を核として生じる。
また、容器内の圧力と噴射液の圧力との比は0.001〜0.5の範囲が好ましい。
本発明の一つの態様において、繊維を含む溶液中で硫酸バリウムを合成することによって複合体を合成することができるが、硫酸バリウムの合成方法は、公知の方法によることができる。
本発明に係る複合体を用いて、適宜、成形物(体)を製造することも可能である。例えば、本発明によって得られた複合体をシート化すると、高灰分のシートを容易に得ることができる。また、得られたシートを貼り合せて多層シートとすることもできる。シート製造に用いる抄紙機(抄造機)としては、例えば長網抄紙機、丸網抄紙機、ギャップフォーマ、ハイブリッドフォーマ、多層抄紙機、これらの機器の抄紙方式を組合せた公知の抄造機などが挙げられる。抄紙機におけるプレス線圧、後段でカレンダー処理を行う場合のカレンダー線圧は、いずれも操業性や複合体シートの性能に支障を来さない範囲内で定めることができる。また、形成されたシートに対して含浸や塗布により澱粉や各種ポリマー、顔料およびそれらの混合物を付与しても良い。
<複合体の合成>
(1)サンプル1
1%のパルプスラリー(LBKP/NBKP=8/2、カナダ標準濾水度CSF=約80mL、500g)と水酸化バリウム八水和物(和光純薬、5.82g)をスリーワンモーター(1000rpm)で撹拌しながら混合後、硫酸(和光純薬、2%水溶液を88g)をペリスターポンプで8g/minで滴下した。滴下終了後、そのまま30分間撹拌を継続してサンプル1を得た。なお、用いたパルプスラリー中のパルプの平均繊維長をファイバーテスター(Lorentzen&Wettre社)で測定したところ、1.21mmであった。
繊維分として0.8%のアラミド繊維(トワロンRD−1094、帝人、平均繊維長:約1.3mm、625g)のスラリーを用いた他は、サンプル1と同様に合成してサンプル2を得た。
1%のパルプスラリー(LBKP、CSF=500mL、平均繊維長:約0.7mm、1300g)と水酸化バリウム八水和物(和光純薬、57g)をスリーワンモーター(800rpm)で撹拌しながら混合後、硫酸アルミニウム(硫酸バンド、77g)をペリスターポンプで2g/minで滴下した。滴下終了後、そのまま30分間撹拌を継続してサンプル3を得た。
容器(マシンチェスト、容積:4m3)に2%のパルプスラリー(LBKP/NBKP=8/2、CSF=390mL、平均繊維長:約1.3mm、固形分25kg)と水酸化バリウム八水和物(日本化学工業、75kg)を投入して混合後、ペリスターポンプを用いて硫酸アルミニウム(硫酸バンド、98kg)を約500g/minで滴下した。滴下終了後、そのまま30分間撹拌を継続してサンプル4を得た。
1%のパルプスラリー(LBKP、CSF=490mL、平均繊維長:約0.7mm、1500g)と水酸化バリウム八水和物(和光純薬、140g)を含む水性懸濁液を準備した。この水性懸濁液14Lを、45L容のキャビテーション装置に入れ、反応溶液を循環させながら、反応容器中に硫酸(和光純薬、2%水溶液を1280g)をペリスターポンプで50g/minで滴下した。
<複合体の評価>
得られた複合体スラリー(固形分換算で3g)について、ろ紙を用いて吸引濾過した後、残渣をオーブンで乾燥し(105℃、2時間)、複合体の繊維:無機粒子の重量比を測定した。
(1)サンプル1およびサンプル2
実験1(1)および実験1(2)で得られた複合体(サンプル1およびサンプル2)をろ紙で吸引濾過した残渣を、水道水を用いて濃度約0.2%のスラリーに調製した。このスラリーをJIS P 8220−1:2012に規定される標準離解機で5分間離解後、JIS P 8222:1998に準じて150メッシュのワイヤーを用いて坪量60g/m2の手抄きシートを作製した。
実験1(4)で得られた複合体(サンプル4、濃度:1%)に、カチオン性の歩留剤(ND300、ハイモ)とアニオン性の歩留剤(FA230、ハイモ)を対固形分で100ppmずつ添加して紙料スラリーを調製した。次いで、長網抄紙機を用いて、抄速10m/minの条件でこの紙料スラリーからシートを製造した。また、対照として、パルプスラリー(LBKP/NBKP=8/2、CSF=390mL、平均繊維長:1.3mm)にカチオン性歩留剤(ND300、ハイモ)とアニオン性歩留剤(FA230、ハイモ)を対固形分で100ppmずつ添加して、長網抄紙機を用いてシートを製造した。
複合体シートの特性を測定した結果を下表に示す。複合体を原料に用いることで、灰分約67%のシートを抄紙マシンで製造し、得られたシートを連続的に巻取り、ロール化することができた。このときの歩留は、紙料歩留・灰分歩留ともに96%以上と非常に高かった。また、得られた複合体シートは、パルプのみのシートに比べて不透明度や密度、透気抵抗度が高かった。
・坪量:JIS P 8124:1998
・厚さ:JIS P 8118:1998
・密度:厚さ、坪量の測定値より算出
・灰分:JIS P 8251:2003
・白色度:JIS P 8212:1998
・不透明度:JIS P 8149:2000
・比散乱係数:TAPPI T425(ISO 9416)に規定される式により算出し
た。
・透気抵抗度:JIS P 8117:2009
・平滑度:JIS P 8155:2010
・L&W曲げこわさ:ISO 2493に準じて、L&W Bending Tester(Lorentzen&Wet
tre社製)で、曲げ角度が15度の曲げこわさを測定した。
・裂断長:JIS P 8113:2006
実験2(2)で製造した複合体シートについて、放射線(X線)遮蔽能力を評価した。具体的には、JIS Z 4501「X線防護用品の鉛当量試験法」に準じて、透過X線量率および鉛当量を測定した。
線量減少率(%)=(各サンプルの透過線量率/ブランク(サンプルなし)の透過線量率)×100
(鉛当量) JIS Z 4501「X線防護用品の鉛当量試験方法」に準じて、透過X線量を測定して鉛当量を求めた。各サンプルの鉛当量は、標準鉛版から減弱率曲線を作成して求めた。減弱率曲線は、厚みの異なる4枚の標準鉛板の減弱率から二次補間で作成した。標準鉛版には、各試験品の減弱率よりも減弱率の大きな2枚、減弱率の小さな2枚を選んだ。
・X線装置:エクスロン・インターナショナル社 MG−452型(平滑回路、焦点寸法5.5mm、Be窓)
・X線管電圧および管電流:MG−452型 100kV 12.5mA 付加ろ過版0.25mmCu
・X線管焦点―試料間距離:1500mm
・試料―測定器間距離:50mm
・測定器:電離箱照射線量率計 東洋メディック社 RAMTEC―1000D型 A−4プローブ使用
・X線量測定単位:空気衝突カーマ
・X線ビーム:狭いビーム
Claims (8)
- 平均一次粒子径が1.5μm以下である硫酸バリウムがセルロース繊維表面に自己定着している複合体(セルロース繊維がセルロースナノファイバーである場合を除く)。
- 繊維表面の15%以上が硫酸バリウムによって被覆されている、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 繊維と硫酸バリウムの重量比が5/95〜95/5である、請求項1または2に記載の複合体。
- 前記セルロース繊維がパルプ繊維である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 硫酸バリウムの平均一次粒子径が10〜900nmである、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合体の製造方法であって、
繊維の存在下で、溶液中で硫酸バリウムを合成する工程を含む、上記方法。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合体を含む放射線遮蔽材。
- シートの形態である、請求項7に記載の放射線遮蔽材。
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