JP6517251B2 - 天然ガスの液化システム及び液化方法 - Google Patents
天然ガスの液化システム及び液化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6517251B2 JP6517251B2 JP2017014126A JP2017014126A JP6517251B2 JP 6517251 B2 JP6517251 B2 JP 6517251B2 JP 2017014126 A JP2017014126 A JP 2017014126A JP 2017014126 A JP2017014126 A JP 2017014126A JP 6517251 B2 JP6517251 B2 JP 6517251B2
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Description
図1は本発明の第1実施形態に係る天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す構成図である。また、表1は、第1実施形態に係る天然ガスの液化システムでの液化処理に関連するシミュレーション結果(後述する表2〜表12についても同様)である。表1には、第1実施形態に係る液化システム1において液化処理される天然ガス(以下、原料ガスという。)の温度、圧力、流量、及び各成分のモル分率等の一例を示す。表1における( i )−(ix)欄は、図1中にそれぞれ同じ番号( i )−(ix)が付された液化システム1の各位置における数値を示している。
図2及び図3の構成図には、それぞれ本発明の第1実施形態に対応する第1及び第2参考例として、従来の天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す。図2及び図3に示す液化システム101、201では、第1実施形態に係る液化システム1に対応する構成要素についてはそれぞれ同一の符号が付されている。また、表2及び表3には、表1と同様に、それぞれ第1及び第2の参考例としての液化システム101、201における原料ガスの温度、圧力、流量、及び各成分のモル分率等の一例が示されている。なお、第2の参考例の液化システム201は、上述の特許文献1(米国特許第4065278号明細書)の従来技術に基づき構成されたものである。
図4、図5及び図6は、それぞれ本発明の第1実施形態の第1、第2及び第3変形例に係る天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す構成図である。なお、図4、図5及び図6に示す液化システム1では、第1実施形態(他の変形例を含む)に係る液化システム1と同様の構成要素についてはそれぞれ同一の符号を付し、以下で言及する事項を除いて詳細な説明を省略する。
図7は、本発明の第1実施形態の第4変形例に係る天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す構成図である。なお、図7に示す液化システム1では、第1実施形態(他の変形例を含む)に係る液化システム1と同様の構成要素についてはそれぞれ同一の符号を付し、以下で言及する事項を除いて詳細な説明を省略する。
図8は本発明の第6実施形態に係る天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す構成図である。なお、図8に示す液化システム1では、第1実施形態に係る液化システム1と同様の構成要素についてはそれぞれ同一の符号を付し、以下で言及する事項を除いて詳細な説明を省略する。
図9は、それぞれ本発明の第2実施形態の第1変形例に係る天然ガスの液化システムにおける液化処理の流れを示す構成図である。なお、図9に示す液化システム1では、第2実施形態(他の変形例を含む)に係る液化システム1と同様の構成要素についてはそれぞれ同一の符号を付し、以下で言及する事項を除いて詳細な説明を省略する。
2 水分除去装置
3、3a 第1膨張機
3b 第2膨張機
4、4a 第1圧縮機
4b 第3圧縮機
5 シャフト
10、11、12 第1冷却器
15 蒸留装置
21 液化装置
23 第1気液分離槽
33 膨張弁
41 冷媒セパレータ
44 膨張弁
45 スプレーヘッダ
54 膨張弁
55 スプレーヘッダ
69 熱交換器
Z1 暖温領域
Z2 中間領域
Z3 冷温領域
Claims (10)
- 天然ガスの冷却方法であって、
(a)前記天然ガスを膨張機によって減圧することにより、減圧された原料ガスを取得するステップと、
(b)前記減圧された原料ガス中の重質分を除去することにより、前記重質分およびこれを除去した塔頂留出物を取得するステップと、
(c)前記塔頂留出物を冷却することにより、冷却された塔頂留出物を取得するステップと、
(d)前記冷却された塔頂留出物を気相成分および液相成分に分離するステップと、
(e)前記気相成分を圧縮機によって圧縮することにより、圧縮された原料ガスを取得するステップと、
(f)前記気相成分と前記圧縮された原料ガスと間の熱交換により、少なくとも冷却された前記圧縮された原料ガスを取得するステップと
を含み、
前記ステップ(b)では、前記重質分を除去する前に、前記減圧された原料ガスを前記原料ガスとは異なる外部の冷媒によって冷却し、かつ当該外部の冷媒によって冷却された前記原料ガスを、前記ステップ(b)で得られた前記塔頂留出物との熱交換を行うことにより更に冷却し、
前記ステップ(c)において、前記塔頂留出物が、前記ステップ(f)において熱交換された前記原料ガスの液化に用いられるスプール巻き型熱交換器の暖温領域に導入され、
前記膨張機は動力を発生させ、前記圧縮機が前記膨張機において発生した動力を利用することを特徴とする天然ガスの液化方法。 - 前記ステップ(f)において、前記冷却された前記原料ガスの少なくとも一部を液化させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。
- 前記ステップ(f)の前に、前記ステップ(e)で取得された前記圧縮された原料ガスが冷却されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。
- 前記ステップ(f)において、前記熱交換により冷却された前記原料ガスが、前記スプール巻き型熱交換器の中間領域に導入されることにより更に冷却されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)において、前記重質分の除去が蒸留装置によって行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。
- 前記ステップ(d)において、前記液相成分を前記蒸留装置に還流することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。
- 天然ガスの液化システムであって、
前記天然ガスを減圧することにより、減圧された原料ガスを取得する第1膨張機と、
前記減圧された原料ガスを前記原料ガスとは異なる外部の冷媒によって冷却する第1冷却器と、
前記冷却された原料ガス中の重質分を塔底から排出することにより、前記重質分を除去した塔頂留出物を取得する蒸留装置と、
前記塔頂留出物を冷却することにより、冷却された塔頂留出物を取得する第1熱交換器と、
前記冷却された塔頂留出物を気相成分および液相成分に分離する第1気液分離槽と、
前記気相成分を圧縮することにより、圧縮された原料ガスを取得する第1圧縮機と、
前記気相成分と前記圧縮された原料ガスと間の熱交換により、少なくとも冷却された前記圧縮された原料ガスを取得する第2熱交換器と、
前記蒸留装置で取得された前記塔頂留出物と前記第1冷却器によって冷却された原料ガスとを熱交換することにより、前記原料ガスを更に冷却する第4熱交換器と、
を備え、
前記蒸留装置は、前記第4熱交換器によって更に冷却された原料ガス中の重質分を塔底から排出することにより、前記塔頂留出物を取得し、
前記第1熱交換器は、前記第4熱交換器において熱交換された前記原料ガスの液化に用いられるスプール巻き型熱交換器の暖温領域からなり、
前記第1膨張機は動力を発生させ、前記第1圧縮機が前記第1膨張機において発生した動力を利用することを特徴とする天然ガスの液化システム。 - 前記圧縮された原料ガスを前記第2熱交換器に導入する前に、前記圧縮された原料ガスを冷却する第2冷却器を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の天然ガスの液化システム。
- 前記第2熱交換器を通過した前記圧縮された原料ガスを冷却する第3熱交換器を更に備え、前記第3熱交換器は、前記スプール巻き型熱交換器の中間領域からなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の天然ガスの液化システム。
- 前記第1気液分離槽で分離された前記液相成分を前記蒸留装置に還流するラインを更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の天然ガスの液化システム。
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