JP6576031B2 - Amazake's foods and drinks, and methods for producing strawberry foods and strawberry seasonings - Google Patents
Amazake's foods and drinks, and methods for producing strawberry foods and strawberry seasonings Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、甘酒の飲食物、及び、麹飲食物・麹調味料の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to amazake foods and drinks, and methods for producing koji foods and koji seasonings.
日本の伝統的な発酵食品である甘酒は、江戸時代には夏バテ予防になることから「夏の栄養ドリンク」として親しまれてきた。甘酒の栄養素は、点滴とほぼ同じであることから「飲む点滴」としても有名である。インターネットを使った甘酒に関するアンケート調査の結果でも、「甘酒」は「体にいい」、「栄養満点」「美肌効果がある」などの健康イメージが定着してきている。 Amazake, a traditional Japanese fermented food, has been popular as a “summer nutrition drink” in the Edo period because it prevents summer batter. Amazake's nutrients are also known as “drinking drip” because they are almost the same as drip. According to the results of a questionnaire survey on amazake using the Internet, “amazake” has become well-established, such as “good for the body”, “perfect nutrition score”, and “beautifying skin”.
一方で、甘酒は「甘くどい」「カロリー・糖分が気になる」「アルコールが含まれる」などの理由から敬遠される場合も多い。そこで、甘酒の健康イメージはそのままで「カロリーが低く」「すっきりした甘さ」「急激な血糖値の上昇がない」甘酒が望まれてきた。 On the other hand, amazake is often shunned for reasons such as “sweet and savory”, “worried about calories and sugar” and “contains alcohol”. Therefore, there has been a demand for amazake, which has the same health image as Amazake, but has a low calorie, a refreshing sweetness, and no rapid increase in blood sugar level.
にもかかわらず、甘酒の分野においては、これら全ての要求を満たす甘酒の開発は少ない。例えば、甘酒に乳酸菌を添加して発酵を行うものは知られている(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2等)が、これらはいずれも、乳酸菌の胃酸耐性による腸内環境改善や風味、嗜好性に着目したものであり、カロリーや血糖値の観点での技術ではない。その証左として、特許文献1では、甘味より酸味が強く感じられる場合に、果糖、異性化糖といった甘味料を加えることを提案している。 Nevertheless, in the field of amazake, there is little development of amazake that meets all these requirements. For example, those which add lactic acid bacteria to amazake and perform fermentation are known (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, etc.), and all of these improve intestinal environment, taste, and taste due to gastric acid resistance of lactic acid bacteria. It focuses on sex and is not a technique in terms of calories and blood sugar levels. As proof of this, Patent Document 1 proposes to add sweeteners such as fructose and isomerized sugar when the acidity is felt stronger than sweetness.
しかしながら、米に含まれる澱粉が分解されることでブドウ糖を元来含んでいる甘酒にさらに果糖や異性化糖を添加することは、血糖値の直接の上昇要因であるブドウ糖の絶対量を増やすことにほかならず、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇をもたらす要因となる。したがって、昨今注目されているGlycemic index[GI]値に着目した食餌療法の流れにも逆行する。また果糖を単体で添加することもブドウ糖の絶対量を減少させることにはならず、糖質過剰になる。 However, the addition of fructose and isomerized sugar to the sweet sake that originally contained glucose by breaking down the starch contained in rice increases the absolute amount of glucose, which is a direct factor in increasing blood sugar levels. It is a factor that causes a rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion. Therefore, it goes against the flow of diet therapy focusing on the Glycemic index [GI] value that has been attracting attention recently. Moreover, adding fructose alone does not reduce the absolute amount of glucose, but leads to excess carbohydrates.
本発明の目的は、上記現状に鑑み、カロリーが低く、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒の飲食物、該甘酒を含む麹飲食物・麹調味料の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a food and drink of amazake that has a low calorie and suppresses a rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion, and a method for producing a koji food and mushroom seasoning containing the amazake. And
本発明者らは、鋭意検討するなかで、ブドウ糖と果糖との甘味度の違い(ブドウ糖:砂糖の0.6倍程度、果糖:砂糖の1.2〜1.5倍程度)に着目し、麹飲食物・麹調味料の製造過程において逐次生成しているブドウ糖又は既に一定量生成しているブドウ糖を果糖で置き換えることによって、希釈してカロリー低減をはかりながらも従来品と同等の甘味を確保することができるのではないかと考えた。 The inventors of the present invention focused on the difference in the sweetness between glucose and fructose (glucose: about 0.6 times that of sugar, fructose: about 1.2 to 1.5 times that of sugar) in an intensive study,果 By replacing the glucose that is sequentially produced in the manufacturing process of 麹 food and beverage and seasoning, or the glucose that has already been produced in a certain amount with fructose, it is diluted to ensure the same sweetness as conventional products while reducing calories I thought I could do it.
そこで、上記目的を達成するためになされた本発明の1つの側面は、仕込み原料に含まれる穀物の糖化工程の間、又は、その後工程においてグルコースイソメラーゼを添加する段階を含む麹飲食物・麹調味料の製造方法である。本製法により、ブドウ糖を果糖で置き換えることで、常法により得られる麹飲食物・麹調味料と同程度の甘さを確保しつつ摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑えることができる。 Therefore, one aspect of the present invention made to achieve the above object is that the food and drink seasoning seasoning includes a step of adding glucose isomerase during the saccharification process of the grains contained in the raw materials to be fed or in the subsequent process. It is a manufacturing method of a material. By replacing glucose with fructose by this production method, it is possible to suppress a rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion while ensuring the same sweetness as that of a koji food or koji seasoning obtained by a conventional method.
上記製造方法においては、仕込み原料に含まれる穀物麹の量が、仕込み原料の全重量に対して、0%を超え15%以下であってもよい。穀物麹の量を常法の規定量に比べて減らすことによって、穀物麹又は穀物麹とその他の原料との混合物(諸味)のpHが上がり、通常のグルコースイソメラーゼの至適pH(7〜8)に近づくので、アミラーゼによって逐次生成するブドウ糖の果糖への異性化が進みやすくなる。 In the above production method, the amount of cereal grains contained in the charged raw material may be more than 0% and 15% or less with respect to the total weight of the charged raw material. By reducing the amount of cereal meal as compared with the regular amount, the pH of the cereal meal or a mixture of cereal meal and other ingredients (moromi) increases, and the optimum pH of normal glucose isomerase (7-8) Therefore, the isomerization of glucose successively produced by amylase to fructose easily proceeds.
上記製造方法においては、穀物の糖化工程は、穀物麹又は穀物麹とその他の原料との混合物(諸味)のpHを上げる段階と、pHを上げた該穀物麹又は穀物麹とその他の原料との混合物に対して、アミラーゼとグルコースイソメラーゼとを同時に添加する段階とを含んでいてもよい。穀物麹のpHを上げることで通常のグルコースイソメラーゼの至適pH(7〜8)に近づくので、アミラーゼによって逐次生成するブドウ糖の果糖への異性化が進みやすくなる。 In the above production method, the saccharification step of the cereal includes a step of increasing the pH of the cereal meal or a mixture of the cereal meal and other raw materials (moromi), and the cereal meal or cereal meal having increased pH and the other raw materials. A step of simultaneously adding amylase and glucose isomerase to the mixture may be included. By raising the pH of the cereal meal, it approaches the optimum pH (7-8) of normal glucose isomerase, so that isomerization of glucose successively produced by amylase to fructose easily proceeds.
上記製造方法においては、穀物の糖化工程において、穀物麹又は穀物麹とその他の原料との混合物(諸味)にアミラーゼを添加したのち、時間差をおいてpHを上げてグルコースイソメラーゼを添加してもよい。ブドウ糖の果糖への異性化反応は、最初の反応が平衡反応であるので、グルコースイソメラーゼを作用させる前にアミラーゼで一定時間糖化を十分に進めておくことにより、果糖への異性化が進みやすくなる。 In the above production method, in the saccharification process of cereal, amylase may be added to cereal meal or a mixture of cereal meal and other raw materials (moromi), and then the pH may be raised with a time lag to add glucose isomerase. . Since the initial reaction of glucose isomerization to fructose is an equilibrium reaction, the isomerization to fructose is facilitated by sufficiently proceeding saccharification with amylase for a certain period of time before allowing glucose isomerase to act. .
上記製造方法においては、グルコースイソメラーゼとして、至適pHが7未満のグルコースイソメラーゼを用いてもよい。麹のpHは通常4.8〜5.5であるので、酸性領域に至適pHがあるグルコースイソメラーゼの使用によって、pHを上げる操作をせずともブドウ糖の果糖への異性化が促進される。 In the above production method, glucose isomerase having an optimum pH of less than 7 may be used as glucose isomerase. Since the pH of koji is usually 4.8 to 5.5, the use of glucose isomerase having an optimum pH in the acidic region promotes the isomerization of glucose to fructose without an operation for raising the pH.
穀物の糖化工程の間、又は、穀物の糖化工程の後工程において、乳酸菌を添加する段階を含んでいてもよい。乳酸菌の発酵によるブドウ糖消費を異性化と同時並行で又は事後的に進めることで、さらなるカロリー低減を図れるとともに、産生する乳酸の酸味が甘酒の甘さにすっきりした印象を付与することができる。 A step of adding lactic acid bacteria may be included during the saccharification process of the cereal or in a subsequent process of the saccharification process of the cereal. By promoting glucose consumption by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria simultaneously with isomerization or afterwards, it is possible to further reduce calories and give the impression that the acidity of the lactic acid produced is refreshing to the sweetness of amazake.
上記目的を達成するためになされた本発明の他の側面は、飲料液重量に対し、ブドウ糖を5.5〜17.0%、果糖を1.5〜10.0%含有する甘酒飲料である。上記範囲内であると、すっきりした甘さで、ブドウ糖の量が従来品に比べて少ないことから、カロリーが低く、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒飲料となる。 Another aspect of the present invention made to achieve the above object is a sweet drink containing 5.5 to 17.0% glucose and 1.5 to 10.0% fructose based on the weight of the beverage. . If it is within the above range, it has a refreshing sweetness, and since the amount of glucose is less than that of conventional products, the calorie is low, and a sweet drink that suppresses a rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion.
上記目的を達成するためになされた本発明の他の側面は、飲料液重量に対し、ブドウ糖を5.5〜17.0%含有し、さらに果糖を含有する、乳酸発酵を経た甘酒飲料である。上記範囲内であると、乳酸の酸味によってすっきり感やさわやか感が格段に向上し、ブドウ糖の量が従来品に比べて少ないことから、カロリーが低く、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒飲料となる。 Another aspect of the present invention made to achieve the above-described object is a sweet sake beverage that has undergone lactic acid fermentation and contains 5.5 to 17.0% glucose and further contains fructose, based on the weight of the beverage. . If it is within the above range, the sweetness and refreshing feeling of lactic acid will be greatly improved by the acidity of lactic acid, and the amount of glucose is less than that of conventional products. Become a beverage.
上記目的を達成するためになされた本発明の他の側面は、食品重量に対し、ブドウ糖を12.1〜37.4%、果糖を3.3〜22.0%含有する甘酒食品である。上記範囲内であると、冷やして食した時に、ブドウ糖の量が従来品に比べて少ないことから、カロリーが低く、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒食品となる。なお、甘酒食品は、乳酸発酵を経たものであってもよい。乳酸発酵を経ることで食した際のさわやか感を増大することができる。 Another aspect of the present invention made to achieve the above object is a sweet sake food containing 12.1 to 37.4% glucose and 3.3 to 22.0% fructose based on the weight of the food. Within the above range, when the food is chilled, the amount of glucose is less than that of the conventional product, so the calorie is low and the amazake food that suppresses the rapid increase in blood glucose after ingestion. The amazake food may have undergone lactic acid fermentation. A refreshing feeling when eating through lactic acid fermentation can be increased.
本発明によれば、カロリーが低く、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える麹飲食物・麹調味料を得ることができる。特に冷やした麹飲食物においては、果糖の甘味が際立ち好適なものとなる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the calorie food / beverage seasoning which has a low calorie and suppresses a rapid increase in blood glucose after ingestion can be obtained. Especially in chilled strawberry foods, the sweetness of fructose is particularly suitable.
以下、仕込み原料に含まれる穀物が米である場合の本発明の麹調味料・麹飲食物の製造方法について説明するが、大麦、小麦、大豆、小豆、そら豆、蕎麦、粟、稗、トウモロコシ等の他の穀物の場合も同様である。なお、本明細書において「仕込み原料」は、麹原料及び掛原料の両方を含む概念である。 Hereinafter, the method for producing the koji seasoning and koji food and drink of the present invention when the cereal contained in the raw material is rice will be described. Barley, wheat, soybeans, red beans, broad beans, oats, koji, koji, corn, etc. The same applies to other grains. In the present specification, the “charged raw material” is a concept including both the raw material for straw and the hanging raw material.
本発明の麹調味料・麹飲食物の製造方法は、固体麹を使用する場合と液体麹を使用する場合とに大別されるが、いずれを採用してもよい。 The method for producing the koji seasoning and koji food / beverage according to the present invention is broadly divided into a case where a solid koji is used and a case where a liquid koji is used.
固体麹を使用する場合、仕込み原料に対して任意に施される前処理工程と、蒸米を得るための蒸し工程と、糖化工程とを含む。 In the case of using solid rice bran, it includes a pretreatment step optionally applied to the raw materials, a steaming step for obtaining steamed rice, and a saccharification step.
前処理工程には、米の焙炒工程、精白工程、浸漬工程等が含まれる。焙炒工程は、任意であるが、精白前又は精白後の穀物原料のいずれにおいて行ってもよい。精白工程において、精米歩合等は任意であるが、通常、40%〜90%の範囲とする。 The pretreatment process includes a rice roasting process, a whitening process, a dipping process, and the like. The roasting step is optional, but may be performed on any grain raw material before or after whitening. In the milling process, the milling rate is optional, but is usually in the range of 40% to 90%.
蒸し工程には、100℃以下での無圧蒸、100℃を越える温度での加圧蒸のいずれを採用することもできる。 For the steaming process, either non-pressure steaming at 100 ° C. or lower and pressurized steaming at a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. can be employed.
糖化工程は、蒸し工程で得られた蒸米に麹菌を接種して米麹を得る第1の段階と、米麹に対して掛米及び/若しくは塩並びにお湯、焼酎若しくは醸造用アルコールを添加し、所定時間、所定温度で維持する第2の段階とを含む。本明細書において、「糖化工程」とは、仕込み原料に含まれる穀物中の澱粉をブドウ糖まで分解する一連の工程を意味する。したがって、本明細書における「糖化工程」は、澱粉をブドウ糖まで至らないまでもある程度小さく分解する意味で当業者に使用される「液化」を含む概念である。 In the saccharification process, the first stage of inoculating the koji mold obtained in the steaming process by inoculating koji mold and obtaining rice koji, adding kake rice and / or salt and hot water, shochu or alcohol for brewing to the koji rice, And a second stage maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. In the present specification, the “saccharification step” means a series of steps for decomposing starch in cereal grains contained in raw materials to glucose. Therefore, the “saccharification step” in the present specification is a concept including “liquefaction” used by those skilled in the art in the sense of degrading starch to a certain extent even if it does not reach glucose.
第1の段階で使用する麹菌としては、従来公知の麹菌、又は、変異、スクリーニング若しくは遺伝子組み換え技術により得られた麹菌のいずれであってもよい。 As the koji mold used in the first step, any of koji molds known in the art or koji mold obtained by mutation, screening or gene recombination techniques may be used.
第2の段階で使用される米麹の量は、水を含む仕込み原料の全重量に対して、15%を超えてもよいが、諸味のpHを調整せずに異性化を促進する観点では、0%を超え、15%以下、12%以下、又は10%以下とすることが好ましい。米麹の量のより好ましい下限は、仕込み原料の全重量に対して5%である。諸味のpHを調整する場合は、特に限定されない。 The amount of rice bran used in the second stage may exceed 15% with respect to the total weight of the raw material containing water, but in terms of promoting isomerization without adjusting the pH of the moromi. , More than 0%, preferably 15% or less, 12% or less, or 10% or less. A more preferable lower limit of the amount of rice bran is 5% with respect to the total weight of the charged raw materials. There is no particular limitation when adjusting the pH of the moromi.
第2の段階で使用する掛米としては、一般の酒造米のほか、もち米、低グルテリン米を使用することもできる。精米歩合等は任意であるが、通常、40%〜90%の範囲である。予め蒸きょう法や焙炒法によって殺菌と澱粉成分の糊化をしておくことが好ましい。なお、所定温度は、通常50℃〜65℃、所定時間は、5時間以上で通常一晩放置とされるが特に限定されず、製品によっては室温で長期熟成(1ヶ月〜1年)される。第2の段階において、別途用意したα−アミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、イソアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼからなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上のアミラーゼを補助的に添加してもよい。 As the rice used in the second stage, glutinous rice and low-glutelin rice can be used in addition to general brewed rice. Although the rice polishing rate is arbitrary, it is usually in the range of 40% to 90%. It is preferable to sterilize and gelatinize starch components in advance by a steaming method or roasting method. The predetermined temperature is usually 50 ° C. to 65 ° C., and the predetermined time is usually 5 hours or longer and is usually left overnight. However, depending on the product, it is aged for a long time (1 month to 1 year) at room temperature. . In the second stage, one or more amylases selected from the group consisting of α-amylase, glucoamylase, isoamylase, and pullulanase prepared separately may be supplementarily added.
第2の段階では、米麹と掛米とを混合するタイミング、アミラーゼを補助的に添加するタイミング又はこれらのタイミングとは適当な時間差を設けて、グルコースイソメラーゼが添加される。ここで、市販されている一般的なグルコースイソメラーゼを添加する場合は、添加に先立ち、諸味のpHをグルコースイソメラーゼの至適pH(7〜8)まで上げておくことが好ましいが、至適pHが7未満のグルコースイソメラーゼを添加する場合は、pHを上げなくてもよい。なお、pHを上げる手段としては特に限定されず、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、クエン酸三ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム等のpH調整剤の使用が挙げられる。グルコースイソメラーゼの種類としては特に限定されず、例えば、SPEZYME GIPF(長瀬産業社製)、GODO AGI(合同酒精社製)、GC181(ダニスコジャパン社製)等の市販品を使用することができる。至適pHが7未満のグルコースイソメラーゼの種類としては特に限定されず、例えば、Biotechnol Lett Vol20、No.6、p.553-556(1998)に記載されたもの等を使用することができる。 In the second stage, glucose isomerase is added at an appropriate time difference from the timing of mixing rice bran and kake rice, the timing of supplemental addition of amylase, or the timing of these. Here, when adding a commercially available general glucose isomerase, it is preferable to raise the pH of the moromi to the optimum pH (7-8) of glucose isomerase prior to the addition. If less than 7 glucose isomerase is added, the pH need not be raised. In addition, it does not specifically limit as a means to raise pH, For example, use of pH adjusters, such as sodium hydroxide, trisodium citrate, sodium carbonate, and trisodium phosphate, is mentioned. The type of glucose isomerase is not particularly limited, and commercially available products such as SPEZYME GIPF (manufactured by Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd.), GODO AGI (manufactured by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd.), and GC181 (manufactured by Danisco Japan Co., Ltd.) can be used. The type of glucose isomerase having an optimal pH of less than 7 is not particularly limited, and for example, those described in Biotechnol Lett Vol 20, No. 6, p.553-556 (1998) can be used.
グルコースイソメラーゼを添加するタイミングは、使用する米麹の量、製品において要求される果糖の割合、pH、温度等によって変わるが、例えば、使用する米麹の量、pH及び温度を常法と同じに設定する場合、アミラーゼを添加してから0時間〜24時間経過した時、あるいは、仕込み原料混合物中のブドウ糖濃度が30%に到達した時が好ましい。 The timing of adding glucose isomerase varies depending on the amount of rice bran used, the ratio of fructose required in the product, pH, temperature, etc. For example, the amount, pH and temperature of rice bran used are the same as in the conventional method. When setting, it is preferable when 0 to 24 hours have elapsed since the addition of amylase, or when the glucose concentration in the raw material mixture has reached 30%.
糖化工程は、乳酸菌を添加する乳酸発酵工程を含んでいてもよい。乳酸菌の添加時期としては、グルコースイソメラーゼと乳酸菌とが糖化工程で生成するブドウ糖を競って消費するようにグルコースイソメラーゼの添加と同時、又は、グルコースイソメラーゼによる異性化反応の間に添加してもよいが、後述のように異性化反応の後に添加することもできる。使用する乳酸菌としては特に限定されず、求められる酸味の度合い、甘さ等に応じて特性の異なる菌を使用することができ、例えば、Pediococcus acidolactici、Leuconostoc mesenteroide、Tetragenococcus halophilus、Lactobacillus buchneri等が挙げられる。乳酸発酵工程の温度、pH、時間等の条件は、使用する菌の特性に応じて適宜設定されるが、通常、30℃〜65℃の範囲で一晩、初期pH5〜7程度である。 The saccharification process may include a lactic acid fermentation process in which lactic acid bacteria are added. The lactic acid bacteria may be added at the same time as the addition of glucose isomerase or during the isomerization reaction with glucose isomerase so that glucose isomerase and lactic acid bacteria will compete and consume glucose produced in the saccharification process. As described later, it can be added after the isomerization reaction. The lactic acid bacteria to be used are not particularly limited, and bacteria having different characteristics can be used according to the required acidity, sweetness, etc., for example, Pediococcus acidolactici, Leuconostoc mesenteroide, Tetragenococcus halophilus, Lactobacillus buchneri, etc. . Conditions such as temperature, pH, and time of the lactic acid fermentation step are appropriately set according to the characteristics of the bacteria to be used. Usually, the initial pH is about 5 to 7 in the range of 30 ° C to 65 ° C overnight.
液体麹を使用する場合、麹原料に対して施される任意の前処理工程と、液体培地調製段階及び培養段階を含む液体麹製造工程と、糖化工程とを含む。 When using a liquid koji, it includes an optional pretreatment process applied to the koji raw material, a liquid koji manufacturing process including a liquid medium preparation stage and a culture stage, and a saccharification process.
前処理工程は、麹原料である米を殺菌するとともに米に含まれる澱粉を糊化する目的で行われるものであり、蒸きょう法や焙炒法による。 The pretreatment step is performed for the purpose of sterilizing rice, which is a raw material of rice bran, and gelatinizing starch contained in the rice, and is based on a steaming method or a roasting method.
液体培地調製段階は、前処理工程を施した麹原料を水に投入する工程であり、同時に栄養源として有機物若しくは無機塩を1種または2種以上添加することが好ましく、より好ましくは、例えば、硝酸カリウムと酸性リン酸塩との組み合わせが挙げられる。 The liquid medium preparation stage is a process in which the koji raw material subjected to the pretreatment process is added to water, and at the same time, it is preferable to add one or more organic substances or inorganic salts as a nutrient source, more preferably, for example, A combination of potassium nitrate and acidic phosphate is mentioned.
培養段階は、液体培地調製段階で得られた液体培地に、従来公知の麹菌、又は、変異、スクリーニング若しくは遺伝子組み換え技術により得られた麹菌を接種する工程であり、通常、25℃〜45℃、好ましくは30℃〜40℃で24〜72時間好気性条件下で攪拌しながら行われる。 The culture stage is a step of inoculating the liquid medium obtained in the liquid medium preparation stage with a conventionally known koji mold or koji mold obtained by mutation, screening or genetic recombination techniques, and usually 25 ° C to 45 ° C, Preferably, it is carried out at 30 ° C. to 40 ° C. for 24 to 72 hours with stirring under aerobic conditions.
糖化工程は、麹原料と同様の前処理工程を施した仕込み原料に対して上記培養段階で得られた液体麹と水とを加えて、30℃〜50℃で1時間程度反応させた後、液温を50℃〜65℃に上げて、所望により市販のアミラーゼを補助的に添加し、10〜20時間維持する。アミラーゼを補助的に添加するタイミング又はこれらのタイミングとは適当な時間差を設けて、グルコースイソメラーゼが添加される。ここで、市販されている一般的なグルコースイソメラーゼを添加する場合は、添加に先立ち、米麹のpHをグルコースイソメラーゼの至適pH(7〜8)まで上げておくことが好ましいが、至適pHが7未満のグルコースイソメラーゼを添加する場合は、pHを上げなくてもよい。添加するアミラーゼ、pH調整剤、グルコースイソメラーゼの種類は、固体麹において上述したものと同様のものが挙げられる。 In the saccharification process, after adding the liquid koji and water obtained in the above culture stage to the raw material subjected to the same pretreatment process as the koji raw material, the mixture is reacted at 30 ° C. to 50 ° C. for about 1 hour, The liquid temperature is raised to 50 ° C. to 65 ° C., and a commercially available amylase is supplemented if necessary, and maintained for 10 to 20 hours. Glucose isomerase is added at an appropriate time difference from the timing at which amylase is supplementarily added or from these timings. Here, when adding a commercially available general glucose isomerase, it is preferable to raise the pH of rice bran to the optimum pH (7-8) of glucose isomerase before the addition, but the optimum pH When glucose isomerase having a pH of less than 7 is added, the pH need not be raised. The types of amylase, pH adjuster, and glucose isomerase to be added are the same as those described above for the solid koji.
糖化工程は、乳酸菌を添加する乳酸発酵工程を含んでいてもよい。乳酸菌の添加時期としては、グルコースイソメラーゼと乳酸菌とが糖化工程で生成するブドウ糖を競って消費するようにグルコースイソメラーゼの添加と同時に、又は、グルコースイソメラーゼによる異性化反応の間に添加することができるが、後述のように異性化反応の後に添加することもできる。使用する乳酸菌の種類や、乳酸発酵工程の温度、pH、時間等の条件としては、固体麹と同様である。 The saccharification process may include a lactic acid fermentation process in which lactic acid bacteria are added. The lactic acid bacteria can be added at the same time as the addition of glucose isomerase or during the isomerization reaction with glucose isomerase so that glucose isomerase and lactic acid bacteria can compete and consume glucose produced in the saccharification process. As described later, it can be added after the isomerization reaction. The types of lactic acid bacteria to be used and conditions such as temperature, pH, time, etc. in the lactic acid fermentation process are the same as those for solid koji.
上記固体麹又は液体麹を使用した糖化工程により得られた糖化物(甘酒濃縮原液)は、食感を残すため、そのまま使用するか、適宜みそスリ機等の破砕装置を用いた簡便なスリ工程や圧搾、濾過工程に供した後、適宜加熱処理や失活物質の添加によって含まれる酵素を失活させる。 The saccharified product obtained by the saccharification process using the solid koji or liquid koji (sweetened liquor concentrate stock solution) is used as it is in order to leave a texture, or a simple grit process using a crushing device such as a miso-sleeving machine as appropriate. After being subjected to squeezing or filtration, the enzyme contained is appropriately deactivated by heat treatment or addition of a deactivating substance.
上記糖化工程において、酵素としてアミラーゼのみを添加する場合は、糖化工程により得られた糖化物の酵素失活の後に、グルコースイソメラーゼを添加してもよい。添加するpH調整剤、グルコースイソメラーゼの種類は、固体麹において上述したものと同様のものが挙げられる。 In the saccharification step, when only amylase is added as an enzyme, glucose isomerase may be added after the enzyme inactivation of the saccharification product obtained in the saccharification step. Examples of the pH adjuster and glucose isomerase to be added are the same as those described above for the solid soot.
上記糖化工程の後に続けて乳酸菌を添加する乳酸発酵工程を行ってもよい。その場合は、糖化工程の間に乳酸菌を添加する段階を含まなくてもよい。 You may perform the lactic acid fermentation process which adds lactic acid bacteria following the said saccharification process. In that case, the step of adding lactic acid bacteria during the saccharification step may not be included.
本発明の製造方法により得られた麹調味料、麹飲食物の製品形態としては特に限定されず、例えば、アイスキャンディー、シャーベットといった凍結品であってもよい。また、直接飲食又は使用する製品形態以外にも、凍結乾燥品、ペースト、スラリー、顆粒、粉末、濃縮液体等の様々な形態をとり得、これらの製品形態とするために、従来公知の加工法を採用しうる。なお、本明細書において、直接飲食する製品形態以外の製品形態における「飲料液重量」又は「食品重量」とは、製品容器等に記載の指示に従って直接飲食若しくは使用可能な状態に調製(還元)したときの飲料液重量又は食品重量である。 The product form of the koji seasoning and koji food / beverage obtained by the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a frozen product such as ice lolly or sherbet. In addition to product forms that are directly eaten or used, various forms such as freeze-dried products, pastes, slurries, granules, powders, concentrated liquids, etc. can be used. In order to obtain these product forms, conventionally known processing methods are used. Can be adopted. In this specification, “beverage liquid weight” or “food weight” in a product form other than the product form for direct eating and drinking is prepared (reduced) in a state where it can be directly eaten or used according to the instructions described in the product container or the like. It is the weight of beverage liquid or the weight of food.
上記製造方法を用いて得られた、麹飲食物・麹調味料もまた、本発明の1つである。本発明の製造方法を適用可能な麹飲食物は、麹を利用して得られた飲食物であればアルコールを実質的に含むものも含まないものも含まれ、例として、甘酒の他、清酒、焼酎、ビール、発泡酒、第三のビール、リキュール等の麹飲料が挙げられる。特に好適には、甘酒である。本発明の製造方法を適用可能な麹調味料は、麹を利用して得られた調味料であればアルコールを実質的に含むものも含まないものも含まれ、例として、清酒、塩麹、醤油、みりん、みりん風調味料、めんつゆ、米味噌、豆味噌等が挙げられ、特に好適には、みりん又はみりん風調味料である。 Amber foods and beverages / seasoning seasonings obtained using the above production method are also one aspect of the present invention. The foods and drinks to which the production method of the present invention can be applied include foods and drinks obtained by using coffee and those that substantially do not contain alcohol, and examples include sweet sake and sake. , Shochu, beer, sparkling liquor, third beer, liqueur and other coffee drinks. Particularly preferred is amazake. The koji seasoning to which the production method of the present invention can be applied includes a koji seasoning obtained by using koji, which does not include alcohol substantially, and examples include sake, salt koji, Examples include soy sauce, mirin, mirin-style seasoning, noodle soup, rice miso, bean miso, and the like. Particularly preferred is mirin or mirin-style seasoning.
飲料液重量に対し、ブドウ糖を5.5〜17.0%、果糖を1.5〜10.0%含有する甘酒飲料もまた、本発明の1つである。ブドウ糖及び果糖の含有量が上記範囲内であると、カロリーが低く、すっきりした甘さで、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒飲料となる。果糖の含有量の好ましい下限は、2.5%、より好ましい下限は、3.5%である。ブドウ糖の含有量の好ましい上限は、12%、より好ましい上限は、10%である。なお本明細書において、ブドウ糖及び果糖の含有量は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー法によって測定して得られる値である。 A sweet sake beverage containing 5.5 to 17.0% glucose and 1.5 to 10.0% fructose based on the weight of the beverage is also one aspect of the present invention. When the content of glucose and fructose is within the above range, the calorie is low and the sweetness of the drink is such that it has a refreshing sweetness and suppresses a rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion. A preferable lower limit of the content of fructose is 2.5%, and a more preferable lower limit is 3.5%. A preferable upper limit of the glucose content is 12%, and a more preferable upper limit is 10%. In the present specification, the contents of glucose and fructose are values obtained by measurement by high performance liquid chromatography.
飲料液重量に対し、ブドウ糖を5.5〜17.0%含有し、さらに果糖を含有する、乳酸発酵を経た甘酒飲料もまた、本発明の1つである。ブドウ糖の含有量が上記範囲内であり、さらに乳酸発酵を経ていると、カロリーが低く、酸味が加わることで甘さがすっきりさわやかになり、摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒飲料となる。ブドウ糖の含有量の好ましい上限は、10%である。 Amazake beverages that have undergone lactic acid fermentation, which contain 5.5 to 17.0% glucose and further contain fructose, are also one aspect of the present invention. If the content of glucose is within the above range and lactic acid fermentation has passed, the sweetness becomes refreshing by adding low acidity and sourness, and it becomes a sweet drink that suppresses the rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion. . A preferable upper limit of the glucose content is 10%.
食品重量に対し、ブドウ糖を12.1〜37.4%、果糖を3.3〜22.0%含有する甘酒の食品もまた、本発明の1つである。ブドウ糖及び果糖の含有量が上記範囲内であると、冷やして食した時に、ブドウ糖の量が従来品に比べて少ないことから、カロリーが低く摂取後の血糖の急激な上昇を抑える甘酒食品となる。甘酒食品としては、アイスキャンディー、シャーベットといった氷菓子が特に好適である。果糖の含有量の好ましい下限は、5%、より好ましい下限は、8%、好ましい上限は、18%である。ブドウ糖の含有量の好ましい上限は、25%、より好ましい上限は、23%である。 Amazake foods containing 12.1-37.4% glucose and 3.3-22.0% fructose based on the weight of the food are also one aspect of the present invention. When the content of glucose and fructose is within the above range, the amount of glucose is less than that of conventional products when chilled and eaten, making it a low-calorie food that suppresses the rapid increase in blood sugar after ingestion. . As the amazake food, ice candy such as ice lolly and sherbet is particularly suitable. The preferable lower limit of the content of fructose is 5%, the more preferable lower limit is 8%, and the preferable upper limit is 18%. A preferable upper limit of the glucose content is 25%, and a more preferable upper limit is 23%.
(実施例1:糀の量を減らす手法による異性化糖含有甘酒の製造)
精米歩合90%で精米することにより得られた精白米を常法に従って、洗米し、水に20時間浸漬し、1時間水切りした後、30分間無圧蒸によって蒸煮し、これに予め用意しておいた市販の種糀を接種し、雰囲気温度30℃、湿度90%以上の条件下で2日間培養し、米糀を得た。得られた米糀27gに蒸煮した掛米294g、お湯140g、アミラーゼ製剤0.31g、グルコースイソメラーゼ[GI]3.6gを添加して50〜60℃で一晩糖化させた。得られた甘酒濃縮原液(試作品No.1)について、pHメーター(HM−25R、東亜ディーケーケー(株)製)を用いたpH測定、並びに、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによってブドウ糖及び果糖の定量を行った(表2)。そのほか、得られた甘酒濃縮原液を、比較例1と同重量、即ち総重量が730gになるように希釈したのち、甘さ、すっきり感、糀の風味の観点で5段階のレベルに分け、比較例1を基準(全ての観点で評価3)として、任意抽出した10名のパネルによる平均値で盲検官能評価した(表3)。さらに上記重量基準の官能評価とは別に、甘酒濃縮原液を水で希釈して甘さをそろえたときのすっきり感、糀の風味について比較例1を基準(全ての観点で評価3)として5段階評価するとともに、希釈後のカロリーを算出した(表4)。
(Example 1: Production of isomerized sugar-containing amazake by a technique for reducing the amount of koji)
The polished rice obtained by milling at 90% of the polished rice ratio is washed according to a conventional method, immersed in water for 20 hours, drained for 1 hour, cooked by pressureless steaming for 30 minutes, and prepared in advance. A commercial rice bran was inoculated and cultured for 2 days under conditions of an atmospheric temperature of 30 ° C. and a humidity of 90% or more to obtain rice bran. 294 g of steamed rice, 140 g of hot water, 0.31 g of amylase preparation, and 3.6 g of glucose isomerase [GI] were added to 27 g of the obtained rice bran and saccharified overnight at 50 to 60 ° C. About the obtained Amazake concentrated stock solution (prototype No. 1), glucose and fructose were quantified by pH measurement using a pH meter (HM-25R, manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation) and high performance liquid chromatography. (Table 2). In addition, after diluting the obtained amazake-concentrated stock solution to the same weight as Comparative Example 1, that is, the total weight becomes 730 g, it is divided into five levels from the viewpoint of sweetness, clean feeling, and flavor of koji. Using Example 1 as a standard (evaluation 3 from all points of view), a blind sensory evaluation was performed using an average of 10 panels extracted arbitrarily (Table 3). Furthermore, apart from the sensory evaluation based on the above weight, there are five levels with the comparative example 1 as the standard (evaluation 3 from all points of view) regarding the refreshing feeling when the sweet sake concentrate is diluted with water to make it sweet and the sweetness of the koji. While evaluating, the calorie after dilution was computed (Table 4).
(試作品No.2〜4、比較例1について)
米麹、掛米、湯、アミラーゼ、GIの各割合を表1のように変更したほかは試作品No.1と同様にして、甘酒濃縮原液を得た。糖化工程終了後の甘酒濃縮原液のpH、及び、果糖及びブドウ糖含量の結果を表2に、官能評価の結果を表3及び表4にそれぞれ示す。
(Prototype Nos. 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 1)
Except for changing the proportions of rice bran, kake rice, hot water, amylase, and GI as shown in Table 1, prototype No. In the same manner as in No. 1, an amazake concentrate stock solution was obtained. The results of the pH, the fructose and glucose content of the amazake concentrate after completion of the saccharification step are shown in Table 2, and the results of sensory evaluation are shown in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively.
表2から、糀歩合が下がるにつれて、諸味pHが上昇し、それにともなってブドウ糖から果糖への異性化も進行し易くなることがわかった。表3から、比較例1と同重量に希釈した場合では、果糖への異性化が進行すると甘さはより甘く感じられ、かつ好みが分かれる糀特有の風味は低減する一方で、すっきり感は低下することが分かった。しかし、表4に示すように、全試作品の甘さを比較例1に揃えると、糀歩合が低いものほどよりすっきりし、単位飲料液重量あたりのカロリーは低減する傾向があることがわかった。 From Table 2, it was found that as the koji ratio was lowered, the moromi pH increased, and accordingly, isomerization from glucose to fructose also progressed easily. From Table 3, when diluted to the same weight as Comparative Example 1, the sweetness is felt sweeter as isomerization to fructose proceeds, and the flavor peculiar to koji with different tastes is reduced, but the refreshing feeling is lowered. I found out that However, as shown in Table 4, when the sweetness of all the prototypes is aligned with Comparative Example 1, it was found that the lower the koji ratio, the clearer, the calorie per unit beverage weight tends to decrease. .
(実施例2:糀のpHを上げる手法による異性化糖含有甘酒の製造)
実施例1と同様の条件下で2日間培養し、得られた米糀216gにお湯225g、アミラーゼ製剤0.29gを添加した。この添加の際に食品添加用25%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液0.15gでpHを6.38まで上昇させるのと同時に、市販のグルコースイソメラーゼ(商品名:SPEZYME GIPF、長瀬産業社製)を3.6g添加し、50〜60℃で一晩糖化させた。得られた甘酒濃縮原液(試作品No.5)について、pH測定、並びに、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによってブドウ糖及び果糖の定量を行った(表6)。そのほか、甘酒濃縮原液について、比較例1と同重量、即ち総重量が730gになるように希釈したのち、甘さ、すっきり感、糀の風味の観点で5段階のレベルに分け、比較例1を基準(全ての観点で評価3)として、任意抽出した10名のパネルによる平均値で盲検官能評価した(表7)。さらに上記重量基準の官能評価とは別に、甘酒濃縮原液を水で希釈して甘さを比較例1にそろえたときのすっきり感、糀の風味について比較例1を基準(全ての観点で評価3)として5段階評価するとともに、希釈後のカロリーを算出した(表8)。
(Example 2: Production of isomerized sugar-containing amazake by a technique for raising the pH of koji)
Culturing was carried out for 2 days under the same conditions as in Example 1. 225 g of hot water and 0.29 g of amylase preparation were added to 216 g of the obtained rice bran. At the same time, the pH is increased to 6.38 with 0.15 g of 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution for food addition, and 3.6 g of commercially available glucose isomerase (trade name: SPEZYME GIPF, manufactured by Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd.) is added. And saccharified overnight at 50-60 ° C. About the obtained liquor concentrate concentrate (prototype No. 5), glucose and fructose were quantified by pH measurement and high performance liquid chromatography (Table 6). In addition, after diluting the Amazake concentrated stock solution to the same weight as Comparative Example 1, that is, the total weight becomes 730 g, it is divided into five levels from the viewpoint of sweetness, refreshing feeling, and the flavor of koji. As a standard (evaluation 3 from all points of view), a blind sensory evaluation was performed with an average value of 10 arbitrarily extracted panels (Table 7). Further, apart from the sensory evaluation based on the above weight, the refreshing feeling when the sweet sake concentrated stock solution was diluted with water and the sweetness was adjusted to that of Comparative Example 1, and the flavor of the koji were compared with those of Comparative Example 1 (evaluated from all viewpoints 3 ) And the calories after dilution were calculated (Table 8).
(試作品No.6〜8、比較例1について)
米麹、掛米、湯、アミラーゼ、GIの各割合を表5のように変更したほかは試作品No.5と同様にして、甘酒濃縮原液を得た。GI添加時の諸味pHと糖化工程終了後の甘酒濃縮原液のpH、並びに、果糖及びブドウ糖の割合の結果を表6に、官能評価の結果を表7及び表8にそれぞれ示す。
(Prototype Nos. 6-8, Comparative Example 1)
Except for changing the proportions of rice bran, kake rice, hot water, amylase, and GI as shown in Table 5, the prototype No. In the same manner as in No. 5, amazake concentrate stock solution was obtained. Table 6 shows the moromi pH at the time of GI addition, the pH of the amazake concentrate after completion of the saccharification step, and the ratios of fructose and glucose, and Tables 7 and 8 show the results of sensory evaluation, respectively.
表6から、水酸化ナトリウムを添加した直後の諸味のpHを7〜8程度になるように調整すると、ブドウ糖から果糖への異性化が進行し易くなることがわかった。表7から、比較例1と同重量に希釈した場合では、果糖への異性化が進行したものほど甘く感じられる一方で、好みが分かれる糀特有の風味は際立ち、比較例1に比べてすっきり感は総じて低いことが分かった。しかし、表8に示すように、全試作品の甘さを比較例1に揃えると、比較例1に対してすっきり感は逆に向上し、単位飲料液重量あたりのカロリーは低減することがわかった。 From Table 6, it was found that when the pH of the moromi immediately after adding sodium hydroxide was adjusted to be about 7 to 8, isomerization from glucose to fructose easily progressed. From Table 7, when diluted to the same weight as in Comparative Example 1, the more the isomerization to fructose is felt, the sweeter the flavor of peculiar to which the taste is different, the refreshing feeling compared to Comparative Example 1 Was found to be generally low. However, as shown in Table 8, when the sweetness of all prototypes is aligned with that of Comparative Example 1, the refreshing feeling is improved in contrast to Comparative Example 1, and the calorie per unit beverage liquid weight is reduced. It was.
(実施例3:異性化糖含有甘酒を摂取した後の血糖値の変化)
血糖測定キット(測定機:グルテストエースR (株)三和化学研究所製、センサー:グルテストセンサー (株)三和化学研究所製)を用いて、10人の被験者について、各種異性化糖含有甘酒を摂取した後の血糖値の変化を測定した結果を表9及び図1に示す。なお、比較例2は、比較例1で使用した甘酒濃縮原液251gを水で730gに希釈したものを使用した。
(Example 3: Change in blood glucose level after ingesting isomerized sugar-containing amazake)
Using a blood glucose measurement kit (measuring instrument: Glutest Ace R, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Laboratory, sensor: Glutest Sensor, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Laboratories), various isomerized sugars were obtained from 10 subjects. The results of measuring changes in blood glucose level after ingesting the contained amazake are shown in Table 9 and FIG. In Comparative Example 2, a solution obtained by diluting 251 g of the amazake concentrated stock solution used in Comparative Example 1 to 730 g with water was used.
(実施例4:乳酸菌を使用してブドウ糖含量を下げ、且つすっきり感を増した異性化糖含有甘酒の製造)
実施例1で得られた試作品No.2の甘酒濃縮原液を358g用意し、これに92gの水、乳酸菌Pediococcus acidilacticiを含む乳酸菌液0.5gをそれぞれ添加し、37℃で一晩発酵させて乳酸発酵甘酒を得て(試作品No.10)、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによってブドウ糖及び果糖の定量を行った(表11)。そのほか、得られた乳酸発酵甘酒について、同固形分量になるように希釈したのち、甘さ、すっきり感、糀の風味、その他の風味の観点で5段階のレベルに分け、比較例1を基準(全ての観点で評価3)として、任意抽出した10名のパネルによる平均値で盲検官能評価した(表12)。
(試作品No.11〜13について)
乳酸菌の種類を表10のように変えたほかは試作品No.10と同様にして、乳酸発酵甘酒を得て、試作品No.10と同様に評価を行った。
(Example 4: Production of isomerized sugar-containing amazake using lactic acid bacteria to lower the glucose content and increase the refreshing feeling)
Prototype No. obtained in Example 1 Prepare 358 g of Amazake 2 concentrated stock solution, add 92 g of water and 0.5 g of lactic acid bacteria solution containing lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici, respectively, and ferment overnight at 37 ° C. to obtain lactic acid fermented amazake (prototype No. 1). 10) Glucose and fructose were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (Table 11). In addition, after diluting the obtained lactic acid fermented amazake so as to have the same solid content, it is divided into five levels from the viewpoint of sweetness, clean feeling, strawberry flavor, and other flavors, and the comparative example 1 is the standard ( As evaluation 3) from all points of view, a blind sensory evaluation was performed using an average value of 10 panels extracted arbitrarily (Table 12).
(Prototype Nos. 11-13)
The prototype No. was changed except that the type of lactic acid bacteria was changed as shown in Table 10. In the same manner as in No. 10, a lactic acid fermentation amazake was obtained. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.
表11から、いずれの乳酸菌を使用した場合も、92gの水で希釈した後の試作品No.2に比べてブドウ糖含量のみが1〜2%程度低減した。また、甘酒濃縮原液のpHは著しく低下した。これは乳酸菌の発酵に伴い、ブドウ糖が消費され代謝物として乳酸を産生したことを示唆する。また表12に示すように、全ての試作品について、ブドウ糖のみで乳酸発酵を経ていない比較例1に比べて、甘さが相対的に低減する代わりに乳酸の酸味によってすっきり感が格段に向上し、好みの分かれる糀の風味を抑えたクセの少ない乳酸発酵甘酒を得ることができた。また、使用する乳酸菌によって味の印象を変えられることがわかった。 From Table 11, no matter which lactic acid bacterium was used, the prototype No. after dilution with 92 g of water. Compared to 2, only the glucose content was reduced by about 1-2%. Moreover, the pH of the amazake concentrated stock solution was remarkably lowered. This suggests that with the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, glucose was consumed and lactic acid was produced as a metabolite. In addition, as shown in Table 12, for all the prototypes, compared to Comparative Example 1 in which only glucose is not subjected to lactic acid fermentation, the refreshing feeling is greatly improved by the acidity of lactic acid instead of relatively reducing sweetness. As a result, it was possible to obtain a lactic acid-fermented amazake with less habit, with the flavor of koji that is divided into different tastes. Moreover, it turned out that the impression of a taste can be changed with the lactic acid bacteria to be used.
以上、本発明の実施例について説明したが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲内においてさらに種々の形態で実施することができる。 As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was described, this invention is not restricted to these Examples, In the range which does not deviate from the summary, it can implement with a various form further.
本発明は、麹調味料・麹飲食物の生産、特に甘酒の生産に好適に利用することができる。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be suitably used for the production of koji seasonings and koji foods, particularly for the production of amazake.
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| JPS5849234B2 (en) * | 1976-04-21 | 1983-11-02 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | Immobilization method of glucose isomerase |
| JPS59154968A (en) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-09-04 | Morinaga & Co Ltd | Preparation of fermented refreshing drink |
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