JP6110993B2 - Solar cell - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar cell having a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic / inorganic perovskite compound.

  Conventionally, a solar cell having a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic / inorganic perovskite compound is known. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses an example of this type of solar cell. In this solar cell, a first electrode is provided on a substrate made of glass or the like. A photoelectric conversion layer including a layer mainly composed of an organic / inorganic perovskite compound is provided over the first electrode. A second electrode is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer.

JP 2014-72327 A

  In a solar cell using an organic photoelectric conversion layer such as an organic / inorganic perovskite compound, flexibility can be improved by using a flexible substrate. However, when the area of the photoelectric conversion layer is increased, there is a problem that delamination is likely to occur. When delamination occurs or a defect occurs due to an impact from the outside, moisture enters the solar cell. On the other hand, when Pb is used as the metal atom of the organic / inorganic perovskite compound, there is a possibility that Pb ions may be eluted to the outside when the moisture enters.

  Therefore, this type of solar cell is required to be resistant to delamination, to have excellent sealing properties, and to have excellent impact resistance.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that hardly causes delamination, has excellent sealing properties, and has excellent impact resistance.

  The solar cell according to the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode, the first electrode, and the second electrode. And a photovoltaic cell comprising a photoelectric conversion layer comprising an organic-inorganic perovskite compound, wherein the photovoltaic cell is partitioned into a plurality of photovoltaic cell portions sharing the first electrode, It has the 1st insulating layer which has insulated between the said adjacent photovoltaic cell part.

  On the specific situation with the solar cell which concerns on this invention, the 2nd insulating layer provided in the outer peripheral side surface of the said solar cell is further provided.

  In another specific aspect of the solar battery according to the present invention, an auxiliary wiring that electrically connects the second electrodes of the solar battery cell portions is further provided. In this case, the second electrodes of all the solar battery cell portions can be reliably electrically connected by the auxiliary wiring. Therefore, what is necessary is just to connect the below-mentioned 2nd electrode for connecting with the exterior to auxiliary wiring.

  In still another specific aspect of the solar cell according to the present invention, the solar cell further includes a first terminal connected to the first electrode and a second terminal connected to the auxiliary wiring. . In this case, electric power can be easily taken out by electrically connecting the first terminal, the second terminal, and the outside.

  In another specific aspect of the solar battery according to the present invention, the plurality of solar battery cell portions are electrically connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal. Since a plurality of solar cells are electrically connected in parallel, even if some of the solar cell units fail, it is possible to reliably extract electric power by the electromotive force from the remaining solar cell units. .

  In still another specific aspect of the solar battery according to the present invention, the plurality of solar battery cell portions are arranged in a matrix.

  In still another specific aspect of the solar cell according to the present invention, the first insulating layer has a lattice shape.

In still another specific aspect of the solar cell according to the present invention, the organic / inorganic perovskite compound has a general formula R-M-X ₃ (where R is an organic molecule, M is a metal atom, X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen). It is an atom.)

  In another specific aspect of the solar cell according to the present invention, the first electrode is made of a metal foil. In this case, the flexibility of the solar cell can be enhanced.

  According to the solar cell of the present invention, delamination can be suppressed and sealing performance can be improved. Further, the impact resistance can be effectively enhanced.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are a plan view of a solar cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a partially cutaway enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion along the line BB in FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view of a portion along line CC in FIG. 1 and is a partially cutaway front cross-sectional view for explaining the structure of the vicinity of the outer periphery of the solar cell of the first embodiment of the present invention. It is. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway front sectional view showing a part of the solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a solar cell according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be clarified by describing specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

  Fig.1 (a) is a top view of the solar cell which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, (b) is the partially notched expanded cross section which expands and shows the part which follows the BB line in (a). FIG.

  2 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view of a portion along the line CC in FIG. 1, and is a partially cutaway enlarged view for explaining the structure of the vicinity of the outer periphery of the solar cell of the first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing.

  As shown in FIG.1 (b), the solar cell 1 has the 1st electrode 2 which consists of metal foil. The first electrode 2 is not limited to a metal foil, and may be one in which a conductive layer is provided on an insulating substrate such as a glass substrate. The metal which comprises metal foil is not specifically limited, Appropriate metals or alloys, such as stainless steel, Al, Cu, Ni, or Ti, can be used. When metal foil is used, the flexibility of the solar cell 1 can be improved.

  But you may comprise the 1st electrode 2 with this metal film by laminating | stacking a metal film on a resin film. Such a resin film is not particularly limited, and a film made of polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polycarbonate, or the like can be used. Also for the metal film, an appropriate metal such as Al, Cu, Mo, Ni, Ti or an alloy mainly composed of these can be used. In addition, not only a resin film but a metal film can also be laminated | stacked on metal foil. A plurality of metal films may be stacked. Furthermore, a conductive transparent material and a conductive transparent polymer as described later can also be used. Even when a structure in which a metal film or a conductive transparent polymer is laminated on a flexible resin film is used, the flexibility of the solar cell can be improved.

  On the first electrode 2, a plurality of solar cell portions 3a to 3d are stacked. The solar battery 1 has a plurality of solar battery cell portions sharing the first electrode 2. Specifically, in the portion shown in FIG. 1B, adjacent solar battery cell portions, for example, between the solar battery cell portion 3 a and the solar battery cell portion 3 b are partitioned by the first insulating layer 4. . Similarly, between the adjacent solar cell portions 3b and 3c and between the adjacent solar cell portions 3c and 3d are also electrically insulated and partitioned by the first insulating layer 4.

  Fig.1 (a) has shown typically the division of this photovoltaic cell part. That is, the plurality of straight lines X1 and Y1 in FIG. 1A schematically show the partition portions by the first insulating layer. Actually, since an auxiliary wiring and a gas barrier layer, which will be described later, are provided so as to cover the first insulating layer, the first insulating layer 4 is not observed in a plan view as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1A, a gas barrier layer and auxiliary wiring described later are omitted.

  The feature of the solar battery 1 of the present embodiment is that the solar battery cells are partitioned in a matrix as shown in FIG. That is, the solar cell part is provided in each of the rectangular portions that are orthogonal to the straight line X1 and the straight line X1 and are surrounded by the straight lines Y1 that are parallel to each other. Thus, a plurality of solar cells are arranged in a matrix. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, the 2nd insulating layer 5 is provided in the outer peripheral side surface of the solar cell 1 so that the outer side surface of the photovoltaic cell part 3z located in an outer periphery may be sealed. .

The insulating material constituting the first insulating layer 4 and the second insulating layer 5 is not particularly limited. That is, an organic insulating material may be used. In addition, an inorganic insulating material may be used. Examples of such an inorganic insulating material include inorganic oxides such as SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and ZrO, glass, crease and the like. Further, if the heat resistance is sufficiently good, an organic insulating material may be used. Examples of such an organic insulating material include thermosetting polyimide.

  In addition, about the 1st insulating layer 4, it is necessary to endure the film-forming temperature of each layer of the said photovoltaic cell. For example, since the deposition temperature of each layer of the solar battery cell may be as high as about 400 ° C., for example, it is desirable to use a material that can withstand such a temperature. Therefore, since it is desirable that the first insulating layer 4 is made of an inorganic insulating material, the above-described inorganic oxide baking film is even more preferable.

  The first insulating layer 4 and the second insulating layer 5 can be formed by printing and baking an insulating material on the first electrode 2. But the formation method of the 1st and 2nd insulating layers 4 and 5 is not limited to this. As the printing method, an appropriate printing method such as screen printing, gravure printing, offset gravure printing, flexographic printing, or the like can be used.

  The first insulating layer 4 extends along the straight lines X1 and Y1, and has a lattice shape as a whole in plan view. However, the first insulating layer 4 is not limited to one having a lattice shape.

  Further, the width of the first insulating layer 4, that is, the dimension in the direction orthogonal to the straight lines X 1 and Y 1 is larger than the width of the second insulating layer 5, that is, the dimension in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the second insulating layer 5. It has been made smaller. Thereby, it is possible to increase an effective area in a portion where a plurality of solar battery cell portions are gathered. Therefore, it is preferable that the width of the first insulating layer 4 is smaller than the width of the second insulating layer 5. However, the width of the first insulating layer 4 may be equal to the width of the second insulating layer 5 or may be larger than the width of the second insulating layer 5.

  Specific dimensions of the first and second insulating layers are not particularly limited. However, the height of the first insulating layer 4 is preferably about 1 μm to 10 μm. Further, the width direction dimension is preferably 50 μm to 5 mm, more preferably about 100 μm to 3 mm, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent first insulating layers 4 is preferably about 50 μm to 20 mm.

  On the other hand, the height of the second insulating layer 5 is desirably about 1 μm to 10 μm, and the width is desirably about 50 μm to 5 mm, more preferably about 100 μm to 3 mm.

  Next, the laminated structure will be described in detail on behalf of the solar battery cell portion 3b.

  In the solar cell portion 3b, the first electron transport layer 11, the second electron transport layer 12, the photoelectric conversion layer 13, the hole transport layer 14, the second electrode 15, and the planarization layer are formed on the first electrode 2. 16 are stacked in this order.

  The photoelectric conversion layer 13 contains an organic / inorganic herbskite compound. In the solar cell 1, photoelectric conversion is performed by this organic / inorganic perovskite compound, and electric power is taken out. The details of each layer constituting the solar cell portion 3b will be described later.

  The feature of the solar battery 1 is that a plurality of solar battery cell portions 3a to 3d using such an organic / inorganic perovskite compound are arranged in a matrix. In other words, as described above, the solar battery cell is divided into the plurality of solar battery cell portions by the first insulating layer 4. Therefore, even when the area is increased, delamination hardly occurs because the area is partitioned into a plurality of solar battery cell portions. Therefore, sealing performance can be improved. In addition, since the small solar battery cell portions are partitioned by the first insulating layer 4, even when a mechanical shock is applied from the outside, the insulating layer 4 has an impact in a direction perpendicular to the light receiving surface. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress external force from being applied to the thin film layer. That is, impact resistance can be improved. Moreover, since the photovoltaic cell is divided, it can prevent effectively that the water | moisture content which penetrate | invaded one division spreads to another division. That is, the sealing property is also improved.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the gas barrier layer 6 is provided so as to cover the upper surface of the solar cell 1. The gas barrier layer 6 is excellent in water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the penetration of water vapor into the interior.

As the water vapor barrier property of the gas barrier layer 6, it is desirable that the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is less than 10 ⁻¹ g / m ² / day. The material constituting the gas barrier layer 6 is not particularly limited, but preferably includes, for example, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a metal oxynitride. The metal in the metal oxide, metal nitride or metal oxide is not particularly limited. For example, Si, Al, Zn, Sn, In, Ti, Mg, Zr, Ni, Ta, W, Cu, or these metals are mainly used. Can be mentioned. Especially, since it is excellent in water vapor | steam barrier property and a softness | flexibility, the metal oxide and metal nitride containing both Zn and Sn are preferable.

  In the solar cell 1, by providing the gas barrier layer 6, it is possible to reliably suppress the ingress of moisture into the lower solar cell unit. However, in the solar battery of the present invention, since the plurality of solar battery cell portions are partitioned by the first insulating layer 4, delamination itself is unlikely to occur, and thereby, entry of water vapor can be suppressed. . More preferably, the gas barrier layer 6 is provided as in the present embodiment.

  Since delamination hardly occurs and sealing properties are excellent, even if the organic / inorganic perovskite compound contains Pb, elution of Pb ions to the outside hardly occurs.

  Furthermore, in the solar cell 1, since the impact resistance is also effectively enhanced, it is difficult for the solar cell 1 to be broken or deformed by an external impact or the like. Moreover, since it is compartmentalized, it is possible to prevent diffusion of moisture that has entered a certain compartment into other compartments. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent moisture from entering.

  Returning to FIG. 1B, the upper end of the first insulating layer 4 is located above the second electrode 15 and the planarization layer 16. An auxiliary wiring 8 is provided so as to cover the upper end of the first insulating layer 4. Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 8 also has a lattice-like planar shape. The auxiliary wiring 8 is provided so as to reach the upper end and the side surface of the first insulating layer 4. Further, although not shown in FIG. 1A, the auxiliary wiring 8 is extended along the straight line X1 and the straight line Y1 in FIG. That is, the auxiliary wiring 8 is spread over the lattice-shaped first insulating layer 4. In addition, when the 1st insulating layer 4 is not a grid | lattice form, although the auxiliary wiring 8 does not need to be a grid | lattice form, it is preferable to be formed following the shape of the 1st insulating layer 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the lower end of the auxiliary wiring 8 is in contact with and electrically connected to the upper surface of the second electrode 15. Therefore, the second electrodes 15 of all the solar battery cell portions are electrically connected by the auxiliary wiring 8.

  On the other hand, the gas barrier layer 6 is removed in a part of the auxiliary wiring 8. The second terminal 7 is bonded to the portion where the gas barrier layer 6 is removed and the auxiliary wiring 8 is exposed. A plurality of second terminals 7 are preferably provided as shown in FIG. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.1 (b), the 1st terminal 9 is provided below the part in which the 2nd terminal 7 is provided. The first terminal 9 is electrically joined to the first electrode 2.

  The material constituting the auxiliary wiring 8, the first terminal 9, and the second terminal 7 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material. However, it is preferable to use a metal or alloy such as Cu, Al, or Ag. It is preferable that the surfaces of the first terminal 9 and the second terminal 7 are plated with solder. Costs can be reduced by using this type of metal or alloy. In addition, the electric resistance of the electrical connection portion can be lowered and a larger amount of power can be taken out.

  It is not always necessary to provide the auxiliary wiring 8 over the entire region of the upper end surface of the lattice-shaped first insulating layer 4, and the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring 8 is not limited as long as a plurality of solar battery cell portions can be electrically connected. You may deform | transform suitably.

  The second terminal 7 is not necessarily bonded to the upper surface of the auxiliary wiring 8 as long as it is electrically connected to the auxiliary wiring 8. The second terminal 7 may be provided so as to be electrically connected to the side surface of the auxiliary wiring 8 or the like. Further, the first terminal 9 may not be provided, and the first electrode 2 itself may be electrically connected to the outside.

  In the solar cell 1 of the first embodiment, the gas barrier layer 6 having the water vapor barrier property is provided. However, the gas barrier layer 6 may be removed as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. Further, the planarizing layer 16 may also be removed. In this case, the second terminal 7 may be directly joined to the upper surface of the auxiliary wiring 8.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a solar cell according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. In the solar cell 1A of this modification, a plurality of types of auxiliary wirings 8, 8A, 8B are provided. That is, as in the first embodiment, the narrow auxiliary wirings 8 are arranged in a grid pattern. An auxiliary wiring 8A having a width wider than that of the auxiliary wiring 8 is provided so as to extend in the horizontal direction in FIG. Further, a plurality of auxiliary wirings 8B having a wider width extend in a direction intersecting with the auxiliary wiring 8A.

  Thus, in the present invention, a plurality of types of auxiliary wirings 8, 8A, 8B having different widths may be provided. In this case, not only the thickness but also a plurality of types of auxiliary wirings having different heights may be used. Further, a plurality of types of auxiliary wirings having different thicknesses, heights and thicknesses may be used.

  In FIG. 4, the second terminals 7 and 7 shown in FIG. 1 are not shown. The second terminal may be joined to the widest auxiliary wiring 8B, 8B.

  In the solar battery, the plurality of solar battery cell portions are arranged in a matrix. However, in the present invention, the plurality of solar battery cell portions may be distributed in a form other than the matrix shape. That is, the form which partitions a photovoltaic cell is not limited to matrix form.

  The material of each layer constituting the solar battery cell part is not particularly limited.

First, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 15 may be formed using an appropriate conductive material. Examples of such materials include FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-silver mixture, magnesium-indium mixture, aluminum-lithium alloy, Al / Al ₂ O. ₃ mixture, Al / LiF mixture, metal such as gold, CuI, ITO (indium tin oxide), SnO ₂ , AZO (aluminum zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), GZO (gallium zinc oxide), etc. Conductive transparent materials, conductive transparent polymers, metal foils, and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The first electrode is preferably a metal foil. In this case, the flexibility of the solar cell can be enhanced. The metal which comprises metal foil is not specifically limited, Appropriate metals or alloys, such as stainless steel, Al, Cu, Ni, or Ti, can be used. Further, the second electrode 15 may be formed on the first insulating layer 4 and / or the second insulating layer 5.

  The first and second electron transport layers 11 and 12 may not be provided, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased by providing the first and second electron transport layers 11 and 12. The material of the electron transport layers 11 and 12 is not particularly limited. For example, the N-type conductive polymer, the N-type low molecular organic semiconductor, the N-type metal oxide, the N-type metal sulfide, the alkali metal halide, the alkali metal, Specific examples thereof include cyano group-containing polyphenylene vinylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthrene, hydroxyquinolinato aluminum, oxadiazole compound, benzimidazole compound, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid compound, perylene. Derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphine sulfide compounds, fluoro group-containing phthalocyanines, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Moreover, although the 1st electron carrying layer 11 may be used, it is still more preferable to provide the porous 2nd electron carrying layer 12. FIG. In particular, when the photoelectric conversion layer 13 is a composite film in which an organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor part and an organic / inorganic perovskite compound part are combined, a more complex composite film (a more complicated structure) can be obtained. It is preferable that a composite film is formed on the porous second electron transport layer 12 because the conversion efficiency becomes high.

  The preferable lower limit of the thickness of the electron transport layer is 1 nm, and the preferable upper limit is 2000 nm. The thickness of the electron transport layer is the thickness of the first electron transport layer 11 when only the first electron transport layer 11 is used, and the thickness of the first electron transport layer 12 is also used. , And the total thickness of the first and second electron transport layers 11 and 12. If the thickness of the electron transport layer is 1 nm or more, holes can be sufficiently blocked. If the said thickness is 2000 nm or less, it will become difficult to become resistance at the time of electron transport, and photoelectric conversion efficiency will become high. The more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the electron transport layer is 3 nm, the more preferable upper limit is 1000 nm, the still more preferable lower limit is 5 nm, and the more preferable upper limit is 500 nm.

The photoelectric conversion layer 13 includes an organic inorganic perovskite compound represented by the general formula R-M-X ₃ (where R is an organic molecule, M is a metal atom, and X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom). By using the organic-inorganic perovskite compound for the photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

The R is an organic molecule, and is preferably represented by C ₁ N _m H _n (l, m, and n are all positive integers).

Specifically, R is, for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropyl. Amine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, ethylmethylamine, methylpropylamine, butylmethylamine, methylpentylamine, hexylmethylamine, ethylpropylamine, ethylbutylamine, imidazole, azole, pyrrole, aziridine, azirine, Azetidine, azeto, azole, imidazoline, carbazole and their ions (eg, methylammonium (CH ₃ NH ₃ )) and fluorine And enethylammonium. Of these, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine and their ions and phenethylammonium are preferred, and methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine and these ions are more preferred.

  M is a metal atom, for example, lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, Europium etc. are mentioned. These metal atoms may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.

  X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, and examples thereof include chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, and selenium. These halogen atoms or chalcogen atoms may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, the halogen atom is preferable because the organic / inorganic perovskite compound becomes soluble in an organic solvent and can be applied to an inexpensive printing method by containing halogen in the structure. Furthermore, iodine is more preferable because the energy band gap of the organic-inorganic perovskite compound becomes narrow.

  The organic / inorganic perovskite compound preferably has a cubic structure in which a metal atom M is disposed at the body center, an organic molecule R is disposed at each vertex, and a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom X is disposed at the face center.

  The photoelectric conversion layer 13 may further contain an organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor, in addition to the organic / inorganic perovskite compound, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Note that the organic semiconductor or inorganic semiconductor here may serve as an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.

  Examples of the organic semiconductor include compounds having a thiophene skeleton such as poly (3-alkylthiophene). In addition, for example, conductive polymers having a polyparaphenylene vinylene skeleton, a polyvinyl carbazole skeleton, a polyaniline skeleton, a polyacetylene skeleton, and the like can be given. Further, for example, a compound having a porphyrin skeleton such as a phthalocyanine skeleton, a naphthalocyanine skeleton, a pentacene skeleton, or a benzoporphyrin skeleton, a spirobifluorene skeleton, or the like, or a carbon-containing material such as a carbon nanotube, graphene, or fullerene that may be surface-modified. Also mentioned.

Examples of the inorganic semiconductor include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, zinc sulfide, CuSCN, Cu ₂ O, CuI, MoO ₃ , V ₂ O ₅ , WO ₃ , _{MoS 2, MoSe 2, Cu 2} S , and the like.

  When the photoelectric conversion layer includes the organic semiconductor or the inorganic semiconductor, the photoelectric conversion layer may be a thin film organic semiconductor or a laminated body in which an inorganic semiconductor portion and a thin organic inorganic perovskite compound portion are laminated, or an organic semiconductor Alternatively, a composite film in which an inorganic semiconductor site and an organic / inorganic perovskite compound site are combined may be used. A laminated body is preferable in that the production method is simple, and a composite film is preferable in that the charge separation efficiency in the organic semiconductor or the inorganic semiconductor can be improved.

  The preferable lower limit of the thickness of the thin-film organic / inorganic perovskite compound site is 5 nm, and the preferable upper limit is 5000 nm. If the thickness is 5 nm or more, light can be sufficiently absorbed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased. If the said thickness is 5000 nm or less, since it can suppress that the area | region which cannot carry out charge separation generate | occur | produces, it will lead to the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency. The more preferable lower limit of the thickness is 10 nm, the more preferable upper limit is 1000 nm, the still more preferable lower limit is 20 nm, and the still more preferable upper limit is 500 nm.

  The hole transport layer 14 may not be used, but is preferably provided as in the above embodiment. The material of the hole transport layer 14 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a P-type conductive polymer, a P-type low molecular organic semiconductor, a P-type metal oxide, a P-type metal sulfide, and a surfactant. Specifically, for example, polystyrene sulfonic acid adduct of polyethylenedioxythiophene, carboxyl group-containing polythiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, sulfide Examples thereof include copper compounds such as copper and tin sulfide, copper compounds such as fluoro group-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl group-containing phosphonic acid, CuSCN, and CuI, carbon nanotubes that may be surface-modified, and graphene.

  The preferable lower limit of the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1 nm, and the preferable upper limit is 2000 nm. If the thickness is 1 nm or more, electrons can be sufficiently blocked. If the said thickness is 2000 nm or less, it will become difficult to become resistance at the time of hole transport, and a photoelectric conversion efficiency will become high. The more preferable lower limit of the thickness is 3 nm, the more preferable upper limit is 1000 nm, the still more preferable lower limit is 5 nm, and the still more preferable upper limit is 500 nm.

  Note that the second electrode 15 is preferably transparent. Thereby, sufficient light can be guided to the photoelectric conversion layer 13. Therefore, it is desirable to use an electrode material having excellent transparency such as ITO for the second electrode 15.

  The planarization layer 16 is provided for sealing each solar cell part, and is provided for planarizing the upper surface of the solar cell part. Such a planarization layer 16 can be formed using, for example, a transparent resin. As such a resin, for example, a resin having an alicyclic skeleton is preferably used. Examples of the resin having such an alicyclic skeleton include a polymer of TOPAS9014 (manufactured by Polyplastics, having a norbornene skeleton), light ester IB-X (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., having an isobornene skeleton), MA-DM. And a polymer of Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. (having an adamantane skeleton).

  As described above, the present invention is characterized by partitioning a solar battery cell into a plurality of solar battery cell portions, and therefore, the individual laminated form of each of the solar battery cell portions and the material of each layer are particularly It is not limited. Therefore, the configuration of the solar battery cell itself in the solar battery of the present invention can be modified as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar cell 2 ... 1st electrode 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3z ... Solar cell part 4 ... 1st insulating layer 5 ... 2nd insulating layer 6 ... Gas barrier layer 7 ... 2nd terminal 8 ... Auxiliary wiring 9 ... first terminal 11 ... first electron transport layer 12 ... second electron transport layer 13 ... photoelectric conversion layer 14 ... hole transport layer 15 ... second electrode 16 ... flattening layer

Claims (8)

A first electrode;
A second electrode disposed to face the first electrode;
A solar cell that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound,
A first insulating layer that insulates adjacent solar battery cell parts so as to partition the solar battery into a plurality of solar battery cell parts sharing the first electrode;
A gas barrier layer provided to cover the upper surface of the solar cell;
A second insulating layer provided on the outer peripheral side surface of the solar cell;
Further comprising a,
The first insulating layer includes the photoelectric conversion layer and the first and second electrodes rather than the second electrode of the solar battery cell unit having the photoelectric conversion layer and the first and second electrodes. Protruding outward in the stacking direction,
The solar cell , wherein a width of the first insulating layer is smaller than a width of the second insulating layer .   The solar cell according to claim 1, further comprising auxiliary wiring that electrically connects the second electrodes of the solar cell units. Wherein a first terminal connected to the first electrode further comprises a second terminal connected to the auxiliary wiring, solar cell according to claim 1 or 2. The solar cell according to claim 3 , wherein the plurality of solar cell portions are electrically connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the plurality of solar cell portions are arranged in a matrix. The solar cell according to claim 5 , wherein the first insulating layer has a lattice shape.   The organic-inorganic perovskite type compound is represented by the general formula RM-X3 (where R is an organic molecule, M is a metal atom, and X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom). The solar cell of any one of Claims. It said first electrode is made of a metal foil, a solar cell according to any one of claims 1-7.

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