JP6045774B2 - 半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物、半導体装置、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物、半導体装置、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6045774B2 JP6045774B2 JP2010059462A JP2010059462A JP6045774B2 JP 6045774 B2 JP6045774 B2 JP 6045774B2 JP 2010059462 A JP2010059462 A JP 2010059462A JP 2010059462 A JP2010059462 A JP 2010059462A JP 6045774 B2 JP6045774 B2 JP 6045774B2
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- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L21/18 - H01L21/326 or H10D48/04 - H10D48/07 e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
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Description
半導体チップに形成されるバンプとしては、はんだや金で構成されたバンプが用いられているが、近年の微細接続化に対応するために、銅バンプの先端にはんだが形成された構造のバンプが用いられるようになってきている。
また、高信頼性化のために、金属接合による接続が求められており、はんだバンプを用いたC4接続や銅バンプの先端にはんだが形成された構造のバンプによるはんだ接合だけでなく、金バンプを用いた場合でも、基板電極側にはんだを形成して、金-はんだ接合させる接続方法が採用されている。
フェノール性水酸基を分子内に少なくとも1個以上有する化合物としては、例えば、フェノール、アルキルフェノール、ナフトール、クレゾール、カテコール、レゾルシノール、ハイドロキノン、ビフェノール、ジヒドロキシナフタレン、ヒドロキシハイドロキノン、ピロガロール、メチリデンビフェノール(ビスフェノールF)、イソプロピリデンビフェノール(ビスフェノールA)、エチリデンビフェノール(ビスフェノールAD)、1,1,1−トリス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、トリヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、トリヒドロキシアセトフェノン、ポリp−ビニルフェノールが挙げられる。
また、ハロメチル基、アルコキシメチル基又はヒドロキシルメチル基を分子内に2個有する芳香族化合物としては、例えば、1,2−ビス(クロロメチル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(クロロメチル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(クロロメチル)ベンゼン、1,2−ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン、1,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン、ビス(クロロメチル)ビフェニル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ビフェニルが挙げられる。
アルデヒド類としては、例えばホルムアルデヒド(その水溶液としてホルマリン)、パラホルムアルデヒド、トリオキサン、ヘキサメチレンテトラミンが挙げられる。
重縮合物としては、例えば、フェノールとホルムアルデヒドの重縮合物であるフェノールノボラック樹脂、クレゾールとホルムアルデヒドとの重縮合物であるクレゾールノボラック樹脂、ナフトール類とホルムアルデヒドとの重縮合物であるナフトールノボラック樹脂、フェノールと1,4−ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼンとの重縮合物であるフェノールアラルキル樹脂、ビスフェノールAとホルムアルデヒドの重縮合物、フェノールとジビニルベンゼンとの重縮合物、クレゾールとナフトールとホルムアルデヒドの重縮合物が挙げられ、これらの重縮合物をゴム変性したものや分子骨格内にアミノトリアジン骨格やジシクロペンタジエン骨格を導入したものでもよい。
また、これらの化合物の性状としては、室温において固体状でも液状でも構わないが、金属表面の酸化膜を均一に還元除去し、はんだの濡れ性を阻害しないために、液状のものを用いることが好ましく、例えば、これらのフェノール性水酸基を有する化合物をアリル化することによって液状したものとして、アリル化フェノールノボラック樹脂、ジアリルビスフェノールA、ジアリルビスフェノールF、ジアリルビフェノールが挙げられる。これらの化合物は単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
脂肪族カルボン酸としては、例えば、マロン酸、メチルマロン酸、ジメチルマロン酸、エチルマロン酸、アリルマロン酸、2,2’−チオジ酢酸、3,3’−チオジプロピオン酸、2,2’−(エチレンジチオ)ジ酢酸、3,3’−ジチオジプロピオン酸、2−エチル−2−ヒドロキシ酪酸、ジチオジグリコール酸、ジグリコール酸、アセチレンジカルボン酸、マレイン酸、リンゴ酸、2−イソプロピルリンゴ酸、酒石酸、イタコン酸、1,3−アセトンジカルボン酸、トリカルバリン酸、ムコン酸、β−ヒドロムコン酸、コハク酸、メチルコハク酸、ジメチルコハク酸、グルタル酸、α−ケトグルタル酸、2−メチルグルタル酸、3−メチルグルタル酸、2,2−ジメチルグルタル酸、3,3−ジメチルグルタル酸、2,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピオン酸、クエン酸、アジピン酸、3−tert−ブチルアジピン酸、ピメリン酸、フェニルシュウ酸、フェニル酢酸、ニトロフェニル酢酸、フェノキシ酢酸、ニトロフェノキシ酢酸、フェニルチオ酢酸、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、マンデル酸、ヒドロキシマンデル酸、ジヒドロキシマンデル酸、1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸、スベリン酸、4,4’−ジチオジ酪酸、けい皮酸、ニトロけい皮酸、ヒドロキシけい皮酸、ジヒドロキシけい皮酸、クマリン酸、フェニルピルビン酸、ヒドロキシフェニルピルビン酸、カフェ酸、ホモフタル酸、トリル酢酸、フェノキシプロピオン酸、ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオン酸、ベンジルオキシ酢酸、フェニル乳酸、トロパ酸、3−(フェニルスルホニル)プロピオン酸、3,3−テトラメチレングルタル酸、5−オキソアゼライン酸、アゼライン酸、フェニルコハク酸、1,2−フェニレンジ酢酸、1,3−フェニレンジ酢酸、1,4−フェニレンジ酢酸、ベンジルマロン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、ウンデカン二酸、ジフェニル酢酸、ベンジル酸、ジシクロヘキシル酢酸、テトラデカン二酸、2,2−ジフェニルプロピオン酸、3,3−ジフェニルプロピオン酸、4,4−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)吉草酸、ピマール酸、パラストリン酸、イソピマル酸、アビエチン酸、デヒドロアビエチン酸、ネオアビエチン酸、アガト酸が挙げられる。
芳香族カルボン酸としては、例えば、安息香酸、2−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、3−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、4−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,3−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,6−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,3,4−トリヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,4,6−トリヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4,5−トリヒドロキシ安息香酸、1,2,3−ベンゼントリカルボン酸、1,2,4−ベンゼントリカルボン酸、1,3,5−ベンゼントリカルボン酸、2−[ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)メチル]安息香酸、1−ナフトエ酸、2−ナフトエ酸、1−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、2−ヒドロキシ−1−ナフトエ酸、3−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、6−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、1,4−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、3,5−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、3,7−ジヒドロキシ−2-ナフトエ酸、2,3−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2,6−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2−フェノキシ安息香酸、ビフェニル−4−カルボン酸、ビフェニル−2−カルボン酸、2−ベンゾイル安息香酸が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、保存安定性や入手容易さの観点から、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、イタコン酸、2,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピオン酸、アジピン酸、3,3’−チオジプロピオン酸、3,3’−ジチオジプロピオン酸、1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸、フェニルコハク酸、ドデカン二酸、ジフェニル酢酸、ベンジル酸、4,4−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)吉草酸、アビエチン酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,4,5−トリヒドロキシ安息香酸、1,2,4−ベンゼントリカルボン酸、1,3,5−ベンゼントリカルボン酸、2−[ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)メチル]安息香酸を用いることが好ましい。これらの化合物は単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
熱可塑性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、酸無水物、フラックス剤、硬化促進剤、フィラ及びその他添加剤をトルエン、酢酸エチル、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、N−メチルピロリドンなどの有機溶媒中でプラネタリーミキサーやビーズミルを用いて混合することによってワニスを調製する。得られたワニスを、ナイフコーターやロールコーターを用いて、離型処理が施されたポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂などのフィルム基材上に塗布した後、有機溶媒を乾燥除去することによってフィルム状樹脂組成物が得られる。
エポキシ樹脂組成物がペースト状である場合は、ディスペンサーを用いて、半導体チップ又は基板の所定の位置に塗布する。エポキシ樹脂組成物の供給量は、半導体チップの大きさ、バンプ高さなどによって規定され、半導体チップと基板の間の空隙を隙間なく充てん可能で、かつフリップチップ接続時に半導体チップの側壁を樹脂が伝わって接続装置に付着しないような量に適宜設定される。
また、フィルム状樹脂組成物を用いた場合は、加熱プレス、ロールラミネート、真空ラミネートなどによって、半導体チップ又は基板に貼り付ける。また、フィルム状樹脂組成物は半導体チップに貼り付けられてもよく、半導体ウエハにフィルム状樹脂組成物を貼り付けた後、ダイシングして、半導体チップに個片化することによって、フィルム状樹脂組成物を貼り付けた半導体チップを作製することができる。
半導体チップと基板をフリップチップボンダーなどの接続装置を用いて位置合わせした後、半導体チップと基板をはんだバンプの融点以上の温度で加熱しながら押し付けて、半導体チップと基板を接続するとともに、溶融したエポキシ樹脂組成物によって半導体チップと基板の間の空隙を封止充てんする。この際、本発明のエポキシ樹脂組成物中に含まれるフラックス剤によって、はんだバンプ表面の酸化膜が還元除去され、はんだバンプが溶融し、金属接合による接続部が形成される。
また、半導体チップと基板を位置合わせしてはんだバンプの融点より低い温度で半導体チップと基板を押し付けて仮固定した後、リフロー炉で加熱処理することによってはんだバンプを溶融させて半導体チップと基板を接続することによって半導体装置を製造してもよい。
さらに、半導体チップと基板を位置合わせして、はんだバンプが溶融しない温度かつフラックス剤の活性温度以上の温度で加熱しながら押し付けることによって、半導体チップのバンプと基板電極の間の樹脂を排除して半導体チップと基板間の空隙を封止充てんするとともに、はんだ表面の酸化膜を除去した後、再度はんだの融点以上の温度に加熱してはんだバンプを溶融させて半導体チップと基板を接続してもよい。再度はんだの融点以上の温度に加熱する際には、フリップチップボンダーを用いてもよいし、リフロー炉で加熱処理を行ってもよい。
なお、フラックス剤の活性温度とは、はんだ又はスズなどの金属表面の酸化膜を還元する効果を発現し始める温度のことを指す。室温で液状のフラックス剤では、室温以上であれば活性を示す。室温で固形のフラックス剤では、その融点や軟化点以上の温度で液状又は低粘度状態になった際にはんだ又はスズなどの金属表面に均一に濡れて活性を示すことから、活性温度は融点又は軟化点となる。
表1に示す組成に基づいて、各材料をトルエン−酢酸エチル溶媒中に固形分濃度が50〜70%になるように溶解混合してワニスを作製し、このワニスをセパレータフィルム(PETフィルム)上にナイフコーターを用いて塗布した後、70℃のオーブンで10分間乾燥させることによって、厚さ25〜30μmのフィルム状樹脂組成物を作製した。
フェノキシ樹脂:ε−カプロラクトン変性フェノキシ樹脂 PKCP80(Inchem Corporation製、製品名)
エポキシ樹脂:トリスフェノールメタン型多官能エポキシ樹脂 EP1032H60(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、製品名)
酸無水物:3,4−ジメチル−6−(2−メチル−1−プロペニル)−4−シクロヘキセン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物と1−イソプロピル−4−メチルビシクロ−[2.2.2]オクト−5−エン−2,3−ジカルボン酸無水物の混合物 YH307(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、製品名)
フラックス剤1:アジピン酸(シグマアルドリッチ製、製品名、融点152℃)
フラックス剤2:ジフェノール酸(シグマアルドリッチ製、製品名、融点167℃)
硬化促進剤1:テトラ(n−ブチル)ホスホニウムテトラフルオロボレート PX−4FB(日本化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
硬化促進剤2:n−ヘキサドデシルトリ(n−ブチル)ホスホニウムテトラフルオロボレート PX−416FB(日本化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
硬化促進剤3:テトラ(n−ブチル)ホスホニウムテトラフェニルボレート PX−4PB(日本化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
硬化促進剤4:テトラフェニルホスホニウムテトラフェニルボレート TPP−K(北興化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
硬化促進剤5:トリフェニルホスフィン TPP(北興化学工業株式会社製、製品名)
硬化促進剤6:2−フェニル−4,5−ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール 2PHZ(四国化成工業株式会社製、製品名)
フィラ:球状シリカ SE2050(アドマテックス株式会社製、製品名)
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜3で得られたフィルム状樹脂組成物について下記の評価を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
粘度は、平行板プラストメータ法に基づき、式(1)及び式(2)に従って、以下の手順で測定した。
15mm角(厚さ0.7mm)のガラス板の上に直径6mmの円形に打ち抜いたフィルム状樹脂組成物を貼り付け、セパレータフィルムをはく離した後、酸化膜付きシリコンチップ(サイズ12mm角、厚さ0.55mm)の酸化膜面がフィルム状樹脂組成物に接するように配置したものを準備した。これを、フリップチップボンダーFCB3(パナソニックファクトリーソリューションズ製、製品名)に配置し、ヘッド温度290℃、ステージ温度50℃、荷重14N、加圧時間5秒(到達250℃)の条件で熱圧着した。樹脂体積を一定と仮定すると式(2)の関係が成立することから、加圧後の半径を顕微鏡で測定し、式(1)に従い、250℃での粘度を算出した。
Z0:加圧前の樹脂厚み
Z:加圧後の樹脂厚み
r0:加圧前の樹脂の半径(直径6mmで打ち抜いているので、3mm)
r:加圧後の樹脂の半径
40℃の恒温槽にフィルム状樹脂組成物を放置し、72時間後の250℃での粘度が初期粘度の3倍以下であるものを合格(○)として、3倍より大きいものを不合格(×)として評価した。なお、粘度測定は上述の方法で測定した。
250℃の熱板上にセパレーターをはく離したフィルム状樹脂組成物を配置し、スパチュラで攪拌不能になるまでの時間をゲル化時間とした。
銅ピラー先端に鉛フリーはんだ層(Sn−3.5Ag:融点221℃)を有する構造のバンプが形成された半導体チップとして、日立超LSIシステムズ製JTEG PHASE11_80(サイズ7.3mm×7.3mm、バンプピッチ80μm、バンプ数328、厚み0.55mm、商品名)、基板としてプリフラックス処理によって防錆皮膜を形成した銅配線パターンを表面に有するガラスエポキシ基板を準備した。続いて、フィルム状樹脂組成物を9mm×9mmに切り出し、基板上の半導体チップが搭載される領域に80℃/0.5MPa/5秒の条件で貼り付けた後、セパレータフィルムをはく離した。フリップチップボンダーFCB3(パナソニックファクトリーソリューションズ製、製品名)の40℃に設定したステージ上にフィルム状樹脂組成物が貼り付けられた基板を吸着固定し、半導体チップと位置合わせした後、仮固定工程として、荷重25N、ヘッド温度100℃で5秒間圧着を行い(到達90℃)、半導体チップを基板上に仮固定した。次いで、第一工程として、フリップチップボンダーのヘッド温度を210℃に設定し、荷重25Nで10秒間圧着を行った(到達180℃)。さらに、第二工程として、フリップチップボンダーのヘッド温度を290℃に設定し、荷重25Nで10秒間圧着を行い(到達250℃)、半導体チップと基板とを接続した半導体装置を得た。
半導体チップと基板を接続した半導体装置について、328バンプのデイジーチェーン接続が確認できたものを合格(○)として、デイジーチェーン接続が確認できなかったものを不合格(×)として評価した。
半導体チップと基板を接続した半導体装置を超音波探傷装置(日立建機製FineSAT)で観察し、チップ面積に対してボイドが占める面積が1%以下となるものを合格(○)として、1%より大きいものを不合格(×)として評価した。
半導体チップと基板を接続した半導体装置の接続部を断面研磨することによって露出させ、光学顕微鏡で観察した。接続部にトラッピングが見られず、はんだが配線に十分濡れているものを合格(○)として、それ以外のものを不合格(×)として評価した。
Claims (5)
- エポキシ樹脂、酸無水物、硬化促進剤、フラックス剤及び熱可塑性樹脂を必須成分とし、
硬化促進剤が4級ホスホニウム塩であり、
フラックス剤がアルコール、フェノール及びカルボン酸の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の化合物であり、
フィルム状に形成されている半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物。 - 4級ホスホニウム塩が、テトラアルキルホスホニウム塩又はテトラアリールホスホニウム塩である、請求項1に記載の半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- さらに無機フィラを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物を半導体チップ又は基板上に供給する第一工程と、
半導体チップと基板とを位置合わせした後、半導体チップと基板とをフリップチップ接続するとともに、半導体チップと基板との間の空隙を前記半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物によって封止充てんする第二工程と、を備える半導体装置の製造方法。 - 基板と、該基板と電気的に接続された半導体チップと、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体封止充てん用エポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化物からなり前記基板と前記半導体チップとの間の空隙を封止する封止樹脂と、を備える半導体装置。
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2010
- 2010-03-16 JP JP2010059462A patent/JP6045774B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-03-02 CN CN2011100518708A patent/CN102190864A/zh active Pending
- 2011-03-03 TW TW103124136A patent/TW201444884A/zh unknown
- 2011-03-03 US US13/040,034 patent/US20110241228A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-03 KR KR1020110018904A patent/KR20110104430A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-03-03 TW TW100107159A patent/TW201144348A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102190864A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
| TW201444884A (zh) | 2014-12-01 |
| TW201144348A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
| US20110241228A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| KR20110104430A (ko) | 2011-09-22 |
| JP2011190395A (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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