JP5711111B2 - 充填樹脂及び充填樹脂の製造方法 - Google Patents
充填樹脂及び充填樹脂の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5711111B2 JP5711111B2 JP2011502060A JP2011502060A JP5711111B2 JP 5711111 B2 JP5711111 B2 JP 5711111B2 JP 2011502060 A JP2011502060 A JP 2011502060A JP 2011502060 A JP2011502060 A JP 2011502060A JP 5711111 B2 JP5711111 B2 JP 5711111B2
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Classifications
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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Description
レオロジーの分析:
ナノ複合体試料のレオメトリー分析をAres Rheometric Scientific(TA instruments(New Castle,Delaware))レオメーター上でCouvetteモードにおいて行った。
Hitachi H−9000透過電子顕微鏡を使用して、調製試料を検査した。TEM観察のために試料を室温で極薄切片にした。異なる%の粒子配合物間でも直接比較ができるように、全試料を87nmの厚さで切り出した。
各試料について二組の希釈物を使用して、GCにより溶媒残留物を測定した。120〜180mgの試料の範囲の、既知の量の各試料をクロロホルムで10mLの容積とした。0.1〜1000μg/mLの濃度範囲で参照標準をクロロホルム中に作製した。試料及び参照標準を0.2μmPVDFシリンジフィルターを介してバイアル瓶の中に分注し、以下の条件に従って分析した。
Aquastar(登録商標)A及びAquastar(登録商標)C試薬でMetrohm 756 Coulomat(登録商標)を使用して、水分を測定した。各試料について2回ずつ行った。およそ300mgのエポキシ材料を重量測定して、乾燥したガラスバイアル瓶に±0.0001gの精度で入れた。次に、試料を1mLの無水クロロホルムで希釈し、再び重量測定した。バイアル瓶に栓をし、試料を15分間にわたって振盪して、材料を溶解させた。次に、試料を3mLの無水メタノールで希釈し、再び重量測定した。次にバイアル瓶を60分間にわたって振盪して、乳液状の懸濁液を得た。次に、アリコートを注射器を介してバイアル瓶から採取し、±0.0001gの精度で重量測定した。次に、アリコートをKarl Fischer滴定にかけた。各バイアル瓶から3つのアリコートを採取して、2つの試料の各々に対して合計6回の滴定を行った。クロロホルム/メタノールブランクにも行って、溶媒中における水のバックグラウンド濃度を測定した。
修正した負荷速度0.13cm/分(0.050インチ/分)を使用したことを除き、ASTM D 5045−99に従って、破壊靭性(K1C)を測定した。コンパクトな引っ張り形状を使用し、被検査物は3.18cm×3.05cm×0.64cmの名目寸法を有した。以下のパラメーターを採用した:W=2.54cm、a=1.27cm、B=0.64cm。試験される各樹脂について6〜10個の試料で測定を行った。K1Cの平均値をMPa(m1/2)単位で報告した。ASTM D 5045−99の資格要件を満たす試料のみを計算に使用した。
揮発分除去手順1:
粒子及び有機マトリックスの混練にLIST CRP2.5バッチ混練機(LIST USA Inc.(Charlotte,NC)により製造された揮発性)を使用した。混練機は、3リットルの総容積容量を有し、316チタンから構成された。CRP2.5は、長さ24.6cm及び直径10.6cmを有し、水平、二条ネジ、二軸混合設計を備えている。凹部螺旋設計は、外径3.4cm、コア直径1.6cmの寸法を有し、入口区域のピッチは3.0cmであり、移送区域のピッチは2.3cmである。移送区域の長さは31.5cmである。18 kW Sterlco Oil Heater、モデル#G9816−J0(Sterling(New Berlin,WI)から入手)の使用を介して、熱を混練機に印加した。単段回転翼減圧ポンプ、モデル#RA−0040E506−1001(Busch LLC(Virginia Beach,VA)から入手)の使用を介して、減圧を供給する。
LIST Discotherm B6 High Viscosity Processor(List AG(Acton,Mass.)から市販)で連続合成反応を行う。反応器は、全長約13.8cm及び内径2.8cmを有し、水平の円筒形ハウジングから構成され、3つの区画を含む。同心円主軸攪拌翼シャフトがハウジングの中央に位置し、直径約6.35cmを有する。角度のある周囲混合混練バーを有するディスク要素はシャフト上に搭載される(シャフトにほぼ平行に伸びる)。定置のフック形状バーは、シャフト及びディスク要素とこれらが回転しているときに相互作用して洗浄するハウジングの内側に搭載される。定置のフック形状バーに調和するディスク要素及び混合混練バーの配置は、材料に実質的に前方のプラグ流の動きを最低限の軸の混合で付与する。(反応器のプラグ流の性質は、トレーサーに射出される練粉状の生成物を使用することにより定量化されて、滞留時間分布曲線を得る。曲線は、直列の14個の理想的な連続攪拌槽型反応器についての理論曲線に対してプロットされる。データは理論曲線によく適合し、プラグ流の挙動を示す。)材料はLISTから二軸放出スクリューにより放出される。反応器の総容積は17.5Lであり、実行容積は12Lである。ハウジング、シャフト及びディスク要素は、熱油加熱システムを介して加熱される。反応器内の熱伝達領域は、0.67mである。温度は、反応器内の3つの位置で制御及び監視される:(1)反応器入口区画(温度T1)、(2)反応器中間区画(温度T2)及び(3)反応器出口区画(温度T3)。可変速度モーターは、速度5〜70rpm及び最大トルク1200Nm(885フィート重量ポンド)で攪拌翼シャフトを駆動する。減圧ポンプは、蒸気除去のために反応器に取り付けられる。凝縮物は、好適な冷却剤(典型的には、Exxon Company USA(Houston,Tex.)から入手可能なISOPARイソパラフィン(C18〜25)炭化水素及びドライアイス(CO2))を含むスラリー浴に浸された、2つの排出された高減圧ガラス溶媒トラップにおいて回収される。
試料調製に使用される材料は表1に同定される。
シリカゾル、シラン及びメトキシプロパノールの混合物を標準的な実験装置において95℃で22時間にわたって混合した。生じた表面処理シリカゾルを、米国特許第5,648,407号(Goetz et al.)に記載の方法に従って溶媒交換及び減圧ストリッピングすることにより、適切な樹脂系に化合した。粒子を適切なエポキシ樹脂の中に分散し、比較的低粘度の液体を得ることにより、高度な表面機能化を裏付けた。ストリッピングをロータリーエバポレーター上で行った。これらのナノ複合体の配合の詳細を表2に示す。
実施例1〜10についての配合物、プロセス条件及び分析結果を表3に示す。50/50重量%の水/メトキシプロパノール中の表面改質されたシリカナノ粒子と、実施例1〜10用の樹脂との混合物を予備混合し、揮発分除去手順1に従って、加熱して133.3Pa(1mm Hg)減圧下で維持したLIST CRP2.5混練機に減圧供給した。生じた分散体を各々減圧下において40rpmで15〜30分間にわたって混練し、濃縮した。混練機の内容物を空にし、レオロジーの分析の手順に従ってレオロジー分析した。ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)による溶媒残留物の分析のための方法に従って、及び、Karl Fischer分析により、残留溶媒及び水の濃度を測定した。熱重量分析(TGA)を使用して、ナノシリカ樹脂の濃度を測定した。
b)Organosol 2
c)Organosol 3
d)Organosol 4
充填材料のTEM検査は、大きなスケールの凝集が%固形分の増加として観察されなかった点で、これらが良好に分散されていることを明らかにした。実施例8の場合、EPON 825樹脂中のナノ粒子配合レベルは80重量%であり、結果的に粉末状生成物を形成した。
上記手順レオロジーの分析に従って、実施例1及び比較例Aを検査し、周波数の関数としての粘度の各変化を分析して、比較例Aの従来のバッチストリッピングした材料を実施例1の混練機駆動材料と比較した。比較は図2に示される。
米国特許仮出願第61/139145号(代理人整理番号64990US002)表題「Nanocalcite Composites」に概略が示された手順に従って、600mlのLabstar媒体ミル(Netzsch(Exton PA))内で、0.5mmジルコニアビーズを3000rpmで90分間にわたって、Solcal 31炭酸カルシウム(3664g)、Epon 825ビスフェノールA/エピクロロヒドリンエポキシ樹脂(1566g)、JAS(185g)及びMEKP(2327g)の混合物を練磨した。Masterflex LSチューブポンプ(parastaltic pump)(Cole−Parmer(Vernon Hills,NJ))の使用を介して、混合物をミルに250ml/分で送達する複数の経路を得た。炭酸カルシウム/Epon 825樹脂の予め練磨した混合物を、揮発分除去手順1に従って、100℃に加熱されたLIST CRP2.5混練機に減圧供給し、133.3Pa(1mmHg)減圧下において40rpmで60分間にわたって混練しながら維持した。混練機の内容物を空にし、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)により分析して、残留溶媒の重量%を測定し、熱重量分析(TGA)を使用して、樹脂中のナノカルサイトの濃度を測定した。更に、EPON 828の添加により、試料11の試料を30%のシリカに希釈し、Ethacure 100(1.5当量)と混合し、破壊靭性測定のための通常手順に従って分析した。ナノカルサイト充填Epon系エポキシナノ樹脂に特徴的な初期K1C値1.96をこの硬化した試料は有した。
トルエン中の、583グラムのプロピレンエラストマー(「Engage 8401」、Dow Chemical(Midland,MI))と、550gのイソオクチルトリメトキシシランで改質されたNalco 2326ゾル(45重量%のSi)との混合物を、揮発分除去手順1に従って153℃に加熱したLIST CRP2.5混練機に減圧供給し、133.3Pa(1mmHg)減圧下において40rpmで60分間にわたって混練しながら維持した。混練機の内容物を空にし、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)により分析して、残留溶媒の重量%を測定し、熱重量分析(TGA)を使用して、樹脂中のナノシリカの濃度を測定した。150℃で試料を透明な薄いフィルムに圧延し、これは高度に分散したナノ充填プラスチックを示した。
樹脂中のシリカの配合が60重量%であるように、Organosol 4(56重量%のシリカ)とEPON 828樹脂の混合物とを混合する。生じた溶液を(隔壁ポンプを介して)圧送して、LIST Discotherm B6混練機に、Discotherm B6混練機の第一区画に、一定速度で45分の滞留時間で注入する。減圧反応器の主軸攪拌翼シャフトの速度はおよそ34rpmで一定に維持する一方、反応器の放出スクリューは47rpmで維持する。減圧の喪失なしに圧送を可能にするギアポンプを有する混練機の出口バルブを装備することにより、材料の放出を促進した。あるいは、混練機の出口に、減圧下で生成物を回収可能な減圧容器を装備することもできる。周期的に、減圧を容器上で解放し、容器を取り外し、別の容器と取り代える。反応器を、約0.6kPa(5torr)の減圧下、以下の温度特性で維持する:T1=110℃、T2=134℃、及びT3=143℃。60重量%のシリカ配合、並びに、0.3重量%未満の残留した水及びメトキシプロパノールの濃度を有する良好に分散したエポキシナノ複合体を生成させる。
(1)充填樹脂を製造する方法であって、
機能化粒子を提供すること、並びに、
減圧混練機中で前記機能化粒子を有機マトリックスと組み合わせ、均質に混合して、前記充填樹脂を提供することを含み、前記機能化粒子は前記充填樹脂の少なくとも約20重量%を構成する、方法。
(2)機能化粒子を提供することが、
原料ストックを提供することであって、前記原料ストックが、
(i)未処理粒子、
(ii)前記粒子と反応する表面処理剤、及び
(iii)溶媒、
を含む、原料ストックを提供すること、
前記粒子を前記表面処理剤と反応させるのに十分な温度に維持した連続反応器の中を前記原料ストックを移動させて、約4時間未満で前記機能化粒子を提供すること、並びに、
前記連続反応器から直接前記減圧混練機の中に前記機能化粒子を移動させることを更に含む、項目(1)に記載の方法。
(3)前記減圧混練機内の空気を低減すること、及び、所望により前記減圧混練機内の前記原料ストックを加熱して前記溶媒を蒸発させることを更に含む、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(4)前記減圧混練機内の原料ストックを加熱すること、及び、所望により前記減圧混練機内の空気を低減して前記溶媒を蒸発させることを更に含む、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(5)前記粒子がナノ粒子を含む、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(6)前記ナノ粒子が、金属、無機酸化物、無機硫化物、無機アンチモン化物、無機塩、無機窒化物、無機顔料、金属コーティングされた粒子及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される無機材料を含む、項目(5)に記載の方法。
(7)前記無機酸化物が、ジルコニア、酸化アルミニウム、二酸化チタン、酸化鉄、酸化亜鉛、二酸化ケイ素(シリカ)、三酸化アンチモン、酸化ホウ素、亜酸化ホウ素、酸化ビスマス(III)、酸化銅(I)、酸化銅(II)、酸化クロム(III)、酸化鉄(II)、酸化鉄(III)、酸化マグネシウム、酸化マンガン(IV)及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目(6)に記載の方法。
(8)前記無機硫化物が、硫化銅(I)、硫化銅(II)、硫化亜鉛及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目(6)に記載の方法。
(9)前記ナノ粒子が、リン化インジウム、リン化アルミニウム、黄銅、金属コーティングされたガラス、炭化ホウ素、窒化ホウ素、炭化カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化銅(II)、水酸化リチウム、水酸化マグネシウム、アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸コバルト(II)、炭酸銅(II)、硝酸銅(II)、硫酸銅(II)、炭酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸マンガン(II)一水和物、リン酸マンガン(II)、炭酸ニッケル(II)、水酸化ニッケル(II)、硝酸ニッケル(II)、二酸化ケイ素、二酸化チタン(酸化チタン(IV))、炭酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目(5)に記載の方法。
(10)前記ナノ粒子が、カーボンブラック、有機顔料及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される有機材料を含む、項目(5)に記載の方法。
(11)前記ナノ粒子が、約500nm未満の平均粒子サイズを有する実質的に対称なナノ粒子を含む、項目(5)に記載の方法。
(12)前記ナノ粒子が、約100nm未満の平均粒子サイズを有する、項目(11)に記載の方法。
(13)前記ナノ粒子が、約50nm未満の平均粒子サイズを有する、項目(12)に記載の方法。
(14)前記表面処理剤が、オルガノシラン、アルキルアミン、アリールアミン、アルキルチオール、アリールチオール、カルボン酸及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(15)前記ナノ粒子が無機酸化物粒子を含み、前記表面処理剤が[2−(3−シクロヘキセニル)エチル]トリメトキシシラン、トリメトキシ(7−オクテン−1−イル)シラン、イソオクチルトリメトキシ−シラン、N−(3−トリエトキシシリルプロピル)メトキシエトキシエトキシエチルカルバメート、N−(3−トリエトキシシリルプロピル)メトキシエトキシエトキシエチルカルバメート、3−(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロピルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、3−アクリルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−(メタクリロイルオキシ)−プロピルトリエトキシシラン、3−(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3−アクリロイルオキシプロピル)メチルジメトキシシラン、−9−3−(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロピル−ジメチルエトキシシラン、3−(メタクリロイルオキシ)プロピルジメチルエトキシシラン、ビニルジメチルエトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、n−オクチルトリメトキシシラン、ドデシルトリメトキシシラン、イソオクチルトリメトキシシランオクタデシルトリメトキシシラン、プロピルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルメチルジアセトキシシラン、ビニルメチルジエトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリイソプロポキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリフェノキシシラン、ビニルトリ−tブトキシシラン、ビニルトリス−イソブトキシシラン、ビニルトリイソプロペノキシシラン、ビニルトリス(2−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、スチリルエチルトリメトキシシラン、メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ヘプタメチル(2−[トリス(2−メトキシエトキシ)−シリル]エチル)トリシロキサン、ポリジメチルシロキサン、アリールシラン、アルキルシラン及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択されるオルガノシランを含む、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(16)前記有機樹脂が、エチレン性不飽和架橋可能樹脂を含む、項目(1)に記載の方法。
(17)前記樹脂を架橋することを更に含む、項目(16)に記載の方法。
(18)前記機能化粒子が約2時間未満で提供される、項目(2)に記載の方法。
(19)前記有機マトリックス中に少なくとも約20重量%の前記機能化粒子を含む、項目(2)に記載の方法に従って製造される充填樹脂。
(20)前記機能化粒子が、オルガノシランを含む表面処理剤で機能化されたシリカのナノ粒子を含み、前記機能化粒子が約10%未満で凝集させられる、項目(19)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(21)有機マトリックス中に少なくとも約20重量%の機能化粒子を含む、仕上がった樹脂。
(22)前記機能化粒子が実質的に対称なナノ粒子を含み、前記ナノ粒子が前記仕上がった樹脂中に少なくとも約70重量%の濃度で存在する、項目(21)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(23)前記機能化された実質的に対称なナノ粒子が無機材料を含み、前記無機材料が金属、無機酸化物、無機硫化物、無機アンチモン化物、無機塩、無機窒化物、金属コーティングされた粒子及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目(22)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(24)前記機能化された実質的に対称なナノ粒子が、オルガノシラン、アルキルアミン、アリールアミン、アルキルチオール、アリールチオール、カルボン酸及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される表面処理剤で機能化される、項目(23)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(25)前記機能化された実質的に対称なナノ粒子が、二酸化ケイ素、二酸化ジルコニア、二酸化チタン、酸化アンチモンスズ、酸化アルミニウム、酸化鉄、酸化亜鉛及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される無機酸化物を含む、項目(23)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(26)前記機能化された実質的に対称なナノ粒子が、オルガノシランで機能化された二酸化ケイ素を含む、項目(25)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
(27)前記有機マトリックスが、エチレン性不飽和架橋可能樹脂を含む、項目(21)に記載の仕上がった樹脂。
Claims (3)
- 充填樹脂を製造する方法であって、
機能化粒子を提供すること、並びに、
減圧混練機中で前記機能化粒子を有機ポリマーマトリックスと組み合わせ、均質に混合することを含む方法であって、
前記機能化粒子を提供することが、
(i)未処理粒子、
(ii)前記粒子と反応する表面処理剤、及び
(iii)溶媒、
を含む原料ストックを提供すること、
前記粒子を前記表面処理剤と反応させるのに十分な温度に維持した連続反応器の中を前記原料ストックを移動させて、4時間未満で前記機能化粒子を提供すること、
前記連続反応器から直接前記減圧混練機の中に前記機能化粒子を移動させること、及び
前記減圧混練機中で、溶媒の除去を促進し、前記充填樹脂を提供する温度及び減圧の条件で、前記機能化粒子を前記有機ポリマーマトリックスと組み合わせ、均一に混合することであって、前記機能化粒子は、少なくとも40重量%の前記充填樹脂を含み、10%未満で凝集しており、かつ前記有機ポリマーマトリックスが、ポリエステル、ビニルエステルポリマー、アクリレートポリマー、エポキシ樹脂、N,N’−ビスマレイミドポリマーを含む硬化性イミド樹脂、及びポリシアネートエステルから選ばれる架橋可能ポリマーを含むこと、
を更に含む、
方法。 - 前記粒子がナノ粒子を含み、
前記ナノ粒子が、金属、無機酸化物、無機硫化物、無機アンチモン化物、無機塩、無機窒化物、無機顔料、金属コーティングされた粒子、カーボンブラック、有機顔料、及びこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料を含み、そして
前記ナノ粒子が、500nm未満の平均粒子サイズを有する実質的に対称なナノ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記有機ポリマーマトリックス中に少なくとも40重量%の前記機能化粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法に従って製造された充填樹脂であって、
前記機能化粒子が、オルガノシランを含む表面処理剤で機能化されたシリカのナノ粒子を含み、前記機能化粒子が10%未満で凝集している、充填樹脂。
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| US61/040,329 | 2008-03-28 | ||
| PCT/US2009/038408 WO2009120868A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-26 | Filled resins and method for making filled resins |
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| EP (1) | EP2265669B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5711111B2 (ja) |
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2009
- 2009-03-26 US US12/933,526 patent/US8487019B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-26 KR KR1020107023919A patent/KR101857805B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-26 EP EP09724687.0A patent/EP2265669B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-26 KR KR1020167020779A patent/KR20160093114A/ko not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102037066B (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
| JP2011516638A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
| US20110028605A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| US8487019B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
| EP2265669B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
| KR20110003504A (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
| KR101857805B1 (ko) | 2018-05-14 |
| WO2009120868A2 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
| WO2009120868A3 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
| KR20160093114A (ko) | 2016-08-05 |
| BRPI0909427A2 (pt) | 2015-11-03 |
| EP2265669A4 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
| CN102037066A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
| EP2265669A2 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
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