JP5627180B2 - 無差別的にヒト白血球抗体(hla)クラスii分子に結合する腫瘍関連ペプチド - Google Patents
無差別的にヒト白血球抗体(hla)クラスii分子に結合する腫瘍関連ペプチド Download PDFInfo
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Description
Cheever et al., Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1993 690:101-112 Rosenberg SA., N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 1;350(14):1461-3 Kobayashi,H et al., 2002 Clin. Cancer Res. 8:3219-3225 Gnjatic, S et al., 2003 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 100(15):8862-7 Qin, Z., and T. Blankenstein 2000 Immunity. 12:677-686 Kennedy, R.C et al., 2003 Cancer Res. 63:1040-1045 Mach, B et al., 1996 Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:301-331 Chaux, P et al., 1999 J. Exp. Med. 189:767-778 Vigneron N et al., Science 2004 Apr 23;304 (5670):587-90 Linehan WM et al., 2003 Dec;170(6 Pt 1):2163-72 McCartey et al.,1998 15:58 2601-5 Disis et al., Ciba Found. Symp 1994 187:198-211 Chaux, P et al., 1999 J. Exp. Med. 189, 767-778 Marks, M. S et al., 1995 J. Cell Biol. 131, 351-369, Rodriguez, F et al., 2001 J. Virol. 75, 10421-10430
新たに150,000人程度の世界中の人々が、毎年RCCであると診断され、この疾患は致死率が高く、毎年およそ78,000人が死亡している(Pavlovich, C.P.とL.S. Schmidt、2004年;腎細胞癌の遺伝的原因に関する調査、Nat. Rev. Cancer 4:381-393)。転移が診断された場合、1年の生存率は約60%に低下する(Jemal, A., R.C. Tiwari, T. Murray, A. Ghafoor, A. Samuels, E. Ward, E.J. FeuerとM.J. Thun、2004年;癌戦略、2004年CA Cancer J. Clin. 54:8-29)ため、この指標には高度なまだ対処されていない医療が必要なことが強調される。RCCは、免疫原性腫瘍であると思われるため(Oliver RTD, Mehta A, Barnett M;転移性腎細胞癌の患者における2相試験の調査ならびにそのような患者の進行に対する反応の評価、Mol Biother. 1988;1:14-20. Gleave M, Elhilali M, Frodet Y等、転移性腎細胞癌におけるインターフェロンγ-1bのプラセボとの比較、N Engl J Med. 1998年;338:1265)、腫瘍反応性および腫瘍浸潤性CTLの存在によって同定されるとき(Finke, J.H., P. Rayman, J. Alexander, M. Edinger, R.R. Tubbs, R. Connelly, E. PontesとR. Bukowski、1990年;ヒトの腎細胞癌におけるCD4陽性およびCD8陽性腫瘍浸潤性リンパ細胞の細胞傷害活性の特徴付け、Cancer Res. 50:2363-2370)、ペプチドをベースとする抗腫瘍ワクチン摂取を開発するための臨床試験が開始された(Wierecky J, Mueller M, Brossart P.;MUC-1を標的とする樹状細胞ベースの癌免疫療法、Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005年4月28日)。しかしながら、TAA由来のヘルパーT細胞エピトープの欠乏により、分子的に画定されたワクチンは、通常、クラスIリガンドとしてのみ機能するペプチドからなる。
1.既知の腫瘍群である抗原から由来すること、
2.ほとんどの共通するHLAクラスIIDR対立遺伝子、HLA DRB10101に結合すること、および
3.HLAクラスIIリガンドから離してそれらをセットする特徴を有し、少なくとも2つの異なる対立遺伝子由来のHLA-DR分子への無差別の結合を可能にする、その一次アミノ酸配列に関する基準を満たすこと。
19より大きいスコアを有するペプチドはDRB10101バインダーと見なされた。
MCHクラスII免疫組織学:腫瘍を、4%リン酸溶液で緩衝したホルムアルデヒドで固定し、パラフィンに包埋し、ヘマトキシリン-エオシンで染色し、光学顕微鏡で調べた。RCCの診断は、型通りの組織病理学的かつ免疫組織学的調査(Fleming, S.とM. O'Donnell、2000年、腎上皮内新生物の外科病理学:最新の進歩と近況;Histopathology 36:195-202)にしたがって行った。
正常な、非炎症性条件下において、HLAクラスII分子は、造血系の細胞および胸腺上皮細胞でのみ発現されなければならない(Mach, B., V. Steimle, E. Martinez-SoriaとW. Reith、1996年、MHCクラスII遺伝子の調節:病気からの教訓、Annu.Rev.Immunol. 14:301-331)。炎症中に状況は変化する。HLAクラスIIの発現は、ほとんどの細胞型ならびに組織中でIFNγにより誘導することができる(Leib und Gut-Landmann, S., J. M. Waldburger, M. Krawczyk, L. A. Otten, T. Suter, A. Fontana, H. Acha-OrbeaとW. Reith、2004年、ミニレビュー:CIITAの特異性と発現、MHCクラスII遺伝子のマスター調節、Eur.J.Immunol. 34:1513-1525)。RCCの発生が、炎症の発生に伴う場合が多々あるため(Blay, J. Y., J. F. Rossi, J. Wijdenes, C. Menetrier-Caux, S. Schemann, S. Negrier, T. PhilipとM. Favrot、1997年、腎細胞関連の腫瘍随伴性炎症性症候群におけるインターロイキン6の役割、Int. J. Cancer 72:424-430;Elsasser-Beile, U., M. Rindsfuser, T. Grussenmeyer, W. Schultze-SeemannとU. Wetterauer、2000年、腎細胞癌の患者の末梢リンパ球と比較したCD4陽性またはCD8陽性腫瘍浸潤リンパ球における、IFNγmRNAの発現の増大、Br. J. Cancer 83:637-641)、報告されているように、クラスII分子が、腫瘍周辺においてまたは腫瘍により確かに発現する。
本発明者等は、組織学的に明細胞と、免疫組織学的染色による乳頭腎癌を含む10のRCC試料のHLAクラスII発現を分析し、調査した資料の全てが、クラスII陽性腫瘍細胞に関連していることを発見した。図1Aに例示されるように、顕著なHLAクラスIIの発現は、腫瘍周辺で検出される場合が多かった。この領域において、本発明者等は、連続切片中での組織切片におけるCD68陽性マクロファージの視覚化によって図示したように(図1B)、HLA陽性腫瘍細胞の腫瘍浸潤性免疫細胞との近接した空間における相関関係を観察した。より多くの乳頭アーキテクチャを露出するRCCにおいて、HLAクラスII分子の発現は、腫瘍全体にわたってより均一に分布する(図1C,E,G)。連続組織切片におけるHLAクラスIIとCD68免疫組織学的染色パターンの比較は、マクロファージに加えて、腫瘍細胞もまたHLAクラスIIを発現することを明白に示している(図1C,Dと図E,F)。IFNγ生成CD4陽性TH1細胞ならびにナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞が、RCCに浸潤することが示されている(Cozar, J.M., J. Canton, M. Tallada, A. Concha, T. Cabrera, F. GarridoとO.F. Ruiz-Cabello、2005年、ヒトの腎癌の腫瘍浸潤性CD4Tリンパ球におけるNK細胞とケモカインレセプターの分析;Cancer Immunol. Immunother)。クラスII陽性腫瘍細胞は、切片化した腫瘍の外部部分において主として見つかったため、腫瘍によって誘引される白血球が、隣の悪性細胞に作用するIFNγを生成することを推測することができる。HLAクラスII分子の新生組織における異常な発現は、RCCに限定されず、TCCおよびCCAにおいてもまた検出され得る。図4は、ヒトの結腸の腺癌から抽出した組織の免疫組織学的染色を示している。
さらに、本発明者等は、オリゴヌクレオチドマイクロアッセイを用いた比較遺伝子の発現分析によるHLAクラスIIの発現を調査した。この技術により、本発明者等は、発現細胞種とは関連のない切片化した腫瘍中でHLAクラスIIの発現全体を評価することができた。本発明者等は、RCC149、RCC180、RCC190およびRCC211の4つの腫瘍における異なる発現を分析し、正常な標準腎臓と比較した。4つの腫瘍全てにおいて、HLAクラスII分子をエンコードする遺伝子が、過剰発現することがわかった(表2)。考えられる理由の1つは、IFNγによって誘引された発現であり、その理由に対して、本発明者等は、インターフェロンによって増加調節されるその他の既知の遺伝子を探した(Kolchanov, N.A., E.V. Ignatieva, E.A. Ananko, O.A. Podkolodnaya, I.L. Stepanenko, T.I. Merkulova, M.A. Pozdnyakov, N.L. Podkolodny, A.N. NaumochkinとA.G. Romashchenko、2002年、転写調節領域データベース(TRRD):2002年における現状、Nucleic Acids Res. 30:312-317)。興味あることに、著しい数のそのような遺伝子が、1つまたはより多くの腫瘍試料中で過剰発現することがわかった。表2は、本発明者等の初期の発見(Weinschenk, T., C. Gouttefangeas, M. Schirle, F. Obermayr, S. Walter, O. Schoor, R. Kurek, W. Loeser, K.H. Bichler, D. Wernet, S. StevanovicとH.G. Rammensee、2002年、患者固有の抗腫瘍ワクチンへの総合機能的ゲノムによるアプローチ; Cancer Res. 62:5818-5827)に基づく、4つ全ての試料中で再現性よく増加調節されるインターフェロン誘引性遺伝子を示している。それらの中は、細胞質ゾル中に存在する大型タンパク質分解性のホロ酵素の構成サブユニット、プロテアソームに対して、交換して免疫プロテアソームを形成するLMP2タンパク質、LMP7タンパク質とMECL1タンパク質がある。IFNγ誘引性サブユニットに対して、正常に発現したプロテアソームのタンパク質のサブユニットの交換は、インターフェロンリッチな環境における特徴的なプロセスである。さらに、IFNγは、定量的リアルタイム(RT)PCR(TagMan)によって直接評価した。表2に表示された腫瘍は、同じドナー(データは図示せず)からの自己由来の正常なRNA試料と比較して5倍?60倍のIFNγmRNA過剰発現を示した。したがって、本発明者等の結果は、IFNγがRCCにおいて重要な役割を果たし、クラスIIの発現を過剰にする理由となることを示している。
腫瘍試料中における発現を、自己由来の正常な腎臓(RCC180、RCC190)またはプールされた健康な腎臓(RCC149、RCC211)と比較した。全ての遺伝子は、4つの腫瘍全てに対して、GCOSソフトウエアのchange-callアルゴリズムにおける"増加"を示し、インターフェロン誘発性として説明された。
公的に入手可能なデータによれば、充実性腫瘍中で発現したHLAクラスII分子により結合されたペプチドは、これまでのところ他方によって単離または同定されていない。本発明者等は、それぞれ異なる10個のRCC、3つのCCAおよび1つのTCCを分析し、全ての試料からHLA-DRリガンドを単離することができ、総計で453個のペプチドをカウントすることができた(データは示さず)。ペプチドのシーケンスを、前述したクロマトグラフィ分離とタンデム質量分光分析(LC-MS/MS)とを組み合わせて確認した(Weinschenk, T., C. Gouttefangeas, M. Schirle, F. Obermayr, S. Walter, O. Schoor, R. Kurek, W. Loeser, K.H. Bichler, D. Wernet, S. StevanovicとH.G. Rammensee、2002年、患者個々の抗腫瘍ワクチンの設計への統合機能的ゲノムアプローチ、 Cancer Res. 62:5818-582; Schirle M, Keilholz W, Weber B, Gouttefangeas C, Dumrese T, Becker HD, Stevanovic S, Rammensee HGの、腫瘍関連MHCクラスIリガンドの新規なT細胞単独アプローチによる同定;Eur J Immunol. 2000年; 30(8):2216-25)。
RCC190から単離したHLA-DRリガンドのコア配列を示す(HLA-DRB111, DRB115, DRB3, DRB5)。
1つの文字コードで対応する結合ポケットにおけるアンカーアミノ酸を示している。
血清学的ハロタイプを示している。"n.a."は割り当てがないことを意味する。
白人集団における最も共通のHLA-DRB1アレルに対するSEQ ID No. 1とSEQ ID No. 25 SYFPEITHI結合スコアを示している。対応する血清ハロタイプのHLA-A2陽性の白人の頻度は、かっこ内に示す。ペプチドは、スコアが18かあるいは18より大きかった場合にHLAクラスII分子に十分良好に結合すると考えられる。
Claims (20)
- SEQ ID No. 1に示されるアミノ酸配列SQDDIKGIQKLYGKRSからなる腫瘍関連ペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載の腫瘍関連ペプチドのペプチド結合が非ペプチド結合で置換されている、ペプチド模倣物。
- 請求項1に記載の腫瘍関連ペプチド又は請求項2に記載のペプチド模倣物、及びHLA-DR抗原関連インバリアント鎖(Ii)のN末端アミノ酸からなる融合ペプチド。
- 請求項1又は3に記載のペプチドをコードする核酸配列からなる核酸。
- 核酸が、DNA、cDNA、RNA又はこれらの組み合わせである、請求項4に記載の核酸。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の核酸を発現可能な発現ベクター。
- 請求項4若しくは5に記載の核酸又は請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含むホスト細胞。
- 組み換えRCC又はAwells細胞である、請求項7に記載のホスト細胞。
- 請求項1又は3に記載のペプチドの作製方法であって、請求項7又は8に記載のホスト細胞を培養するステップと、前記ホスト細胞又はその培養培地からペプチドを分離するステップとを含んでなる、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド又はペプチド模倣物、請求項4若しくは5に記載の核酸又は請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、及び製薬上許容可能な担体を含んでなる、薬剤組成物。
- SEQ ID No. 2〜49から選択されるいずれか1つに示されるアミノ酸配列からなる腫瘍関連ペプチドのうち少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の薬剤組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの適当なアジュバントを含むか又は含まない癌ワクチンである、請求項10又は11に記載の薬剤組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド又はペプチド模倣物、請求項4若しくは5に記載の核酸又は請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含有する医薬。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド又はペプチド模倣物、請求項4若しくは5に記載の核酸又は請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを用いて、請求項1に記載のペプチドを異常に発現する標的細胞を死滅させるための医薬を製造する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペプチド又はペプチド模倣物、請求項4若しくは5に記載の核酸又は請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを用いて、ヒトのMHCクラスII分子をその表面に発現し、請求項1に記載のペプチドを提示する腫瘍細胞に対する免疫応答を誘発する医薬を製造する方法。
- 活性化CD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞を作製するためのin vitro方法であって、in vitroでCD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞を、抗原に特異的な方法でCD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞を活性化させるのに十分な期間、適当な抗原提示細胞の表面上で発現させたヒトクラスII MHC分子に結合している請求項1に記載のペプチドからなる抗原に接触させるステップを含む、方法。
- 十分量の抗原を適当な抗原提示細胞に接触させることにより、該抗原が抗原提示細胞の表面上に発現させたヒトクラスII MHC分子上に結合している、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞が、請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- ヒトクラスII MHC分子がHLA-DRB1*0101であることを特徴とする、請求項16〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項16〜19のいずれかに記載の方法によって作製された活性化CD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞であって、請求項1に記載のペプチドを発現する細胞を選択的に認識する、活性化CD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞。
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